Zinn & the Art of Mountain Bike Maintenance

Home , Bicycle chain, Bicycle frame, Bicycle suspension, Bottom bracket, Cable guide, Cogset

Integrated shifters CHAPTER 5

FOR ALL Carbon frames Integrated headsets MOUNTAIN Dropper CHAPTER 17 + seatposts CHAPTER 12 HYBRID CHAPTER 14 BICYCLES

Shock rebuilds CHAPTER 17

Through-axle forks CHAPTER 16 12-speed cassettes CHAPTER 8 Hydraulic Electronic disc brakes shifting CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 6

Carbon wheels CHAPTER 8 PressFit CHAPTER 11 Tubeless tires CHAPTER 7 Chain care CHAPTER 4 Clip-in pedals CHAPTER 13 Zinn & the Art of Mountain Bike Maintenance, 6th Edition Text copyright © 2018 by Lennard Zinn Illustrations copyright © 2018 by VeloPress

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Name: Zinn, Lennard, author. Title: Zinn & the art of mountain bike maintenance : the world’s best-selling guide to mountain bike repair / Lennard Zinn. Other titles: Zinn and the art of mountain bike maintenance | Zinn and the art of mountain bike maintenance Description: 6th edition. | Boulder, Colorado : VeloPress, [2018] | Earliest edition bears title: Zinn and the art of mountain bike maintenance. Identifiers: LCCN 2017058778 | ISBN 9781937715472 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Mountain bikes—Maintenance and repair—Handbooks, manuals, etc. Classification: LCC TL430 .Z56 2018 | DDC 629.28/772—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017058778

This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper).

Cover and interior design by Erin Farrell / Factor E Creative Cover photographs by Brad Kaminski Front cover bike built by Lennard Zinn Custom paint job on front cover bike by Spectrum Paint & Powder Works 1983 Ritchey “Faux Lugs” Competition courtesy of The Pro’s Closet, Boulder, CO, www.theproscloset.com Illustrations by Mike Reisel and Todd Telander

18 19 20 / 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS

Introduction xiii MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR 1 Tools 1 2 Basic Stuff 15 3 Emergency Repairs 33 4 Chains 49 5 Cable-Shift Transmissions 67 6 Electronic Shifting Systems 113 7 Tires 139 8 Wheels 153 9 Disc Brakes 183 10 Rim Brakes 211 11 Cranks and Bottom Brackets 235 12 Handlebars, Stems, and Headsets 263 13 Pedals 293 14 Saddles and Seatposts 311 15 Wheelbuilding 329 16 Forks 349 17 Frames 389 APPENDIXES A Troubleshooting Index 415 B Gear Development 421 C Mountain Bike Fitting 429 D Torque Table 437

Glossary 451 Bibliography 463 Index 465 Illustration Index 479 About the Author and Illustrators 484 I.1 Believe it or not, you will be able to put all of this back together!

INTRODUCTION Peace of mind isn’t at all superficial, really. It’s the whole thing. That which produces it is good maintenance; that which disturbs it is poor maintenance. What we call workability of the machine is just an objectification of this peace of mind. The ultimate test’s always your own serenity. If you don’t have this when you start and maintain it while you’re working, you’re likely to build your personal problems right into the machine itself. —ROBERT M. PIRSIG, ZEN AND THE ART OF MOTORCYCLE MAINTENANCE

This book is intended for people who have an interest romantic can follow the simple step-by-step procedures in maintaining their own mountain bikes. I have written and “exploded” diagrams in this book (of which Fig. I.1 is it for mountain bike owners who do not think they’re an extreme example and is the only one not intended to capable of working on their own bikes, as well as for be simple and clear!) and discover a passion for spread- those who do and who want the how-to details at their ing new grease on old parts. fingertips. Zinn & the Art of Mountain Bike Maintenance is In Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, the organized in such a way that you can pick maintenance late Robert Pirsig explores the dichotomy between the tasks appropriate for your level of confidence and inter- purely classical and purely romantic views of the world, est. The repairs in these pages require no special skills a dichotomy that also applies to mountain biking. Riding to perform; anyone can do them. It takes only a willing- a mountain bike is generally a romantic experience of ness to learn. emotion, inspiration, and intuition, even when solving Mountain bikes are admirably resilient machines. the complex physics of how to negotiate a technical sec- You can keep one running a long time just by changing tion of trail without putting your foot down. Mountain the tires and occasionally lubricating the chain. Chapter bike mechanics, however, is a purely classical structure 2 is about the most minimal maintenance your bike of underlying form dominated by reason and physi- requires. Even if that is the only part of this book you cal laws. The two practices—mountain bike riding and end up using, you’ll have gotten your money’s worth by mountain bike maintenance—fit eloquently together. avoiding some unpleasant experiences out on the trail. Each is designed to function in a particular way, and to This book is intended for home enthusiasts, have one without the other would be missing out on not professional mechanics. For that reason, I have not half the fun. included the long and precise lists of parts specifica- The romantic can appreciate how success at bike tions that a shop mechanic might need. Nonetheless, mechanics requires that the procedures be done with when combined with a specification manual, this book love, without which the care you imagined putting into can be a useful, easy-to-follow reference for bike shop xiii your mountain bike would be lost. And even the pure mechanics, too. xiv

WHY DO IT YOURSELF? rather than being reluctant to ride for fear of breaking There are a number of reasons why you would want to something. maintain your own mountain bike. Obviously, if done Also, if you share my stubborn unwillingness to right, it is a lot cheaper to do yourself than to pay some- throw something out and buy a replacement simply one else to do it. This is certainly an important factor because it has quit working—be it a leaky Waterpik; a for those riders who live to ride and have no visible torn tent; a duffle bag with a broken zipper; or an old car, means of support. Self-maintenance is a necessity for dishwasher, clock, or chainsaw that is no longer running that crew. well—then this book is for you. It is satisfying to keep an As your income goes up and the time available to old piece of equipment running long past its prime, and maintain your bike goes down, this becomes less and it’s a great learning experience! less true. If you’re a well-paid professional with limited There is also something very liberating about going free time, it probably does not make as much economic on a long ride and knowing that you can fix just about sense to maintain your own bike. Yet you may find that anything that might go wrong with your bike out on the you enjoy working on your bike for reasons other than trail. Armed with this knowledge (which begins with just saving money. Unless you have a mechanic whom learning to identify the parts of a mountain bike, shown you trust and to whom you take your bike regularly, you in Fig. I.2) and the tools to put it into action, you will have are not likely to find anyone else who cares as much more confidence to explore new areas and to go farther about your bicycle’s smooth operation and cleanliness than you might have otherwise. as you do. You may also need your bike fixed faster than To illustrate, an experience from way back in 1995 a local shop can do during its busy season. And you comes to mind, when I took a day to ride the entire 110- need to be able to fix mechanical breakdowns that occur mile White Rim Trail loop in Utah’s Canyonlands National on the trail. Park. It is quite dry and desolate out there, and I was It is a given: Breakdowns will happen, even if you completely alone with the sky, the sun, and the rocks for have the world’s best mechanic working on your bike. long stretches. I had a good mileage base in my legs, so For this reason, it takes away from my enjoyment of a I knew I was physically capable of doing the ride during ride if I have something on my bike that I do not under- the limited daylight hours of late October. I had checked, stand well enough to know whether it is likely to last the replaced, or adjusted practically every part of my bike ride or how to fix it if it does not. in the weeks before the ride. I had also ridden the There is an aspect of bicycle mechanics that can be bike on long rides close to Moab in the preceding days extremely enjoyable in and of itself, almost independent and knew that it was in good running order. Finally, I of riding the bike. Bicycles are the epitome of elegant sim- added to my saddlebag tool kit a few tools that I do not plicity. Bicycle parts, particularly high-end components, ordinarily carry. are meant to work well and last a long time. The best I knew that there was very little chance of anything ones are designed and engineered by people who care going wrong with my bike, and with the tools I had, I deeply about them and how they work. With the proper could fix almost anything short of a broken frame on the attention, these parts can shine both in appearance and trail. Armed with this knowledge and experience, I really in performance for years to come. There is real satisfac- enjoyed the ride! I stopped and gawked at almost every tion in dismantling a filthy part that is not functioning well, breathtaking vista, vertical box canyon, colorful bal- cleaning it up, lubricating it with fresh grease, and reas- anced rock, or windblown arch. I took scenic detours. sembling it so that it works like new again. Knowing that I knew that I had a good cushion of safety, so I could I made those parts work so smoothly—and that I totally immerse myself in the pleasure of the ride. I had can do it again when they get dirty or worn—is reward- no nagging fear of something going wrong to dilute the ing. I am eager to ride hard to see how they hold up experience.

INTRODUCTION xv

Confidence in your mechanical ability allows you Each chapter starts with a list of required tools in the to be more courageous about what you will try on trails. margin. If a section involves a higher level of work, there And armed with this confidence, you’ll be more willing to will be an icon designating the level and tools necessary share your love of the sport with less experienced riders. to perform the tasks in that section. Tasks and illustra- Bringing new people along on rides is a lot more fun if tions are numbered for easy reference. For instance, you know that you can fix their bikes and they won’t be “3-6” means “see Section 3-6 in Chapter 3.” Illustrations stranded with a junker that won’t roll. are referred to as “Figures,” for instance, “Fig. 3.3.” At the end of some chapters there is a troubleshoot- HOW TO USE THIS BOOK ing section. This is the place to go to identify the source Skim through the entire book. Skip the detailed steps, of a certain noise or particular malfunction in the bike. but look at the exploded diagrams and get the general There is also a comprehensive troubleshooting guide flavor of the book and what’s inside. When it is time to in Appendix A. perform a particular task, you’ll know where to find it, There is a wealth of other valuable information in and you’ll have a basic idea of how to approach it. the appendices. Get used to using them; many tasks will Along with illustrators Todd Telander and Mike be simplified. Reisel, I have done my best to make these pages as Appendix B has complete gear charts for the three understandable as possible. Exploded diagrams are most common mountain-bike wheel sizes, and it also purposefully used instead of photographs to show more includes instructions on calculating your gear with non- clearly how each part goes together. The first time you standard-size wheels. Appendix C is an extensive sec- go through a procedure, you may find it easier to have tion on selecting a properly sized bike and positioning it a friend read the instructions out loud as you perform to fit you. Appendix D lists the tightening specifications the steps. of almost every bolt on the bike in the Torque Table. As Obviously, some maintenance tasks are more com- bike parts become ever lighter and made out of ever plicated than others. I am convinced that anyone with more exotic materials, tightening them to the recom- an opposable thumb can perform virtually any repair on mended torque spec becomes ever more important. a bike. Still, it pays to spend some time getting familiar The glossary is a comprehensive dictionary of moun- with the really simple tasks, such as fixing a flat, before tain bike technical terms. There is a separate index of throwing yourself into complex jobs, such as servicing a the key words as well as of the illustrations in the book suspension fork. if you want to quickly check and see what something looks like. LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 THE MOUNTAIN BIKE Tasks and tools required are divided into three lev- This (Fig. I.2) is the creature to which this book is els indicating their complexity or required proficiency. devoted (in this case, a “hardtail” with cantilever brakes). Level 1 tasks need level 1 tools and require of you only All of a mountain bike’s major parts are illustrated and an eagerness to learn. Level 2 and level 3 tasks also labeled here. Take a minute to familiarize yourself with have corresponding tool sets and are progressively these parts now, and refer back to this diagram when- more difficult. All repairs mentioned in this book are ever necessary. classified as level 1 unless otherwise indicated. Tools The mountain bike comes in a variety of forms, from are shown in Chapter 1. The section at the end of models with rigid frames and forks (Fig. I.3), to hardtails Chapter 2, “Performing Mechanical Work: A General (front suspension only—Fig. I.2), to models with front- and Guide” (2-19), is a must-read; it states general policies rear-suspension systems (Fig. I.4). They can come with and approaches that apply to all mechanical work. rim brakes (Figs. I.2, I.3, and I.5) or disc brakes (Fig. I.4).

