M. Ottenbacher1 T. Mukhambetov2 * CLUSTER APPROACH IN

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M. Ottenbacher1 T. Mukhambetov2 * CLUSTER APPROACH IN ISSN 2522-1043 еISSN 2522-1043 Central Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities №1 (2021) https://jhumansoc-sc.kaznu.kz IRSTI 06.71.57 https://doi.org/10.26577/CAJSH.2021.v7.i1.06 M. Ottenbacher1 T. Mukhambetov2 * 1 Heilbronn University of Applied Sciences, Germany, Heilbronn 2Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Almaty *e-mail: [email protected] CLUSTER APPROACH IN CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM (CASE OF THE CENTRAL ASIAN SECTION OF SILK ROAD) Modern social and economic science pays little attention to the development of tourism based on new approaches to its management and organization. As a result, the most important sector of the economy develops in practice on the basis of not always effective traditional models. The research problem of the development of a new approach to the organization of tourism products with cross-border nature is developed in this article. The purpose was to develop a methodological toolkit for the development of cross-border tourism based on the cluster approach. To achieve this goal, the study design was based on the study of tourism features that affect the planning and clustering process. The highlighted stages of clustering in the form of identifying tourism objects, designing clusters, forming cluster structures form the basis of a new socio-economic model of the tourism industry. To design a regional cross-border tourism cluster, a method is substantiated and applied to correlate all indicators of cluster tourism development to the number of cultural and historical objects. The selected 19 indicators of development are combined into 6 groups, which make it possible to comprehensively assess the cluster organization of tourism in the region. The approbation of the indicators was carried out on the example of all five countries of the Central Asian section of the Silk Road. Model calculations of the developed set of analytical cluster indicators made it possible to combine the identified objects in each region into homogeneous clusters. In this case, Ward’smethod was used, and the square of the Euclidean distance was used as the objective function and criterion of similarity and difference. The proposed cluster maps make it possible to activate and increase the competitiveness of the tourism product as a whole and give impetus to socio-economic development in each country of the Central Asian region. Key words: tourism, tourism competitiveness, social and economic development of the region, the Silk Road, tourism cluster, cluster design. M. Ottenbacher1, T. Мухамбетов2* 1 Хайльброн жоғарғы мектебі, Германия, Хейльбронн қ. 2 Әл-Фараби атындағы Қазақ ұлттық университеті, Қазақстан, Алматы қ. *e-mail: [email protected] Мәдени-тарихи туризмдегі трансшекаралық кластерлерді жоспарлау, сәйкестендіру және дамыту («Жібек жолы» Орталық Азия учаскесінің мысалында) Қазіргі әлеуметтік-экономикалық ғылым туризмді басқаруға және ұйымдастыруға жаңа тәсілдер негізінде дамытуға онша назар аудармайды. Нәтижесінде экономиканың маңызды саласы дәстүрлі салалық модельдер негізінде іс жүзінде дамиды. Бұл саланың тиімділігі мен дамуын айтарлықтай төмендетеді. Трансшекаралық сипаттағы туристік өнімді ұйымдастырудың жаңа тәсілін әзірлеудің зерттеу проблемасы осы мақалада жасалған. Мәселенің шешімі авторлардың Жібек жолы туристік өнімінің бәсекеге қабілеттілігін күрт артты- ра алатын, туристердің туристік бағыт ретінде Орталық Азия аймағына деген қызығушылығын арттыратын туристік кластерлер құру туралы ұсынысына негізделген. Осы зерттеудің мақсаты – Орталық Азия аймағы үшін негізгі туристік өнім – Жібек жолы мысалында кластерлік тәсіл негізінде трансшекаралық туризмді дамытудың әдістемелік құралдарын жасау. Мақсатқа жету үшін оқу дизайны туризмнің жоспарлау және кластерлеу процесіне әсер ететін ерекшеліктерін зерттеу- ге негізделген. Туризм объектілерін анықтау, кластерлерді жобалау, кластерлік құрылымдарды қалыптастыру түріндегі кластерлеудің бөлінген кезеңдері туристік индустрияның жаңа әлеуметтік-экономикалық моделінің негізін құрайды. Аймақтық трансшекаралық туризм кластерін жобалау үшін әдіс негізделген және кластерлік туризмді дамытудың барлық көрсеткіштерін мәдени-тарихи нысандардың санына сәйкестендіруге арналған. Дамудың таңдалған 19 индикаторы 6 топқа біріктірілген, бұл аймақтағы туризмнің кластерлік ұйымдастырылуын жан-жақты бағалауға мүмкіндік береді. Көрсеткіштерді апробациялау Жібек жолының Орталық Азия учаскесінің барлық бес елінің мысалында жүргізілді. Әзірленген аналитикалық кластерлік индикаторлар жиынтығының модельдік есептеулері әр аймақта анықталған объектілерді біртектес кластер- © 2021 al-Farabi Kazakh National University Cluster approach in cultural heritage tourism ге