NDU Spirit, a periodical bulletin about campus life at OUTLINE Notre Dame University - Louaïze, issued by the Public Relations Office A WORD FROM THE PRESIDENT I- ACADEMIC AFFAIRS March 2003 - Issue N° 27 NDU in the United States. Dr. Ameen A. Rihani 4 FAAD: Master in Landscape Urbanism 5 II- STUDENT AND ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES NDU-LAU Joint Seminar with Fr. George McLean 6 Consultative Committee Millennial Lecture Series 8 Deans of Faculties NDU Choir and Last year’s Echo Communio 12 Marcel and the Media - PR Class 14 A Guest from Berlin - FAAD 15 Editor-in-Chief Emily Nasrallah at NDU Public Relations 17 George Mghames Shouf Shorts 18 Norway M.P. Guest of FPSPA&D 21 A Day to be Remembered - NDU Retreat 22 Freedom from Drugs 23 Astronomer Querci - Report by Dr. R. Hajjar 25 English Editor The Knowledge-based Economy - Dr. Kamal Dib 27 Kenneth Mortimer LBC-Fares el-Hage Award 28 Pollution - Dr. Robert Hanna 29 Pierre Gemayel Jr., Guest of Camping Club 31 Osteoporosis - Dr. S. Saghieh 32 Jean Aziz, Guest of Debate Club 34 Reporting NDU instructor Chevalier 34 Ghada Mouawad Environment - Dr. Thanos Stasinopoulos 35 Poetry Recitation - Dr. Oueijan's LIR-302 Class 37 Sports Office News 39 Social Club News 41 With Northern Star -North Campus 42 Representatives of Faculties Social 42 and Student Clubs III- OPINION AND CULTURE Terrorism Insurance - Dr. Rashid V. Saber 43 Child Site -Project of Chady Bteich 45 Translating Poetry in the Computer Age - Dr. Amal Malek 48 Layout Funerailles champêtres, Poème - Antoine Y. Sfeir 50 Technopub s.a.r.l. Ladies’ On-Campus Dorm 51 English Idiom - K.J.M. 52 Learning Lebanon - Ed. 52 St. Jean-Maroun - Dr. Georges Labaki 53 Le Fléau de nos temps - Mireille Kassis 54 Print A Prescription for Happiness - Dina Achkar 55 Meouchy and Zakaria Taizé - Dr. Ziad Fahed 56 Poems - Dalia Kharboush 57 Culture - K.J. Mortimer 58 Comments of Dr. Ameen A. Rihani 60 Notre Dame University - Louaïze It is time... - Caren Attiyeh 61 Zouk-Mosbeh Tel: (09) 218950/1/2/4/5 Something for your Grey Matter 62 Barsa Tel: (03) 749402 - (06)416101/2/3 IV- BOOK REVIEW Shouf Tel: (05)511202-4-5-6 2003 NDU Publications Catalogue 63 Recent Additions 63 email: [email protected] Official photography: Abdo Bejjani A WORD from the PRESIDENT

hese are times when our convictions are put to the Hence the desperate resort to drugs, which give emotions test. "And many false prophets will arise, and will that have no meaning and lead only to hell. We must not Tlead many astray. And because iniquity will abound, let this delusion enter our Lebanese society, only too apt, the charity of many will grow cold. But whoever unfortunately, to run after empty show. perseveres to the end, he shall be saved. And this gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in the whole world, for The authorities of the established religions in Lebanon a witness to all nations; and then will come the end." have in the past been subject to much criticism, some of (Matt. XXIV, 12-14) which may well have been justified. But the religious orders, instead of fleeing abroad, have shown their confidence in the future of a Lebanon built on the fear of On the one hand our region lives under the threat of war, God and the elevation of the human mind. They are but on the other hand there has been an upsurge of public continuing to build and to expand schools and colleges opinion around the world condemning the blind use of and universities so that there will be a future in Lebanon force. However, there can be no peace without justice for and in the Middle East for a generation that has received all, irrespective of race, colour or religion. The great evil of the right education. What is more, the continued return to our time is the denial of the supernatural order their homeland of many Lebanese expatriates, including accompanied by a passion for material pleasure. But professors in our own NDU, has shown that in this region pleasure without respect for the law that God has at the meeting-place of continents, which through the implanted in human nature can never give fulfilment and centuries received divine revelation, has something that a happiness. It leads only to despair, as may be seen by all materialist world cannot offer. Whatever our religion, our who have their eyes open to the world around them. All society in Lebanon has so far kept the same sound basic the luxury of modern living has not brought more joy. Only moral principals. Family ties bring life-long fulfilment a generation or so ago, popular musicians were first and whereas their neglect leads to bitter and lonely old age. foremost lovers of music; now their antics on the stage show only a craving for popular applause from crowds Fidelity to our faith in God and his moral law, and courage who also seek to forget their emptiness of soul by some in the face of adversity, will not only keep Lebanon strong, sort of communication and for whom music and dance are but will also be a force for stability in the region and a a means of forgetting reality. It has already been remarked missionary message for the whole world. that the relation between performers, actors and politicians on the one hand and their audiences on the Rev. Boutros Tarabay other is a relation between empty souls on both sides. President

NNU SPIRIT 3 NDU IN THE UNITED STATES

mon concerns, and discussing strate- he Annual Conference of the TAssociation of Catholic Colleges gies for future development at the and Universities (ACCU), January 27- academic and administrative levels. 30, 2003, held in Washington D.C., had Dr. Rihani paid a visit to the Catholic as its theme Educational Cooperation University in Washington D.C., and Solidarity. More than 300 mem- where he met with the Provost Dr. bers representing 142 Catholic institu- John J. Convey. The draft for a tions of higher education were present Memorandum of Agreement, pre- at the conference. Very few overseas pared by Dr. Rihani, was discussed Educational Administration. The universities attended, but among at length. Faculty and student LDRC at NDU was the subject of dis- those that did take part was NDU. Dr. exchanges were reviewed to study cussion. Dr. Rihani gave a long pre- Ameen A. Rihani participated in the the scope of interest and implemen- sentation about the rationale, objec- panel discussions that took place in tation on both sides. The three new tives and plan of action of the new several meetings. He highlighted the NDU research projects were high- research project. Dr. Flaxman ideas of maintaining academic stan- lighted, namely: The Lebanese explained specific studies conducted dards while implementing terms of Diaspora Research Center (LDRC), by the Urban Institute of Columbia cooperation, the significance of shar- The Water Research Center (WRC), University. Both speakers sorted out ing multicultural experiences among and the Manuscript Digitization some common concerns and areas of departments of the same area of learn- Center (MDC). The follow-up to this interest such as: human diversity, ing, and the need for research meeting is taking place right now adaptation to new communities, cri- exchange in developing centers and between the two universities. teria for a productive citizen, cultur- institutes of scientific and socio-eco- al dialogue, human rights, minority nomic studies. Another meeting took place between issues, ethnic group and national Dr. Rihani and Mr. Dana Pratt, the solidarity, variables in self-identity, Contacts were made during the con- President of the American Friends of migration problems, citizen of a ference with leaders of higher edu- NDU (AFN). Mrs. Mona Kan’an, country v/s citizen of the world, a cation in America such as Rev. Fr. General Secretary of the Board of bridge between East and West, the Joseph O’Hare, President of Trustees attended the meeting. Mr. Middle East and Europe, Lebanon Fordham University in New York, Pratt reported that the official recog- and the United States, Lebanon and Sister Rose Marie Kujawa, President nition of the Association was issued South America, etc.. At the end of of Madona University in Michigan, in the State of Maryland and that the the meeting, Dr. Flaxman confirmed Professor Joe Petite, Vice President file for issuing the (501 C3) at the to Dr. Rihani his willingness to join for Research and Development at Federal level is under preparation. efforts in possible future plans Georgetown University in As a follow-up to that meeting, the between the Urban Institute at Washington D.C., Dr. Jan Peters, official papers of AFN were filed on Columbia University and the President of the International February 3, 2003, with the hope of Lebanese Diaspora Research Center Federation of Catholic Universities, receiving the non-profit status some- at NDU. and Dr. Monika K. Hellwig, time early July. In Boston, Dr. Rihani met with President of the Association of In New York, Dr. Rihani visited Monsignor Joseph Lahoud, Dr. Catholic Colleges and Universities. Columbia University and had a Melhem Aswad and other NDU was mentioned more than three-hour meeting with Professor Lebanese-Americans and discussed once in the General Assemblies of Erwin Flaxman, Director of the with them the new research projects the Conference, and was active in Urban Studies Research Center, with at the University and the future two-day group discussions on pre- the presence of Dr. George El-Hage plans of the American Friends of sent educational challenges, work- from the Department of Middle NDU in more than one city in the ing modules of cooperation, sharing Eastern Studies, and Dr. Gibran United States. N points of strength, dealing with com- Majdalani from the Department of

4 NNU SPIRIT FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND DESIGN,

MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE IN LANDSCAPE URBANISM Starting Spring Semester 2003, Department of Architecture, 36 credits

Year 1 Fall semester 9 credits MLU 515 Ecological Foundations of Landscape Urbanism 3cr. MLU 616 Aesthetic Foundations of Landscape Urbanism 3cr. MLU 617 Landscape Informatics 3cr. Spring semester 9 credits MLU 625 Cultural Foundations of Landscape Urbanism 3cr. MLU 626 Policy and Implementation in Landscape Urbanism 3cr. Major Elective 3cr. Year 2 Fall semester 9 credits MLU 635 Workshop in Landscape Urbanism 6cr. MLU 636 Thesis Seminar 3cr. Spring semester 9 credits Major elective 3cr. MLU 645 Thesis 6cr.

oundaries between environmen- attitudes towards nature, cities and who are able to respond to the Btal design disciplines are getting their interface. needs of ministries and internation- blurred. Increasingly, landscape al agencies, as well as private devel- architecture is being explored from In response to this inclusive attitude opers and consulting offices, in different perspectives pertaining to toward the environment, this pro- devising a culturally appropriate art, architecture, urbanism, ecology gram opens a new perspective for approach to environmental plan- and technology. As such, it is per- graduate studies, bridging the gap ning and in formulating landscape ceived as an architectural incorpora- between art, architecture, landscape and urban design strategies at the tion of nature, an investigation in regional ecologies, an experimental architecture and urbanism. It pro- urban, metropolitan and regional field for installation artists, or as a vides new graduate students as well scales. It also encourages aesthetic means for reinforcing regional and as experienced professionals with exploration by individual artists, urban identities. Hence, landscape the opportunity to explore and to architects and landscape designers architecture is losing its narrow defi- learn to manage emerging and who prefer to follow their own itin- nition as a professional field con- pressing issues related to environ- erary in professional or research cerned with designing gardens and mental conservation and sustainable work. urban open spaces. It is widening its development. scope to embrace contemporary Information kindly supplied by environmental problems and philo- As such, the program aims at educat- sophical debates about the evolving ing professionals and researchers

NNU SPIRIT 5 NDU-LAU joint RVP Seminar

WITH FATHER GEORGE F. MCLEAN

unique seminar was organised on the campuses of A NDU and LAU in association with The Council for Research in Values & Philosophy (RVP). The first ses- sion was held on the NDU Main Campus on January 18, 2003 and the second at the LAU campus at Jbeil (Byblos) on January 20. The title of the seminar was God in Multicultural Society: Religion and Politics/Religion and Globalization and enjoyed the participation of Father George Francis McClean.

Organisers: Dr. Edward Alam (NDU) at email edward- [email protected] and Dr. Habib Charles Malik (LAU) at email [email protected]. Founder of the Inter-University Committee on Research and Policy Studies (ICRPS), the Joint Committee of Catholic Learned Societies (JCCLS), the Council for Research in Values and Philosophy (RVP) and The Center for the Study of Culture and Values, and Secretary, 1965-1980, of the American Catholic Philosophical Societies, The International Society for Metaphysics (ISM), 1974-1998, The World Union of Catholic Philosophical Societies (WUCPS), 1974-..., The Inter-university Committee on Research and Policy Studies (IRC), 1975-1977, and The Joint Committee of Catholic Learned Societies and Scholars (CLS), 1974- 1977, and member of the Board of Directors of the International Federation of Philosophical Societies, 1977-1987, Father McClean enjoys outstanding academ- ic distinction. Accomplished in five modern languages, he is Ph.B., Ph.L., S.T.B. & S.T.L. from the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, 1949-!956, and Ph.D. from the Catholic University of America, Washington, 1956- 1958. He was Visiting Research Scholar, University of Madras, India, 1969 and 1977, and Visiting Research Scholar at the University of Paris, 1970. He was at the Institute for Oriental Studies, Cairo, Egypt, 1991-1992.

6 NNU SPIRIT He has been Professor of Philosophy, 1958-1993, and Professor Emeritus, We enter now into the new millenni- 1993-..., at the Catholic University of America, Washington D.C.; Advisory um beyond the sharp rationalist and Professor, 1994-..., at Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Advisory nationalist dichotomies of modernity. Researcher, 1998-..., Advisory Researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the People look once again to their cultur- Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, and Advisory Professor, 2001-..., at al heritages to humanize and enrich Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China. He has published one hundred books the modern notion of “progress”, and and over two hundred articles. to enable it to promote, rather than to supplant, their personal cultural iden- Father McLean worked for many years with the present pope when the lat- tity... ter was still archbishop in Poland on the philosophical concept of solidarity as an alternative to Marxism and International Communism, based on the Much work has been going on in this social teaching of Pope Leo XIII, an Italian aristocrat who took to heart the regard for a number of years. The condition of the workers of the world as long ago as the late 19th century.(1) International Society for Metaphysics Cardinal Wojtyla, as the Pope then was, insisted that it was not enough to (ISM) held a series of 10 international criticise International Communism; it was necessary to present something conferences in the late 1970s and 80s, better. first on person, next on society, and then on culture. In the last 10 years the At NDU, 18/01/2003 the speakers at the joint seminar Council for Research in Values and were as follows: Philosophy (RVP) has developed regional sets of teams in Eastern Europe, the Balkans, the Caucasus, Dr. Edward Alam: Globalization’s Myth of Multiculturalism. Russia, South and South-East and East Dr. Wa’il Kheir: Confessionalism and Democracy: the Case Asia, China, and East, South and West of Lebanon. Africa. These teams have published over 100 books in the RVP series: Dr. Adeeb Saab: Theology of Diversity and Theology of “Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Unity. Change”. These are distributed to 350 Dr. Doumit Salameh: Religion, Universals, Truth vs. Inter- libraries and are available in full text Religious Dialogue. on the web at http://www.crvp.org, as well as through the usual book distrib- Fr. George McLean: Hermeneutics of Tolerance in a ution channels. It is important in the Multicultural Society (and closing assess- face of present challenges to bring this ment). work together, to plan for its onward development and to engage the At LAU, 20/01/2003 the speakers were as follows: broad philosophical community.

Dr. Eugene Sensenig-Dabbous: What is the Added Value of “Religion” in The leaflet of the Center for the Multicultural Discourse? Study of Culture & Values, also available from Dr. Alam’s office, Fr. Boulos Wehbe: Two religions in Lebanese Society: Finding introduces the Center as follows: God in the Other. It had long been thought that if sci- Dr. Habib C. Malik: Varieties of Pluralism and the Limitations of ence were freed from values and Inter-religious Dialogue. people divested of their cultures, all The seminar ended with open discussion, led by Fr. McLean, covering the human problems would cease. entire scope of the seminar. Participants in the seminar included Dr. Peter These ideas have proven to be not Shbeir and Ms. Thérèse Chbat (active ecumenist). only false, but destructive. Attention is now focused on rediscovering and The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy (http://www.crvp.org), under the direction of Fr. McLean (email: [email protected]) is organising an transforming values that orient and international conference on Challenges and Prospects of the Dialogue of inspire human life and on the cul- Cultural Traditions, to be held in Istanbul, Turkey, August 8-10, 2003. We tures and ways of life that these con- quote from the leaflet available from the NDU office of Dr. Edward Alam: stitute. N

(1) Pope Leo’s social teaching was so revolutionary for the time that after his death many pious Catholics “bien-pensant” had Masses said for the repose of his soul, thinking that a pope who had such terrible revolutionary ideas about the rights of the working class was certain to spend a very long time in Purgatory! –Ed.

NNU SPIRIT 7 MILLENNIAL 2002 LECTURE SERIES 2003

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES, DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL STUDIES

s stated in our last issue, this year’s Millennial Lectures have as their theme “Cultural Vistas A and the 21st Century” – Paradoxes and Challenges. To the announcement made in our last issue we would add that the subject of Mr. George Hajjar’s talk (5 p.m. 19/6/03) is to be A Crisis of Cultural Identity Consensus and that the last lecture (midday 10/7/03) is to be given by Ms. Candace Putnam, on the subject of The Media’s Role in Foreign Policy. RELATIONS BETWEEN ISLAMIC AND CHRISTIAN CULTURES

By Father George Mc Lean

This year’s series opened was shaken by Truth terms of convergence and confusion of the horizon- on January 20 with a talk divided, spawning diver- divergence. The speaker tal and vertical planes. The given by Father George gent truths that had creat- saw two planes, a horizon- world could be divided McLean, about whom ed a pandemonium of tal one of economic and between two kinds of fun- more information is given convictions. There had to political concerns leading damentalism, a materialist in the article in this issue be a dialogue of truths in to competition and con- one and a religious one concerning the NDU-LAU the face of materialism. flict, and a vertical one of which was forgetful of Joint Seminar. Presiding values which could be man. Father McLean opened his were the NDU Provost Dr. shared and could lead to talk on “Relations between After the first fifteen hun- George Eid, Dean of cooperation. the Islamic and Christian dred years of Christianity, Humanities Dr. Boulos Cultures” by remarking After the Cold War, he belief came to depend on Sarru’ and Department that we were living in remarked, spiritual con- Revelation alone, and the Chairman Dr. Doumit what the Chinese with cerns had come to the secular world became Salameh. After an intro- masterly understatement forefront. Cultures had closed off by itself so that ductory word by the last called “interesting times”, become the new language human life was lived as it named concerning the the recent and present of international relations, were protected from reli- higher aims of Notre crises having followed opening the way to a shar- gious influence. Now reli- Dame University, Dr. close on World War II and ing of cultural values and gious fundamentalism Boulos Sarru outlined the the Cold War. Relations an end to conflict. But was faced by another fun- aims of the series. He could be discussed in there was also danger of a damentalism trying to remarked that the world

8 NNU SPIRIT solve problems by purely possible in a world where dents had to follow at though it was a thing secular means, so an there was a risk of the least one course of studies developed in the past at answer was needed that virtues being forgotten. given in English. great cost, for tradition was both philosophical The challenge was to Complementarity allowed must not be a dead faith and religious. There was a develop cooperation cooperation in diversity. bound to the past but convergence between between cultures, civilisa- Islam emphasised fidelity rather had to be lived with Christianity and Islam in tions and religions while to God and his primacy, an ear to what was new. that both participated in recognising the diver- while Christianity had Thus future generations Plato’s theme of man gences. learnt to survive amidst would be able to live expressing and participat- secularism and therefore inherited traditions in In passing, the speaker, ing in the Divine. must teach Hindu India new ways. Perhaps who has been active in Mohammad Iqbal (the and Islam to live in this Christianity and Islam universities in the internationally renowned way. The principle of needed each other for People’s Republic of Indian thinker) had said cooperation was for the stimulation and sugges- China, remarked that the that philosophy was not parties not to determine tion so as to live their own Chinese had now passed enough and that theology each other but to help traditions more deeply from a mentality of “non- soared higher. Religion each other to be what they and to be able to give to interference” as bound- sought contact with reali- were. It was necessary to one another. aries were now withering ty, so with all the diver- avoid being trapped in so that now Chinese stu- gences cooperation was one’s own tradition, even THE FUTURE OF CHRISTIANITY in the MIDDLE EAST: Fears and Hopes

By Father Samir Khalil S.J.