INTRODUCTION xvi

I.2 See? There it is, all back together! saddle

seatpost

top tube

cable boss or stop

seatstay seat binder rear brake

seat tube rear cogs/cassette

front derailleur

chain

chainring

rear derailleur chainstay

jockey wheel INTRODUCTION xvii

handlebar

stem headset integrated brake/shift lever

head tube

suspension fork front brake

tire valve stem downtube spoke fork

rim

waterbottle bosses front hub crankarm

clip-in pedal

INTRODUCTION xviii

A mountain bike generally comes with knobby ness to learn, your bike will transform itself from a mys- tires in a 26-inch, 27.5-inch, or 29-inch diameter, and terious contraption seemingly too complicated to tam- fat bikes have their own fatter and taller tires. Smaller per with to a simple, very understandable machine that 24-inch wheels and tires are found on small mountain can be a genuine delight to work on. Just allow yourself bikes. Tire widths and shapes vary and include every- the opportunity and the dignity to follow along, rather thing from studded snow tires to smooth street tires. This than deciding in advance that you will never be able to book also covers “hybrid” bikes (Fig. I.5), which are a do this. All you have to do is follow the instructions and cross between road bikes and mountain bikes. trust yourself. No matter how a mountain bike is configured, even So, set aside your self-image as someone who those who see themselves as having no mechanical is “not mechanically oriented” (and any other factors skills will be able to tackle problems as they arise if that may stand in the way of your making your moun- they study the steps necessary to properly maintain and tain bike ride like a dream), and let’s start playing with repair their bike. With a little bit of practice and a willing- your bike!

I.3 Fully rigid

INTRODUCTION xix I.4 Fully suspended

I.5 Hybrid

INTRODUCTION Behold, we lay a tool here and on the morrow it is gone. —THE BOOK OF MORMON 1 TOOLS

ou can’t do much work on a bike without tools. only to ask your sage advice but also to borrow Y Still, it’s not always clear exactly which tools to your tools. buy. This chapter identifies the tools you should After that, if you really want to go all out and be consider owning on the basis of your level of set up like a pro (and have a line of mechanics wait- mechanical experience and interest. ing to borrow your tools), you can splurge on the set As I mentioned in the Introduction, the main- shown in Figure 1.4. If you loan tools, you might con- tenance and repair procedures in this book are sider marking your collection and keeping a file of classified by their degree of difficulty. Nearly all the who has what to help recover those items that might repairs in this book are classified as level 1, unless otherwise take a long time finding their way back to otherwise indicated. The tools for levels 1, 2, and 3 your workshop. You would be surprised how easy it are pictured and described in the following pages. is to forget who has one of your seldom-used tools Lists of the tools needed in each chapter are shown when you need your snapring pliers or a metric tap. in the margin at the beginning of each chapter. For the uninitiated, there is no need to rush out 1-1 and buy a large number of bike-specific tools. With only a few exceptions, the Level 1 Tool Kit (Fig. 1.1A) LEVEL 1 TOOL KIT consists of standard metric tools. This kit is simi- LEVEL 1 Level 1 repairs are the simplest and do lar to the collection of tools I recommend later in not require a workshop, although it is this chapter to carry with you on rides (Figs. 1.5 and nice to have a good space to work. You will need 1.6), though in a sturdier and more durable form. the following tools (Fig. 1.1A): The Level 2 Tool Kit (Fig. 1.2) contains several bike- • Tire pump with a gauge and a valve chuck specific tools, allowing you to do more complex to match your bike’s tubes (either Presta or work on the bike. The tools in the Level 3 Tool Kit Schrader valves—see Fig. 1.1B; many pumps will (Fig. 1.3) are extensive (and expensive), and they fit both). A spare rubber insert for the chuck is a 1 ensure that your riding buddies will show up not good idea; these wear out. 2 1.1A Level 1 Tool Kit

15mm pedal wrench

chain-elongation gauge tire levers

Phillips-head screwdrivers spare tubes standard chain tool screwdrivers tire pump with gauge spoke wrench

patch pad spacers kit talcum TALCUM powder POWDER chain lube

6" adjustable wrench metric grease hex keys noggin

pliers

needle-nose RUBBING folding metric ALCOHOL hex keys pliers plenty of rags Schrader valve adapter for old Marzocchi and RockShox forks rubbing alcohol

shock pump metric open-end/ box-end wrenches

• Standard screwdrivers: small, medium, and large • Patch kit. Choose one that comes with sandpaper, (one of each). not a metal scratcher, and patches with soft orange • Phillips-head screwdrivers: one small and one rubber backing to the black rubber (Fig. 7.10). At least medium. every year and a half, check that the glue has not • Set of three plastic tire levers (Fig. 7.5). dried up, regardless of whether the tube has been • At least two spare tubes of the same size and valve opened or not. On rides, you may as well take a little type as those on your bike. packet of glueless patches; they don’t work as well • Container of talcum powder for coating the inside of as standard patches, but if the glue in your patch kit tires. Do not inhale this stuff. has dried up, you’ll be glad you have them.

ZINN & THE ART OF MOUNTAIN BIKE MAINTENANCE 3

• One 6-inch adjustable wrench (a.k.a. Crescent 1.1B Valve types wrench). Presta • Pliers: regular and needle-nose. • Set of metric hex keys (a.k.a. Allen wrenches or hex wrenches) that includes 2.5mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 8mm, and 10mm sizes. Folding sets are available and work nicely to keep your wrenches organized. But the folding variety aren’t strong enough or long enough in the big sizes (6mm and up); big bolts Schrader require more leverage so you’ll want the full-size model. I also recommend buying extras of the 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, and 8mm sizes. Schrader valve adapter • Set of metric open-end/box-end wrenches that includes 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 13mm, 14mm, 15mm, and 17mm sizes. • 15mm pedal wrench (Fig. 13.3). This is thinner and longer than a standard 15mm wrench and thicker and Other useful items: stronger than a cone wrench. Your bike’s pedals may • If you have an air-sprung suspension fork or rear accept only a 6mm or 8mm hex key (Fig. 13.4), so you shock, you need a shock pump. Get one with a no- may not need this tool. leak head (Fig. 16.11), and get the adapter you need • Chain tool for disconnecting and reconnecting chains if your bike’s fork requires either a ball needle (Fig. (Figs. 4.10 and 4.11). Older chain tools may be too wide 16.12) or a special adapter to insert inside a sunken for the narrow chains on newer bikes; read the Pro Schrader valve. Tip in Chapter 4 before buying one. • Chain-elongation gauge to monitor the condition of 1-2 the chain (Figs. 4.5 and 4.6). • Spoke wrench that matches the size of the nipples LEVEL 2 TOOL KIT on your bike’s wheels. LEVEL 2 Level 2 repairs are a bit more complex, and • Pad spacers for disc brakes to prevent pushing the I recommend that in addition to assembling pads out too far when the wheel is out. Sometimes these tools you create a well-organized workspace with these have an integrated bleed block and hose- a shop bench. Keeping your workspace organized is clamping groove, which are required for cutting and probably the best way to make maintenance and repair bleeding hydraulic brake hoses. easy and quick. You will need the entire Level 1 Tool Kit • Tube or jar of grease. I recommend using bicycle (Fig. 1.1A) plus the following tools (Fig. 1.2): grease; however, if you already have some automo- • Portable bike stand. Be sure that the stand is sturdy tive grease, you can use it on everything except sus- enough to remain stable when you’re really cranking pension forks and shocks or in twist shifters. on the wrenches. If for some reason you can’t clamp • Drip bottle of chain lubricant (Fig. 4.1). Please choose a your bike’s seatpost, you will need a bike stand that nonaerosol; it is easier to control, uses less packaging, holds the bike by the bottom bracket and the front or and wastes less in overspray. rear end with one wheel out; see the one in Figure 1.4. • Rubbing alcohol for cleaning disc-brake pads, rotors, • Shop apron (to keep your nice duds nice). shocks, and internal parts and for removing and • Tire pressure gauge. It is more accurate than a pump installing handlebar grips. gauge and a must for getting pressure exact for tech- • A lot of rags! nical riding.

1 | TOOLS 4

• Hacksaw with a fine-toothed blade. grooves and for use in removing snaprings from sus- • Box-cutter knife (Fig. 11.32) or razor blades. pension forks, pedals, and other parts. • Files: one round and one flat, not too coarse. • Cone wrenches for loose-bearing hubs (Fig. 8.9). The • Cable cutter for cutting coaxial shift cable housing standard sizes are 13mm, 14mm, 15mm, and 16mm, without crushing it as well as for cutting brake and but check which size you need before buying. shifter cables without fraying. • Medium ball-peen hammer. • Set of metric socket wrenches that includes 7mm, • Two headset wrenches. Be sure to check the size 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 13mm, 14mm, and 15mm sizes. of the headset nuts (Fig. 12.30) before buying these. • Torx keys, which look like hex keys with star-shaped This purchase is unnecessary if your bike has a tips. Torx T10, T25, and T30 are common sizes on threadless headset and you don’t plan to work on old modern bikes. bikes. Some suspension forks have crown nuts that fit • Crank puller for removing crankarms (Fig. 11.6) if you headset wrenches. have an old, three-piece crankset. Its push rod is • Medium bench vise, bolted securely to the bench; sized for either square-taper spindles (Fig. 11.20) or especially useful for working on rear shocks (Figs. ISIS or Octalink spindles (Figs. 11.21 and 11.22); get the 17.9, 17.11, and 17.14). right one for your crankset. • Cassette lockring tool for removing cogs from the • Chainring-nut tool for holding the nut while you rear hub (Figs. 8.27 and 8.28) as well as some Center tighten or loosen a chainring bolt (Fig. 11.9). Lock rotor lockrings (Fig. 9.7). • Chainring-cassette removal tools, if you happen to • Chain whip for holding cogs while loosening the have old Shimano Octalink–style HollowTech I cranks cassette lockring (Fig. 8.28) or a Pedro’s Vise Whip, (Fig. 11.12). which holds the cog more firmly (Fig. 8.27) and won’t • Bottom-bracket tools. For external-bearing cranks fall off like a chain whip does when the freewheel (Fig. 11.2), you’ll need an oversize splined wrench rotates, saving your knuckles when the lockring to remove the cups (Fig. 11.14); this will also remove breaks free. some Center Lock rotor lockrings (Fig. 9.8). For some • Channellock pliers. Shimano cranks, you’ll also need a little splined • Splined pedal-spindle removal tool (Fig. 13.9). tool to tighten the left crank’s adjustment cap. To fit • Tweezers. smaller external-cup sizes without having to buy a • Fine (180 grit) drywall sanding screen for sanding wrench or socket for each size, use a splined step- disc-brake pads. down insert to plug into a standard external-bearing • Valve core removers for both Schrader and Presta splined tool. For sealed-cartridge bottom brackets valves. These are used for tire service and shock (Figs. 11.20 and 11.21), you’ll need a splined bottom- service. bracket socket (Fig. 11.28); if your bike has an ISIS or • Tire sealant for setting up tubeless tires (Fig. 7.17) or Octalink splined-spindle bottom bracket, you’ll need installing into inner tubes for puncture protection. one with a bore large enough to swallow the fatter • Fine-tipped grease gun. spindle (Fig. 11.21), and if your bike has a square-taper • Assembly paste. Especially for seatposts (Fig. 14.7). cartridge bottom bracket (Fig. 11.20), the bigger-bore • Tube of silicone-based grease if you have Grip Shift tool (Fig. 11.21) will work on both types. And for old- shifters. style cup-and-cone and adjustable cartridge-bearing • Nonlithium suspension grease for front and rear bottom brackets (Figs. 11.23 and 11.24), you’ll need a shocks and pivots. lockring spanner and a pin spanner to fit the bottom • Threadlock fluid for keeping bolts tight that have a bracket (Fig. 11.31). tendency to unscrew. • Snapring pliers (Fig. 11.27) for BB30 cranks (Fig. 11.15) • Penetrating oil or ammonia for freeing stuck parts. and other unthreaded bottom brackets with snapring • Sound system laden with good tunes.