біріктіруге мүмкіндік берді. Бұл жағдайда Уордтың әдісі қолданылып, ұқсастық пен айырмашылықтың мақсаты мен критерийі ретінде Евклид қашықтығының квадраты қолданылды. Ұсынылып отырған кластерлік карталар тұтастай алғанда туристік өнімнің бәсекеге қабілеттілігін белсендіруге және арттыруға мүмкіндік береді және Орталық Азия аймағының әр елінде әлеуметтік-экономикалық дамуға серпін береді. Түйін сөздер: туризм, туристік бәсекеге қабілеттілік, аймақтың әлеуметтік-экономикалық дамуы, Жібек жолы, туристік кластер, кластер дизайны. M. Ottenbacher1, T. Мухамбетов2* 1 Хайльброннская высшая школа, Германия, г. Хейльбронн 2 Казахский национальный университет имени аль-Фараби, Казахстан, г. Алматы *e-mail: [email protected] Планирование, идентификация и развитие трансграничных кластеров в культурно-историческом туризме (пример центральноазиатского участка «Шелкового пути») Современная социальная и экономическая наука мало уделяет внимания развитию туризма на основе но- вых подходов к его менеджменту и организации. В результате важнейшая отрасль экономики на практике развивается на основе традиционных моделей отрасли. Это значительно снижает эффективность и развитие отрасли. Исследовательская проблема развития нового подхода к организации туристических продуктов, име- ющих трансграничных характер, развивается в данной статье. Решение проблемы основывается на предложе- нии авторов по созданию туристических кластеров, которые способны резко повысить конкурентоспособность туристического продукта «Шелковый Путь», повысить интерес туристов к региону Центральной Азии, как ту- ристическому направлению. Целью данного исследования является разработка методологического инструмен- тария для развития трансграничного туризма на основе кластерного подхода на примере главного для региона Центральной Азии туристического продукта «Шелковый Путь». Для реализации цели дизайн исследования был построен на изучении особенностей туризма, которые влияют на процесс планирования и проведения кластеризации. Выделенные этапы осуществления класте- ризации в виде идентификации объектов туризма, проектирования кластеров, формирования кластерных структур составляют основу новой социально-экономической модели отрасли туризма. Для проектирования регионального трансграничного туристического кластера обосновывается и применяется способ соотнесения всех показателей кластерного развития туризма к количеству культурно-исторических объектов. Выделенные 19 показателей развития объединены в 6 групп, позволяющих комплексно оценить кластерную организацию туризма в регионе. Апробация показателей осуществлена на примере всех пяти стран центральноазиатского участка Шелкового Пути. Модельные расчеты выработанного набора аналитических кластерных показателей позволили объединить идентифицированные объекты в каждом регионе в однородные кластеры. При этом применялся Ward’smethod, а в качестве целевой функции и критерия схожести и различия применялся квадрат Евклидова расстояния. Предложенные кластерные карты позволяют активизировать и повысить конкуренто- способность туристического продукта в целом и дать толчок социально-экономическому развитию в каждой стране центральноазиатского региона. Ключевые слова: туризм, конкурентоспособность туризма, социальное и экономическое развитие регио- на, Шелковый Путь, туристический кластер, проектирование кластера. Introduction termine the procedure and procedure for planning, creating and further developing the cluster approach The cluster approach is widely developed in in the Cultural Heritage form of tourism. Planning many industries, including tourism. However, some and organization of clusters are based on a detailed types and types of tourism have significant specific- study of the planning stages and the organization of ity. Cultural Heritage Tourism is one of these types the macro cluster. This approach includes the steps of tourism, which has its own characteristics. These of identifying potential miniclusters, their compara- features greatly affect the process and order of the tive analysis according to the criteria and indicators integration of tourism resources into clusters. Unfor- of clustering, the design of clusters directly and the tunately, many studies on clustering are of a general creation of management by macrocluster. nature and cannot often answer practical questions The practical application for the Central Asian about planning and conducting clustering. segment of the Silk Road will allow to develop spe- The objectives of this study were to identify those cific indicators for planning clusters in this tourism features of cultural and historical tourism, which de- product. The proposed indicators are applicable to 50 Ottenbacher M., Mukhambetov T. any tourist product in cultural heritage tourism. On that tourism has many types and features within each their basis, further
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