The keen interest in Fr. Samir Dr. Boulos Sarru’, Dean of from Rome (1980). He is the founder Khalil’s talk, given in Friends Humanities, opened by remarking and director of CEDRAC (Centre de that this year’s Millennial Lectures Documentation et de Recherches Arabes Hall on Thursday, February 27th centred around the challenge to Chrétiennes) of St. Joseph’s was emphasised by the presence Truth, while this particular lecture University, Beirut. He is part-time of His Grace George Khodr, brought up the question of the professor at the Oriental Institute Orthodox Metropolitan of courage demanded by truth, for one and at the Institute of Arabic and must never give way to fear. Often Mount Lebanon, of NDU Islamic Studies in Rome and has we discussed truth and laid a claim been visiting professor at the univer- President Fr. Boutros Tarabay, to knowledge but failed to apply it in sities of Amsterdam, Birmingham, of Dr. Ameen Albert Rihani of our lives. Cairo, Graz, Nimègue, Paris, Tokyo, NDU, of priests from the Dr. Doumit Salameh, Chairman of Turin, Washington, etc.. Throughout Institute of St. Paul, Harissa, of the Department of Social and the world, he has participated in 150 professors of Philosophy and Behavioral Sciences, introduced the congresses of Arab and Islamic stud- evening’s speaker, pointing out that ies, twenty of which he organised Islamology and of other he had a doctorate (3rd cycle) in himself. He has published 25 books interested individuals from Islamology from Aix-en-Provence, and 500 articles in Arabic, French, within NDU and from outside. 1966, and one in Oriental Sciences English, German and Italian on

NNU SPIRIT 9 Christian Arab studies (his- Christians was worsening. would be the object of tory, philosophy, theology, Being a statistical minority envy, whereas, when they exegesis), Islamology and did not necessarily mean worked hand in hand with Christian-Islamic relations. weakness. Minorities were others for the good of the He is founder, director or often the most dynamic country, frank and friendly co-director of a number of elements of a population, mutual criticism was still collections, including The as was clear from the exam- possible. If competition Coptic Encyclopedia. ples of the Armenians and between Christians were the Jews throughout the eliminated and replaced by Father Khalil’s exposition world. As for Lebanese a sense of complementari- was impressive by reason minorities abroad, Father ty, then an obstacle would of his clarity and his bold Khalil gave the example of be removed, and it would insistence on certain facts the Lebanese presidents be easier to apply this sense concerning the present sit- and ministers in Latin of complementarity in rela- uation, particularly in America, Ralph Nader the tions with Muslims. Lebanon. He declared his consumers’ champion in Christians should endeav- intention of dealing with the United States, Hayek of our to be the best in every Christians’ fears, their Swatch (Swiss Watch), and field in order to serve all hopes and their mission. the many Lebanese with others better. Competition He considered that their high positions in the econ- should be in the fight vision was often pes- omy of the countries of the against corruption and simistic; there were admit- Gulf. In particular, he immorality, with more con- tedly reasons for this pes- observed that, although the cern for Lebanon as a coun- simism but he considered Lebanese presence in try for all. them to be often over-esti- Montreal, Canada, was mated. One reason was only fifteen years old, Father Khalil concluded; that in recent years the fun- Lebanese foods were com- “Hope depends on us, not damentalists had been peting everywhere in the on the Arabs, America, using the word Islamiyyoun supermarkets and not France or the Vatican, but rather than Muslimoun. He merely in Lebanese ethnic on ourselves and the spirit pointed out that by no grocery stores. of Christ.” means all Muslim states were Islamic states and that After the applause that fol- However, Father Khalil Muslim governments lowed the termination of wondered at the lessened feared political Islam as the talk, the floor was dynamism of Christians in much as Christians did. He thrown open to questions Lebanon at present. He also spoke about the and remarks from the audi- recalled the statement of Christian development of ence. Notably, Archbishop the Catholic Patriarchs in the concept of watan with Khodr wished to lay 1992, quoting Our Lord’s equality for all citizens, a emphasis on Christians liv- words in St. Luke’s Gospel, concept generally accepted ing in Christ more than on “Do not be afraid, little now by most Lebanese of their merely intellectual or flock”; they had pointed all religions. professional quality. While out that the Church was not disagreeing, Father After dealing frankly with not to be measured in Khalil did however feel the political situation and numbers but in sense of that the Gospel strength- remarking that Lebanon mission. Insisting on the ened him not only in his had taken shape as a need for quality and setting spiritual life. Christian-Muslim state, the example in respect for Father Khalil pointed out the law, he said that this After the formal closure of with certain examples that had made the Christians the conference, there was it was generally the indispensable at the time of still lengthy discussion Christian presence and role the Abassids and enabled between members of the that made Sunnite-Shiite them to influence the audience around the cooperation a possibility. whole of society in the refreshment table, as they The present demographic more recent Nahda period. had clearly found the occa- trend did not in itself mean If they worked for sion a most stimulating that the situation for Christians only, they one. N

10 NNU SPIRIT NDU Easter Concert CHOIR Notre Dame University Choir In St. Joseph’s Church, Monot, Ashrafiyeh, at 20.30 hrs. on Saturday AND April 12th, 2003, the NDU University Choir will be performing the Requiem Maronite by Abbot François Eid, with soprano soloist Aida LAST Tomb (Ronza). All are cordially invited. YEAR’S ECHO

Main Campus

midday on Monday 23rd Just part of the happy crowd. December, 2002, Holy Mass At was there together with a number was provided by the Troupe was celebrated in the Registration of the Fathers, administrative staff Minimum, who sang songs inspired Hall with NDU President Father and faculty members of the by the occasion, danced and then Boutros Tarabay officiating, assisted University. Father Salim ar-Raji played with the little ones, after by the other Fathers holding posi- opened festivities with some words which Father Christmas distributed tions in the University of spiritual content and then blessed presents. Administration. There was a large the children present. Entertainment attendance composed of faculty members, administrative staff and students.

After the reading of the Gospel, Father Tarabay delivered a sermon in which he called on his listeners to prepare for the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ with faith in communal harmony in an atmosphere of understanding and love so that the University might develop in a fruit- ful way. He wished all present a joy- ful Christmas undisturbed by any of the incidents that disturb society, for the Lord gave power to rise above all hardship. In the evening there was a party for the children of the University family and some children from the JHS orphanage. Father Boutros Tarabay NDU President Father Boutros Tarabay takes a lead in the children’s enjoyment.

NNU SPIRIT 11 COMMU

A welcome to Communio from Dr. Edward Alam. Theology of Dress

his was the rather surprising title of Erik he refused academic positions in the Catholic world, TPeterson’s article in the review Communio that was except one at the Pontifical Institute of Christian discussed when the Communio Circle met on Archaeology, and lived a lonely and penurious life. A Thursday, 19th December, 2002. The presentation was number of his theological and historical essays were made by Mr. Riad Mufarraj with remarkable insight published before he died in his birthplace, Hamburg, into Patristic theology. leaving a wife and five children. In the essay now published in English in Communio, Erik Peterson (1890-1960) is now realised as having he insisted that man’s dress was not, as is popularly been an unfairly neglected Christian thinker, supposed, a moral problem at all, but rather a meta- although his retiring nature may be considered as physical and theological one. He noted that those largely to blame. He was brought up by an agnostic who advocated a cult of nudity did so out of con- father and a severely Calvinist mother. From 1910 scious opposition to the Church on an ideological onwards he followed theology courses in a number basis. This, incidentally, was confirmed by Dr. of German universities and qualified as a lecturer in Eugene Sensenig-Dabbous (NDU) out of his own 1920, after specialising in classical and Christian epig- experience in German-speaking Europe. The author raphy. After contact with such leading Protestant pointed out that the biblical account in Genesis refers theologians as Harnack, Karl Barth and Rudolph to nakedness only after the Fall. The previous lack of Bultmann, he finally moved away from both liberal clothing was not nakedness; nakedness supposes and dialectical theology towards Catholic notions of lack of clothing but is not identical with it (it should revelation, faith and Church. Despite attempts by hardly be necessary to point out that the popular such eminent friends as Jacques Maritain to help him, belief that Adam’s sin was a sexual one is utterly erro-

12 NNU SPIRIT Christian Community and the States of Life

This was the title of an article by David S. Crawford in the review Communio which was presented for discussion on Wednesday 22nd January, 2003 by Father Ross Frey, American Basilian monk of St. NIO Saviour’s Monastery in Iqlim al-Qaroub near Saida. The states of life are those of celibacy and of mar- riage, two ways and expressions of love for approaching God. Celibacy as a vocation is the state of all monks and nuns through a vow of virginity and is the norm for even the secular clergy in the Western Latin Church. This has been called in the West a Way of Perfection, but there was general agreement that while it presented a more direct approach to God, this expression used for it did not imply any imperfection of that state which is sancti- fied by the sacrament of marriage. Theologically, it should be remembered that Christ chose the way of virginity, while Mary was spouse of the Holy Spirit, virgin and mother. Virginity is referred to as chastity in the listing of the three religious vows of poverty, chastity and entire obedience, but in fact in the wider meaning is a virtue which has to be practised by all, even in marriage, and implies the correct use of the sexual faculty within marriage according to God’ law, with conjugal fidelity. Poverty too, as a detached and moderate use of worldly goods, is a virtue that all should practise. neous in view of God’s command to increase and mul- Once again the meeting showed the value of sincere tiply – Ed..). Before the Fall, the “non-nakedness” of discussion among people with a religious commit- the body, along with its unclothedness, is explained by ment irrespective of their particular community or the fact that supernatural grace covered the human confession. Those taking part were Dr. Edward person like a garment. Man did not simply stand in Alam, Thérèse Chbat, Fr. Ross Frey B.S., Dr. George the light of divine glory; he was actually clothed with Hassoun Ph.D. (NDU Engineering), Dr. Habib it. Supernatural righteousness was what he wore. The Charles Malek, K.J. Mortimer, Dina Nseir, Dr. clothing worn after the Fall was penitential. The article Eugene Sensenig-Dabbous and Dr. Doumit Salameh. went on to explain the symbolism of clothing in the ancient world and particularly in the writings of the Church Fathers such as Basil, Chrysostom, John Damascene, Gregory Nazianzan, Severus of Antioch and Justin Martyr. Readers are reminded that Communio meetings are normally held during the last week of every Taking part in the discussion in addition to the two month. All believers who attach importance to persons mentioned above were Dr. Edward Alam, the intellectual aspect of religion, including NDU animator of the Circle, Ms. Thérèse Chbat, Fr. students and persons from outside NDU, are Ross Frey (Basilian Salvatorian), Dr. Habib Malek, Mr. welcome, irrespective of their religious or Kenneth Mortimer (NDU), Dr. Vivian Naameh denominational membership (not necessarily (NDU), Dr. Yusuf Rami (Professor at the University of Christian). Information about coming meetings Michigan), Dr. Doumit Salameh (NDU), Fr. Boulos may be obtained from Dr. Edward Alam or his Wehbeh (NDU), and Dr. Yusuf Yaacoub (NDU). secretary, extension 2415 or 2502.

NNU SPIRIT 13 MARCEL GHANEM

on the MEDIA

t was a great pleasure for the NDU Public Relations Class to host the well- known TV personality Mr. Marcel Ghanem, host of the popular LBCI Italk-show. He delighted his audience of NDU students, staff and academics with a talk given in Friends Hall at midday on 12th December, 2002. Proceedings opened with the National Anthem, followed by some words of introduction. Then Mr. Suheil Matar, NDU Director of Public Relations, welcomed the guest, insisting on his reputation for frankness, boldness and a unique personal manner. Mr. Marcel Ghanem began by insist- ing on the important influence of the media in forming public opinion and causing political movement and then spoke of the prevailing situa- tion in this field. He suggested that there had been considerable favouritism in the granting of Dr. Joe Ajami, Mr. Suheil Matar, Marcel Ghanem and student representatives. licences and expressed the view that politicians should not be sharehold- ers in media companies as this affect- ed their independence. Mr. Ghanem admitted the existence of a gulf sep- arating young people from the media as they felt a lack of impartial- ity in the reporting, for example, of student demonstrations. He spoke of the need to free the media from the pressure of politi- cians and the security authorities and to make changes in the in the law concerning them, for which he placed responsibility on the shoul- ders of the country’s youth. Discussion with the audience then covered such questions as the Syrian presence, military service and media support in the question of the clos- ing down of MTV. Marcel Ghanem with students of the PR Class.

14 NNU SPIRIT A GUEST FROM BERLIN

6 o’clock in the evening of Monday 9th December, 2002, Faculty members, staff Atand students of NDU gathered in Friends Hall had the pleasure of listening to an outstanding personality in the field of architecture, Dr. Carl-Georg Schulz. He is Assistant Professor at the Technische Universität Berlin and has his own practice. After being presented to the audience by Dr. Nadim Karam, Dean of the Faculty of Architecture, Art and Design (FAAD), the visitor explained how a historic building of Berlin had been restored to activity.

He began by saying that he was sure that, in view of their own recent history, Lebanese people could appreciate what the demolition of the Berlin Wall and the var- ious other events of November 1989 meant for the Germans after 41 years of division and the virtual imprisonment of one part of the country. In February of 1990, a time of high hopes engendered by the new sense of freedom and national unity, an international group of artists founded a little earlier in East Berlin came and squatted in the ruin of Tacheles in the Mitte district to save it from total demolition. Early in the 20th century this had been opened as a department store with a number of retail outlets, a central cash point and a pneumatic dispatch system.

CARL-GEORG SCHULZ HONOURS NDU The mall combined Cyclops-style bulky building shape with Gothic and Art Deco ele- ments, about which the speaker gave details.

NNU SPIRIT 15 The passage was located at the edge Under the German Democratic Republic of the old city wall and alongside the area of 19th century urban expan- In 1948 the Haus der Technik moved out of the building, which fell into disre- sion. Despite the promising site, the pair because of the erection nearby of the Berlin Wall. One part was occupied joint-stock company had to file a by a film theatre, the School for Foreign Trade, the GDR School of Artists and petition for bankruptcy after half a a unit of the Army. Because of some wartime damage, there was partial year. The Wertheim Company that demolition. followed as a tenant and tried to establish a conventional department After German reunification, on February 13, 1990 an international group of store went bankrupt before the out- artists from the east side occupied the building as squatters. They were break of World War I in 1914. The known as the Tacheles, this being a Yiddish word meaning free, open and bankruptcy assets went to the explicit speech. Supporters joined them from all over the world and the Commerzbank, which undertook Tachele charitable association was formed to promote international cultural modifications to the structure at the exchange and to preserve the “art ruin” permanently. A moratorium was beginning of the 1920s. In 1928 the obtained on the demolition and subsequently the listing of the building as a German AEG company took over historical monument. Architect Carl-Georg Schulz mediated between the the arcade as a tenant and estab- squatters and the public authorities and implemented certain safety mea- lished the Haus der Technik (House of sures for which the City provided funds while minor repairs were carried out Technology), redesigning parts of by Tacheles. Meanwhile, there was thriving cultural activity in and around the complex with a view to promot- the ruin, which became the scene of underground art, rock and pop, cinema ing its products. The world’s first and theatre performances and even new media. television programme was shown In 1998 a powerful German investor known as the Fundus Group became here to report the 1936 Berlin owner of the building and its surrounding area (22,000 sq.m). and Tacheles Olympic Games. obtained a 10-year leasing contract for a symbolic rent. After 1933, an increasing area was Early in the year 2000, the office of Carl-Georg Schulz was charged with plan- taken over by organisations of ning the reconstruction of the building, although with a budget of only ∈5.25 Hitler’s National Socialist Party. In million there were limits imposed. The basic principles adopted were con- 1941 ownership passed to the state- servation and protection, without actual restoration, of the existing structure controlled labour union called the and the addition of new structural elements that were clearly and explicitly German Work Front and the Central modern and new. The Tacheles Association was satisfied with the conserva- Land Office of the SS (Storm-troop- tion of the “ruin” character, the art-friendly ambiance and an acceptable rent ers) moved in. The building was to pay. probably used for planning and pro- There will be a supermarket, retail outlets, services, trade, a hotel, a boarding- duction, probably of arms. From house and residential developments together with public and semi-public 1943 the attic was used to hold open spaces. “The main really interesting counterpoint in the whole block is French prisoners of war and roof the lively Tacheles. It is to be hoped that the potential of this constellation windows were blocked to prevent will be perceived permanently.” their escape.

16 NNU SPIRIT EMILY NASRALLAH AT NDU PUBLIC RELATIONS

n Tuesday 17th December, Asked about the insistence in her novels The O2002, Emily Nasrallah, former Hostage and The Birds of September on suffering student of NDU and now a well- in love, Authoress Nasrallah answered that known authoress, came to the these novels pointed out the ways of urban Conference Room of the Public life and the circumstances of a woman in this Relations Office to talk about her society and her traditional submission, with stories and novels. the question of love being subject to many restraints. She spoke about her own educa- tion and her intellectual activities, and then stressed the great chal- lenges facing the writer today because of the revolution in com- munications and technology gen- erally. She called for a new aware- ness of the dangers of the present neglect of books, a neglect which could cause the world to fall into an abyss of ignorance. It was not to be forgotten that the book was the friend of all.

Dr. Mansour Eid of NDU, Ms. Emily Nasrallah, Mr. Suheil Matar, Director of Public Relations, and Dr, Ameen Rihani, NDU V.-P., Sponsored Research and Development.

NNU SPIRIT 17 SHOUF

Maguy Farah, Shouf Campus Director Dr. Assaad Eid and administrators on the podium. Cuttiing the tape.

MAGUY FARAH ANNUAL ART EXHIBITION AT SHOUF CAMPUS

On December 18th, 2002, On December 29, 2002, Chakra. Also present were beauty, a speech was deliv- the well-known informa- NDU Shouf Campus NDU President Father ered by Mr. Suheil Matar, tion and literary personal- opened its Annual Art Boutros Tarabay, Mr. who affirmed that spending ity Magay Farah came to Exhibition, organised in Suheil Matar, NDU one hour with an artist was the Shouf Campus to cooperation with the Director of Public like spending an ecstatic address a large and enthu- Institute of Fine Arts of the Relations, Dr. Assaad Eid, hour with a song, an instru- siastic crowd of adminis- Lebanese University and Director of Shouf Campus, ment, a book, or a lady of trators, faculty members, the Association of and a large crowd of staff exquisite beauty! Lebanese Painters and and students. The staff and students about As for Father Boutros Sculptors. One hundred Lebanese University was various political and liter- Tarabay, he hailed the artists from all over represented by Dr. Leila ary subjects, in particular organisers of the exhibi- Lebanon took part. Saab and the Association referring to their horo- tion and all the partici- of Lebanese Painters and scopes and their astro- The opening ceremony pants, stressing the dis- Sculptors by its vice-presi- nomical associations. She took place under the aus- tinction of the gathering, dent, Mr. Izzat Mezher. hoped that those born pices of Dr. Ghassan brought about in the under the zodiac sign of Salameh, Minister of After the opening address framework of a true coop- the Lion would be true Culture, represented by of Dr. Assaad Eid, who eration between three lions, according to her Mr. Ghassan Abou described art as a quest for institutions, namely NDU, expectations and the movements of the planets in the vault of heaven.

18 NNU SPIRIT SHORTS

Slicing the cake. Elias Rahbani holds his audience.

ELIAS RAHBANI AT YASA GUEST OF SHOUF CAMPUS SHOUF CAMPUS On January 23, 2003, at the The founder of the associ- On January 21, 2003, NDU invitation of the ation, Mr. Ziad Akl, start- Shouf Campus welcomed University, the Association ed by thanking the Mr. Elias Rahbani in an the Lebanese University for Road Safety Awareness University and the organ- open forum in the presence and the Association of YASA, concerned with the isers for the opportunity to of Campus Director Dr. Lebanese Artists and improvement of roads and present his cause and then Assaad Eid, administrators Sculptors. He concluded traffic, discussed road pointed out that there was and students. by wishing the Shouf safety with the students at a yearly world death toll of Campus continued pros- Mr. Rahbani presented an Deir al-Qamar. 1,200,000 due to traffic perity as cultural centre overview of music, its his- for the Shouf and for all tory, and its relation to the Lebanon. human person, all the while stressing its univer- The ceremony closed with sal aspect. He also evaluat- an address by Mr. ed modern-day art, Ghassan Abou Chakra, expressing regret that it who hoped that the was not possible to go back Ministry of Education to the days of Oum would support NDU in its Kulthoum and Abdel encouragement of art and Wahab. of artists in Lebanon. He also spoke of his own work and in particular his present project, a theatrical Mr. Ziad Akl speaking on the urgent question of road safety presentation entitled Ella.