ZINN & THE ART OF MOUNTAIN BIKE MAINTENANCE 5

1.2 Level 2 Tool Kit portable bike stand

snapring cone wrenches pliers

ball-peen hammer headset wrenches

hacksaw shop apron cassette and rotor lockring tool

medium bench vise

Channellock pliers chain whip tire pressure files: 1 round, 1 flat gauge Pedro’s Vise Whip

tweezers

splined pedal- spindle removal razor blades or tool box-cutter knife

cable drywall sanding screen cutter valve core removers

Schrader Presta metric Torx T25, T30 socket fine-tipped wrenches wrenches grease gun crank puller

Shimano tire sealant hollow-crank chainring-cassette chainring- tools nut tool silicone grease threadlock fluid

assembly paste integrated-spindle splined external-bearing tool lockring socket sound system spanner wrench

splined pin spanner step- down penetrating insert oil

1 | TOOLS GLOSSARY

adjustable cup the non-drive-side cup in the bottom BB (see “bottom bracket”). bracket (Fig. 11.23). This cup is removed for mainte- bearing (see “ball bearing”). nance of the bottom-bracket spindle and bearings, bearing cone a conical part with a bearing race around and it adjusts the bearings. The term is sometimes its circumference. The cone presses the ball bear- also applied to the top cup of the headset (Figs. ings against the bearing race inside the bearing cup 12.20–12.21). (Fig. 8.6). AheadSet (a trademark of Dia-Compe and Cane Creek; bearing cup (or “headset cup”) a polished, dish- or “threadless headset”): a style of headset that shaped surface inside which ball bearings roll. The allows the use of a fork with a threadless steering bearings roll on the outside of a bearing cone that tube (Fig. 12.6). presses them into their track inside the bearing cup Allen key (or “Allen wrench”) (see “hex key”). (Figs. 8.6, 11.5, 12.19). all-terrain bike (ATB) another term for mountain bike. bearing race a track or surface on which the bearings anchor bolt (or “cable anchor” or “cable anchor bolt” roll. The race can be inside a cup, on the outside of or “cable-fixing bolt”): a bolt securing a cable to a a cone, or inside a cartridge bearing. component (Fig. 5.3). binder bolt a bolt clamping a seatpost in a frame (Fig. Answer Products an American bicycle- and motorcycle- 14.7), a bar end to a handlebar (Fig. 12.7), a stem to a component company and the parent company of handlebar (Fig. 12.5), or securing a threadless steer- Manitou. ing tube (Fig. 12.6). Avid a brake manufacturer, subsidiary of SRAM. bonk (1) v. to run out of fuel for the human body so that axle a shaft around which a part turns, usually on bear- the ability to continue strenuous activity is impaired. ings or bushings. (2) n. the state of having such low blood sugar from axle overlock dimension a length of a hub axle from insufficient intake of calories that the ability to per- dropout to dropout, referring to the distance from form vigorous activity is impaired. locknut face to locknut face (Fig. 17.28). bottom bracket (BB) an assembly that allows the crank ball bearing a set of balls, generally made out of steel to rotate (Fig. 11.13). Generally the bottom-bracket or ceramic, rolling in a track to allow a shaft to spin assembly includes bearings and an axle and on inside a cylindrical part; may also refer to one of the older bikes may include a fixed cup, an adjustable individual balls. cup, and a lockring. bar end a short handlebar extension clamped onto the bottom-bracket drop the vertical distance between end of the handlebar and extending approximately the center of the bottom bracket and a horizontal perpendicular to it (Fig. 12.7). line passing through the wheel-hub centers. Drop is barrel adjuster a threaded cable stop that allows for equal to the wheel radius minus the bottom-bracket fine adjustment of cable tension. Barrel adjusters height (Appendix C, Fig. C.1). are commonly found on rear derailleurs, shifters, bottom-bracket height the height of the center of and brake levers (Figs. 5.3, 5.20–5.21, 10.1) and the bottom-bracket spindle above the ground (see 451 dropper-post remote levers. Appendix C, Fig. C.1). 452

bottom-bracket shell a cylindrical housing at the bot- tubes are thicker and other sections are thinner to tom of a bicycle frame through which the bottom- reduce weight. bracket axle passes (Fig. 11.13). cable (or “inner wire”): wound or braided wire strands brake a mechanical device that decelerates or stops used to operate brakes and derailleurs. the motion of the wheel (and hence of the bicycle cable anchor (see “anchor bolt”). and rider) through friction. cable anchor bolt (see “anchor bolt”). brake block (see “brake pad”). cable boss (see “cable stop”). brake booster an arch-shaped part bolted to the ends cable end cap a cap on the end of a cable that keeps of the brake bosses to reduce the flex of the bosses it from fraying (Fig. 5.26). and seatstays when the cantilever or V-brakes are cable hanger cable stop on a stem, headset washer, applied (Fig. 10.33). fork, or seatstay arch used to stop the brake cable brake boss (or “brake pivot,” or “brake post,” or “can- housing for a cantilever or U-brake (Figs. 10.4–10.6). tilever boss,” or “cantilever pivot,” or “cantilever cable housing (or “outer wire”): a metal-reinforced exte- post”): a fork- or frame-mounted pivot for a brake rior sheath through which a cable passes (Fig. 5.26). arm (Figs. 16.2–16.3, 17.1). cable stop (or “cable boss,” or “cable-housing stop,” brake caliper a brake part fixed to the frame or fork or “outer wire stop”): a fitting on the frame, fork, or containing moving parts attached to brake pads that stem at which a cable-housing segment terminates stop or decelerate a wheel (Figs. 9.11, 9.13, 9.14, 9.17, (Fig. 17.1). 9.19, 9.20, 9.22, 9.24, 9.26, 9.27–9.29). cable-housing stop (see “cable stop”). brake pad (or “brake block”): a block of rubber or simi- cage two guiding plates through which the chain trav- lar material used to slow the bike by creating friction els. Both the front and rear derailleurs have cages. on the rim, hub-mounted disc, or other braking sur- The cage on the rear also holds the jockey pulleys. face (Figs. 9.1–9.3, 9.5, 9.24, 9.27–9.29). Also, a water-bottle holder. brake pivot (see “brake boss”). caliper (see “brake caliper” and “measuring caliper”). brake post (see “brake boss”). Campagnolo an Italian bicycle-component company. brake shoe a metal pad holder that secures the brake Cane Creek (originally Dia-Compe USA): American pad to the brake arm (Fig. 10.14). bicycle-component company and originator of the braze-on boss a generic term for most metal frame threadless headset. attachments, even those not brazed but rather cantilever boss (see “brake boss”). welded or glued to the frame. cantilever brake a cable-operated rim brake consisting brazing a method commonly used to construct steel of two opposing arms pivoting on frame- or fork- bicycle frames. Brazing involves the use of brass or mounted posts. Pads mounted to each brake arm silver solder to connect frame tubes and attach vari- are pressed against the braking surface of the rim ous “braze-on” items, such as brake bosses, cable via cable tension from the lever (Figs. 10.16–10.32). guides, and rack mounts, to the frame. Although it cantilever pivot (see “brake boss”). is rarely done, it is also possible to braze aluminum cantilever post (see “brake boss”). and titanium. cartridge bearing ball bearings encased in a cartridge bushing a metal or plastic sleeve that acts as a simple consisting of steel inner and outer rings, ball retain- bearing in pedals, suspension forks, rear shocks ers, and sometimes bearing covers (Figs. 8.5, 8.23, and shock-mounting points, suspension swingarms, 11.31). derailleur pivots, and jockey wheels. cassette a group of cogs that mounts on a freehub (Fig. butted tubing a common type of frame tubing with 8.23); also, a group of chainrings that mounts on a varying wall thicknesses. Butted tubing is designed spiderless crankarm (Fig. 11.12). to accommodate high-stress points; the ends of the cassette hub (see “freehub”).

GLOSSARY 453 casting (see “outer leg”). cone a threaded conical nut that serves to hold a set of chain a series of metal links held together by pins and bearings in place and also provides a smooth surface used to transmit energy from the crank to the rear upon which those bearings can roll (Fig. 8.6); can also wheel (Fig. 4.1). refer to the conical (or male) member of any cup-and- chain link a single unit of bicycle chain consisting of cone ball-bearing system (see also “bearing cone”). four plates with a roller on each end and in the crank bolt (see “crankarm anchor bolt”). center (Fig. 4.7). crank length the distance between the centerline of chain suck a dragging of the chain by the chainring the bottom-bracket spindle and the centerline of the past the release point at the bottom of the chainring. pedal axle (Appendix C, Fig. C.4). The chain can be dragged upward until it is jammed crankarm a lever attached at the bottom-bracket between the chainring and the chainstay (Fig. 4.27). spindle and to the pedal used to transmit a rider’s chain whip (or “chain wrench”): a flat piece of steel, energy to the chain (Fig. 11.1). usually attached to two lengths of chain (Fig. 1.2). crankarm anchor bolt (or “crank bolt”): a bolt attaching This tool is used to remove the rear cogs on a free- the crank to the bottom-bracket spindle on a cotter- hub or freewheel. (See also “Vise Whip,” a more less drivetrain (Fig. 11.1). robust and secure substitute for this tool.) crankset an assembly that includes a bottom bracket, chainline an imaginary line connecting the center of two crankarms, a chainring set, and accompanying the middle chainring with the middle of the cogset. nuts and bolts (Fig. 11.1). This line should, in theory, be straight and parallel to cross-three (see “three-cross”). the vertical plane passing through the center of the crowfoot socket (see “crowfoot wrench”). bicycle. The chainline is measured as the distance crowfoot wrench (or “crowfoot socket” or “crow’s from the center of the seat tube to the center of the foot”): a flat, open-end wrench head with a square middle chainring (5-50, Fig. 5.61). hole at its base to accept the drive stub of a socket chainring a multiple-tooth sprocket attached to the wrench or torque wrench (Fig. 1.3). right crankarm (Fig. 11.1). crow’s foot (see “crowfoot wrench”). chainring-nut tool a tool used to secure the chainring cup a cup-shaped bearing surface that surrounds the nuts while tightening the chainring bolts (Fig. 1.2). bearings in a bottom bracket (Fig. 11.13), headset (Fig. chainstay a frame tube on a bicycle connecting the 12.19), or hub (Fig. 8.6) (see also “bearing cup”). Also, bottom-bracket shell to the rear dropout and hence the upper part of the shaft-eyelet assembly of a rear to the rear hub axle (Figs. 17.1–17.2). shock (the big end of the shock). chase (see “goose chase”). damper (or “damping cartridge”): a mechanism in a circlip (or “Jesus clip” or “snapring”): a C-shaped or suspension fork or shock that reduces the speed of spiral ring that fits in a groove to hold two cylindrical the spring’s oscillation movement (Fig. 16.25). parts together. damping a reduction in speed of the oscillation of a clip-in pedal (or “clipless pedal”): a pedal that relies on spring, as in a suspension fork or shock. spring-loaded clips to grip a cleat attached to the damping cartridge (see “damper”). bottom of the rider’s shoe without the use of toeclips derailleur a gear-changing device that allows a rider to and straps (Fig. 13.2). move the chain from one cog or chainring to another clipless pedal (see “clip-in pedal”). while the bicycle is in motion (Figs. 5.3, 5.17–5.21). cog a sprocket located on the drive side of the rear derailleur hanger a metal extension of the right rear hub (Fig. 8.23). dropout through which the rear derailleur is mounted compression damping a diminishment of the speed of to the frame (Fig. 17.1). compression of a spring on impact by hydraulic or Di2 model name of Shimano electronic-shifting mechanical means. components.

