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Hemşirelik Bilişimi

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Hemşirelik Bilişimi HEMŞİRELİK BİLİŞİMİ HEMŞİRELİK LİSANS TAMAMLAMA PROGRAMI Editör DOÇ. DR. SELDA SEÇGİNLİ İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ AÇIK VE UZAKTAN EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ AÇIK VE UZAKTAN EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ HEMŞİRELİK LİSANS TAMAMLAMA PROGRAMI HEMŞİRELİK BİLİŞİMİ Editör Doç. Dr. Selda SEÇGİNLİ YAZAR NOTU Elinizdeki bu eser, Hemşirelik Bilişimi alanında hazırlanmış bir ders notu niteliğindedir. Eserin, AUZEF Hemşirelik Bölümünde eğitimine devam eden öğrencilerimize faydalı olmasını dileriz. Doç. Dr. Selda SEÇGİNLİ Yrd. Doç. Dr. Gülhan COŞANSU 4 ÖNSÖZ Sevgili öğrenciler, Günümüzde sağ lık verisinin üretildiği pek çok kurumda uygulamalar elektronik ortamda sağlık bilgi sistemleri ile yönetilmektedir. Sağlık kurumlarında kâğ ıtsız uygulamalara doğ ru hızlı bir değ iş im ve geliş im yaş anmakta, sağ lık çalışanlarının bu değişime uyum sağlamaları önem kazanmaktadır. Sağlık alanında çok sık yapılan ölçüm, görüntüleme, değerlendirme, kayıt, raporlama ve paylaşma gibi işlemlerden dolayı her geçen gün artan sağlık bilgisinin yönetimi önem kazanmıştır. Bu nedenle, sağlık bilgisini yönetecek gerekli bilgi ve beceriye sahip sağlık çalışanlarına ihtiyaç artmıştır. Bu noktada, sağlık alanında yaşanan değişimlerden tüm sağlık disiplinleri gibi hemşirelik mesleği de etkilenmiştir. Hemşireler her geçen gün hızla artan hemşirelik ve sağlık bilgisinin yönetiminde sağlık bilgi sistemlerini yoğun bir şekilde kullanmaya başlamıştır. Bu değişimler sağ lık biliş imi ve tıp biliş imi ile birlikte hemş irelik biliş iminin de gelişimine neden olmuştur. Hemşirelik bilişimi, 1992 yılında Amerikan Hemş ireler Birliğ i tarafından hemşirelikte bir uzmanlık alanı olarak kabul edilmiş ve bu yıldan itibaren önemli bir gelişim göstermiştir. Hemş irelik biliş imi, hemş irelik bakımının planlanmasından değerlendirilmesine kadar tüm alanlarda bilgisayar biliminin, bilgi biliminin ve hemşirelik biliminin birlikte kullanılması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Uluslararası Tıp Biliş imi Derneğ i-Hemş irelik Biliş imi Grubu’na (IMIA Special Interest Group on Nursing Informatics, 2009) göre, hemşirelik bilişimi, bireylerin, grupların ve toplumun sağlığını geliştirmek ve iyileştirmek amacıyla hemşirelik verilerinin paylaşılması, işlenmesi ve yönetilmesi için bilgisayar bilimi ve bilgi biliminin kullanılmasıdır. Diğer bir ifade ile sağlık bilgi sistemlerinde hemşirelik bilgisine nasıl ulaşılacağı, hemşirelik verilerinin nasıl elde edileceği, nasıl kullanılacağı, nasıl kayıt altına alınacağı ve ne şekilde saklanacağını tariflemektedir. Hemşirelik Bilişimi kitabının amacı, İstanbul Üniversitesi Açık ve Uzaktan Eğitim Fakültesi Hemşirelik Lisans Programı öğ rencilerine “temel bilişim terminolojisi, sağlık bilgi sistemleri, hemşirelik bilişimi, bilişim hemşireliği yeterlilikleri, rolleri ve eğitimi, hemşirelikte ortak dil ve hemşirelik sınıflama sistemleri, elektronik sağlık kayıtları, omaha sistemi, vaka çalışması, e-sağlık, telesağlık, teletıp, telehemşirelik, sağlık bilgi sistemlerinde güvenlik ve mahremiyet, kişisel sağlık verilerinin korunması ve etik” konuları hakkında bilgi vermektir. Hemşirelik bilişimi ve bu alan ile ilişkili diğer konuları içeren bu kitap, on dört üniteden oluş maktadır. Kitaptaki yedi ünite tarafımdan, yedi ünite de Yrd. Doç. Dr. Gülhan COŞANSU tarafından yazılmıştır. Hemşirelik Bilişimi kitabının siz sevgili öğrencilere yararlı olmasını diliyorum. Editör Doç. Dr. Selda SEÇGİNLİ Ağustos 2016, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Şişli i ÖNSÖZ ....................................................................................................................................... i KISALTMALAR ....................................................................................................................... 1 YAZAR NOTU .......................................................................................................................... 4 1. TEMEL BİLİŞİM TERMİNOLOJİSİ .................................................................................... 5 1.1. Veri, Enformasyon, Bilgi .................................................................................................. 11 1.1.1. Veri ....................................................................................................................... 11 1.1.2. Enformasyon ......................................................................................................... 11 1.1.3. Bilgi ...................................................................................................................... 11 1.2. Bilişim ............................................................................................................................... 12 1.3. Bilgisayarlar ...................................................................................................................... 