NNU SPIRIT 19 accidents. As solutions he proposed improvement of roads and of means of transport (cars, motorcy- cles, etc.), more means of protection (seat belts, radars, surveillance equipment), drawing the attention of municipal councils and family groups and clubs for support, alert- ing the Army and Security Forces, and instituting a programme of road awareness in schools. Perhaps the most important mea- sure was the avoidance of alcohol intake and consequent drunken driving.

Mr. Ziad Akl plants a commemorative tree..

SECONDARY SCHOOLS HONOURED On February 7th, 2003, NDU President Father Boutros Tarabay presided a meeting with the direc- tors of schools invited by NDU Shouf Campus who were advising their pupils about joining the University. After welcoming those present, he expressed the view that the existence of the Campus in the mountain region was a service to education and to Lebanon. He then insisted on the need for interaction between the University and the community, pointing out Fr. Boutros Tarabay welcomes Directors of Secondary Schools. that the unique purpose of the for- mer was to raise the level of educa- tion and learning. The Father Hope was expressed for future President was followed by Dr. contacts between the University Fouad Shadid, who spoke about the and the directors of schools in the Faculty of Science, and by Mr. Farid interests of the students. Haikal, in charge of the Admissions Office. Mr. Haikal gave details about the conditions necessary for registra- ANNUAL BOOK tion in the University and Mr. Fady EXHIBITION Khoury then spoke about the Department of Continuing On March 17, 2003, the Shouf Education, which was intended to Campus Student Cabinet held its serve people of all levels of educa- Annual Book Exhibition, thus tion. commemorating the 26th anniver- sary of the martyrdom of Kamal Finally there was friendly discussion Junblatt, the great Lebanese about various questions concerning leader. the education offered by the University, with a number of pro- posals being noted for consideration.

20 NNU SPIRIT NORWAY M.P.

Thursday, January 9, 2003, the Norwegian Member of Parliament Lars OnRise gave a talk at the invitation of the Faculty of Political Science, Public Administration and Diplomacy, addressing a large and interested audience drawn from NDU faculty members, staff and students and interested outsiders. His subject was Prospects of Peace in the Middle East after the Events of September 11. In this connection it should be borne in mind that Norway has played a leading role in initiating conflict resolution in a number of the world’s trouble spots. It was a Norwegian effort that led to Palestinian Leader Yasser Arafat being partner to the Oslo Agreement and Accord.

Dr. Michel Nehme, Mr. Suheil Matar and Mr. Lars Rise stand for the National Anthem.

Dr. Edward Sayah of NDU follows the speaker with keen interest. Mr. Lars Rise, relaxed but ready for questions.

After the Lebanese fight for Human Rights in Norway had been listed by President Jimmy Carter, National Anthem and many places around the the United Nations as the who had just received the words of welcome from world and specifically in country where the inter- Nobel Peace Prize for his Mr. Suheil Matar, NDU the Middle East. Mr. Lars ests of its citizens were efforts for peace. The Director of Public Rise then spoke of his best served, it was made speaker pointed out that Relations, the Dean of the activities in various coun- responsible for trying to there were no less than 49 FPSPAD Dr. Michel tries of the Middle East resolve conflicts and trouble spots in the world Nehme informed those and his concern about the restoring peace in the that had led to armed con- present that their guest Iraqi situation and the world. Mr. Rise made spe- flict. N had taken part in the open danger of war. After cial reference to former US

NNU SPIRIT 21 A DAY TO BE REMEMBERED...

Fadia El-Hage between Father Boutros Bou-Nassif and Father Roger Chikri.

movie concerning the life of St. Dominique Savio, the holy young boy. He was born in Italy (1842), and died at the age of 15 (1857). Saint Dominique Savio was beatified by the Pope in 1950, and canonized in 1954. The movie was prepared by a Lebanese producer and actors. It made most of us cry silently, because of the struggle of this Saint. At 12:30 p.m., we attended a Holy Mass full of graces, celebrated by both priests. After the Mass we all had lunch together with the brothers of the Monastery, and all of us were happy to meet one another and enjoy the company of the kind-hearted priests.

In conclusion, I would like to thank Fr. Chikri very much for bringing us together (even though not all the staff members were present) and for the precious time he offered us. We ather Roger Chikri, Director of Administration, invited the staff members really felt him as a brother and not a Fof NDU to attend a spiritual retreat, on December 5, 2002, at St. Teresa’s boss. Also, I would like to thank Fr. Monastery, Shaileh. On that day, about 35 persons arrived at 9:00 a.m. at the Bou-Nassif for spending such an agreeable time with us as a spiritual Monastery. We all gathered with Fr. Chikri and Fr. Boutros Bou-Nassif, leader. We really needed that day of NDU Chaplain-General, in a lecture room. Fr. Chikri read a small passage spiritual retreat, to feel the real peace from the Holy Bible (Genesis, chapter 1:26) which said: “Let us make man and faith inside us. Last, but not according to our image…” For one hour, we were discussing God’s mercy on least, special thanks go to St. Teresa’s us; the infinite love of God; the strength and weakness of Man’s faith in his Monastery, which hosted us on that Creator; the miscommunication between people; the devil and his experi- day. ence with Man; the good in our daily life; our perspective of life; thanking Fadia El-Hage our Creator for everything in our life; etc. The discussion was fruitful and ended with a coffee break. Around 11:00 a.m., we watched a most interesting February 4, 2003

22 NNU SPIRIT FREEDOM FROM DRUGS

Dr. J. Ajami’s PR Class, the NDU Connection Club and Oum El Nour Rehabilitation Centre came together on Monday January 13th, 2003, in the Registration Hall to bring drug awareness to the students of NDU.

Dr. Joe Ajami, Fr, Boutros Tarabay, Jihad, Mr. Suheil Matar and Ms. Mona Yazigi of Oum El Nour.

he scourge of the drug habit has help us only if we asked. Mr. Matar Tbecome a major issue in soci- pointed out that the taking of drugs eties throughout the world and this was only one symptom of social fact explains the importance and moral disintegration and that attached to ensuring that NDU stu- change could come only through dents and the friends they influ- cooperation between students, fac- ence may lead happy drug-free ulty members and staff. For his lives. Incidentally, NDU appears to part, Dr. Ajami challenged his stu- be quite exceptional in having a dents to become involved in an student club, the Connection issue that affected them more Society, devoted to dealing with deeply and directly than the views the problem. The conference in the and speeches of politicians. In fact Registration Hall was opened by drug-awareness had already words of introduction from NDU entered into political campaigns, in President Father Boutros Tarabay, two of which the Afro-American Director of Public Relations Mr. congressman Jesse Jackson had Suheil Matar and Dr. Joe Ajami of said, “Put hope in your brains, not the Humanities Faculty. Father dope in your veins.” Tarabay voiced his particular sup- port for the anti-drugs campaign in It was then the turn of Jihad, a for- view of his belief that one of the mer addict, to give hope and University’s objectives was to form courage to prisoners of the vice. His responsible young adults, it being eleven-year addiction had started important therefore that students as an experiment among friends; he in difficulties should have access to started with marijuana but help. He quoted Christ in the although this gave him an illusory Gospel, “Knock and the door shall feeling of confidence and well- be opened,” saying that God could being he switched to heroine in less

NNU SPIRIT 23 Mr. Naji Mansour of Oum Zel Nour. A large and deeply concerned audience.

than a year. Jihad became completely alienated from his family, even stealing his mother’s jewellery to finance his addiction. His one obsession was how to secure enough heroine for the next day or even the next hour, even though like most addicts he still believed himself strong enough to kick the habit if he wanted to. Jihad began to realise that he was addicted when he suffered actual physical pain during the withdrawal period when the drug effects began to wear off. However, he has now been clean for nearly seven years and is the happily-mar- ried father of two. He vows to always keep a close relationship with his children as he feels that this was what was lacking in his own family. Now he appreciates life, whereas before his addiction he had been conscious only of a void. This testimony was followed by statistics given by Mr. Nadi Sfeir of the Oum el Nour Rehabilitation Center. He said that although addiction in Lebanon was not yet as high as it was in many western countries, it was increasing at an explosive rate. In the year 2001 almost ten times as many had been received for treatment at the Centre as in 1993. The most popular drug was heroine, closely followed by amphetamines, but most cases received were taking a cocktail of drugs. Before the floor was thrown open to questions, representatives of the Connection Club explained that its members were not affiliated to any official Intelligence Service and did not report cases of addiction to the authorities. They were there in their office near the SAO only to help those in trouble. Their formal training had come from Oum el Nour. The vital step was for an addict to realise that he had a prob- lem and make a conscious decision to seek help. N

Mr. Nadi Sfeir of Oum El Nour. A bouquet for Mr. Jihad!

24 NNU SPIRIT ASTRONOMER FRANÇOIS QUERCI AT NDU

REPORT OF DR. ROGER HAJJAR Keen interest in astronomy at NDU.

n Friday, December 13, 2002, at the end of last year that is, French Oastronomer Dr. François Querci from the Midi-Pyrenées Observatory, came to NDU to talk about the project known by the acronym1 NORT, standing for Network of Oriental Robotic Telescopes, and also about prospects for the development of astronomy in Lebanon and the region. Dr. Querci is the UN expert for Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Sciences for Western Asia... well, understand that Western Asia is the diplomat’s name

1 for the Arab World. Dr. Querci has been touring Western – sorry! the Arab An acronym is composed of initial letters World for more than a decade now, endeavouring to preach a revival of that can be pronounced as a word. UNIFIL is an acronym; NDU and BBC are not astronomy in that particular region. His relationship with this part of Planet acronyms. –Ed. Earth dates from his childhood, since he was born and grew up in Tunisia.

NNU SPIRIT 25 But what about his pro- rises on one of them, Dr. François Querci has to map of the world is the posal? Early in the 1990’s, another has already start- do with a less well-known key idea. The speaker Dr. Querci, his wife (an ed observing! Now this form of pollution, namely therefore presented an astronomer too!) and a explains the “N” in light pollution. The audi- overview of current pro- certain Moroccan NORT. What about the ence was presented with Oriental part? A study jects, ongoing or under astronomer proposed a satellite images showing network of telescopes the shown to the audience study. Libya for example Europe and North Africa purpose of which was to during his conference is currently commencing study the variability of demonstrates that our at night. The contrast is studies for a 2.3-m tele- stars. His proposal dear part of the map has impressive. Whereas scope (size is given for the Europe is covered with stemmed from the fact excellent observing condi- main mirror.) Gulf coun- lights, North Africa is that stars vary over many tions. Water Vapor is low tries for their part are con- = less clouds = more clear essentially dark! A boon timescales ranging from sidering the possibility of minutes to years and a nights. We have high for astronomers! It was a regional observatory. proper understanding of mountains, from the Atlas also impressive to see pro- the complex behaviour of range to the mountains of jections for Italy based on Iran has joined the NORT stars requires a long-term Lebanon and on to the past satellite images and and plans a 2-m class Himalayas. All these fall study covering all these to notice that basically observatory, while very close to the Tropic of timescales. Unfortunately, within twenty-five years Lebanese astronomers this cannot be achieved Cancer, in a region rich Europe will have no place have proposed a 1-m class with existing observato- with an old Islamic tradi- left where you will be able observatory to be installed ries for many reasons. You tion of astronomy! So far on one of the higher cannot expect to get two so good for the Oriental. to enjoy a starry night. years of exclusive time on In some of these places peaks of our mountain an 8-m telescope. The you may well have more The other part of the talk range. most you can obtain is than 300 clear nights a was about the benefits four nights, and even year. Now compare this to that would be derived After Dr. Querci’s talk, we then only if you have an about 160 nights for obser- from the advancement of vatories located on the all met for lunch at the extremely good proposal. Astronomy and Space NDU Cafeteria. Three And then, the observatory continent of Europe and Science in developing you get the picture. To be Lebanese universities of your choice will be countries. From transfer able to make full use of all were represented around located on a mountain of technology to science clear nights a robotic tele- the table, namely NDU, where night lasts for just a education and formation scope is the obvious the Lebanese University few hours. So what would of scientists and other you be doing during the choice. It will be equipped qualified personnel, this and USJ. This all goes to day while watching for to detect bad weather conditions and it will would provide a basis show that astronomy is the variation of your star? now a popular subject in Now here comes the trick. know what to do each enabling us to contribute Lebanon and that its Set up for yourself a num- and every night. to international space ber of different telescopes exploration and to inter- development can, and at different longitudes One other interesting national research. Putting should be, a national such that, when the Sun argument presented by us back on the science inter-university project. N

26 NNU SPIRIT THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY “The Canadian model is applicable to Lebanon.”

mong those academic experts Avisiting Lebanon whom the Faculty of Political Science, Public Administration and Diplomacy endeavours to present to NDU was Doctor Kamal Dib, a Canadian economist of Lebanese origin. Speaking to NDU President Father Boutros Tarabay, Faculty members, staff and students in Friends Hall on Wednesday, January9, 2003, he took as his subject “The Knowledge-Based Economy and the Principles of Ethics”.

Presenting the speaker, Doctor Antoine Karam, Dean of Business Administration, insisted on the importance of the knowledge- Between Dr. Michel Nehme, Dean FPSPA&D, Dr. Antoine Karam, Dean BA&F, NDU President Father Boutros Tarabay and based economy and explained that Mr. Sueil Matar, Director of Public Relations, Dr. Kamal Dib makes his point. Doctor Dib was an expert in the field who worked for the govern- to follow the Canadian model in ernments as well as on bank ment of Canada and had written advancing human resources devel- deposits from wealthy Arab individ- important books, notably The opment towards the creation of a uals. Instead, Lebanon should move Economic Cost of Blood and knowledge workforce. His central to a productive mode where the real Destruction, Warlords and Merchants, theme was that a country cannot economy prospers and the produc- a History of the Lebanese Business achieve higher productivity without tive economic sectors (farming, Establishment and Orient Gate: Scenes solving social inequality and eradi- manufacturing and services) of Lebanon. Dr. Dib is also a frequent cating poverty. become efficient and lead to a big- contributor of articles of economic ger economy. In the case of Lebanon, the speaker analysis to the An-Nahar newspa- recommended that less emphasis be Dr. Dib explained that solutions are per. placed on improving government available for Lebanon’s economic Doctor Dib introduced such key finances and eliminating the budget woes because the country is concepts as globalisation and its neme- deficit, and instead more effort be endowed with an excellent human sis globalism, the knowledge-based devoted to the provision of a truly resources base, good infrastructure economy and human capital and social universal health care and educa- of roads and public utilities, solid capital. He described the success of tional systems with a proper social tourist attractions, and forty univer- the Canadian economic model and services infrastructure. Lebanon sities and institutions of higher its emphasis on social services, could do much better by creating an learning. Old Age Pension Program and by health and education, adding that it The lecture lasted for forty-five min- addressing child poverty. He also was no accident that Canada was utes and was followed by a question criticised the “rentier” economy in counted among the Group of Seven period. One faculty member asked Lebanon that relies on remittances most industrialised and advanced whether the suggestions could be from Lebanese expatriates in the countries in the world. For its part, implemented in Lebanon in the Arabian Gulf region and West Africa Lebanon, lacking natural resources absence of “the agents of social and a proper economic basis, ought and on assistance from foreign gov-

NNU SPIRIT 27 change”. Dr. Dib answered that the would eradicate poverty and lead agents of change existed in to higher economic growth. Lebanon, including the intellectual Friends group, the academics, the political The higher growth would lead to parties, the writers, and the reli- higher government revenues gious leaders in churches and (g*GDP), and eventually the deficit of NDU mosques, who should be pushing would be eliminated more rapidly. On another occasion, for a modern state with meaningful Social services and support for The Association of the public institutions. Another faculty the mother and child. These would Friends of NDU gave a member argued that there was a lot eliminate the need for interdepen- dinner party in honour of of talk in Lebanon about the prob- dence within families and senior Dr. Kamal Dib with Mrs. lems but no solutions. Dr. Dib said citizens would have a secure source Salma Dick and Mr. that half of what he had said in the of income. Jean-Pierre Sfeir acting lecture was really about solutions, as hosts at the house of and he would summarise them While the solutions sound like the former in Adonis. again as follows: additional spending commitments, Those present included Redirection of government prior- they are in fact an investment in NDU President Father ities away from preoccupation with human resources thoroughly justi- Boutros Tarabay, Public eliminating the budget deficit that fied if compared to the endless Relations Director Mr, would lead to higher taxes and less spending on roads and public Suheil Matar, and per- spending and into more expendi- buildings that Lebanon can ill sonalities representative ture for human resources develop- afford. of business and the pro- ment. fessions. The lecture was followed by a Truly universal health and edu- lunch taken with the teaching body cation programs that eventually of NDU N

LBC-FARES EL-HAGE AWARD

In memory of the late TV producer Fares el-Hage, the Lebanese Broadcasting Company International LBC I has awarded NDU student Nicholas Khabbaz the sum of US$ 3000 for his studies in recognition of his gifts in the field of television production and as an encouragement. Congratulations, Nicholas! -Ed!

28 NNU SPIRIT POLLUTION THE AIR WE BREATHE IN LEBANON

In the framework of a series of seminars organized by the Department of Sciences, Dr. Tony Hage, to whom NDU Spirit is indebted for this report, invited Dr. Robert Hanna to talk about Air Pollution with Examples from Lebanon on December 12, 2002 in the Friends Hall. These seminars primarily target students of ENS 201 (Introduction to Environmental Sciences) to enrich their experience with local environmental issues.