GLOSSARY 454

diamond frame a traditional bicycle frame shape electronic shifting (see also “Di2”): a system for shift- (Fig. 17.1). ing gears on a bicycle in which the power to shift the disc brake a brake that stops the bike by squeezing derailleurs comes not from the pull on a cable, but brake pads attached to a caliper mounted to the rather from an electric signal turning a servo motor frame or fork (Figs. 9.9–9.11) against a circular disc on and off. attached to the wheel (Figs. 9.6–9.8). endo a (usually unintentional) rotation of the bike and dish (or “wheel dish”): a difference in spoke tension on rider forward over the front wheel. the two sides of the rear wheel (Fig. 15.23). expander bolt a bolt that when tightened pulls a dishing (or “wheel dishing”): a centering of the rim in wedge up inside or alongside the part into which the the frame or fork by adjustment of spoke tension in bolt is anchored to provide outward pressure and a wheel. secure said part inside a hollow surface. Expander dishing tool a tool to check the centering of a wheel bolts are found inside quill stems (Figs. 12.9–12.10) rim relative to the axle ends. and some handlebar-end plugs and handlebar- double a two-chainring drivetrain setup (as opposed to end shifters. a three-chainring, or “triple,” setup). expander wedge (or “wedge”): a part threaded onto down tube a frame tube that connects the head tube an expander bolt and usually used to secure a quill and bottom-bracket shell together (Fig. 17.1). stem inside the fork steering tube or handlebar-end drift a flat-ended rod used for driving out bearings and plugs or handlebar-end shifter inside a handlebar. bushings. An expander wedge is threaded down its center drivetrain the crankarms, chainrings, bottom bracket, axis to accept the expander bolt and is either cylin- front derailleur, chain, rear derailleur, and freewheel drical in shape and truncated along an inclined (or cassette). plane (Figs. 12.9–12.11) or conical in shape and trun- drop (1) the difference in height between two parts cated parallel to its base. (see also “bottom-bracket drop”). (2) a terrain dis- ferrule a cap for the end of cable housing (Fig. 5.26). continuity you may or may not want to ride off. fixed cup a nonadjustable cup of the bottom bracket (3) something not to do with your tools. located on the drive side of the bottom bracket dropouts (or “fork ends” or “fork tips”): slots in the fork (Fig. 11.13). and rear triangle where the wheel axles attach (Figs. flange largest diameter of the hub, where the spoke 16.2, 17.1). heads are anchored (Fig. 15.4). dropper post a telescoping seatpost whose length can fork a part that attaches the front wheel to the frame be adjusted on the fly, while riding. (Figs. 16.1–16.3). DT (a.k.a. DT Swiss): a manufacturer of spokes, other fork casting (see “outer leg”). bicycle components, and tools. fork crown a crosspiece connecting the fork legs to the dust cap a protective cap keeping dirt out of a part. steering tube (Figs. 16.1–16.2). easy-out a cone-shaped, hardened-steel tool with fork ends (see “dropouts”). coarse, reverse threads to remove broken bolts. To fork rake (or “offset,” “rake,” or “wheel offset”): per- remove a broken bolt with one, a hole is drilled into pendicular offset distance of the front axle from an the center of the bolt, the easy-out is inserted into imaginary extension of the steering-tube centerline the hole, and the easy-out is then turned with a tap (see also “steering axis”). handle in a counterclockwise direction. fork steerer (see “steering tube”). elastomer a urethane spring sometimes used in sus- fork tips (see “dropouts”). pension forks (Fig. 16.26), rear shocks, suspension fork trail (or “trail”): the distance measured on the seatposts, and saddles; also called an MCU for the ground between the vertical line passing through material and construction (microcellular urethane). the center of the front-hub axle (i.e., the center of

GLOSSARY 455

the wheel contact patch) and the extension of the tube and onto the steering tube, that secures the centerline of the head tube. fork and allows it to spin and swivel in the frame Fox a bicycle-suspension manufacturer that makes (Figs. 12.19–12.22). forks, rear shocks, and dropper posts. Parent com- headset cup (see “bearing cup”). pany of RaceFace and Easton. headset top cap (see “top cap”). frame a central structure of a bicycle to which all of the head tube the front tube of the frame through which parts are attached (Figs. 17.1–17.2). the steering tube of the fork passes (Fig. 17.1). The freehub (or “cassette hub”): a rear hub that has a built- head tube is attached to the top tube and down tube in freewheel mechanism to which the rear cogs are and contains the headset. attached (Fig. 8.23). hex key (or “Allen key” or “Allen wrench”): a hexagonal freewheel a mechanism through which the rear cogs wrench that fits inside a hexagonal hole in the head are attached to the rear wheel on a derailleur bicycle of a bolt (Fig. 1.1A). (Figs. 8.23–8.25). The freewheel is locked to the hub the central part of a wheel to which the spokes are hub when turned in the forward direction, but it is anchored and through which the wheel axle passes free to spin backward independently of the hub’s (Figs. 8.1, 8.5–8.7). movement, thus allowing the rider to stop pedaling hub brake a disc, drum, or coaster brake that stops and coast as the bicycle is moving forward (see also the wheel with friction applied to a braking surface “freehub”). attached to the hub. friction shifter a traditional (nonindexed) shifter attached Hurricane Components a bicycle-component to the frame or handlebar. Cable tension is main- company. tained by a combination of friction washers and bolts. Hutchinson a French tire company. front triangle (or “main triangle”): the head tube, top hydraulic brake a type of brake that uses fluid pres- tube, down tube, and seat tube of a bike frame sure to move the brake pads against the braking (Fig. 17.1). surface (Figs. 9.11, 10.33). FSA (Full Speed Ahead): a manufacturer of bicycle index shifter a shifter that clicks into fixed positions as components. it moves the derailleur from gear to gear. girl’s bike (see “step-through frame”). inertia valve a valve on the compression-damping goose chase (see “wild goose chase”). system on a front or rear shock that opens upon granny gear the lowest gear, generally of a triple drive- hard impacts and otherwise stays closed, in order train. In the granny gear the chain is on the largest to distinguish between bump forces and pedaling rear cog and the innermost (usually of three) front forces and prevent the shock from bobbing up and chainrings. down during pedaling. The inertia valve is similar Grip Shift a twist shifter of the SRAM Corporation that to a lockout lever, but unlike a lockout, it allows the is integrated with the handlebar grip of a mountain shock to still be fully active for bump absorption bike (Figs. 5.34–5.37). The rider shifts gears by twist- while engaged. ing the grip (see also “twist shifter”). inner (see “inner leg”). handlebar a curved tube, connected to the fork via the inner leg on a telescoping suspension fork, a tube, stem, that the rider holds in order to turn the fork usually clamped into the fork crown (except in the and thus steer the bicycle. The brake levers and shift case of an “upside-down fork”), that slides in and levers are attached to it (Fig. 12.1). out of the larger-diameter outer leg as the fork com- head angle an acute angle formed by the centerline of presses and rebounds (Fig. 16.26). On a standard the head tube and the horizontal. (non-upside-down) fork, it is also called an “upper headset a bearing system, consisting of a number of tube,” “inner,” or “stanchion.” separate cylindrical parts installed into the head inner wire (see “cable”).

GLOSSARY 456

integrated headset a headset in which the bearing rear derailleur’s parallelogram linkage elements seats are integrated into the head tube (rather than compared to the setup for a standard rear derailleur. requiring separate headset cups) and the bearings This arrangement results in the derailleur’s moving are completely concealed within the head tube (Fig. to the low-gear position (the largest, most inboard 12.20). rear cog) when the cable tension is removed, rather Jesus clip (see “circlip”). than to the high-gear position (the smallest, most jockey pulley (see “jockey wheel”). outboard cog), as on a standard rear derailleur. jockey wheel (or “jockey pulley”): a circular, cog- Magura a German brake company. shaped pulley attached to the rear derailleur that is main triangle (see “front triangle”). used to guide, apply tension to, and laterally move Manitou an American suspension-fork and component the chain from rear cog to rear cog (Fig. 5.47). company, subsidiary of Answer Products. knobby tire an all-terrain tire used on mountain bikes Marzocchi an Italian suspension-fork and component (Fig. 7.1). company. lawyer tabs (see “wheel-retention devices”). master cylinder a piston chamber at the lever end of a leverage ratio amount the rear axle moves vertically on hydraulic brake system (Figs. 9.15, 10.33). a full-suspension bike with a given amount of move- master link a detachable link that holds the chain ment of the shock shaft. together. The master link can be opened by hand link a pivoting steel hook on a V-brake arm that the without a chain tool (Fig. 4.14). cable-guide “noodle” hooks into (Fig. 10.12) (see also Mavic a French wheel and bicycle-component company. “chain link”). MCU (see “elastomer”). lock washer a notched or toothed washer that serves measuring caliper a tool for measuring the outside to hold surrounding nuts and washers in position. dimensions of an object or the inside dimensions of locknut a nut that serves to hold the bearing adjust- a hole by means of movable jaws (Fig. 1.4). ment in a headset, hub, or pedal. Michelin a French tire company. lockout a valve on the compression-damping system mixte frame (see “step-through frame”). on a front or rear shock that prevents the shock from mounting bolt a bolt that mounts a part to a frame, fork, compressing. Modern shocks usually have a “blow- or component (see also “pivot bolt”). off” system that will allow the compression-damping needle bearing a steel cylindrical cartridge with rod- circuit to open with a large impact to prevent the shaped rollers arranged coaxially around the inside shock from being damaged on big hits while the walls (Fig. 8.20). lockout is engaged. nipple (1) a thin nut designed to receive the end of lockring a large circular locknut. On a bottom bracket, a spoke and seat it in the holes of a rim (Figs. it is the outer ring that tightens the adjustable cup 15.1–15.2). (2) a flared tip of a hydraulic caliper bleed against the face of the bottom-bracket shell (Fig. fitting onto which a bleed hose can be attached 11.13). On a rear shock, the lockring is the threaded (Fig. 9.26). ring that tightens the coil spring on a coil-over shock noodle a curved cable-guide pipe on a V-brake arm that or is used to secure the fore-aft position of the shock stops the cable housing and directs the cable to the body on some air shocks. On a freehub, the lockring cable anchor bolt on the opposite arm (Fig. 10.12). holds the cogs on (Fig. 8.23). On a CenterLock disc NoTubes (or “NoTubes.com”) (see “Stan’s NoTubes”). brake–compatible hub, the lockring secures the NoTubes.com (see “Stan’s NoTubes”). rotor to the hub shell (Fig. 9.8). offset (see “fork rake”). Low Normal (originally “Rapid Rise”): a style of rear outer (see “outer leg”). derailleur pioneered by Shimano in which the return outer leg in a telescoping suspension fork, a tube, spring is connected to the opposite vertices of the often cast from magnesium and attached to the