13 1.3.1. Donanım ve Yazılım ............................................................................................. 14 1.3.2. Bilgisayar Ağı (Network) ..................................................................................... 14 1.3.3. Bilgisayar Çeşitleri ............................................................................................... 15 1.4. Veri Tabanı ........................................................................................................................ 20 1.5. Veri İletişimi ..................................................................................................................... 20 1.5.1. Veri İletişiminin Temel Bileşenleri ...................................................................... 20 1.5.2. Veri Transfer Modelleri ........................................................................................ 21 1.6. İnternet .............................................................................................................................. 21 1.7. Veri Madenciliği ............................................................................................................... 22 2. SAĞLIK BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİNE GİRİŞ ........................................................................... 29 2.1. Bilgi Sistemleri .................................................................................................................. 35 2.2. Sağlık Bilgi Sistemleri ...................................................................................................... 36 2.2.1. Sağlık Bilgi Sistemlerini Oluşturan Yapılar ......................................................... 38 3. SAĞLIK BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİ: .......................................................................................... 49 DÜNYADAKİ VE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ DURUM ...................................................................... 49 3.1. Sağlık Bilgi Sistemleri ...................................................................................................... 55 3.1.1. Dünyada Sağlık Bilgi Sistemlerinde Yaşanan Gelişmeler ................................... 56 3.2.2. Ülkemizde Sağlık Bilgi Sistemlerinde Yaşanan Gelişmeler ................................ 56 4. SAĞLIK BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİ: .......................................................................................... 66 BİRİNCİ BASAMAK BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİ VE .................................................................... 66 HASTANE BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİ ........................................................................................... 66 4.1. Birinci Basamak Sağlık Hizmetleri ................................................................................... 72 ii 4.2. Birinci Basamak Sağlık Bilgi Sistemleri ........................................................................... 73 4.3. Hastane Bilgi Sistemleri .................................................................................................... 75 5. HEMŞİRELİK BİLİŞİMİ .................................................................................................... 82 5.1. Bilgi Teknolojileri ............................................................................................................. 88 5.2. Sağlık Bilişimi ................................................................................................................... 88 5.3. Hemş irelı̇ k Bilişimi ........................................................................................................... 89 6. BİLİŞİM HEMŞİRELİĞİ, YETERLİLİKLERİ, ROLLERİ VE EĞİTİMİ ......................... 99 6.1. Hemşirelik Bilişimi ......................................................................................................... 105 6.2. Bilişim Hemşireliği ......................................................................................................... 106 6.3. Hemşirelik Bilişimi Yeterlilikleri/ Yetkinlikleri ............................................................. 107 6.4. Hemşirelik Bilişimi Uygulama Standartları .................................................................... 108 6.5. Bilişim Hemşiresinin Rolleri ........................................................................................... 109 6.6. Bilişim Hemşireliği Eğitimi ............................................................................................ 110 7. HEMŞİRELİKTE ORTAK DİL VE HEMŞİRELİK SINIFLAMA SİSTEMLERİ .......... 116 7.1. Hemşirelikte Ortak Dil .................................................................................................... 122 7.2. Hemşirelik Sınıflama Sistemleri ..................................................................................... 122 7.3. Hemşirelik Bilgi Sistemleri ............................................................................................
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