Dr. Hanna has a doctoral skies above London. In the major types of pollutants water pipes into drinking degree in Chemical 19th century, George and divided them into pri- water, damages statues, Engineering and has held March was the first to mary and secondary pol- buildings and car finishes prestigious posts both as a warn human society of the lutants. Primary pollutants and harms plants and researcher and administra- changes caused by defor- are those that are emitted forests. Furthermore, he tor. His posts have includ- estation, desertification, directly into the atmos- spoke about industrial ed associate researcher at extinction of species and phere in a potentially smog and the effect of sul- MIT, and Dean of climate change in his book harmful form. These fur dioxides, a major com- Engineering at both the entitled Nature and Man. include carbon oxides, ponent of industrial smog, Lebanese University and Also in the 19th century, nitrogen oxides, sulfur on the health of humans. Balamand University. He Robert Agnus Smith, a oxides, volatile organic For example, in December is also the author of the British researcher and compounds, lead and par- 1952, a heavy industrial book The Environment and environmental activist, ticulate matter. Secondary smog trapped by an inver- Air Pollution. was a pioneer in the study pollutants are generated sion layer hung over by the reaction of primary London for 10 days and Dr. Hanna started his talk of the distribution of air pollutants and their effects pollutants with one anoth- caused the death of more by defining air pollution er or with the basic com- than 4,000 people. and giving a brief histori- on health. Smith attrib- uted the bleaching of fab- ponents of air to form new cal overview of the identi- Dr. Hanna then outlined ric and clothing and the pollutants. These include fication of air pollution the formation of photo- corrosion of metals to acid sulfuric acid, nitric acid and its effects on humans chemical smog, which is a rain resulting from indus- and photochemical oxi- and the environment. Air mixture of primary and try. dants such as ozone. pollution is the presence secondary pollutants of chemicals in the atmos- Then Dr. Hanna discussed Next he talked about acid formed under the influ- phere in the wrong place the sources of air pollu- deposition. Acid deposi- ence of sunlight. He also and in sufficient quantities tion, which are divided tion results mainly from discussed the cycle that and duration to cause into natural and man- the primary pollutants, leads to the formation of harm to living organisms made sources (anthro- sulfur dioxide and nitro- ozone, which is a respira- and disrupt ecosystems. pogenic). Natural sources gen oxides. In the atmos- tory irritant. Dr. Hanna As far back as the 13th cen- of air pollution include phere they form sec- stressed that it is only in tury, King Edward I per- radon gas, volcanoes, nat- ondary pollutants such as the presence of hydrocar- suaded the English ural fires and natural sulfuric acid and nitric bons that nitrogen dioxide Parliament to issue a organic matter decomposi- acid and particles of acid and solar radiation togeth- decree prohibiting the use tion. Man-made sources forming sulfate and nitrate er form ozone in the tro- of soft coal because of its include mainly industrial salts. Acid deposition posphere, the innermost smoke, dust and ashes, and motor vehicle pollu- leaches toxic metals such layer of the atmosphere. which were filling the tion. He also identified the as lead and copper from He also mentioned the

NNU SPIRIT 29 Dr. Robert Hanna addressing his audience. Dr. Hanna’s large and interested audience took notes. issue of global warming ducted; however, he did inhabitants. In a study Dr. Hanna concluded his which is associated with discuss several studies conducted in 1993, the talk by informing the audi- the release of greenhouse which indicate that air pol- AUB Faculty of Medicine ence that the major con- gases, especially carbon lution and its negative compared the effect of air tributor to air pollution in dioxide. health effects are as much pollution and particulates Lebanon is motor vehicles. from the Zouk power When Lebanon achieved Then he talked about lead a problem in some regions plant on the health of the its independence from pollution, which is caused in Lebanon as they are in inhabitants in this region France in 1948, the num- by arms and ammunition, many more industrialized as compared to the inhabi- ber of cars in the whole lead pipes, smelters, countries. tants of Amchit. In many country did not exceed improper disposal of Although Lebanon is not a ways, the Zouk region is 3,400. In 1998, only 50 household and automo- major industrialized coun- comparable to Amchit years later, there were bile batteries, and leaded try, most of the air pollu- except for the presence of 1,400,000 cars and the gasoline. Tetraethyl lead tion in Lebanon is due to the power plant. This number continues to was discovered by the burning of fossil fuels study showed that the increase steadily. Now Thomas Midgley in 1922 and what industries presence of the Zouk there is one car for every and was considered a release from their smoke- power plant had a direct three persons in Lebanon, great achievement in the stacks. The industries pre- affect on the health of the which is comparable to automobile industry sent in Lebanon are small- inhabitants. Specifically, many industrialized coun- because it is an anti-knock- scale and are mostly con- the percentage of people tries. As has been noted ing agent in engines. centrated in the areas of with respiratory diseases before, one major source However, when leaded Chekka and Selaata. in the Zouk area was more of air pollution from motor gasoline is burned, lead Sources of stationary air than three times the per- vehicles is lead particu- particulates are released pollution include the centage for the residents lates. It has been estimated into the air. When people power plants that use fuel of Amchit. In a different that around 850 kilograms breath in the lead-polluted oil such as the Zouk, Gieh, study conducted by Dr. of lead are released into air, the lead accumulates and Harisheh stations and George Ayoub and Dr. the air of Beirut annually, in the body and causes the plants that use diesel Farid Chaaban, it was primarily from motor brain and other nervous fuel such as those at Tyre, found that the levels of vehicle exhausts. This is system damage, including Zahrani, Deir Amer and sulfur dioxide in the vicin- particularly harmful to mental retardation, espe- Baalbeck. Other major ity of the power plants of people who live or work cially in children. sources of air pollution Zouk and Jiah sometimes on or near major road- Finally Dr. Hanna gave a include the cement and exceeded the maximum ways. For example, traffic general overview about air chemical companies and limit allowed in the United police were found to have pollution in Lebanon. He the burning of solid waste. States. All this air pollution the highest levels of lead noted that there is a lack of It has been documented carries a very high price contamination in their scientific research regard- that before the Amrousieh tag. It has been estimated blood due to their constant ing the extent of the air incinerator was shut that the cost of treating the work-related exposure. pollution in Lebanon and down, physicians in the diseases resulting from air Thankfully, this problem is its effect on people’s area noticed a large num- pollution in Lebanon now being resolved since health since not many ber of cases of respiratory exceeds 130 million dollars most imported gasoline is studies have been con- disease among the local annually. now unleaded. N

30 NNU SPIRIT PIERRE GEMAYEL JR. GUEST OF THE CAMPING CLUB

Mr. Suheil Matar introduces Deputy Perre Gemayel.

n Wednesday, 26th February, 2003, Mr. Pierre OGemayel, Member of Parliament and son of for- mer Lebanese President Amine Gemayel, came to NDU to speak at the invitation of the Camping Club. Beside him on the podium were NDU President Father Boutros Tarabay, the Director Of Public relations Mr. Suheil Matar, Faculty members and staff, and a large number of students. His theme was The Opposition and the Consequences of the Regional Conjuncture.

Mr. Gemayel stressed the importance of the student movement for defending the liberties of the country and of its citizens and asked his audience to remain vig- ilant in front of the dangers threatening the movement. The tempest looming on the regional horizon should not lead to any reliance on external solutions for Lebanon’s internal problems. Addressing both loyalist and opposition circles, he said that only unity would enable the people to face whatever was to happen. Stressing the need for a new electoral law to allow

Lebanese to choose their representatives freely, he Mr. Suheil Matar presents a called on the authorities to restore political balance in token gift from NDU. the running of public business and the maintenance of public order. Referring to the South, he claimed that the State was now using the same slogans that the opposi- tion had been using earlier and for which it had been attacked. He did not object to dialogue with Syria pro- vided that it was based on sincere foundations.

NNU SPIRIT 31 DR. S. SAGHIEH ON OSTEOPOROSIS

REPORT BY DR. NAJAT YAHIA

n January 16th, 2003, the Department of Sciences invit- Oed Dr. S. Saghieh. M.D. “Orthopedic Division, Section of Limb Lengthening & Reconstruction-AUB-MC” to give a lecture about osteoporosis. This is a brief summary of his talk. Dr. Saghieh illustrates his talk.

Osteoporosis is a disease character- until peak bone mass (maximum until their bones become so weak ized by low bone mass and microar- bone density and strength) is that a sudden strain, bump, or fall chitectural deterioration of bone tis- reached around age 30. causes a fracture or a vertebra to col- sue leading to increased bone fragili- After age 30, bone resorption slowly lapse. ty and a consequent increase in frac- begins to exceed bone formation. Risk factors of osteoporosis include: ture risk. Bone is a living growing Osteoporosis develops when bone Weight below healthy range. tissue. It is mostly made of collagen resorption occurs too quickly or if and calcium phosphate. More than A diet low in calcium and vita- replacement occurs too slowly. 99% of the body's calcium is con- min D. tained in the bones and teeth. The Moreover, osteoporosis is more like- Sedentary lifestyle. ly to develop if the bone density did remaining 1% is found in the blood. Low hormone levels associated not reach the optimal bone mass There are two types of bone: com- with menopause. during the bone-building years. In pact and spongy. Each bone in the addition, bone loss is most rapid in Medicines such as corticosteroids body has both types of bone in dif- the first few years after menopause and certain medicines for ferent amounts. The first signs of but persists into the postmenopausal seizures or high blood pressure. osteoporosis are seen in bones that years. Cigarette smoking. have a lot of spongy bone: the hip, spine, and wrist bones. As the struc- In the USA, about 21% of post- Excess alcohol intake. tural integrity of trabecular bone is menopausal women have osteo- For diagnosis, there are several crite- impaired and the cortical bone porosis, and about 16% have had a ria to consider in the light of clinical becomes more porous and thinner, fracture. In women older than 80, evaluation, medical history, risk fac- the bone becomes weaker and more about 40% have experienced a frac- tor assessment tests, bone mineral likely to fracture. ture of the hip, vertebra, arm, or density (BMD) testing, physical pelvis. Throughout lifetime, old bone is examination, DXA diagnosis and removed (resorption) and new bone Osteoporosis is considered a "silent other laboratory tests. Screening is added to the skeleton (formation). disease" because bone loss occurs bone density tests carry no physical Bone formation continues in this without symptoms. People may not risks and screening of patients is way at a pace faster than resorption know that they have osteoporosis important in order to –

32 NNU SPIRIT Dr. Roger Hajjar, Dr. Najat Yahia and Dr. Jean Fares, Dean of Natural and Applied Sciences.

Detect osteoporosis before a frac- Concerning prevention, building the body to absorb calcium. Without ture occurs. strong bones, especially before the enough vitamin D, the body will be Predict the chances of fracturing age of 30, can be the best defense unable to absorb calcium from the in the future. against developing osteoporosis. foods. Experts recommend a daily Besides, having enough calcium intake between 400 and 800 IU per Determine the rate of bone loss intakes, vitamin D, physical activity day, which also can be obtained Monitor the effects of treatment if and a healthy lifestyle can be critical- from fortified dairy products, egg the test is conducted at intervals ly important for keeping bones yolks, saltwater fish and liver. of a year or more. strong. For example, calcium recom- Moreover, exercise plays an impor- mendations are not a "one-size-fits- tant role in preventing osteoporosis. all" prescription. Before prescribing Strength-training exercise can main- calcium, physicians should be aware tain or increase bone mass density of the calcium intake from the and improve muscle mass and patient's diet. The total daily intake strength. Exercise programs should should be at least 1000 mg and not be tailored to the individual. For over 2.500 mg. The bones don't care example, 30 minutes of moderate if the calcium came from food, forti- weight-bearing exercise a day (such fied food, or supplements. Calcium as low impact aerobics, walking, is absorbed better when taken running, lifting weights, tennis, and throughout the day. It should be step aerobics) is recommended. taken at least twice a day. One dose Concerning medication, it is individ- of the calcium should be taken late ualized according to the patient’s in the day and patients with KID- condition. There are several medica- NEY STONES should be cautious. tions such as HRT “hormone Calcium should not be taken in the replacement therapy”, Calcitonin, morning if the patient is also taking a EVISTA and raloxifene. bisphosphonate that day. It will inhibit the absorption of the medica- tion. Also, Vitamin D is needed for

NNU SPIRIT 33 peaking at NDU at the invitation of the Debate Club on Friday, February 28, Safter being presented by the Director of Public Relations Mr. Suheil Matar, the Lebanese Forces representative Mr. Jean (John) Aziz pleaded in front of a large crowd of deans, professors, staff and students for the application of the Taëf Agreement and for a common life bringing together the Christian and Muslim communities in Lebanon. Speaking on The National Pact after the Events of September 11, he defined the Pact as the will of Lebanese to live in common.

Mr. Aziz saw the present international system as one where the USA sought to extend its power while at the same time there was the phenomenon of Islamic fun- TAËF damentalism operating outside the framework of national states. Faced with the latter, the United States was trying to put Muslims in power in non-Arab Muslim states and minorities to the detriment of the majority in Arab Muslim countries in order to provoke an implosion within them through inter-ethnic conflicts. For the Lebanese it was important to live together in a new state structure where there was and neither majority nor minority.

JEAN AZIZ The speaker concluded with the need to apply the Taëf Agreement as a whole for Lebanon to be a “message” of pluralism and freedom as expressed by the Pope and for the country to be spared new conflicts.

NDU INSTRUCTOR CHEVALIER Mr. Elie Marmary is a personality to whom Lebanese wines owe much of their new worldwide reputation and popularity and since 1999 NDU students of Hotel Management and Tourism have been thoroughly enjoying his HTM 443 course of Alcoholic Beverages Appreciation and Bar Management. Since February 20th last, he has enjoyed the high distinction of having been made Chevalier de l’Ordre du mérite agricole by the French government. He received the insignia from the French Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries in person during the International Wine-Tasting Convention held in the Hall of Holiday Inn, place de la République, Paris. After his education at the de la Salle College in Beirut and obtaining a degree in Commercial Science, Mr. Marmary studied wine techniques at Toulouse in France, where he was awarded the Diplôme national d’œnologie. From 1983 to 1994 he was in charge of wine production at Ksara and since then has been active in blending (coupage) and export, as well as being a respected member of international wine-tasting juries. Congratulations!

Mea culpa

We apologise for having mentioned Dr. Walid Assaf as Chairperson of Civil Engineering in our article about the Litani River Prize in our last issue. Dr. Assaf is of course Chairperson of Mechanical Engineering. –Ed.

34 NNU SPIRIT FAAD and ENVIRONMENT

NDU’s FAAD is stepping up its efforts to promote environmentally conscious design, a vital issue for today and tomorrow that unfortunately still draws limited attention in Lebanon. As a step towards improvement in that direction, FAAD invited Dr. Thanos N. Stasinopoulos, an architect from Greece, to launch a workshop, to give a lecture, and to present an exhibition at NDU. Mr. Walid Nader of Libel’ sarl. kindly supported these events.

Dr. Stasinopoulos has worked for many years on environmental architecture. He teaches at the School of Architecture of the National Technical University of Athens, and he has been a visiting lecturer at the Architectural Association Graduate School of London for several years, contributing to its Environment & Energy Studies programme. He has organised several international workshops on sustainable urban design, and he has presented a number of conference papers on various environmental topics. In addition to doing teaching and research, Dr. Stasinopoulos has applied environmental principles in several design projects in Greece, bridging theory and practice.

NNU SPIRIT 35 Dr. Stasinopoulos was invited to with the effects of climatic factors in ingly characterised by an environmen- cooperate with Mr. Habib Melki, the use of built space, the students tal and social crisis. So our academic Chairperson of the Design are encouraged to explore the pro- duty is to seek and teach another kind of Department of FAAD and with Mr. ject area with a critical eye and architectural attitude, one that can seri- Aram Yeretzian, Instructor at point to existing positive and nega- ously contribute to a sustainable FAAD, in setting up a workshop for tive environmental and functional future.” nd features, having in mind diurnal NDU students between the 22 The lecture was delivered on and 29th of January, 2003. The work- and seasonal variations. Following Monday, 27th January, 2003, at 6 shop focused on a coastal section of their observations, they are asked to Jounieh, between the local Town suggest alterations and additions to p.m. in NDU’s Friends Hall. Hall and the Fouad Chehab redress the weak points that they Next to the lecture, there was Stadium. Four teams of 3rd year stu- come across.” an exhibition of three projects dents studied the current condi- During his staying with FAAD, by Dr. Stasinopoulos (two tions in the area and presented their Dr. Stasinopoulos gave a private houses and a public ideas about practical interventions lecture titled “Function, Fiction, square in Greece), which that would improve the environ- Friction –environmental crisis integrated principles of mental aspects of outdoor spaces in architecture education.” environmental design in and the adjacent buildings. practice. “This exercise addresses an issue “The lecture is a brief depiction of that currently draws little attention” the current environmental status of “Today’s architectural theory and Dr. Stasinopoulos said, and he the planet, compared with 30 years practice are apart and at growing explained as follows: “The wide- ago,” said Dr. Stasinopoulos. “Such distance, although they should spread lack of climatic considera- ‘time travel’ gives us a hint about the interact closely with each other,” tions in contemporary building extend of changes that we should expect said Dr. Stasinopoulos. “The pro- design is usually counterbalanced after 30 years. By that time our stu- jects exhibited are examples of an by costly mechanical means; but dents will be using the tools we give effort to merge abstract principles such artificial methods cannot be them today, so it is very important to about sustainable design etc. with applied outdoors, where the only look at those future conditions that will the commands of practice, where feasible way is to resort to natural shape the needs, the ideas and the prior- intentions are diluted in the restric- forces. This ‘natural’ approach was ities of the next generation. tions of reality. They are also meant honoured by traditional builders Contemporary architecture has been to show that sustainable design and communities for many cen- dealing with aesthetics and semiotics for does not mean fancy solar collec- turies before the era of electricity more than 20 years, bypassing pressing tors, windmills or conservatories, and oil.” problems that keep growing in absentia but straightforward building design of architecture. It is no surprise that we with a dash of common sense and For his part, Professor Habib added: sensitivity for the forces of Mother- “So, in order to become familiar hear more and more about an ‘identity crisis of architecture’ in a world increas- Nature.”

36 NNU SPIRIT POETRY RECITATION

At midday on Friday, 24 January, 2003, we took advantage of the kind invitation of Dr. Naji Oueijan to hear his seven students of LIR 302-Introduction to Poetry reciting poems of their own composition. We had the company of Dr. Amal Yazigi, Chairperson of the Department of English and Education, Dr. Norman Nikro and Dr. Paul Jahshan. Céline Eid and Nelly Kmeid in particular are to be congratulated on the clarity of their elocution. –Ed.

Reina Abi Aoun: Alone in the Darkness Celine Aoun: The Dread of Fate Alone in the darkness, Forget the trees and blow in my heart! I search for a glimpse of light Rain tears in my depth, and quench my sorrow! And wait for Hope to rescue my fears. Drift the shaking waves, and move my gloomy marks! Alone in the darkness, And snow soon to irrigate my hollow breast! I sweat with tears When hearts rest after a long shining day, And wait for someone to bring me cheers. The sea receives its brilliant sparkling ray. And sinking down from the distant sad sky, A sleepless night it is; The old day and its beauty dive and die. But whoever shall knock at my door first The moon swerves the empty spaces; Is someone I still know not. People move from distant places. Lying on my bed They try in vain to reach the beach, And gazing with rainy eyes, But Hope deceives when Destiny cheats. I wonder: “Is it pain or fear?” I hope people will understand Maybe it is dying thoughts That the dread of fate is at hand traveling in the darkness, Helplessly lost and filled with confusion of Sandra Bechara: A Radiant Smile “What to do?” and “Where to go?” The.wind blows and sways my trees, “Should I wait or fight?” Coming full force with strength and ease. Shadows of madness invaded my mind; I lean; I stumble; I get swept away; I could hardly breathe or see... And all my fears and worries are awake. And the clock screams “tic tac tic tac...” My ship is swaying; the bell is ringing; A madness of rage, the waves are bringing. Oh God! Please make it stop! Such intense emotions they depict, “Tic tac tic tac...” And lots of anger they predict. Oh God! Please let it drop! But as I rock to and fro, I learn to be strong. “Tic tac tic tac...” I hold on to friends I had for long. Oh Jesus! Please send someone at my door to Then I appreciate the sun, the light, and the summer breeze; knock! And I walk in a fine day, and breathe and breathe. “Nok nok nok...” And when the sky starts crying with all its might, Then silence reigned; I wait anxiously and enjoy the sight. “Nok nok nok...” Knowing that the sun once again will shine And my life I gained. A radiant smile spreads around me; I am fine.

NNU SPIRIT 37 Céline Eid: My Prayer Rita Hleilel: Love Song Oh little white Lamb among cruel wolves! Are you still asking me what to you I mean, I am an imposter. Are you still searching for an answer When you are my only care, I am a Judas. And your smile to that of kings I would prefer, I am a Peter denying his master. And when hours by your side The Romans scorned your majesty, Are seconds in my sight? As You held my burdens on the Cross, Are you still asking what to you I mean? And as my lusty thorns pinched Your divine head. Are you still searching in the depth of the sea? My hands hammered those nails, When your sadness becomes mine, Which pierced Your wounds. And your happiness makes me feel fine, I fed Your thirst with vinegar, And when your presence gives meaning to my life, You need not ask or for an answer strive. But You shed Your blood like wine If you still ask if your love I’ll deny, To wipe my sins and purge my human soul. You are a fool, for I am yours till I die. Oh little white Lamb among cruel wolves! To You I fly, Nelly Kmeid: Happy Silent Night And like a baby I crawl Silent night! To rest in your fatherly arms, You cannot not make me sleepy; Emotions are boiling in my soul; As I feed on Your sacred body And happiness fills me. And quench my thirsty spirit I want to jump, to run, to play; With Your sacred blood. I feel like a baby on a bright day, My heart so fast is beating; Roula El Ghourayeb: Elegy to my Aunt And emotions in me are dancing. The dispossession of a special age, Far shining stars swaying in the calm dark sky! The deprivation of a person’s health, Agreeable moon fluctuating in this splendid calm The turning point of the last page night! Is an ugly demon called Death. And soft musical breeze! Are you as happy as I am? Oh! Gorgeous harmony! What a wonderful sight! A pale horse comes one day to take away Oh! Tranquil and melodious night! A mother whose children begged her to stay. Thy beauty mirrors my joyful days. She left this world to meet with Christ Magical nature! In you the work of God lies. And to take care of her children all day and night. For these lovely moments to Him my gratitude flies. She went to guard all of them from above And to spray them with her divine love. So many undone things were deserted; So many unsaid words were aborted. Five little girls and a lonely father? Lord! How hard is the loss of a mother!