GLOSSARY 457

front-wheel axle (except in the case of an “upside- outer face of one crankarm at the pedal hole to the down fork”), that slides up and down over the outer face of the other crankarm at the pedal hole. smaller-diameter inner leg as the fork compresses quick-release (1) a tightening lever and shaft used to and rebounds (Fig. 16.2). On a standard (non-upside- attach a wheel to the fork or rear dropouts without down) fork, it is also called the “casting,” “fork cast- using axle nuts (Figs. 8.5–8.6). (2) a quick-opening ing,” “outer,” or “slider.” lever and shaft pinching the seatpost inside the seat outer wire (see “cable housing”). tube in lieu of a wrench-operated bolt. (3) a quick outer wire stop (see “cable stop”). cable release on a brake. (4) a fixing mechanism that pedal a platform the foot pushes on to propel the can be quickly opened and closed, as on a brake bicycle (Figs. 13.1–13.2). cable or wheel axle. (5) any anchor bolt that can be pedal overlap (or “toe overlap” or “toeclip overlap”): quickly opened and closed by a lever. an overlapping of the toe with the front wheel while quill a vertical tube of a stem for a threaded headset pedaling (Appendix C, Fig. C.2). system that inserts into the fork steering tube. It has pedal platform a highly damped low-speed compres- an expander wedge and bolt inside to secure the sion circuit on a rear shock or suspension fork stem to the steering tube (Fig. 12.9). designed to reduce pedal-induced bobbing as well quill stem a stem with a quill to insert inside a threaded as keep the suspension high during braking and fork steering tube (Fig. 12.9). while riding berms and dips. race a circular track on which bearings roll freely (see pedaling stance the lateral distance between the feet also “bearing race”). while pedaling. It’s the distance measured between Race Face a Canadian bicycle-component company. the two vertical planes defined by the inboard side rake (see “fork rake”). of each shoe at the first metatarsal as they move Rapid Rise (see “Low Normal”). around the pedaling circle. Rapidfire shifter an indexing shifter manufactured by pin spanner a V-shaped wrench with two tip-end Shimano for use on mountain bikes with two separate pins. The pin spanner is often used for tightening levers operating each shift cable (Figs. 5.24, 5.37). the adjustable cup of the bottom bracket or other ratchet (see “socket wrench”). lockrings (Fig. 1.2). rear triangle a rear part of the bicycle frame that pivot a pin about which a part rotates through a bearing includes the seatstays, the chainstays, and the seat or bushing. The pivot is found on brakes, derailleurs, tube (Fig. 17.1). and rear-suspension systems. rebound damping a diminishing of speed of return of a pivot bolt a bolt on which another part pivots. spring by hydraulic or mechanical means. preload (see “spring preload”). ride height (see “sag”). Presta valve a thin, metal tire valve that uses a locking rim an outer hoop of a wheel to which the tire is nut to prevent air from escaping from the inner tube attached (Fig. 15.1). or tire (Fig. 1.1B). riser bar a handlebar with a double bend on each side pulley (see “jockey wheel”). of the stem clamp so that the grips are higher than Q-factor the distance from the outer face of one cran- the stem. karm at the pedal hole to the plane formed by the Ritchey an American bicycle and bicycle-component outer face of the other crankarm at the pedal hole company. as it spins. Q-factor is measured normal to this plane. RockShox an American suspension-fork and compo- In practice, the easiest way to measure Q-factor is to nent company, subsidiary of SRAM. install the two crankarms on the spindle so that they roller-cam brakes a brake system using pulleys and a are parallel to each other (at 0 degrees, rather than at cam to force the brake pads against the rim surface 180 degrees from each other) and measure from the (Fig. 10.40).

GLOSSARY 458

saddle (or “seat”): a platform made of leather and/or sidepull cantilever brake (see “V-brake,” Figs. plastic upon which the rider sits (Fig. 14.1). 10.11–10.14). sag (or “ride height”): the amount the front or rear singletrack a trail with a single furrow made for feet shock compresses with the rider’s weight static on or a two-wheeled vehicle, as opposed to a road the bike. Its purpose is to preload the shock so that or “doubletrack,” which has a track for each pair of it forces the rear wheel down into the ground when wheels on a four-wheeled vehicle. the bike is unweighted after a bump, thus increasing skewer (1) a long rod. (2) a hub quick-release (Figs. 8.5– tire contact and traction in rough terrain. 8.6). (3) a shaft passing through a stack of elastomer Schrader valve a high-pressure air valve with a spring- bumpers in a suspension fork (Fig. 16.25). loaded air-release pin inside (Fig. 1.1B). Schrader slave cylinder a piston chamber in the caliper of a valves are found on some bicycle inner tubes and hydraulic brake. tubeless tires, on air-sprung suspension forks and slider (see “outer leg”). rear shocks, and on automobile tires and tubes. Slime a brand of tire sealant consisting of chopped sealant (see “tire sealant”, Fig. 7.18). fibers in a liquid medium injected inside a tire or sealed bearing a bearing enclosed in a protective seal inner tube to flow to and fill small air leaks (Fig. 7.18). in an attempt to keep contaminants out (Fig. 8.5) snapring (see “circlip”). (see also “cartridge bearing”). socket a cylindrical tool with a square hole in one end seat (see “saddle”). to mount onto a socket-wrench handle and with seat angle an acute angle formed by the centerline of hexagonal walls inside the opposing end to grip a the seat tube and the horizontal. bolt head or nut (Fig. 1.2). seat cluster an intersection of the seat tube, top tube, socket wrench (or “socket wrench handle” or “wrench and seatstays. handle”): a cylindrical wrench handle with a ratchet- seat tube a frame tube into which the seatpost is ing square head extending at right angles to the inserted (Fig. 17.1). handle onto which sockets or other wrench bits for seatpost a tubular member supporting, securing, and turning bolts or nuts are installed (Fig. 1.2). allowing height adjustment of the saddle (Fig. 14.5). spacer on a bicycle, generally a thick washer, cylindri- seatstay a frame tube on a bicycle connecting the cal in shape, intended to maintain a fixed distance seat tube or the rear shock to the rear dropout and between two parts. Spacers can be found between hence to the rear hub axle (Figs. 17.1–17.2). the headset and the stem and between the stem shim a thin element inserted between two parts to and the top cap on a threadless steering tube, and ensure that they are the proper distance apart. On between the upper bearing cup and the top nut bicycles, a shim can be a thin washer and can be on a threaded steering tube. Spacers may also be used to space a disc-brake caliper away from the used to space a bottom-bracket cup away from the frame or fork or to space a bottom-bracket cup frame’s bottom-bracket shell. away from the frame’s bottom-bracket shell. A shim spanner (British parlance): a wrench. can also be a thin piece of metal used to make a spider a star-shaped piece of metal that connects the seatpost fit more tightly inside the seat tube. Shims right crankarm to the chainrings (Fig. 11.1). can also be small, thin discs found inside suspen- spline one of a set of longitudinal grooves and ridges sion forks and rear shocks to control suspension designed to interlock two mechanical parts (Figs. movement by permitting or hindering passage of 8.23, 9.7–9.8). hydraulic fluid through an orifice. spokes metal rods that connect the hub to the rim of a Shimano a Japanese bicycle-component company and wheel (Figs. 15.1–15.2). maker of XTR, XT, Saint, LX, and STX component spring an elastic contrivance that when compressed lines as well as Rapidfire (shifters), SPD (pedals), and returns to its original shape by virtue of its elasticity. STI (shifting systems). In bicycle suspension applications, the spring used

GLOSSARY 459

is normally either an elastic polymer cylinder, a coil measured along the top of the stem (Appendix C, of steel or titanium wire, or compressed air. Fig. C.4). spring preload (or “preload”): an initial loading of a step-through frame (or “girl’s bike,” or “mixte frame,” or spring so that part of its compression range is taken “women’s frame”): a bicycle frame with a steeply up- up prior to impact. angled top tube connecting the bottom of the seat sprocket a circular, multiple-toothed piece of metal that tube to the top of the head tube. The frame design is engages a chain (see also “cog” and “chainring”). intended to provide ease of stepping over the frame SRAM an American bicycle-component company and and ample stand-over clearance. maker of Grip Shift, Half Pipes, and ESP (derail- straddle cable a short segment of cable connecting leurs); owner of Sachs, RockShox, Avid, and Truvativ two brake arms together (Figs. 10.16–10.18). bicycle-component companies. straddle-cable holder (see “yoke”). stanchion (see “inner leg”). swingarm a movable rear end of a rear-suspension stand-over clearance (see “stand-over height”). frame (Fig. 14.2). (see also “chainstay”). stand-over height (or “stand-over clearance”): the tap (or “thread tap”): a threaded tool made of hardened distance between the top tube of the bike and the steel to cut threads. It is shaped like a pointed bolt rider’s crotch when the rider is standing over the shaft, but it has lengthwise grooves cut across the bicycle (Appendix C, Fig. C.1). threads to give the threads cutting edges. The tap Stan’s NoTubes (or “NoTubes” or “NoTubes.com”): a has a square head that fits in a handle to provide brand of tire upgrade system named after inventor leverage to turn the tap. Stan Koziatek that includes a latex-based tire sealant threaded headset a headset whose top bearing cup (Fig. 7.18) to convert a standard tire to a tubeless tire. and top nut above it screw onto a threaded steering star bolt (see “Torx bolt”). tube (Fig. 12.19). star nut (or “star-fangled nut”): a pronged nut that is threadless headset (see “AheadSet”). forced down into the steering tube and anchors the three-cross (or “cross-three”): a pattern used by wheel headset top cap bolt to adjust a threadless headset builders that calls for each spoke to cross three oth- (Figs. 12.6, 12.19–12.21). ers in its path from the hub to the rim (Fig. 15.1). star wrench (see “Torx wrench”). through-axle a removable rod that forms not only the star-fangled nut (see “star nut”). axle of a front or rear hub but also the system that steerer (see “steering tube”). secures the wheel into the fork or frame. steering axis the imaginary line around which the fork thumb shifter a thumb-operated shift lever attached on rotates (Fig. 16.51). top of the handlebar (Fig. 5.31). steering tube (or “fork steerer” or “steerer”): a vertical tire bead an edge of a tire that seats down inside the tube on a fork that is attached to the fork crown, rim (Fig. 7.7). The bead’s diameter is held fixed to fits inside the head tube, and swivels within it by established standards by means of a strong, stretch- means of the headset bearings (Figs. 16.1–16.3). A and tear-resistant material—usually either steel or steering tube can be threaded or threadless, mean- Kevlar. These strands alone are also referred to as ing that the top headset cup can either screw onto the “bead.” the steering tube or slide onto it, and the stem can tire lever a tool to pry a tire off the rim (Figs. 7.4–7.5). either insert inside the steering tube and clamp with tire sealant a liquid that, when put into a tire, plugs an expander wedge (threaded) or clamp around the leaks when air under pressure forces it through the steering tube (threadless). leaks. The sealant (Fig. 7.18) either hardens in air or stem (or “gooseneck”): a connection element between blocks the hole with fibers and flakes suspended in the fork steering tube and the handlebar (Fig. 12.1). the liquid, or both. stem length the distance between the center of the toe overlap (or “toeclip overlap”) (see “pedal overlap”). steering tube and the center of the handlebar toeclip overlap (see “pedal overlap”).