38 NNU SPIRIT SPORTS OFFICE NEWS

Wednesday, 11th December, Universities Volleyball semi-finals NDU 2, LAU 1. 2 1 From the 9th to the 12th December, 2002, NDU hosted the Lebanese USEK , Balamand . Universities Volleyball Championship on the NDL School Thursday, 12th December, final premises in collaboration with the Lebanese Universities Sports Federation. NDU took first place and USEK second. NDU 2, USEK 1 (the rounds: The results were as follows: 25/20, 25/20, 26/24) The distribution of prizes took place Monday, 9th December Tuesday, 10th December in Friends Hall on NDU Main Campus on Thursday, 19th AUST (American University of Science NDU 2, AUST 0. December, 2002, under the patron- and Technology ) 2, AUB 1. LAU 2, LU (Lebanese University) 1. age of H.E. Sbouh Hovivian, LAU (Lebanese-American University) Balamand University 2, Anthonine Minister of Youth and Sports, and in 2 1 , Arab University . University 0. the presence of Judge Nasri Lahoud, Anthonine University 2, USJ (St. USEK (Holy Spirit University – Kaslik) President of the Higher Judicial Council, and of NDU President Joseph’s University) 1. 2, AUT 1. AUT (American Technological Father Boutros Tarabay. University) 2, Military Academy 1. The proceedings opened with the playing of the National Anthem and a few words of introduction from Mr. Suheil Matar, NDU Director of Public Relations and Advisor to the NDU President, after which the prizes were distributed. This was fol- lowed by a few words each from Judge Nasri Lahoud and His Excellency Minister Sbouh Hovivian. The guests were then taken on a tour of the construction site of the NDU Sports Complex, after which they enjoyed lunch in the University Table tennis action. restaurant. Lebanese Universities Sports Federation: Squash, Chess and Table Tennis Championships

The Squash Championship was organised by Balamand University, where it was held on the 13th, 14th and 15th December, 2002, with the participation of 42 students from a number of universities. The 1st and 5th places were taken by two stu- dents from NDU, Rony Maatouk General Elias Hanna, Director of the Student Affairs Office, his assistant Dr. Ziad Fahed, Sports Office Director George and Philip Najm respectively. Nader, Assistant Director Elias Boutros and winners of the NDU Table Tennis Tournament, men.

NNU SPIRIT 39 The Chess Championship was held on December 13th at Hawaii University, with the participation of 16 teams. The NDU team took 3rd place. It was composed of Elias Nassar, Charbel Saad, Elie Abou Jaoudeh, Rabih Samara and Joseph Daou. The Table Tennis Championships, for men and women, also were held on the campus of Hawaii University on December 13th, with the participa- tion of 52 men players from different universities. Mark Osta of NDU took second place. In the women’s cham- Chess instructor Mr. Hassan al-Jindi with the winners of the Chess Tournament. pionship 26 players took part; Rana rd Marsha of NDU came 3 . 22 players took part in the chess tournament, which followed Swiss regula- 30 NDU Table Tennis and Chess tions. There were six sessions, each of which lasted one hour, allowing minutes for each player’s moves. They took place on January 16th, 20th, 21st Tournaments and 23rd. The points gained by the leading players were as follows:

Between January 16th and 23rd, the 1st Elie Abou Jaoudeh 5 points; 2nd Sharbel Saad 5 points; 3rd Elias Nassar Sports Office held a table tennis 5 points; 4th Oliver Rashwan 4.5 points; 5th Sharbel Abboud 4.5 points; tournament and a chess tournament 6th Rabih Samara 4 points; 7th Anthony Taouk 4 points; 8th Joseph Daou for students of NDU. 36 men and 12 3 points; 9th Sharbel Briady 3 points; 10th Albert Sadeq 3 points; young ladies took part in the table 11th 3 12th 2.5 tennis, the results of which were as Bedros Shamelian points; Ziad Abboud points. follows: LATE NEWS MEN The following tournaments and competitions have been inscribed in 1st. Charles Maalouf the Sports Office programme: • FSUL Snowboard Championship, Faqra, Saturday, 29/03/2003. 2nd. Patrick Rumeily • Friendly Volleyball game vs USJ, Mont La Salle, Thursday, 3/04/2003. 3rd. Suheil Abou Rujeily • Judo Tournament, Balamand University, Saturday, 17/04/2003 WOMEN Due to weather conditions, games and tournaments due to be held in recent weeks were postponed as follows: st nd 1 . Rana Marshy 2 . Rana • Football Tournament at Balamand University on Monday, Abou al-Hana 3rd. Hala 31/03/2003. Lahd • Handball Tournament at Beirut Arab University on Monday, The tournaments were supervised 31/03/2003. by the NDU Director of Sports Mr. The following results are to hand at the time of going to press: George Nader with the help of the Assistant Director of the Sports FSUL Snowboard Championship, Faqra: Office Mr. Elias Boutros, the Table First Place (Men): Zaher El Hajj (NDU) Tennis Instructor Mr. Michel First place (women): Lina Rahme (NDU) Rizkallah and Chess Instructor Mr. Hassan al-Jindi. Medals were dis- Friendly games (LAU Beirut Stadium and IC) tributed to the winners by the Director of the Student Affairs Office Volleyball (men), NDU vs LAU Beirut, LAU Stadium: 3 – 0 General Elias Hanna, Assistant Volleyball (men), NDU vs USJ, Mont La Salle Stadium: 3 – 0 Director Dr. Ziah Fahed, Sports Volleyball (women), NDU vs LAU Beirut, LAU Stadium: 3 – 0 Office Director Mr. George Nader and Assistant Director Mr. Elias Basketball (men), NDU vs LAU Beirut, LAU Stadium: 76 – 72 Boutros. Football, NDU vs LAU Beirut, IC Stadium, 4 – 2

40 NNU SPIRIT JNOUN NIGHT NDU Social Club

On Friday January 24, the NDU Social Club held its annual party in the Registration Hall, Main Campus. A lively atmosphere was created by the participation of the famous singer Zein El Omar and the artist Hayfa, renowned for her beauty. The students thoroughly enjoyed themselves with singing, dancing, and eating and drinking delicious refreshments, despite the noticeable absence of alcoholic drinks.

Such events prove that the University is the students’ home from home, providing them friendship, fun and entertainment as well as education. The Social Club promises many other lively events in the Spring semester.

The cake, with the cover of the first issue, ready to be cut. SOCIAL Magazine by Social CLUB

The members of the Social Club have released the first issue of their magazine, marking the occasion with the cutting of a large cake on the Campus. This first issue includes an interview with former Miss Lebanon Joelle Behlok, recently an NDU student, as well as covering social and cultural activities in the University. – Good Luck! –Ed.

A keen crowd around the cake.

NNU SPIRIT 41 NORTHERN STAR

was a great pleasure for his attachment to this princi- and comments on articles, It the editorial staff of ple rather than by his obses- reserving only the editorial NDU Spirit to receive the sec- sion with results in competi- right to answer. ond issue of Northern Star tion. Without denying the We draw attention to the coming from NDU North important role of competition lyrics of Thoughts of Light by Lebanon Campus. We highly and championships, one can NDU-NLC student Jonah appreciate the moral and cul- only regret that the tendency Tebaa, performed by Karin tural values expressed in to regard certain martial arts Moumdian to music by Walid Desiderata, A Vision for the as Olympic sports has done el-Massih. This won second Future and Culture. There is an them much harm throughout prize at a competition held in excellent article illustrated in the world. th colour about Aikido by Paul Peak Hall on February 8 to Kadissi sensei, who insists on Dlala El-Souri’s photography choose between 25 anti-drug the essential moral and educa- and title STOP exhaust fumes video clips. It is played regu- Radio One 105.5 FM tive nature of the martial arts. are highly creditable. The larly on . All the great masters of Judo Hyde Park corner is dedicated There are some short contri- and Karate also have empha- to student opinion. We would butions in Arabic. The publici- sised that the martial arts have like to point out that here at ty on the last page sets an a moral purpose and any NDU Spirit we would eagerly example of good taste. – Ed. instructor must be judged by welcome letters of opinion SOCIALSOCIAL On May 5, 2002, the wedding of Houda Kayrouz, gradu- On October 26, 2002, the wedding of Nancy Khoury, ate of FAAD, with Mr. Rabih Tarek, at Our Lady of until recently of the NDU staff, with Mr. George Jurdy, Lebanon Church, Hillside, Chicago, Illinois, USA. They at Saidet et-Talleh Church, Deir el-Qamar, Shouf, are seen here with Monsignor Victor Keyrouz. Lebanon.

42 NNU SPIRIT RISK MANAGEMENT and TERRORISM INSURANCE

BY DR. RASHID V. SABER

Before being Assistant Professor of Management in the Faculty of BA&E at NDU, Dr. Rashid Saber was Regional Director of the Crisis Management Division with American International Underwriters in Chicago. He worked on risk management and loss prevention Specialty Risk Insurance programs on a global scale for a number of international corporations in the USA and Europe.

Introduction Specialty Risk Insurance world’s largest insurance organiza- tion, have been offering (PRI) to Today the world is a more danger- cover loss of overseas assets due to On September 11, 2001, the insur- confiscation, expropriation, nation- ous place than it was a decade ago. ance industry faced a massive man- The threat of terrorism has arisen alization, kidnap and ransom, and made disaster, resulting in the great- terrorism risk, while war and along with nuclear proliferation est insurance losses in history and among “rogue regimes”. New chal- nuclear attacks are excluded from the highest death toll in any one coverage provided by both carriers. lenges are confronting governments insured event. Insurance companies and international business have been dealing in, and largely Losses Assessment The political risk insurance (PRI) profiting from, the disaster business market has grown and branched out for centuries, but rarely have they into more sophisticated business had such a bad run of catastrophic Following the September 11 attacks services in order to meet the ever- losses in so short a period. For exam- on the World Trade Center, the increasing demands of global busi- ple, Typhoon Mireille (Japan, 1991) complexity of insurance claims ness. Over the last few years the PRI caused $ 4.5 billion loss, Hurricane breaks new ground. Over 5000 peo- market has been able to enhance its Andrew (USA, 1992) caused $ 15.5 ple were killed or reported missing, own ability to provide insurance billion loss, the World Trade Center but life insurance claims are relative- coverage for ever larger and more (USA, 1993) caused $ 0.5 billion loss, ly easy to assess. However, two sis- complex customers. Northridge Earthquake (USA, 1994) ter firms specializing in brokering caused $ 2.5 billion loss, and Tropical government Treasury Bonds, As market deregulation sweeps the Storm Allison (USA, 2001) caused $ Cantor Fitzgerald and e-Speed, had world, countries are opening their 2.5 billion loss. their offices in One W.T.C. and 700 doors and forging powerful eco- of their 1000 employees were casual- nomic alliances, but to every new The demand for specialty – “exotic” ties on September 11. Industry international business opportunity a – insurance cover remains excessive- experts estimate life insurance slew of risks is attached. The key to ly high, whereas very few insurance claims to top $ 5 billion, emanating sound risk management in an inter- underwriters are willing to provide from different types of insurance national environment is to find a coverage even with restricted policy policies: private individual life balance between loss prevention terms and limited capacity. Lloyd’s insurance, corporate life insurance measures that companies can take to of London, the world’s largest insur- (usually 2 or 3 times the employee’s protect themselves and the risk ance exchange, a major source of annual salary) and key-personnel transfer programs afforded by insur- specialty insurance, and American life insurance plan, average $ 1 to 5 ance companies. International Group (A.I.G.), the million per person.

NNU SPIRIT 43 The September attack also brought The Government The Insurance Bill claims for business interruption from Assistance Role policy holders in various business sectors and in different geographical During the 1990s, companies could locations (duty-free shop operators Insurance companies may have an underwrite coverage at a loss as they at Miami Airport, principals of the ally in their repudiation of most could use the cash-flow from premi- Carnival cruise liner, owners of casi- claims in view of the War Exclusion ums and invest it in the equity mar- nos in Las Vegas, etc.) clause in property insurance pro- ket for a sound return. But the over- grams, for in his speech of all costs for insurance of the September 11 President Bush brand- Property Damages Forecast September 11 attacks have been put ed the attacks as an Act of War. But at $ 70 billion. US companies are ducking such claims might back-fire expected to pay out half the amount. In America the War Exclusion clause on the insurance industry. Moreover Insurance providers hardest hit features in each property insurance the Afghanistan war has exacerbated include Lloyd’s of London ($ 2.7 bil- policy, while there is silence about an already nervous insurance mar- Terrorism coverage, which remains ket. lion loss), Berkshire Hathaway ($ 2.5 available upon the request of the billion loss), Munich Re ($ 2 billion insured, subject to an added premi- Following the attacks, driven by loss), Swiss Re ($ 1.5 billion loss), um. national interests involved in private Allianz ( $ 1 billion loss), Zurich-Re ( sectors concerned with drafting ter- $ 1 billion loss) and A.I.G., Score, The structures of W.T.C. (both tow- rorism insurance, governments in CNA, Cigna and St. Paul for lesser ers) were insured for $ 3.2 billion, the industrial world will let the pri- amounts. plus $ 1.2 billion coverage against vate sector pick up the first-loss layer business interruption loss. United and themselves assume the exces- Airlines and American Airlines, sive-loss layer. The government poli- Conclusion whose aircraft crashed into W.T.C., cies have two aims, avoiding a col- were insured against third party lia- lapse of the insurance industry and The American insurance industry is bility for $ 1.75 billion per single providing proper terrorism coverage event. Insurance companies are for domestic fixed assets so that they likely to get away without any major debating whether to consider the will not be vulnerable to unpre- bankruptcy; survivors being gener- attacks as a single event or as a dictable perils. ally well capitalized organizations, series, since some pertinent insur- the demand for their services will ance policies carry a single limit of The US Senate has debated whether increase. Premiums have already liability while others bear a com- the American Government should been marked up; health care is bined (aggregate) limit of liability. be the insurer of last resort, as con- expected to rise by 20% and insur- The US government will assume the glomerates facing many claims from ance for apartments in major cities property loss in the Pentagon struc- September 11 think it should. In by 100 – 300 %. Sky-rocketing premi- ture as most government buildings December 2002, the American ums have forced insurance buyers to are self-insured. Congress passed a bill authorizing impose purchasing discipline on the Treasury Department to provide their risk transfer policy. At the same The Association of Trial Lawyers of insurance coverage for losses in time the shortage in market capacity America, personal injury lawyers, excess of $ 10 billion up to $ 100 bil- has forced the insurance organiza- have called for a moratorium on civil lion in the event of a terrorist attack tions to scrutinize their underwrit- suits related to the attack. Possible occurring on United States soil. E.U. ing exposures and to become more defendants in litigation, apart from governments have agreed to provide selective in the use of their capital. the two airlines, include Boston and one-month terrorism coverage for This trend will continue for some New York airport security firms, uninsurable or under-insurable time, while industry barriers go Boeing and Airbus the aircraft assets in Europe. The US Congress higher, available insurance capacity builders, The Port Authorities of passed an emergency act for paying is limited and demands for specialty New York and New Jersey on American national airlines back for account of a joint ownership of their terrorism insurance up to 180 coverage rise. At this juncture a well- W.T.C., architects and builders, the days, and worked on a rescue plan managed insurance carrier will take leasing company Silverstein for the insurance industry where the advantage of this business opportu- Consortium, the US Federal Aviation latter would assume the first $ 10 bil- nity to capitalize on it and to put to Administration, the Massachusetts lion in claims and the Government work its competitive advantage. Port Authority and the insurance would pick up 90% of the balance in broker (for supplying inadequate excess of the sum; however, during For the purposes of NDU Spirit this limit of liability on the W.T.C. insur- December 2001 the bill was stalled in paper has been shortened slightly ance programs.) the Senate. and updated. –Ed.

44 NNU SPIRIT CHILD SITE Architecture project by Chady Bteich

ARE WE PROVIDING OUR CHILDREN WITH ADEQUATE PHYSICAL SETTINGS FOR THEIR DEVELOPMENT?

WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE NATURE OF CHILDREN’S INTERACTIONS WITH THE BUILT-UP ENVIRONMENT?

HOW CAN WE APPLY OUR KNOWLEDGE OF CHILDREN AND THEIR DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS TO THE DESIGN OF APPROPRIATE SPACES FOR THEM? According to THOMAS G. DAVID As physical settings, schools are built Project concept development: AND CAROL SIMON WEINSTEIN, to foster the learning theme rather the physical environment for chil- than the child development theme, The project is divided into two parts, dren has tended to be fragmented, and it is the former theme which has one where individual and group being built with no coordination been implemented in Lebanese insti- activities take place and another between architect and psychologist. tutions for children. where occasional activities take place, both being reached by a path Researchers based in schools of The hypothesis of our project may which introduces the child to its architecture, which are primarily be stated as follows: physical environment. interested in the improvement of If development is fostered in the child’s design, may never encounter child physical environment, then the growth In what ways does the child derive development experts investigating of society is better assured. meaning, purpose, form, and struc- spatial cognition in the laboratory. ture from its physical surroundings? So our aim here is to design a physi- Traditional experimental studies in cal environment that is appropriate Passing along the transparent con- child development research, for for a child’s development. The gen- tainer, by osmosis the child accumu- example, might define environment eral development of the child may lates cognitions of the physical space in terms of the type of toys provided be divided as follows: he is entering. His thoughts, memo- in an otherwise barren observation Personal identity development ries, beliefs, values, ideas and prefer- room. Environmental psychologists (personal identity; individuation), ences and meanings are related to have focused their attention on vari- the physical setting. (Osmosis: a Cognitive development (prob- ables such as density or privacy or gradual, often unconscious, process lem-solving and reasoning; con- the “degree of openness” of design. of assimilation or absorption. cept formation; imitation/memo- In contrast, designers may define the American Heritage dictionary) ry; and association/classification), critical dimensions of settings in The use of the path fosters the sense terms of physical properties such as Spatial cognitive development (spatial coding), of place identity that is conceived as scale, texture and light, or of more the substructure of the person's self- abstract attributes such as mood. Perception development. identity.

NNU SPIRIT 45 According to Proshansky, Fabian, The Duffy is situated in front of the The development of logical thought and Kaminof, the child psycholo- entrance. It is constituted of planes is highly dependent on logico-math- gists, "Certain spaces and places, separated by an empty physical ematical classification, seriation and because they are ‘owned’, familiar, space. As the child enters and starts the concept of number. and useful and can be controlled, moving along the elliptical periph- The physical setting is constituted of satisfy and maintain the integrity of ery, the Duffy starts to separate. The unit objects that are assimilated the child’s sense of self, including combination of Duffy 2-dimensional together in a geometrical manner. the definition of that self." images forms the whole, and the This assimilation is based upon the combination of two consecutive 2-d The control of space is concretized articulation of solid and void to form images provide a useful space to when the child perceives from the the object contained. play in. The assimilation between path neutral objects inside that he the two consecutive images and the Perceiving and manipulation of unit has no control over from the outside. useful space introduces the aware- objects with other unit objects devel- The transparent container disap- ness of the three-dimensional object ops the concepts used in logical pears (is no more perceived) as the that has width, depth, and height. thought. Perceiving and experi- child gets within the physical space. menting depends on the manipula- As he plays, wanders, and fantasizes The concavity of the ellipse in the tion and seriation of unit objects. within the mitochondrion, the vertical and horizontal planes pro- This idea is based upon the theory of objects contained are controlled by vides a physical obstacle between cognitive development elaborated the child's actions and space indul- the adult supervisor and the child. by Piaget. gence and perception. The object The adult has to go down on his or contained becomes imprinted on the her knees and lean down in order to Zone 3, age 7 to 12: concrete opera- child as long as he plays within the invade the child's space. tional stage of child development: space, sees the object moving, and creates a corner for his exhibition Zone 2, age 3 to 7: pre-operational During this stage, children are char- place and for his privacy. stage of child development: acterized by 1) a more logical man- ner of thinking, 2) a start to overcom The path connects with two Children at this age are character- ing egocentricity, 3) learning the entrances for the project, which are ized by 1) unawareness of the princi- idea of reversibility, 4) conceptualiz- provided to facilitate the process of pal of conservation, 2) the use of ing in the mind without seeing the sorting the children on their way to symbols and make-believe, 3) ego- action, and 5) a better understanding the inside, according to the criteria of centricity and little capacity for logi- of time and place, but 6) a continued number and character. cal thought limitation of powers of abstract The in-project entrance filters chil- An ascending ramp is provided to thinking. dren according to age on the basis of enable the child between age 3 and The zone devoted to them establish- Piaget's stages of child development: age 12 to reach its physical setting. es a relation between object and Zone 1: age 0 to 3 Moreover, the child has to pass over trace and discontinuity between Zone 2: age 3 to 7 a bridge above zone 1 to arrive there. objects. Objects (physical settings) Zone 3: age 7 to 12 The bridging ramp that is recom- are arranged along the vertical plan mended by child psychiatrists fos- to constitute a grid in the vertical Zone 1, age 0 to 3: sensorial-motor ters the child’s sense of self. It devel- plan. Physical settings for encoun- stage of child development: ops the sense of challenge and tering an activity tend to disappear strengthens self-esteem. It develops Children at this early age are charac- and reappear in different horizontal a sense of the force of gravity and terized by 1) inability to represent plans of different levels. A stairway improves balance. three-dimensional objects, 2) unawareness of object permanence, 3) little motor competence, 4) aware- ness of images and faces, 5) no awareness of time and space and 6) no spatial coding. The zone is constituted of an ellipse elongated and without an edge, hav- ing the same touch along the periph- eral envelope, uninterrupted space, a free plan with no separation, and orientation by the child himself by a landmark, "the Duffy".

46 NNU SPIRIT rather than a ramp is installed so Different types of places are provid- Since Child Site is an experimental that the child relates physical setting ed, private/public, introverted/extro- project, it is preferable for it to be to time better than that in Zone 2, verted, and individual/group. located in the lower zone of where a ramp is provided. A media The relation between inside and out- Keserwan, with Jounieh the starting center fosters more logical thinking. side fosters the child’s sense of iden- point of the development. The physical setting and the paths of tity of place. circulation are labyrinthine in form II- Justification of the site: so as to favor the sense of discovery The physical setting provides multi- and are more transparent so as to perceptual scenes that help the child Geographically, the site is situat- help overcome egocentricity. Dead- to discover and explore the space. ed at the entrance of Jounieh end pathways, planned on the basis from the highway. It is also situ- of the child’s spatial coding, reverse Individuation, it is said, “begins ated on minor roads connected to the child’s action within the space. with the infant and evolves through the inner part of Jounieh. Incidentally, laboratory studies for sensory and perceptual experi- this age are based on more elaborate ences.” scientific experiments. The site is located in the center of the town’s activity. A physical setting is provided that Site analysis: fosters child development. The Municipality desires the I- Location analysis: The child is in constant movement development of a site for chil- here, due to the vertical circulation The project is a communal type, one dren in this particular site. and displacement of functions. that serves a certain number of indi- Related functional settings are situ- viduals in our society. So examples There is a need for a site for chil- ated each one in a different place should be built over the whole dren where they can be looked and at a different time. region of Lebanon. after while their parents go shop- ping nearby and which is a com- There is no lining up. The physical Choice of sites depends on several plement to the activity of the setting perceptually traces lines that criteria affected by different consid- Jounieh Stadium. help the child to direct himself and erations. to move from one place to another. In short, Lebanon should be divided The particular site is the most into regions in each of which the There is a dynamic arrangement of suitable one available in Jounieh. physical setting involving the articu- above criteria are to be applied. The first choice for my project is lation of forms and anti-forms. The There are three child institutions dynamic aspect of the architecture Keserwan, to be divided into differ- nearby in the form of three reflects the dynamic movement of ent zones according to the above cri- schools. the child. teria. Any construction on the site will Criterion Affect: be clearly visible from anywhere around. Density Area of the physical setting. Culture dimension Type and character of the project, child site Jounieh is chosen as the location of Social dimension Type and character of the project, child site the first experimental child develop- mental center since it is typical of Physical environment Extent of nature intervention, to balance that of region Lebanese cities and offers a site near Visibility Encouraging participation; ease of transmitting the message the center of urban activity near the Accessibility Encouraging participation; ease of transmitting the message Stadium with easy access to and from the highway joining the North Architecture dimension Integration in the environment of Lebanon with Beirut.

NNU SPIRIT 47 TRANSLATING POETRY AN ART, NOT A

his is an extract made by Dr. and speak with our words.” The TAmal Malek from a presentation translated lines should have the on Computer Translation given by same effect on the reader as the orig- her in the NDU Millennium series inal ones. of conferences in May, 2002. Problems in translation

A traditional view of translation How effective can translating poetry from its original language into another be? And, what are the spe- Madame de Staël wrote: “The most cific problems of translating from eminent service one can render to French to English? The skill of the literature is to transport the master- translator and the nature of the lan- pieces of the human spirit from one Translation is sometimes regarded as guages in question are only two of language to another.” On the other a superior type of literary criticism, the factors on which the effective- hand, Milan Kundera said, “Death to combining the creative and the criti- ness of translation depends. As All who dare rewrite what has been cal. Translating poetry is the most David Connolly admits, “poetry written. Impale them and roast them difficult of all translations. Not only translation does entail some degree over a slow fire! Castrate them and does one have to render the mean- of loss”; however, he also agrees that cut off their ears!” ing of the original poem, but also the it is “the translator’s task to minimize “form, rhythm, sounds, harmony, the loss.” On the other hand, Daniel So here we have two extremes. In and tone” have to remain intact. Weissbort, in Translating Poetry, the past, translators added their own addresses “the practical problems of imprint to the work, much as musi- The translator must clearly under- transplanting a text from one culture cians interpret the music they play. stand the content and the subject to another with its resonance and Modern readers, however, prefer a matter, and should master the lan- nuances as intact as humanly possi- more literal translation, content over guage of translation with its charac- ble.” He also explains the translator’s form. The skilled translator must teristics of diction, patterns of role as a “mediator between cul- unravel literary work in one lan- speech, and subtleties, in order to tures”. How can machine translation guage and put it together, while present the richness of the language act as a cultural mediator? retaining the power of the structure being translated into. and, indeed, the meaning. Imagine A good translator will be able to “Translation is, of course, a rewriting trying to translate jokes into a lan- express the author’s intention while of an original text.” All translations, guage where the same things are “miraculously preserving the charac- regardless of their intentions, reflect just not funny! Humor, which is cul- teristics of both languages.” an ideology and poetics. Rewritings tural, does not translate well. Poetry, can reflect new concepts and new When we are translating poetry, which is also cultural, depends so devices and demonstrate the influ- “the poet’s spirit must come over us often on what is not said. ence of one culture on another.

48 NNU SPIRIT IN THE COMPUTER AGE: TECHNICAL PROCESS!

DR. AMAL MALEK, Ass. Professor, NDU

More specifically, hidden meanings, What is lost in the translation? Poe could have used the word soul as metaphors, symbols, subtle innuen- well as spirit, but the French esprit, which means mind and spirit rather dos and other literary devices are a One problem in translating French into English is word order. When a than âme, meaning soul, would have major part of poetry. In order to con- typical English sentence is translat- caused confusion. Words have dif- vey these techniques into another ed, about 50% of the words end up ferent connotations in different lan- language and culture, a translator in a different position in the corre- guages. For instance, tristesse is weaker than gloom, and a bleak win- should not only have a mastery of sponding French sentence. In French, adjectives often appear after ter is stronger than a froid hiver (cold words, rhythm and rhyme, but also the nouns they modify; for example, winter). a knowledge of the cultural implica- the red car (adjective, then noun) tions involved. Again, how can this becomes l’automobile rouge (noun, To reiterate, translating involves then adjective). Translating from much more than looking for the best be done by machine translation? In one language to another also linguistic equivalent. It is agreed that addition, poetry lends itself to inter- changes the tone of the poem. the translator must be faithful to the pretation and it is therefore impossi- French, for example, is a more con- text, but faithfulness consists of servative and traditional language ble to “translate” a poem without recreating the cultural atmosphere than English. One language allows along with the choice of words and subjective additions and alterations for a richer display of emotions, sounds. to the meaning intended. while the other adopts a more restrained stance. In comparing the Translating a poem with accurate two dramatic works of Edgar Allen Clearly, translating poetry is more words is not enough; rather, convey- Poe and Baudelaire, for instance, we than rendering meaning, rhythm and rhyme in another language. It is ing the meaning in the spirit of the can see that Poe, in The Fall of the House of Usher, expresses his feelings recreating the poem in a different author is essential. Furthermore, with more control, while Baudelaire language, while keeping the subtle translating the true essence of a in Les Fleurs du Mal expresses himself nuances and the spirit of the original poem requires understanding a dif- fully, with extravagance and excess. author. The solution is not a com- puterized terminological database, ferent time, culture and context, in Let us consider this line and the which can be useful for finding syn- addition to a different language. choice of words used for translation: onyms, or words that rhyme, etc. Reconstructing poetry in another ...a sense of insufferable gloom language requires dedicated transla- Translating poetry involves intu- invaded my spirit. (Poe) tors skillful in the art of poetry, who ition; in poetry “feeling is the mean- ...un sentiment d’insupportable will use the new technology to assist ing”, for who better than a poet can tristesse pénétra mon âme. them in their work but in no way to transmit the mood of a poem? (Baudelaire) do the job for them.

NNU SPIRIT 49 FUNÉRAILLES CHAMPÊTRES "Ainsi trépassent les paysans de ma montagne"

ANTOINE Y. SFEIR, Lettres et Traductologie, NDU

Sur la montagne, c'est l'orage. Devant... un enfant appelé dans les champs Dans la plaine c'est la pluie. Pour porter la vieille croix en bois, Que faire de toi, ô mon âme! vieille de plus de cent ans. Enveloppées de brouillard et de vent, Derrière... dandine un cercueil ambulant, Les routes s'en vont tristes dans la brume; Hissé sur les bras opiniâtres; Une cloche tinte au lointain De loin, il miroite au soleil couchant Dans un village oublié du Liban. C'est l'Angelus attardé des paysans; Comme une écharpe de deuil, C'est le glas qu'on sonne pour un mourant. Tel un drapeau de départ. Car lorsqu'un paysan trépasse là-bas, Et derrière... Toute la bourgade se tait, se met en deuil. suivent les parents du disparu, le visage blême, On fait rentrer le bétail avant le soir, la mine pétrifiée On oublie la charrue dans les sillons. De douleur, de tristesse et d'angoisse... On laisse les vaches dans leur coin. Quel dieu, quel tyran implacable et dur L'étable est peuplé de jour et de nuit... Leur a ravi leur père, leur chef et leur dieu? Les poules s'ennuient dans la basse-cour, Et... dans le sentier sauvage fleurissent des Et le chat ronronne sous le lit. larmes: Dans chaque maison, c'est un concert de pleurs, Décor funèbre d'un convoi mortuaire. Dans chaque étable un carême forcé... A l'arrière-garde, la foule du village, Et le pauvre paysan se voit porté sur sa civière Horde de rescapés sauvés du naufrage, Par le sentier tortilleux du village, Mais qui savent qu'un jour à leur tour, De la terre encore fraîche sur les mains, Etendus sur une planche de bois verni, Dans un modeste cercueil en bois verni, Façonnée par le menuisier du village, Façonné pour la circonstance, en hâte Ils suivront les détours du sentier sauvage, Par l'apprenti menuisier du village, Dont le maître est pressé de sortir, Portés sur les bras des autres survivants. Et savoir pour qui sonne le glas. Devant eux marcherait, Un vieux curé à la barbe blanche, la barbe dans son bréviaire Traînant ses pieds sur sa soutane, Par le chemin tortilleux du village, Trébuche dans les cailloux du chemin, Un vieux curé en soutane noire Recitant le requiem dans son bréviaire Clamant des prières de requiem Et quelques çlawoto en langue syriaque. et quelques psaumes en langue syriaque.

50 NNU SPIRIT LADIES’ ON-CAMPUS DORM

A Rival to the Hanging Gardens. The terrace, with a breath-taking view.

Information kindly provided by a fully-equipped kitchenette on each floor, daily clean- Mr. Joseph Fares ing, 24-hour guardian and security, laundry room, TV room with cable TV where guests may be received, The first thing that impresses the visitor to NDU Main study room with computers and Internet, common ter- Campus is the beautiful many-balconied building on the race, reception office and air conditioning. Meals may right, which with all its greenery and verdant surround- be ordered for fast delivery from the University restau- ings may well recall the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. rant and other nearby food outlets. This is the Women’s On-Campus Residence, situated on Accommodation is retained on a semester basis, but stu- a hill with an all-round view of the sea, the old monastery of Louaize, the University, the school, Beirut dents may withdraw by giving a month’s notice. Rates and the near and distant mountains. It has twelve dou- may change from year to year, but detailed up-to-date ble rooms and twenty-two single rooms, all fully fur- information may be obtained from the NDU CAMPUS nished and equipped (with plugs for personal TV and SERVICES OFFICE, tel. 00 961 9 218950, ext. 2248; Fax Internet.) The amenities include individual bathrooms, 00 961 9 218 771; E-mail [email protected] .

A student’s private room. A kitchenette.

NNU SPIRIT 51

ENGLISH IDIOM IDIOM ENGLISH

For some reason best known to “THE BRITISH AND In due course the bishop came to themselves, the British (being AMERICANS ARE consecrate the church anew, for British, we won’t venture to say which occasion there was a Solemn anything about the Americans) SEPARATED BY THE High Mass with a fine choir. Tape have many expressions for SAME LANGUAGE.” recording had just come onto the mental abnormality: He’s a market, so it was decided to send a little bit off the top, he’s off his recording on tape to the ex-soldier rocker, he’s bats in the belfry, George Bernard Shaw in America as a mark of gratitude. he’s batty, he’s got a screw The man was very pleased and sat down to enjoy the recording. loose, he’s screwy, his head During World War II, an American Suddenly the American jumped up needs seeing to, he’s not quite soldier serving in Britain used to and smashed his player in a rage. right in the head, etc.. With the attend Mass at a small Catholic “After all I did for them,” he shout- British love of understatement, church where he was received with ed to his wife, “they call me a suck- they may well mean that a much kindness. In 1944 the church er!” person is raving mad. was hit by a flying bomb and after the end of hostilities was marked What had happened was that dur- A priest was preaching in the for reconstruction at government chapel of a lunatic asylum about the expense. In the meantime the sol- ing his sermon the priest had said, purposes of God for man on this dier had returned to the States, and “We thank thee, O Lord, for the earth. “Brethren,” he said, dramati- knowing that the parish priest great succour thou has sent us from cally extending his hands, “why are wished to enlarge the church, a America!” (Succour, accent on the we all here?” A voice shouted from thing not covered by the official first syllable, means help, like the the back, “Because we’re not all reconstruction scheme, he collected French word secours, but is not used there!” funds for this purpose. in the States.)

Recently a sports instructor in a school was helping the geography teacher to supervise the LEARNING half-year examination in the last year of primary. The youngsters were supposed to mark the principal Lebanese cities on a map. LEBANON To the instructor’s surprise, they were placing Baalbek and Zahleh on the coast and Tripoli, Sidon and Tyre in the interior. “Don’t they realise that Baalbek and Zahleh are not on the coast when they visit them?” he asked.

“Nowadays their parents don’t take the kids to such places on a Sunday,” explained the geography teacher. “They simply take them to the nearest MacDonald’s or Burger King!” – Ed.

52 NNU SPIRIT SAINT JEAN-MAROUN PREMIER PATRIARCHE MARONITE

LA BATAILLE DE SMAR JBEIL AU VIIÈME SIECLE AFFERMIT L’INDEPENDENCE DE L’EGLISE MARONITE Dr. Georges LABAKI

L’histoire du premier patriarche puissant. Mais les dangers n’allaient Cette indépendance affirmée des maronite Jean Maroun reste mécon- pas tarder à se pointer… Maronites devait susciter bien d’ nue même au sein de l’Eglise inquiétudes sur le plan régional, à tel maronite. Pourtant Saint Jean En effet, l’Islam conquérant venait point qu’Arabes et Byzantins Maroun a joué un rôle de première de sortir de la péninsule arabique et tombèrent d’accord pour tenter de la importance dans le développement déjà s’affronter à l’empire Byzantin, juguler. Pour cela, l’empereur de l’Eglise maronite. En effet, si les puissance régionale de l’époque byzantin Justinien II, sur instigation historiens s’accordent à dire que mais pas pour longtemps… Et pour du Calife Omar, envoya une armée Saint Maroun a vécu au cinquième tout dire, les Eglises chrétiennes s’é- commandée par deux grands siècle, l’Eglise maronite ne s’organise taient lancées dans de sanglantes et généraux pour tenter de réduire autour d’un patriarche qu’au sep- interminables querelles théologiques cette Eglise. Saint Jean Maroun con- tième siècle. Saint Maroun fut le qui allaient leur coûter très cher. A fia à son neveu le soin de défendre grain de sénevé qui s’endormit sous tel point que le siège partriachal les Maronites. La bataille eut lieu à terre pendant deux siècles durant. d’Antioche, siège d’une des pre- Smar Jbeil et fut marquée par une mières Eglises fondées par les victoire totale sur leurs ennemis. Toute l’histoire de l’Eglise maronite apôtres du Christ, devint vacant Plus tard, Cyrus, neveu de Saint commence avec Saint Maroun, qui pendant plusieurs décennies et ce à Maroun, devint le second patriarche vivait en ermite dans les monts du partir de l’an 609. de l’Eglise maronite. Taurus dans le sud de la Turquie actuelle. La sainteté de Maroun se Saint Jean Maroun a vécu dans cette Saint Jean Maroun fut l’organisateur tarda pas à se faire connaître au époque perturbée et secouée par des de l’Eglise maronite. Il réussit à sur- grand jour. De partout les fidèles luttes intestines internes et monter brillamment les difficultés accouraient pour se faire soigner et régionales. Les chroniqueurs racon- locales et régionales de son époque écouter la parole de Dieu chez le tent qu’il est né au village de dans un Moyen-Orient secoué par serviteur de Dieu. Très vite après sa Sarroum d’une famille noble. Il reçut des conflits interminables. Son mort un monastère fut construit sur une éducation digne d’un intel- exemple devrait nous inspirer dans l’emplacement de la mort du saint. lectuel de son époque. Erudit, Jean cette époque d’incertitudes que tra- Et plus rapidement encore une mul- Maroun se lance dans le combat con- versent beaucoup de chrétiens titude de monastères dédiés à Saint tre les Jacobites. En l’an 687, il fut d’Orient (d’ou une émigration mas- Maroun virent le jour et s’étendirent élevé à la dignité épiscopale et fut sive). En outre, des études devraient depuis la Mésopotamie jusqu’au nommé éveque de la ville de lui être consacrées pour faire mieux bord de l’Oronte. Les fidèles des Batroun au Liban puis patriarche de connaître ce grand saint. alentours venaient accomplir leurs l’Eglise maronite. Il est le premier devoirs religieux dans ces patriarche de cette église, le monastères. Ces derniers ne Patriarche Nasrallah Sfeir étant le Le synaxaire de l’Eglise Maronite tardèrent pas à se fédérer sous l’au- soixante-seizième patriarche (et le célèbre la Fête de Saint Jean Maroun torité du supérieur du Monastère de 139ème si on prend en compte les le 2 mars. Paradoxalement, plusieurs Saint Maroun bâti sur l’Oronte. patriarches qui se sont succédés sur églises qui lui sont dédiées se trou- Selon plusieurs témoignages his- le Patriarchat d’Antioche depuis les vent en dehors du Liban, notam- toriques ce monastère devint très apôtres). ment aux Etats-unis de l’Amérique.