GLOSSARY 460

top cap (or “headset top cap”): a round top part of a twist shifter a cable-pulling derailleur control handle headset with a bolt passing through it that screws surrounding the handlebar adjacent to the hand into the star nut to apply downward pressure on the grip. It is twisted forward or back to cause the derail- stem to properly load and adjust the headset bear- leur to shift (Fig. 5.28). (See also “Grip Shift.”) ings on a threadless steering tube (Figs. 12.19–12.21). U-brake a mountain bike brake consisting of two arms top cup upper headset cup (see “bearing cup”). shaped like inverted Ls affixed to posts on the frame top tube a frame tube that connects the seat tube to or fork (Fig. 10.39). the head tube (Fig. 17.1). unicrown a manufacturing method of nonsuspended torque a rotational analogue of force. Torque is a vector (i.e., rigid) forks in which the fork legs curve toward quantity whose magnitude is the length of the radius each other and are welded directly to the steering from the center of rotation out to the point at which tube (Fig. 16.3). the force is applied, multiplied by the magnitude of upper tube (see “inner leg”). the force directed perpendicular to the radius. On upside-down fork a suspension fork whose lower legs bicycles, we are primarily interested in the tighten- (attached to the wheel axle) are the inner legs of the ing torque applied to a fastener (this value can be fork and move up and down within the upper, outer measured with a torque wrench—see Appendix D) legs of the fork. and the torque applied by the rider on the pedals to UST a tubeless-tire system originated by Mavic, propel the rear wheel and hence the bicycle. Michelin, and Hutchinson in which an airtight tire torque wrench a socket-wrench handle with a gradu- with a sealing flap on its bead seals over a “hump” ated scale and an indicator to show how much on the ledge inside a rim free of spoke holes in the torque is being applied as a bolt is being tightened rim bed (Fig. 7.7). (Figs. 1.3–1.4, 2.18; see Appendix D). V-brake (or “sidepull cantilever brake”): a cable- Torx bolt (or “star bolt”): a bolt with a six-point star- operated cantilever rim brake consisting of two shaped hole in its head. vertical brake arms pivoting on frame- or fork- Torx wrench (or “star wrench”): a tool with a star- mounted pivots pulled together by a horizontal shaped end that fits in the star-shaped hole in the cable. A brake pad is affixed to each arm, and there head of a Torx bolt (Figs. 1.3, 1.5). are a cable link and a cable-guide pipe on one trail (1) where to ride your mountain bike. (2) (see “fork arm and a cable anchor on the opposite arm (Figs. trail”). 10.11–10.14). triple a three-chainring combination (Figs. 11.1–11.2, 11.4) Vise Whip a Pedro’s tool (Zinn designed) with a Vise- attached to a right crankarm. Grip handle used to remove the rear cogs on a free- Truvativ a bicycle-component manufacturer, subsidiary hub or freewheel (Fig. 1.2). (See also “chain whip.”) of SRAM. wedge (see “expander wedge”). tubeless a system of rim and tire that stays inflated wheel dish (see “dish”). without an inner tube. wheel dishing (see “dishing”). tubeless ready a tubeless system distinct from the UST wheel offset (see “fork rake”). tubeless system. Tubeless-ready (TR) indicates that wheelbase the horizontal distance between the two the rim or tire or both require tire sealant in order to wheel axles. stay inflated. A TR rim requires an airtight rim strip to wheel-dishing tool (see “dishing tool”). seal off the spoke holes in the rim bed. A TR tire is wheel-retention devices (or “lawyer tabs”, or “wheel- not guaranteed to be airtight without sealant inside retention tabs”): cast-in or separate fixtures at the to fill tiny pinholes in the tire casing; it is generally fork ends designed to prevent the front wheel from lighter than a UST tire, which is guaranteed to be falling out if the hub quick-release lever or axle and airtight due to having a thin coating of rubber inside. nuts are loose.

GLOSSARY 461 wheel-retention tabs (see “wheel-retention devices”). yoke (or “straddle-cable holder”): a part on a cantilever wild goose chase (see “chase”). or U-brake attaching the brake cable to the straddle women’s frame (see “step-through frame”). cable (Fig. 10.26); also, the part of a rear-suspension wrench (or “spanner,” in British parlance): a tool having swingarm attached to the main pivot. jaws, a shaped insert, or a socket to grip the head of Zinn the author of this book, not to be confused with a bolt or a nut to turn it. Zen.

GLOSSARY

INDEX

adjustable cups, 29, 254, 255, 258, 451 bar ends, 291, 435, 451 pedal, 32, 298, 309 adjuster knobs, 365, 369, 375 angles, 436 removing, 160, 165, 166, 255, 256, AheadSet, 451 inner, 268, 436 257, 259, 286, 287, 307 air cans, 400 installing, 95, 216 replacing, 166–167, 255, 255–258, installing, 396–398, 409 removing, 95, 96, 263, 268, 282–283, 305, 403 overhauling, 395–396, 401 268–275 steel, 169, 256 removing, 396–397, 408 barrel adjusters, 69, 72, 73, 74, 84, 86, upgrading, 169, 306–308 air chucks, 10–11 87, 89, 92, 101, 108, 116, 191, 195, belt drives, 62–63, 100 air compressors, 10 215, 451 Bicycle Fit Calculator, 431 air pressure, 363, 389, 398, 405 cable tension and, 212, 213 Bike Hand chain-wear indicator, 53 air volume, 358, 408, 409 tightening, 82, 93, 214 bike stands, 3, 9–10 All Travel spacer, 380, 381 batteries, 128 BikeTube, 61 aluminum, 325, 392, 413 charging, 116, 132 bits, 6 ammonia, 4 installing, 117, 118–119, 119–120 blankets, 13 stuck seatposts/stems and, 274, 275, seatpost, 117, 129, 130 bleed blocks, 9 325 See also Shimano Di2 batteries bleed funnel, 198, 199 Answer Products, 451 bead set diameter (BSD), 144 bleed ports, 198, 199, 202, 203, 321 ANT+ cycling computer, 114, 115, 117, 133, bearing covers, 166, 167, 250, 302 bleed screws, 197–198, 202, 321, 322, 134–136, 137 bearing cups, 257, 289, 291, 451 323 anti-chain suck device, 63 installing, 249–250 bleeding, 32, 196–204, 207, 231, 314, antifreeze, stuck seatposts/stems and, bearing extractors, 11 319, 320–323 274, 325 bearing press kit, 10, 11 Bleeding Edge syringes, 321, 322, 323 antiseize compound, 9, 28, 368 bearing races, 157, 161, 167, 177, 178, 451 blind-hole bearing puller, 166 antitwist tool, 10 bearings, 31, 164, 207, 239, 254, 261, Bluetooth, 117, 134, 135, 136, 137 Ario shocks, 401 281, 402, 451 body measurements, frame size and, arm length, measuring, 432, 433 adjusting, 167, 168–169 431–433 articulating magnet, 9 angular-contact, 279 bolts assembly paste, 4 bottom-bracket, 55, 56, 298 anchor, 28, 190, 215, 237, 259, 260, ATF, 383, 385 cartridge, 157, 168, 251, 256, 279, 273, 437, 439, 451, 453 Avid, 451 283, 284, 286, 291, 299, 300, axle, 19–20 Avid Arch Supremes, 220 302, 304, 305, 403, 452 banjo, 194 Avid brakes, vacuum-bleeding, 199– ceramic, 168, 169, 255, 256 binder, 317–318, 325, 328, 451 200 cleaning, 161, 167, 255–259, cable-fixing, 69, 70, 72, 79, 82, 92, axle-clamp tool, 10 282–283, 286 93, 193, 214, 319 axle nuts, 19, 31, 351 cones and, 305 cassette lockring, 439 tightening, 15, 23 freehub, 177 chainring, 241, 242, 259 axle overlock dimension, 111, 451 headset, 271, 286 clamp, 80, 87, 268, 265, 275, 280, axles, 70, 166, 253, 258, 294, 308, 451 hub, 298 284, 291, 316, 317, 327, 352 bent/broken, 160 installing, 161–162, 167, 168, 178, 180, compression, 280 checking, 24, 31 181, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, crank, 31, 237, 239, 250, 251 cleaning, 295 258, 286, 290, 403, 404 crown, 352, 367, 368 disassembling, 300 interchanging, 256, 257 expander, 454 hub, 158, 168 loose, 157, 158, 249, 299, 302 lubrication of, 242, 438 installing, 162, 180, 253, 254, 303 lubrication of, 158, 161, 162, 167, 283, M5–10: 29, 438, 439 large-diameter, 158 286 mounting, 28, 65, 59, 76, 102, 105, 219, pedal, 300, 328, 439 needle, 282, 302, 305, 306, 456 228, 231, 232, 233, 436, 456 quick-release, 164 orientation of, 256–257 pinch, 235, 239, 263, 402 removing, 160, 164–165, 304 overhauling, 32, 166–167, 168 pivot, 457 465 466 replacing, 106, 242, 394 brake-hose cutter, 10 lacing and, 347 rotor, 188 brake hoses, 45 linear-pull, 211 sizes of, 438–439 brake levers, 20, 39, 87, 88, 96, 99, linkage, 211, 231 stem, 272, 287, 292 187, 196, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202, lubrication of, 32 titanium, 438 215–218, 219, 227, 228, 232, 265, opening, 39, 213 Boost, 110 268, 352, 367, 436, 452 pad-to-rim adjustment for, 219, 228, bottom-bracket cups, 10, 80, 439 bent, 216 230 bottom-bracket press, 11 cable tension and, 212 reconnecting, 25 bottom-bracket-remover rocket, 6 checking, 30 reinstalling, 374 bottom-bracket shells, 55, 78, 80, 90, digital, 184 releasing, 16–17, 23, 212 91, 121, 123, 126, 128, 243, 244, disc-brake, 19, 183, 189–190, 191, 207 removing, 275, 282, 369 245, 249–250, 253, 255, 258, high-leverage, 221 rim, 16–17, 20, 182, 183, 211, 329, 392 261, 393, 395, 452 hydraulic, 84–86, 183, 185, 190, 204, sidepull, 211, 218 ID of, 247 205–206 squealing, 220 installing, 250 IS, 190 troubleshooting, 233–235, 415–416 ISO, 246, 247 leverage and, 217 types of, 17 oversized, 259 lubrication, 32, 215–216 See also disc brakes placing axles in, 254 overhauling, 207, 215–216 braking, 361 spacers and, 260 post-mount, 189–190 pressure, 213 square-taper press-in, 251–252 pulling, 15–16, 195, 221, 225 spokes and, 344, 345 tapping, 394 reach, 195, 217 tires and, 146 bottom-bracket taps/shell facer, 10, 394 removing, 19, 41, 87, 95, 96, 204, troubleshooting, 420 bottom-bracket tools, 4 205, 216 Brooks saddles, 313 bottom brackets, 100, 111, 235, rotors and, 195 bumpers, replacing, 298 243–255, 300, 433, 451 stress cracks with, 216 bushings, 10, 32, 222, 270, 299, 302, cartridge, 252, 254, 258, 259, 260, brake pads, 24, 190, 197, 212, 215, 452 308, 323, 324, 353, 402, 452 261 adjusting, 219, 220, 223–225, 229 cleaning, 373 cup-and-cone, 252–253, 258, 260 banging, 38, 39 eyelet, 395, 396–397, 398–399, 400 eccentric, 55, 56 burning in, 185–186 installing, 399, 403, 404 external-bearing, 247, 249 cleaning, 184 lubrication of, 373 height, 410, 430, 432, 451 cotterless, 185 offset, 410 installing, 80, 129, 130, 249–252, glazed, 185 plastic, 305, 306, 307 252–253, 254–255, 258, 259 inspecting, 15, 31 replacing, 403 integrated-spindle, 32, 247, 255–258 installing, 202, 203–204, 232 shaft, 400 overhauling, 255–259, 260 removing, 193, 196, 204, 205, 207, sources of, 251 replacing bearings in, 255–258 221 square-taper, 243, 249, 260 replacing, 221, 223, 230, 232, 233 cable cutter, 4 thread-together, 249–250 rubbing with, 195 cable ends, 93, 94, 215 threaded, 246–247, 249, 252, selecting, 185–186 cable hooks, 85, 214, 218, 221 259–260 toe-in, 224, 225 cable stops, 94, 392 threadless, 244, 249–252, 257 top-loading, 184 cable tension, 67, 101, 191, 314, 319 tightening, 437 truing and, 156 adjusting, 72, 73, 74, 82, 212, 213, troubleshooting, 259–261 V-brake, 218 215 box-cutter knife, 4 brakes, 20, 183, 187, 212, 220, 392, 436, cables, 87, 90, 126, 212–215, 227, 452 brackets 452 broken, 43–44, 44–45 adapter, 190, 229 adjusting, 31, 195, 211, 233 buying, 83 front-derailleur, 249, 252 bleeding, 32, 197–203 checking, 82 pad-mounting, 220 cable-actuated, 184, 190, 195, 211, 367 clamping, 39 brake arms, 215, 218, 219, 222, 223, cantilever, xv, 23, 32, 211, 214, 217, cleaning up, 130 224, 226, 228 218, 219, 452 connecting, 76, 88, 220 removing, 39 center-pull, 211 derailleur, 43–44, 44–45, 213 brake booster, 229–230, 452 centering, 191 fishing, 90, 91, 126 brake bosses, 39, 212, 218, 219, 222, checking, 15, 16, 23 installing, 23, 69, 70, 84, 86, 87, 88, 223, 224, 227, 228–230, 231, closing, 23 91–92, 93–94, 95, 96, 192, 349, 351, 392, 394, 452 cylindrical-arm, 224 213–215 cantilever, 352, 393 disconnecting, 285, 367 internal, 90–92, 130 damaged, 353 headsets and, 279 lubrication of, 32, 82, 82–83, 88–89, disc-brake, 352, 353 hub, 455 94, 109, 213 brake fluids, 9, 201, 205, 206, 230 hydraulic, 16, 32, 40, 41, 98, 184, maintaining, 102, 213 DOT, 196, 197, 199, 200, 202, 204, 186, 195, 197, 204, 211, 228, removing, 85, 86, 88, 97, 213 320 233, 455 replacing, 32, 82–83, 84, 85–86

INDEX 467 routing, 90–92 chain rub, 109, 111 chainring dragging on, 260–261 sticky, 65, 109 chain stabilizer, 77 troubleshooting, 416–417 straddle, 225–227, 231, 232, 459 overhauling, 104, 105–106 chattering, troubleshooting, 418–419 undertightening, 437 chain stops, installing, 111 Chris King, 290 Caffélatex, 151 chain suck, 63–64, 109, 453 circlips, 99, 105, 166, 167, 206, 245, cages, 24–25, 37, 43, 44, 81, 103, 109, chain tools, 3, 6, 12, 37, 38, 41, 54, 57, 252, 300, 369, 382, 385, 410, 132, 279, 452 59–60 453 bent, 109 high-quality, 59 installing, 250–251, 380, 381 chain stuck in, 41 older-generation, 60 removing, 378, 381, 409 opening, 41 using, 58 clamps, 101, 280 calipers. See brake levers chain whip, 4, 9, 172, 173, 174, 175, 453 band, 78, 79, 80, 81, 216, 221 cam unit, clutch and, 104 chainlines, 82, 109, 453 bar-end, 268 Campagnolo, 225, 452 measuring, 110–111 cable, 218, 226 chains, 59 chainring-cassette removal tools, 4 cylindrical, 227 dropout-alignment tools, 385 chainring-nut tool, 4 derailleur, 78 headsets, 284 chainring nuts, 242 front derailleur, 259 Cane Creek, 452 chainrings, 28, 36, 43–44, 49, 53, 55, saddle, 45, 315, 316, 321, 325, 328 Cannondale, 251, 284 56, 61, 71, 72, 73, 81, 82, 84, 87, stem, 266, 270, 271, 272, 274, 277, Cannondale Headshok, 350 92–93, 109, 113, 122, 131, 132, 278, 291, 352, 437 Cannondale Lefty Fork, 139, 142, 349, 235–242, 255, 453 U-shaped, 56 350 bent, 63, 241 cleats, 294 detaching wheel on, 19–20 chainstay and, 260–261 adjusting, 32, 295–297 cantilever brakes, xv, 32, 214, 217, 219, cleaning, 26, 31, 51, 240 installing, 295–297 222–228, 452 fixing, 241 lubrication of, 298 adjusting brake pads on, 223–225 improving, 111 positioning, 296, 297, 309, 435 closing, 23 inner, 242, 260–261 tensioning, 297–298 installing, 222–223 installing, 241, 242 clicking, troubleshooting, 419 lubrication of, 228 maintaining, 240, 241 clunking, 260 Carbon Drive tension gauge, 63 replacing, 53, 63, 240, 241–242 troubleshooting, 419 carbon fiber, 62, 391 troubleshooting, 416 clutch, 131 carbon-grip compound, 9 chains, 37, 60, 71, 72, 106, 111, 213, 453 cam unit and, 104 cartridge inflator, CO2, 12 assembling, 49–50, 61 overhauling, 77, 104, 105–106, 133 cartridges, 158, 163, 206, 247, 259 breaking, 51, 52, 54 shaft, 78 angular-contact, 283 broken, 37–38 clutch torque, checking, 78 damping, 382 checking, 16, 53 coasting, troubleshooting, 418, 420 inflation, 35 cleaning, 27–28, 31, 49, 50–51, Coca-Cola, stuck seatposts/stems and, installing, 252, 383 51–52, 63 274, 275, 325 overhauling, 258 connecting, 38, 43, 56–57, 58–60 Coda pedals, bearings on, 302 cassette lockring remover, 172, 189 installing, 56, 70, 130 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE), cassettes, 452 jammed, 15, 36–37 325 installing, 173 lengthening of, 52 cog pitch, 108, 109 removing, 164 lining up, 58 cog remover, 175 catch bag, 198 lubrication of, 27–28, 32, 49–50, 51, cog-wear indicator gauge, 10 CeramicSpeed.com, 256 52, 63, 64 cogs, 38, 43, 44, 55, 56, 72, 73, 108, 161, chain breakers, 59 measuring, 54 170–182, 453 chain-cleaning units, using, 27, 51–52 noisy, 63–64, 109 aluminum, 53 chain-elongation gauges, 3, 11, 31, opening, 43 changing, 170–171, 172 53–54, 64, 65 removing, 27, 41, 52, 54 cleaning, 26, 27, 31, 51, 172, 173 chain gaps, 74 replacing, 49, 52–53, 54, 64 inspecting, 64, 173, 175 chain gauges, 53, 54 shortening, 43 rear, 45, 71 chain keeper, 9 skipping, 64–65, 106 replacing, 53, 64, 173 chain length, determining, 54–56 squeaking, 63–64 shifting through, 131 chain links, 453 troubleshooting, 49, 63–65, 416 teeth, 64 removing, 37, 38, 55, 58 twisted, 37 titanium, 53 spare, 12, 38 types of, 53 worn, 64 stiff, 63, 64 wiping, 26, 27, 28, 50–51, 64 cogsets, 111, 170, 174 twisted, 37 worn, 64 bolt-together, 173 chain lube, 3, 13, 45, 176 chainstays, 24, 26, 36, 38, 42, 56, 62, replacing, 64 chain-nut tool, 453 63, 78, 91, 92, 101, 111, 120, 126, collars, 87 chain-retention devices, 99, 100 129, 231, 232, 252, 392, 404, crank-bolt, 29 chain rollers, 64, 65, 173 413, 453 valve, 149

INDEX 468 compression adjuster, 360, 366 crown-race removers, 288, 389 down-swing, 78 compression damping, 360, 411, 453 U-shaped, 289 E-type, 249 adjusting, 45, 355, 363, 364, 365, cup installation tools, 252 installing, 79–80, 80, 122 407 cup-removal tools, 287 pivot geometry of, 79 high-speed, 361, 364 cycling computers, 114, 115, 117, 133, repairing, 41 low-speed, 360–361, 364 134–136, 137 top-swing clamp-type, 79 compression rings, 280, 282, 284 cylinders troubleshooting, 109–110 cones, 160, 162, 453 air, 378, 380 derailleurs, rear, 38, 55, 64, 67–69, 113, bearings and, 305 brake, 327 333, 345 lubrication of, 158 eccentric, 56 adjusting, 64, 67, 70–78, 116 connector pins, 54, 56–57, 58, 60 master, 195, 206–207, 456 attaching cables to, 92 Control Tech, 22 slave, 458 bent, 42, 65, 109 cotter pins, 185, 221 wheel, 229, 230 broken, 43, 44 Crank Brothers, shoe shields from, 296 chain routing and, 56 Crank Brothers 50/50 pedals, 306, 308 D-Fly Bluetooth transceiver, 123, 134, 135 freeing/locking jockey-wheel cage Crank Brothers Acid pedals, 296 damper-removal tool, 11 on, 23–24 Crank Brothers Candy pedals, 296, 297, dampers, 349, 373, 400, 405, 453 installing, 69–70, 122 305, 306, 308 fork, 353 lubrication of, 32, 106 Crank Brothers Double Shot pedals, general instructions for, 382–383 overhauling, 41–42, 104, 105, 106 296 hydraulic, 270, 349, 404 removing chains from, 43 Crank Brothers Eggbeater pedals, 296, oil change, 382–385, 399–401 shifting, 24 297, 305, 306 overhauling, 32, 400 spokes and, 41 Crank Brothers Joplin, 323, 324 pressurizing, 401 troubleshooting, 106, 108–109 Crank Brothers Mallet pedals, 296, 305, removing, 382 wiring, 129 306 shafts, 374, 380 worn-out, 109 Crank Brothers Pedal Refresh Kit, 306, damping, 361, 453 dial indicator tool, 11, 196 307 adjusting, 362, 363, 366, 411 digital display, 115, 123, 127, 129, 130, 131, Crank Brothers pedals, 295, 296, 297, decreasing, 363–364 132, 133, 134 305, 309 increasing, 412 disc-brake pads, 183, 191 bearings of, 302 Deda Elementi Dog Fang, 111 burning-in, 185–186 overhauling, 330 derailleur hangers, 42, 65, 69, 133, 390, selecting, 185–186 tensioning, 298 392–393, 395 disc brakes, 16, 20, 40, 85, 392, 454 upgrading bearings in, 306–308 bent, 65, 109, 393, 412 adjusting, 187–195, 207 crank pullers, 4, 238 spare, 12 bent, 195 crankarms, 235–242, 251, 257, 261, threads of, 394 bleeding/filling, 196–204, 207 293, 295, 406, 431, 433, 435, 453 derailleur limit screws, tightening, 43, 44 cable-actuated, 41, 183, 184, 192–193 bent, 241 derailleur-return spring, 94 checking/replacing, 183–185 clunking in, 260 derailleur shift-activation ratio, 108, 109 closing, 23 installing, 249, 250, 252, 255, 259 derailleurs, 42, 129, 261, 392, 453 hookup of, 192–193 play in, 260 adjusting, 31, 116 hydraulic, 183, 196–204 removing, 255, 256 broken, 67 installing, 183, 187–195 repairing, 241 cable-actuated, 113 lubricating, 31 replacing, 242 chain length and, 55 overhauling, 204–207 cranks, 64, 131, 242, 256 cleaning, 26, 31, 104–105 troubleshooting, 207–209 bent, 241 electronic, 111, 116, 122–123, 137 dish/dishing, 343, 454 hard-to-turn, 260 installing, 70, 122–123 dishing tools, 6, 343, 344, 454 installing, 130, 235, 237–239 lubrication of, 32, 104–105, 106 dollar bills, patching with, 35–36 integrated-spindle, 235, 239, 244, maintaining, 102–109 drills, electric, 10 246 troubleshooting, 137, 417 drivetrains, 25, 49, 52, 58, 100, 114, 240, removing, 235, 237–239 derailleurs, front, 28, 52, 67, 78–79, 80, 454 square taper, 237 82, 93, 132, 241 cleaning, 26, 28, 31, 51 three-piece, 237, 247 adjusting, 81–82, 116, 130, 239 overhauling, 259 troubleshooting, 259–261 attaching cables to, 92–93 drop, 430, 454 cranksets, 31, 235, 250, 257, 325, 453 bent, 41 dropout-alignment tools, 10, 385 threaded, 247, 249 bottom-pull, 79 using, 388, 413 creaking, 291 bracket mount, 80–81, 252 dropout savers, 395 bottom-bracket, 244, 247 bypassing, 41, 43–44 dropouts, 24, 42, 62, 65, 70, 158, 385, pedal, 309 cable-actuated, 113 392, 395, 412, 454 persistent, 259–260 chain routing and, 56 aligning, 386, 388 seatpost, 328 cleaning, 51 bent, 351, 388, 412 troubleshooting, 419 direct mount, 80 quick-release, 413