NNU SPIRIT 53 LE FLÉAU DE NOS TEMPS

PAR MIREILLE KASSIS

Le royaume de lunière et de vie et Le royaume de nuit et d’oubli.

otre vie moderne est empoison- les classes sociales, moyennant le 1000 cassettes vidéo et CDs faisant la née d’une source insidieuse. Livre Noir. propagande de la secte des N Adorateurs de Satan. En plus, huit Par le biais du Rock’n’roll, le Un danger pressant qui menace nos clubs vidéo furent fermés pour avoir satanisme entre dans notre société. jeunes s’est fait remarquer dans les diffusé ces cassettes, priincipalement boîtes de nuit et les discos. Une ques- auprès des jeunes. Signaux et messages visent le sub- tion s’impose: qu’est ce qui hypno- conscient de l’auditeur; quand ces tise cette masse de jeunes gens? Ce En 1997 et 1998, des jeunes ont signaux sont manipulés par la pub- n’est autre que le high sonority de la d’ailleurs été accusés d’appartenir à licité, il s’agit d’un véritable viol de la musique et ses paroles qui con- cette secte en Egypte et au Liban. conscience. duisent vers des actions inaccepta- Cette secte vient des Etats-unis. Ses Pour réagir contre un mal il faut tout bles; voire l’accès facile à l’alcool et adeptes nient les religions et propagent d’abord connaître sa nature et son aux drogues, à travers lesquels on leur idéologie par la musique techno. origine. L’objet de cet article est de aspire à un bonheur decevant, on se Ref. http://www.unadfi.org./actual- lever la voile sur l’une de ces sources jette dans les bras du Maître des ité/. Il est temps de lancer le cri empoisonnées où s’abreuve notre Enfers. d’alarme si c’est vrai que nous cher- chons le Royaume du Christ. pauvre jeunesse, car notre devoir est Chaque année au Liban, plusieurs de mettre en garde nos jeunes. Ce personnes se donnent la mort. Tous La musique tient le rôle d’une cible; n’est pas pour rien que Marie, Mère demandent que leur corps soit brûlé. et si on parle d’elle ce n’est ni pour de l’Eglise, apparaît si souvent en Nous lisons dans le journal Al-Nahar, interdire de l’écouter ni pour l’ar- pleurant comme une maman pleure du vendredi 10 mai, 2002, un article rêter, mais simplement pour dire son enfant qui se perd. de Bahjat Jaber qui pose la question qu’il faut bien choisir ce qu’on Il y a une centaine de centres de pra- de qui va mettre fin aux méfaits de écoute. La musique est une visa qui tiques sataniques dispersés au Liban. cette secte satanique qui envahit le n’a pas besoin d’un passeport pour D’après les statistiques diffusées par Liban. En juillet 2001, le quotidien s’infiltrer dans l’âme humaine, dans les média, il y a jusqu’à maintenant Al-Destour cite l’agence AFP en dis- laquelle elle passe discrètement en seize cas de suicide. La secte ant que “les autorités jordaniennes choisissant le bon moment pour satanique attaque aujourd’hui toutes déclarent avoir saisi en juillet plus de jouer le rôle d’hypnotiseur; aidée

54 NNU SPIRIT par la technologie des communica- d’une extrême subtilité et très déli- sages subliminaux peuvent être tions et des média qui facilitent sa cat, en particulier pour ce qui est des introduits à une vitesse variable diffusion, et qui sont toujours en hormones sexuelles et surrénales. grace aux appareils spéciaux dans les perpetuelle évolution. studios par le “reverse masking Satan trouve toujours des instru- process”. Alors qu’est ce qu’un message sub- ment dociles pour relayer plus ou liminal? moins délibérement son action sur La technique du message subliminal terre. Dans le Rock, cette action est a été intégrée pour la première fois Beaucoup de sons échappent à notre visible et crève les yeux. Ce n’est pas dans des disques au sujet des Beatles conscience parce que nos sens ne les seulement par ses désastreux effets intitulés Révolution #9, conçus pour percoivent pas de façon consciente; physiques que le Rock mine la per- rappeler la fameuse décennie 1960- ils agissent cependant à notre insu sonnalité de l’homme, cette “image 1970. C’est durant cette décennie sur nous juste en dessous du seuil de de Dieu” intolérable aux yeux du qu’on a vu l’emprise de l’empire de la conscience, dans le subconscient. Prince des Ténèbres; c’est très con- Satan s’étendre sur la société occi- crètement par son satanisme insi- Le message échappe donc à tout dentale et ensuite sur le monde dieux qu’il agit sur l’âme et le coeur entier. dépistage par les facultés con- de ceux qui se lui adonnent. Par son scientes. Ce phénomène existe aussi rythme fortement syncopé et par sa au niveau visuel, moyennant les super-puissance sonore le “beat” Le Rock, en particulier le Hard Rock, images dites sublétales, qui passent produit en plus des effets déjà sig- est une cause principale de cette pendant un instant trop court pour nalés une accélaration des pulsations maladie mentale déversée quotidi- que l’oeil ne les remarque mais qui cardiaques, et un accroissement du ennement par les média piégés dans leurs univers psychique fragile, avec néanmoins agissent sur le subcon- taux d’adrénaline, d’où une sorte leur contenu pernicieux, qui domi- scient. d’euphorie générale momentanée, avec provocation sexuelle qui va nent avec la violence et la sexualité Les statistiques montrent qu’une chez certains jusqu’aux orgasmes désordonnée une société sans but majorité d’adolescents consacrent répétés. autre que la consommation. trois à cinq heures chaque jour à écouter le Rock’n’roll. Le monde Il y a des signaux subliminaux Malheureusement nous vivons dans entier est touché par ce phénomène insérés dans leurs disques par des un monde où les adultes n’osent parti des pays anglo-saxons il y a une groupes de Rock qui s’abondonnent plus affirmer l’authorité du bien, de trentaine d’années. De là vient en très consciemment au satanisme. la décence, de la discipline, des grande partie la sexualité désorien- D’anciens chanteurs de Rock tel que valeurs et des interdictions du déca- tée des jeunes, l’addiction aux Pasteur, convertis ou simplement logue. De ce fait, les jeunes n’ont drogues, l’adoration des vedettes et effrayés par le culte de Satan, on a guère de système de référence la confusion morale. La vibration des dévoilé le fonctionnement de cette auquel s’accrocher. “La voix du pape basses fréquentes affecte le cerveau technique de messages subliminaux. Jean-Paul II, si aimé de la jeunesse, et la glande hypophysaire, source de Il s’agit de messages verbaux repro- est délibérement occultée, étouffée, plusieurs hormones, en particulier duits en fréquence modulée d’entre voir tournée en dérision par les ceux qui contrôlent la croissance. Il 17 et 20 ondes par seconde ou en médias”. René le jeune “Origine et en résulte souvent un déséquilibre haute fréquence entre 17,000 et méfait du Rock’n’Roll”, Stella Maris, n° dans le système hormonal, qui est 20,000 ondes par seconde. Les mes- 259.

A Prescription for Happiness

Friendship is an everlasting jewel hidden in the ocean of place despite all its shame, drudgery and broken life. It is a protection, a help and a continuity. A friend is dreams. a present you give yourself. Friendship is God’s hand- writing and it is not changed by death. Strive to be happy! We were created to care, for one caring action lifts up Forget injuries, but never forget friends. Prove the truth the whole world. of your friendship by being the friend of the truth. We may fail several times, but we are not failures until Mark the words of Benjamin Franklin:- we begin to blame someone else, which is why most of "Be slow in choosing a friend, slower in changing." us ignore the true meaning that friendship conveys. That is all that it takes Rare are the people who realize the importance of friends, but all the same the world remains a beautiful Dina Achkar, Journalism

NNU SPIRIT 55 Dr. Ziad Fahed, Assistant There is a force which dwells should keep in mind that Director, SAO, has kindly sent within us and which is the doubt and trust, like shadow us a copy of Letter from Taizé. same for everyone. This force and light, can coexist within He has a close connection with is called the Holy Spirit, and us. T whispers in our hearts, this remarkable community, Above let us remember these “Surrender yourself to God in which, although founded in reassuring words of Christ: all simplicity; the little faith France within the Reformation “Do not be afraid or let your you have is enough.” tradition by Brother Roger, has heart be troubled.” (John XIV, had a remarkable worldwide But who is this Holy Spirit? 1) He is the one Christ Jesus interdenominational extension. Then it becomes clear that promised in his Gospel when We suggest that those who are faith is not the result of effort, he said, “I will never abandon interested should contact Dr. but is a gift from God.” A you. I will always be with you Fahed. through the Holy Spirit, who From information given with Messages of encouragement will support and comfort the letter of Brother Roger we have been received from Pope you.” John XIV, 16-20) learn that during much of the John Paul II (a personal friend Even when we think we are year, the hill of Taizé hosts of Brother Roger), Patriarch alone, the Holy Spirit is with young adults from Europe and Bartholomeos of Constantinople, us. His presence is invisible, from other continents come yet it never leaves us. I Patriarch Alexis II of Moscow, for a week of prayer, sharing Archbishop George Carey of And gradually we realize that and reflection on important Canterbury and UN Secretary the most important thing in General Kofi Annan. This partic- life is to love with trust. questions. Sometimes there ular letter of Brother Roger was are as many as 5000 from 75 Trust is one of the humblest different countries. made public during the Young and simplest realities that Adult European Meeting in exist, and at the same time At the centre of the life in Paris and was presented as a one of the most basic. Taizé there is a community of Z starting point for reflection When we love with trust we brothers who have committed throughout the year 2003 during bring happiness to people the weekly meetings in Taizé as themselves to follow Christ by around us, and we remain in a Yes for life. Two communi- well as those held in other parts communion with those who of the world. We quote: have gone before us and who ties of sisters are also present to take part in the welcome of Our hope is renewed when are waiting for us in God’s we entrust ourselves humbly eternity. visitors, There is a Letter É to God. When times of doubt arise in from Taizé published every some people’s lives, we two months.

56 NNU SPIRIT Dalia Kharboush THE ROSE WHY? Some say that I am the beauty of my kind, Why is there hate? Others that there are prettier than I. Why is there love? When I am born, being cut I don’t mind, Why does rain fall from heaven above? To be sold, to be exposed to the eye. Why is there black? A delicate hand gets hold of mine Why is there white? And takes me away from my dear friends. Why does the day change to night? But then it takes me along with wine Why is there peace? To a place where beauty never ends. Why is there war? There, a beautiful lady awaits Why does our anger keep building up more? With a sweet smile upon her face. Why is there fat? It looks like it is one of those dates Why is there thin? Which end in a sweet embrace. Why are there people who just don’t fit? Then he held me ever more tight Why do we want? And placed me in her hand. Why do we need? She was such a beautiful sight Why can’t men live without greed? Chosen from many from this land. Why do we die? The cold night started to end Why do we live? As they got closer together; Why don’t people learn how to give? The messages of love they started to send Why do we sleep? As they got closer together. As I lay very close to her Why do we wake? He held her hand and walked her out. Why don’t we think before we take? To kiss her sweet lips he wanted to try. Why are we cold? “Kiss her! Kiss her!” I tried to shout; Why are we hot? Finally he did and said goodbye. Why do we pretend to be something we’re not? Am I a sign of love? Why do we smile? Am I as beautiful as a dove? Why do we cry? No, I’m just a simple rose Why do all questions come back to- Around which love comes and goes. -Why?

NNU SPIRIT 57 high compliment, whereas to call somebody an intellectual in English- speaking society is almost an insult, CULTURE like using the word egg-head, which has no common equivalent in French. - gone down Now a fundamental element of any culture is a common language, a the drain! common means of communication. Therefore it is most remarkable that in the English-speaking world the K.J. Mortimer English language is not studied in schools. I met a graduate in English n Britain one hears about the “yob” Literature from the élitist Cambridge Iculture, decried by Prime Minister University who told me that until he Tony Blair. What does it mean? It moral condition of the working class took courses in teaching English as a means drunken hooliganism, foot- in Britain in the mid-twentieth cen- foreign language to be a British ball riots and a hatred of education tury and its condition in the early Council instructor, he had never and of everything that improves nineteenth century. People appreci- learned either the names or the use mankind. In the nineteen-eighties ated and wanted education. of the English tenses of verbs. This they spoke about the “yuppy” cul- At the same time it was being did not matter so much when people ture, the culture of Young realised that tribal peoples were not used to spend much of their time Upwardly-mobile People, social “savages”, as they had previously reading good books and informa- climbers in business and the profes- been called. Therefore one could tive, well-written newspapers and sions, thinking only of smart dress, legitimately talk about a Mousterian magazines, and when the middle flashy cars, cocktail parties and culture, a Neolithic culture, a Bantu and upper classes had done at least noisy, drunken all-night raves. Can culture, an Inuit (Eskimo) culture, an some basic Latin, when a radio pre- these be called cultures? Australian Aboriginal culture or senter of popular music would speak American Indian cultures. All these good English. I still possess a couple Once upon a time the word culture peoples who had survived over of letters written to me by working- was used in the meaning of refine- many thousands of years had tech- class women who spent perhaps ment, good taste in music and art niques, highly complex and logical four or five years in a poor village and literature, a code of politeness languages (see Levi-Strauss La Pensée school towards the end of the nine- and good manners, a certain intellec- primitive), amazingly sophisticated teenth century, just over one hun- tual life. A cultured person was one art and song and oral literature, a dred years ago. The grammar, syn- with a certain elevation of mind, one common background of religion, tax, punctuation and capitalisation formed by the classics in his own philosophy and good manners, and are impeccable and the interesting language and also in Latin and a certain social cohesion. content is really a pleasure to read. Greek and therefore formed to But now the results of failing to habits of clear, logical thinking, Now, to be frank, it is hard to talk teach grammatical, lucid, logical, speech and writing. Students at about Anglo-Saxon culture in the economical, reasonably elegant and Harvard University used to debate same way as one can talk about la internationally acceptable English in Latin. When Queen Elizabeth the culture française (but has that started are disastrous. First visited Oxford University, after to go down the drain as well?) The listening to the pompous speeches of French have long cultivated what Disastrous? This is no exaggeration. welcome in Latin and Greek, she they call l’esprit. The English word There was a disastrous fire in a answered them fluently and without spirit hardly translates it, but one London railway station which preparation in the same languages. may say that it refers to the disci- spread simply because the instruc- In Victorian times one could rightly plines of the mind and of intellectu- tions for the railway staff in the even speak of culture, because despite cer- al life. In French, as in Latin and of a fire were so badly written and tain absurdities, there was a general Greek, the word philosophy implies a confused that they could not under- upward movement among all classes discipline of exact thinking, whereas stand what they were supposed to do. of the population. There was a in English-speaking countries, out- Regional dialects are delightful; strong sense of individual duty in side certain university circles, it is dialect, what the French call patois, is the public and national interest. generally taken to mean woolly a traditional variant, often centuries Education was steadily extended to speculation. In passing, we may add old, of the generally received nation- the poor so that they could improve that the Scottish mentality in these al language. Slang however is an themselves and they did improve matters is closer to the French than adaptation, often in constant flux, of themselves. There can be no com- to the English. In France to say of the “official” language. It too can be parison between the material and somebody C’est un intellectuel is a delightful. I still enjoy memories of

58 NNU SPIRIT Middle East Royal Air Force slang, who had been established there for young, he knew more English gram- which was the product of a general- several years could still not under- mar than the Faculty professors did. ly educated class of military person- stand. But this time I had no difficul- Under what false pretences of nel (how about Shai up and get a shwai ty understanding, because even the democracy had these poor students igri on – Bring some tea and get a most medieval-looking peasants been left with their Southern Black move on.-?) spoke correct school French with dialect at school and then allowed people from the city. A rather amus- into University? They will never be But slang can also be very ugly and ing aside: I was walking by the river able to hold positions of importance decadent. Recently I heard an extract Rhône when I met an elderly or have respectable employment from a BBC soap opera, one not put woman. After a little conversation, outside their home town. on the World Service, but with a she asked me where I was from. 14,000,000 listener rating in Britain. The search for high audience ratings From London, I explained. “Ah, The language and accent (“Estuary” has led the mass media into seeking yes!” she said, “I guessed from your English) were appallingly ugly and I the lowest common denominator. accent you must come from the could hardly understand a word. When last in London I saw news- other side of the Rhône!” More seri- Consonants seemed to have been agencies with long shelves full of ously, I remember a farmer’s wife replaced by a series of glottal stops. trashy magazines. I thought what a who listened religiously every morn- The problem is that such language, pity it was that beautiful forests were ing to a radio programme aimed at obscenities and all, is now transmit- being cut down in Scandinavia to maintaining the standard of the ted and one might say consecrated provide paper pulp for such rubbish. French language. A typical question by the mass media. Henry Hall with I wondered if there was one para- was the following: “Comment con- his BBC light orchestra, very popular graph of decent, informative English juguer au temps passé simple le sixty years ago, would probably faint among the lot. Trying the TV chan- verbe traire?” Answer: the verb traire if he suddenly returned to life and nels one night, I found on a recog- is defective and does not have a sim- heard the presenter and musicians nised European national station a ple past tense. I do not think that of some of the BBC’s present pro- prolonged close-up of a foul sexual such a programme for improving grammes. perversion in full anatomical detail. language would ever have had During a BBC discussion, one speak- Now let a person cultivate and enjoy much of an audience rating in er said that non-European immi- his dialect. But he must learn at an Britain or the United States. But real- grants coming to western countries early age the language of education. ly there is need of one. How often had a duty to adapt themselves to The great error of recent times has does one not hear such redundan- western culture. For a moment I was been a completely false so-called cies as “a period of time” or such thinking that western countries had democratisation of education, in amusing absurdities as “The Prime the duty of educating the children of other words culture has been low- Minister has been pressurised (for immigrants into the national culture, ered to the level of the most ignorant pressured) into allowing...” One won- but then another speaker very point- instead of the ignorant being raised ders if the P.M. is going to be edly asked what culture was being to a suitable level of culture. Certain launched into the stratosphere. Even offered. Immigrants found only a educators (so-called) say that chil- BBC news writers repeat “The... foot- culture of atheism, sex outside mar- dren should be allowed to express ball team has sacked their coach”! riage and rampant materialism, of themselves freely in writing essays Admittedly languages evolve, but the glorification of individual rights without being fettered by considera- they must evolve according to their without any corresponding sense of tions of grammar and even allowed proper logic. Unfortunately, English individual duty. to use their own dialect, supposedly is very flexible, concise and poetic in the cause of “creative expression”. but it is not a classical language like The world is now dominated by the Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, Arabic, mass media, orientated towards But what do children go to school French or German that by its struc- entertainment rather than culture. for? Surely they go to school precise- ture teaches logic and unambiguous Unfortunately the magicians of mass ly to learn to express themselves clarity of expression.1 media technology rarely have a for- with fluency in a language that can mation in the great timeless classics be understood by anyone anywhere. Dr. Naji Oueijan of our NDU Faculty of literature, with good taste and ele- In 1942-3 I spent some months in a of Humanities once told me how he vation of thought. Can there be any remote village in Dorset. It was six found in an American University doubt that for the future of civilisa- weeks before I could understand the poor Afro-Americans who would tion the word culture must regain its natives. For How are you? They speak and write You is... As the original meaning? would say Hoo beest? – How be-est learned American professors of thou? Now, I love Dorset dialect. But English had no experience of teach- (1) On the part of certain educationalists in there was a striking difference when ing the English language, he, a Britain and the USA there is renewed inter- ten years later I went to an even Lebanese, was called upon to give est in the value of Latin. Prime Minister Tony Blair wishes to see Latin in all the govern- remoter village in Isère in France. them Corrective English for the sim- ment schools. Here at NDU interest in Mr. The natives there spoke Savoyard ple reason that, having learnt Antoine Sfeir’s Latin course is increasing among themselves, which Parisians English as a foreign language when from semester to semester.

NNU SPIRIT 59 DR. AMEEN A. RIHANI, V.P. Sponsored Research and Development, adds his comments.

Mr. Mortimer’s allusions in his article to the “yob” and “yuppy” cultures reveal a very basic problem related to the mastery of language in any culture, whether in Lebanon, Britain, the United States or any other countries around the world.

he problems of mastering Arabic, guage. One of the major reasons, as I If language is the vehicle of knowl- TEnglish or French language are see it, for the acuity of this problem edge while traveling to ourselves, is the fact that we do not take the of growing concern nowadays. then our personal and individual Students graduate at the university language, any language, as seriously level and their ability to write, in any as it needs to be taken for the ability language is the vehicle for each of us language, is minimal. In the past, no and mastery of writing. while traveling to the other. Inability matter what the major, a graduate As long as we think that writing is to use a language is the inability to used to enjoy good writing skills in not any more necessary for an engi- drive our car in order to reach the at least one, and sometimes in more neer, a businessman, a scientist, a other person, the colleague, the than one, language. philosopher, a journalist, an econo- mist, a psychologist, a historian, a friend, the companion. Today the growing problem is that theologian, or even a literary critic, graduates do not care any more the mastery of a language becomes This means that a major responsibil- about their ability to write. The lack unfortunately secondary. of proper expression is a common ity falls on the university, any uni- To express oneself, one has to know denominator of today’s degree hold- versity, in order to have its students ers whether in arts or in sciences, in and practice the rules of the game, graduate with a strong command of Business or in Engineering, in i.e. the rules of written expression. Political Science or in Media To excel in a certain field or in a cer- the written language regardless of Communication. Who takes the tain field of knowledge is to express their major or field of study. How properly what you know in such a responsibility? How to solve this can we reach this intellectual and problem? What academic plans do way as to make it easy for the reader we have to remedy this situation in to understand, reciprocate, interact, cultural objective? the short term and in the long term. and later on to use the knowledge acquired in a productive way. Isn’t Postscript: if anybody disagrees or Needless to say, all this is true not this the role of a university? How wants to make a remark about any only for one language; it is equally can our students excel without being of the points raised, we shall be true for Arabic, for French, for able to express their excellence? glad to publish their letters, English or for any other modern lan- Without being able to write? reserving however the right to answer them. –Ed.

60 NNU SPIRIT IT IS TIME...

It is time to take a new step.

It is time to look at the world with new eyes.

It is time to be strong and not let the problems of your past capture you.

It is time to close the door on your past disturbing memories, and to turn

a new page.

It is time to keep smiling no matter what may happen.

It is time to be optimistic and to count on God.

It is time to keep smiling and to never give up, no matter what may happen.

It is time to live your days feeling secure, hopeful and strong in order to be

capable of overcoming new problems. At last you will gain the feeling of

inner peace that never fades away.

Caren Attieh, 4th year International Affairs and Diplomacy

NNU SPIRIT 61 SOMETHING for your GREYmatter CLUES Across:

1. water sport 6. match 8. water defence work 9. egg-shaped 12. devoured 14. small stream (rather poetic) 15. by the sun 17. Physical Training 18. faucet 20. for the pen 21. knowledge 23. demand 25. Commanding Officer 26. that distant... (poetic) 27. act offensive to God 29. island group between Siberia and Alaska 30 step (v.) 31. unused 32. melody 33. carried out, performed Down: 35. lower limbs 36. poem 1. being built at NDU (two 12. boat with a zoo 28. coloured parts of eyes, 38. harvest (v.) words, 6 and 7 letters) 13. part of a radio/TV serial flowers 41. lady president of Argentina 2. for grinding corn 16. kind of barometer 34. metal 42. to and - (backwards and forwards) 3. little devils 19. champion 36. for rowing a boat 43. before behold! 4. refusal 22. moved his head up and 37. newt 5. Scottish language down 39. beer 44. Christmas 7. back of a boat, fore and - 23. Chilean president 40. pea container, group of 45. decay 10. through, by 24. was aware whales. 46. necessity 11. mountains in Europe 27. male deer

SOLUTIONS TO THE LAST Across: 17. universal 34. reel Down: 7. Shouf Campus 19. ire 29. rhyme 21. fire 36. cat 10. revere 20. as 30. arc 1. North Campus 22. SOS 37. unit 1. tea 11. rare 8. spy 24. clerk 3. ash 23. theatre 32. trip 39. elm 12. CDs 9. hierarch 27. enter 4. M.P. 25. knee 35. ET 13. roe 30. ale 41. sop 5. pyre 14. one 15. ad 31. mat 42. doe 6. sled 16. slot 26. set 38. no 16. send 33. either 43. ape 18. nil 28. tiled 40. Lo (& behold!)

62 NNU SPIRIT REVIEW LVL„§ZJL LVL„§ZJL LVL„§ZJL LVL„§ZJL

The 2003 Catalogue of NDU Publications is now available. Apply to Mr. George Mghames, Notre Dame University Press. Direct contact, tel. 960-9-218950/55, ext. 2477. Fax 960-9-224803. Email [email protected]. Mailing address: Notre Dame University Press, Administration, P.O.Box 72, Zouk Mikhaël, Kesrawan, Lebanon. BOOK

Education on the Avenue The State of Tomorrow... of Change… What Vision? Any New Prospects for Lebanon?

The book tackles intellec- This book deals with the tual challenges through following paramount the following subjects: issues: a state for a society or a society for a state? Change in the institution How can we re-build citi- of yesterday and today - A zenship? The first chapter new Mariamite education- tackles the subject of the al project - The role of state's authority between education and learning decentralization and glob- among the requirements alization, and highlights of production, life and the new world trends and Man - The dynamic of the Lebanese situation - knowledge as a prerequi- its present and future. The site for personality-build- second chapter talks ing through the strategies about civil peace in a bor- of the curricula and edu- der-free era and discusses cational programs in the problems of censor- Lebanon - Civic education ∫ÓN øe ájôµØdG ä’ɵ°T’G ÜÉàµdG èdÉY :…QƒëªdG ∫GDƒ°ùdG ´ƒ°VƒªdG á«dɵ°TEG èdÉ©J ship, sovereignty, invest- and citizenship - q q q :á«JB’G ™«°VGƒªdG ~«©f ∞«c ?ádh~d ™ªàée ΩGC ™ªàéªd ádhO GC ment capitalism, and con- Guaranteeing the right of sumption versus produc- the weak (economically, - Ωƒ˘˘˘«˘˘˘dGh ¢ùeC’G ᢢ˘°ù˘˘˘°Sq ƒ˘˘˘eD »˘˘˘˘a ô˘˘˘˘«˘˘˘˘«˘˘˘˘¨˘˘˘˘à˘˘˘˘dG ∫ƒ˘˘M ∫hq C’G Qƒ˘˘ë˘˘ª˘˘dG Qh~˘˘j ?á˘˘æ˘˘˘WGƒ˘˘˘ª˘˘˘dG Aɢ˘˘æ˘˘˘H ᢢ«˘˘Hô˘˘à˘˘dG - ~˘˘j~˘˘L »˘˘ª˘˘jô˘˘e …ƒ˘˘Hô˘˘˘J ´hô˘˘˘°ûe ᢢª˘˘dƒ˘˘©˘˘dGh ᢢjõ˘˘cô˘˘eÓ˘˘dG ø˘˘«˘˘H ᢢdh~˘˘dG ᢢ£˘˘∏˘˘˘°S tion and saving, in addi- mentally or physically) in q q q tion to other cultural education and human and :äɢq«˘Yƒ˘f äɢeõ˘∏˘à˘°ùe ø˘«˘H Ωƒ˘«˘dG º˘«˘˘∏˘˘©˘˘à˘˘dGh Iô°UÉ©ªdG áq«ªdÉ©dG äÉ¡qLƒàdG ≈dEG kÉbqô£àe problems. The third and social progress. Providing ¿É˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘°ùf’Gh Iɢ˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘«˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘ë˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘dGh êƒ˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘à˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘æ˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘ª˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘dG É¡JòaÉfh q»dÉëdG É¡©°VƒH áq«fÉæÑ∏dG ádÉëdGh last chapter deals with pri- education as a service, not ᢢ˘˘©˘˘˘˘eɢ˘˘˘é˘˘˘˘dɢ˘˘˘a ᢢ˘˘°SQ~˘˘˘˘ª˘˘˘˘dG ≈˘˘˘˘dEG ⫢˘˘˘Ñ˘˘˘˘dG ø˘˘˘˘˘e - Qh~«a »fÉãdG QƒëªdG ÉqeCG .πÑ≤à°ùªdG ≈dEG vatization, public services, a commodity - Establishing ±Qɢ˘˘©˘˘˘ª˘˘˘dG ᢢ˘«˘˘˘qµ˘˘˘«˘˘˘eɢ˘˘æ˘˘˘jO - Ωɢ˘˘˘©˘˘˘˘dG ∫ɢ˘˘˘é˘˘˘˘ª˘˘˘˘dGh Oh~˘˘˘MÓ˘˘˘dG ô˘˘˘°üY »˘˘˘a q»˘˘˘∏˘˘˘gC’G º˘˘˘∏˘˘˘°ùdG ∫ƒ˘˘˘M education for all and work equality in education ∫Ó˘N ø˘e ᢫˘°üûdG Aɢ˘æ˘˘Ñ˘˘d ɢ˘¡˘˘Jɢ˘eõ˘˘∏˘˘à˘˘°ùeh IOÉ«°Sh áq«æe’GC áHÉbôdG äÉq«dɵ°TEG kÉ°ûbÉæe for all. between the healthy and »a ájƒHôàdG èeGôÑdGh ègÉæªdG á«é«JGôà°SG ∑Ó˘¡˘à˘°S’Gh Qɢª˘ã˘à˘°S’G ᢫˘˘dɢ˘ª˘˘°SCGQh ᢢdh~˘˘dG the handicapped. q q q äɢ˘˘e~˘˘˘î˘˘˘dGh êɢ˘˘à˘˘˘f’GE ᢢ˘q«˘˘˘µ˘˘˘«˘˘˘eɢ˘˘æ˘˘˘jO - ¿É˘˘˘æ˘˘˘Ñ˘˘˘d ≈˘˘˘dEG k’ƒ˘˘˘°Uh ,ô˘˘˘«˘˘˘aƒ˘˘˘à˘˘˘dGh ô˘˘˘«˘˘˘ª˘˘˘ã˘˘˘à˘˘˘˘dG π˘˘˘˘Hɢ˘˘˘≤˘˘˘˘e The final summary of the q»˘˘æ˘˘¡˘˘ª˘˘dG •É˘˘°ûæ˘˘dGh ±Qɢ˘˘©˘˘˘ª˘˘˘dɢ˘˘H ɢ˘˘¡˘˘˘Wɢ˘˘Ñ˘˘˘JQGh ådÉãdG QƒëªdG èdÉ©jh .áq«aÉ≤ãdG äÉq«dɵ°TE’G proceedings is followed by ᢢ˘˘q«˘˘˘˘f~˘˘˘˘ª˘˘˘˘dG ᢢ˘˘«˘˘˘˘Hô˘˘˘˘à˘˘˘˘dG - äGô˘˘˘˘«˘˘˘˘î˘˘˘˘dG ™˘˘˘˘˘jRƒ˘˘˘˘˘Jh äɢ˘˘e~˘˘˘î˘˘˘dG ¿É˘˘˘ª˘˘˘°Vh ᢢ˘°ü˘°ü˘dG ô˘˘˘«˘˘˘NC’Gh recommendations. AÉØ©° dG ¥ƒ≤M ¿Éª°V áq«Ø«c - áq«æWGƒªdGh ™˘˘«˘˘ª˘˘é˘˘∏˘˘d ᢢ«˘˘Hô˘˘à˘˘dG ¿É˘˘ª˘˘°V ɢ˘¡˘˘«˘˘a ɢ˘ª˘˘H ᢢqeɢ˘©˘˘˘dG »˘˘˘˘˘a ( ɢ˘˘˘˘j~˘˘˘˘˘°ùL hCG ɢ˘˘˘˘«˘˘˘˘˘qæ˘˘˘˘˘gP hCG ɢ˘˘˘˘qjOɢ˘˘˘˘°üà˘˘˘˘˘bG) .™«ªé∏d πª©dGh - q»YɪàL’Gh q»fÉ°ùf’G AÉ≤JQ’Gh º«∏©àdG ô«aƒJ - á©∏°ùc ’ áe~îc º«∏©àdG ô«aƒJ Edition: 2002 Aɢ˘˘˘jƒ˘˘˘˘°SC’G ø˘˘˘˘«˘˘˘˘H º˘˘˘˘«˘˘˘˘˘∏˘˘˘˘˘©˘˘˘˘˘à˘˘˘˘˘dG »˘˘˘˘˘a IGhɢ˘˘˘˘°ùª˘˘˘˘˘dG Edition: 2003 ISBN: 9953-418-43-8 ISBN: 9953-418-45-4 .º«∏©àdGh á«HôàdG »a q≥ëdG - ø«bƒ©ªdGhq Language: Arabic Language: Arabic .äÉ«°UƒàH ≥aôe ÜÉàµdG ¢üî∏e Number of pages: 100 q Number of Pages: 160

NNU SPIRIT 63 REVIEW LVL„§ZJL LVL„§ZJL LVL„§ZJL LVL„§ZJL The Autostrad: A Meze Culture Lebanon and Auto-mobility BOOK This book, on auto-mobility Ωɢ˘µ˘˘MCG ´ƒ˘˘°Vƒ˘˘e ∫ƒ˘˘M Üɢ˘à˘˘µ˘˘dG Gò˘˘g Qƒ˘˘˘ë˘˘˘ª˘˘˘à˘˘˘j in Lebanon, captures the Aƒ° dG §q∏°ùj ƒgh ¿ÉæÑd »a ôq«°ùdG ácôM development of the inter- ø˘˘˘˘˘˘˘«˘˘˘˘˘˘˘H ∑ô˘˘˘˘˘˘˘à˘˘˘˘˘˘˘°ûª˘˘˘˘˘˘˘dG π˘˘˘˘˘˘˘ª˘˘˘˘˘˘˘©˘˘˘˘˘˘˘dG Qƒ˘˘˘˘˘˘˘£˘˘˘˘˘˘˘Jq ≈˘˘˘˘˘˘˘∏˘˘˘˘˘˘˘Y disciplinary work that was ᢢ˘˘q«˘˘˘˘∏˘˘˘˘c ø˘˘˘˘e â≤˘˘˘˘∏˘˘˘˘£˘˘˘˘fG »˘˘˘˘à˘˘˘˘˘dG äɢ˘˘˘˘°Uɢ˘˘˘˘°üà˘˘˘˘˘N’G created at the Faculty of ¿ƒ˘˘æ˘˘Ø˘˘dGh º˘˘«˘˘ª˘˘°ü˘˘qà˘˘˘dGh ᢢ˘qjQɢ˘˘ª˘˘˘©˘˘˘ª˘˘˘dG ᢢ˘°S~˘˘˘æ˘˘˘¡˘˘˘dG Architecture, Art and ¿hÉ©àdÉH ,Iõjƒq∏dG I~q«°S á©eÉL »a á∏«ªédG Design [FAAD] at Notre ≈Mƒà°SG ~bh .¿ÉæÑd »a iôNCG èeGôH ™e Dame University as well as ô«°ùdG ácôM ~YGƒb G~ÑeC øe ¬Yƒ°Vƒe πª©dG in other design programs ≈dh’GC Iôª∏d ÜÉàµdG OGƒe ¢Vô©oJ .É¡ª¶fh in Lebanon. All the work ,(¢VQÉ©ª∏d âfhôaôJhh õcôe) ähô«H »a was inspired by the theme ∫hq C’G q»˘˘˘dhq~˘˘˘dG ∫ɢ˘˘æ˘˘˘q«˘˘˘Ñ˘˘˘dG ≈˘˘˘dEG ɢ˘˘g~˘˘˘˘©˘˘˘˘H π˘˘˘˘≤˘˘˘˘æ˘˘˘˘Jh Auto-mobility, first to be Qɢ˘˘jCG - ΩGOô˘˘˘JhQ »˘˘˘a ᢢ˘qjQɢ˘˘ª˘˘˘©˘˘˘ª˘˘˘dG ᢢ˘°S~˘˘˘˘æ˘˘˘˘¡˘˘˘˘∏˘˘˘˘d exhibited in Beirut .2003 (Waterfront Exhibition ᢢ©˘˘«˘˘Ñ˘˘˘£˘˘˘dG ¢ùµ˘˘˘©˘˘˘j ¿CG Üɢ˘˘à˘˘˘µ˘˘˘dG Gò˘˘˘g ´É˘˘˘£˘˘˘à˘˘˘°SG Center), and then to be dis- áaÉ≤ãd IOq~ëªdG á©«Ñ£dGh ´ƒ°Vƒª∏d áqjƒ«ëdG played at the First »a á«∏MÉ°ùdG (áeÉ©dG ¥ô£dG) äGOGôà°SƒJhC’G International Architecture ∫ɪYC’ Qƒ°U ≈dEG áaÉ°VE’ÉH ,qº° j ƒgh .¿ÉæÑd Biennnale Rotterdam-May ä’É≤ªdG øe kGO~Y ò«ØæàdG ~«b iôNCGh Iò≤æe 2003. Gò˘˘¡˘˘H ᢢ≤˘˘∏˘˘©˘˘à˘˘ª˘˘dG äɢ˘°ü˘˘q∏˘˘ª˘˘˘dGh äɢ˘˘eƒ˘˘˘∏˘˘˘©˘˘˘ª˘˘˘dGh The book captures the .´ƒ°VƒªdG Catholic Schools in the vibrant nature of the topic and the specific nature of United States the coastal highway culture in Lebanon. In addition to numerous images of final This is a thorough study on ᢢ≤˘˘«˘˘ª˘˘Y ᢢ°SGQO Üɢ˘à˘˘˘µ˘˘˘dG Gò˘˘˘g π˘˘˘µ˘˘˘°ûj and developmental work, Catholic education in the ᫵«dƒKɵdG á«HôàdG ∫ƒM á«∏«°üØJh the content includes United States. The author ÖJɵdG ìô°ûj .I~ëàªdG äÉj’ƒdG »a numerous essays, stories explains in his book the ≈dEG ΩGõàd’G ø«H ábÓ©dG ¬dÓN øe and briefs related to the relationship between com- ¢SQG~˘˘˘˘˘˘ª˘˘˘˘˘˘∏˘˘˘˘˘˘d Iõ˘˘˘˘˘˘«˘˘˘˘˘˘ª˘˘˘˘˘˘ª˘˘˘˘˘˘dG ᢢ˘˘˘˘dɢ˘˘˘˘˘°Sô˘˘˘˘˘˘˘dG subject. mitment to the distinctive Aɢ˘˘°VQE’Gh ´É˘˘˘æ˘˘˘à˘˘˘b’Gh ᢢ˘«˘˘˘µ˘˘˘«˘˘˘dƒ˘˘˘Kɢ˘˘µ˘˘˘dG mission of Catholic schools á«°ùjQ~àdG áÄ«¡dG AÉ° YC’ »Ø«XƒdG Edition: 2003 and the job satisfaction of ¿CG ≈˘˘˘˘˘dEG ô˘˘˘˘˘˘«˘˘˘˘˘˘°ûj ɢ˘˘˘˘˘ª˘˘˘˘˘˘c .äɢ˘˘˘˘˘«˘˘˘˘˘˘∏˘˘˘˘˘˘µ˘˘˘˘˘˘dGh ISBN: 9953-418-47-0 the faculty members. He ¿ƒª∏©ªdG É¡«dEG »ªàæj »àdG äÉ«Ø∏îdG Language: English indicates that the teachers' áÄ«g ôjƒ£Jh AÉ°SQEG »a kG~L ᪡e Number of pages: 160 backgrounds are impor- .IOGQE’Gh á«LÉàfE’ÉH ᪩Øe á«°ùjQ~J Price: L.L. 30,000 // US$ 20 tant in developing a teach- äÉ°ù°Sq DƒªdG QhOh ádÉ°SQ ¢ûbÉæj ɪc ing staff contented in their áaô©ªdGh ¿ÉªjE’G »àjƒ¡H õ«ªàJ »àdG work and willing. He dis- .…ƒ˘˘˘Hô˘˘˘Jh »˘˘˘˘MhQ Ωɢ˘˘˘¶˘˘˘˘æ˘˘˘˘H ∞˘˘˘˘°üà˘˘˘˘Jh cusses the mission and role ¢SQG~˘ª˘dG ¿CG ¬˘˘dƒ˘˘≤˘˘H ÖJɢ˘µ˘˘dG º˘˘à˘˘î˘˘jh of institutions distin- äɢ˘˘˘µ˘˘˘˘Ñ˘˘˘˘°T{ ô˘˘˘˘Ñ˘˘˘˘à˘˘˘˘©˘˘˘˘J ᢢ˘˘«˘˘˘˘µ˘˘˘˘«˘˘˘˘dƒ˘˘˘˘˘Kɢ˘˘˘˘µ˘˘˘˘˘dG guished by the two identi- .É¡JGòH áªFÉb z᪶fG{C ’ zá£HGôàe ties of faith and knowl- edge, and characterized by the spiritual and educa- tional value system. The author highlights that the Edition: 2003 Catholic Schools are seen ISBN: 9953-418-46-2 as "networks" rather than Language: English "systems". Number of pages: Price: Author: Fr. Roger Chikri

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