INDEX 469 sliding, 55 flanges, 329, 338, 339, 341, 346, 347, threaded, 273, 274–275, 352 spacing between, 385, 413 454 threadless, 274 dropper posts, 31, 117, 454 fixed-cup, 260 titanium, 387 drywall-sanding screen, 4 hub, 156 triple-clamp, 366, 368 DT Pro Lock nipples, 332 flashlight, 13 troubleshooting, 419 DT Swiss, 28, 155, 348, 454 flats tuning, 353, 355, 356–362, 363–365 adapter, 188 avoiding, 33–34 turning problems with, 292 freehubs, 175, 180 fixing, 34–36 Fox, 455 hubs, 164, 166 Flex-Hone, 327 Fox damper, 370 spoke washers, 331 Float Fluid, 409 Fox Evol sleeves, 409, 410 DU-bushing tool, 11 foam rings, 373 Fox Factory shocks, 408 DU bushings, 399 fork boots, 353, 368, 373 Fox Float fork, 380, 381 dust caps, 239, 299, 305–308, 454 fork-crown race, 290 Fox iRD shocks, 114, 121, 129 installing, 161, 178 removing, 288, 289 Fox RP23, 408 removing, 177, 303 fork crowns, 349, 351, 354, 355, 375, Fox split-ring snaprings, 380 376, 454 Fox TALAS fork, 376 E-Tube Project app, 123, 133, 134, 135, installing inner legs in, 368 Fox TALAS travel adjustment, 376 136–137 removing fork legs from, 366–367 frame alignment, checking, 412–413 e-tube wires, 126, 127, 128 replacing, 271 Frame Saver, 392 installing, 129 fork legs, 26 frames, 455 easy outs, 12, 454 removing, 366–367, 369 aluminum, 318, 327, 392 El Camino brakes, 186, 202 fork rake, 349, 454 carbon, 327, 391 elastomers, 270, 298, 324, 325, 351, fork trail, 454–455 cleaning, 391 353, 358, 359, 370, 377, 378, forks, 349, 454 corrosion on, 392 404, 405, 454 air-spring, 358, 363–365, 369, 408 diamond, 389, 454 tuning, 365–366 alignment of, 23, 385–388 dimensions of, 429 electrical details, 132–133 aluminum, 387 double-diamond, 389 end caps, 84, 85, 88, 168 carbon-fiber, 278, 387 inspecting, 391–392 crimping, 215 coil-spring, 351, 358, 365–366, 370, internal-cable, 90 installing, 169 377 internal-gear, 55 removing, 164, 263 damaged, 351, 352–353, 385 magnesium, 318, 327 Enduro, 258, 402 double-crown, 271, 280, 284, 368 sizing, 429, 430, 431–433 Enduro Bearings, 244 elastomer, 351, 358, 365–366, 370, steel, 42, 318, 325, 392 Enduro tools, 256 377 step-through, 432, 459 EnduroForkSeals.com, 256 hard, 362 suspension, 91, 126, 128, 389, 391, European Tyre and Rim Technical headset installation and, 289 392, 402–404, 413 Organisation (E.T.R.T.0.), 144 high-end, 360, 364 titanium, 42, 327 external-bearing cups, 256 inspecting, 350–352, 353 freehub disassembly tools, 177 Exus pedals, 299, 302 linkage, 351, 353 freehubs, 73, 153, 164, 165, 170–182, 455 longer, 362 installing, 180, 181 Fat Chance, 249, 251 maintaining, 353–354 lubrication of, 171–172, 175–181 Feedback Sports, digital chain gauge measuring, 275 overhauling, 153, 177 by, 54 misaligned, 352 radial-pawl, 180, 181 feeler gauges, 10 overhauling, 32, 369 removing, 175, 177, 179, 181 ferrules, 83, 84, 86, 93, 94, 125, 214, 454 post-mount, 187 rotating, 179 files, 4 rattling, 292 seized, 45 Finish Line, 88 reassembling, 381 splined, 170 Finish Line Anti Seize Assembly Lube, removing, 287, 362, 385 freewheel removers, 9, 174, 175, 177 73 repairing, 352–353 freewheels, 153, 170–182, 455 Finish Line Teflon fluorocarbon grease, replacing, 34, 271, 352, 388 broken, 45 89 rigid, 289, 353 changing, 64, 174 Finish Line Threadlock, 28 rotor-alignment, 6 lubrication of, 182 Finish Line Ti-Prep, 28, 438 rotor tuning, 196 thread-on, 158, 171, 182 firmly tightened, 30, 439 shorter, 362 friction shifters, 95, 455 first aid kits, 46 single-crown, 366, 368 front-rear balance, checking, 406–407 Fisher, 249, 251 soft, 362 front triangle, 389, 391, 455 fixed cups, 253, 258, 260, 454 spring preload, 358 Fulcrum hubs, 180, 181 installing, 252 steel, 385, 388 Full Speed Ahead (FSA), 37, 249, 251, lubrication of, 158 stuck stems and, 274, 275 256, 455 removing, 252 suspension, 288, 349, 350, 352, 353, chains, 52, 54 fixed-torque drivers, 11–12 356–362, 368–369 cover seals, 255

INDEX 470 Full Speed Ahead (FSA) Drive Link, 60–61 steel, 267 disconnecting, 193, 194, 204, 205 Full Speed Ahead (FSA) Mega Exo, 250 tightening, 16, 437 hydraulic, 90, 91, 117 titanium, 267 installing, 205, 206 Garmin computers, compatibility with, troubleshooting, 291–292 housings, 32, 65, 79, 87, 89, 90, 91, 134–136 hangers, 69, 279 212–215, 227, 279 Garmin Edge, 134 See also derailleur hangers cutting, 83–84, 214 Garmin Fenix, 134 Hayes brakes, 186, 187, 202–203 installing, 69, 70, 214 Garmin Forerunner, 134 Hayes HFX Mag brakes, 186, 202, 206 lubrication of, 82–83, 94, 97, 109 Gate adjusters, 401 Hayes levers, 187, 194 replacing, 82–83 Gate lever, 400 Hayes/Stroker bleed kit, 203 teflon-lined, 213 Gates Carbon Drive belt-drive system, Hayes/Stroker brakes, 186, 202–203 hub axles, 24, 177, 341 62, 100 head angles, 410, 455 hub shells, 162, 168, 177, 181, 337 gear development, 421–427 head-tube reaming-and-facing tool, 289 cleaning, 160–161, 179 Gear Floss, 172 head tubes, 127, 128, 278, 282, 289, hubs, 38, 41, 56, 72, 132, 153–156, 330, getting lost, avoiding/dealing with, 45–47 368, 390, 412, 455 343, 387, 455, 458 Girvin pedals, 298, 302 measuring, 277 adjusting, 38, 156, 162–163 Giustaforza torque wrenches, 6 headlight, 13 aero, 155 glide rings, 397, 400, 401 headset-cup remover, 287 aluminum, 155 gloves, latex, 13 headset press, 6, 10, 290, 291 assembling, 161–162 GravityDropper, 323, 324 headsets, 224, 263, 268, 271, 275–291, broken, 38, 39, 154, 156 grease, 3, 13, 89, 161, 165, 170 455 cartridge-bearing, 29, 157, 158, molybdenum disulfide, 94 adjusting, 272, 278, 279, 280–282, 163–169 nonlithium, 4, 373 285, 287, 291, 292 chain length, 55–56 silicone-based, 4 bearings and, 286 checking, 24, 31 Grease Guard, 169 brakes and, 279 cleaning, 160–161, 174 grease gun, 4, 167, 175, 402 cartridge-bearing, 279 cup-and-cone, 157, 158, 161 Grip Shift, 94, 96, 97, 98, 455 cupless, 275, 283, 284 disassembling, 158–159 cable change in, 86–87 external, 275 disc-brake, 188, 330 grips and, 265 installing, 289–291 flat steel, 155 replacing cable in, 88–90 integrated, 275, 278, 281, 283, 289, front, 333 grips, 263–265, 267, 268, 360, 430 290, 456 grease guard, 169–170 Grip Shift and, 265 IS, 275, 277 high-quality, 157 installing, 95, 98, 265, 274 loose, 280, 281 internal-gear, 56, 100, 101, 331 removing, 216, 263, 264, 265 loose-ball, 283, 286 Kevlar, 38, 39 low-stack, 275, 277 loose, 38, 39, 154 hacksaws, 4, 272, 290, 395 overhauling, 282–285, 285–287, 352 loose-bearing, 157, 158–159, 164 Hadley hubs, 169 rattling, 292 lubrication of, 161–162, 174 hammers, 168, 258, 274, 292, 326, 370 removing, 285, 287–288 overhauling, 153, 157–158, 158–159, ball-peen, 4, 6 semi-integrated, 275 163–169 handlebar reach, 430, 435 size of, 275, 277 quick-release, 160, 163, 164, 165, 168, handlebars, 96, 123, 130, 187, 195, 203, stuck stems and, 274, 275 413 206, 213, 221, 259, 263, 265– tapered, 275 removing, 24, 38, 158 267, 270, 319, 320, 321, 323, 349, threaded, 278, 279, 280–281, 285– replacing, 38–39, 156 354, 366, 369, 376, 407, 429, 287, 292, 459 sealed-bearing, 157, 158 430, 455 threadless, 265, 275, 277–279, 280, single-speed, 56 aluminum, 267 282–285, 287, 289, 290, 291, spare, 13, 38, 39 bar-end assembly of, 268 430, 435 superlight, 155, 156 bent, 267 tight, 279, 280, 281 through-axle, 157, 158, 162, 164, 165, broken, 45 troubleshooting, 291–292 168, 169, 176 carbon, 216, 266, 267, 437 types of, 275 twisted, 155 height of, 435 zero-stack, 275, 277 Hurricane Components, 455 higher, 314, 436 helmets, wearing, 46 Hurricane Components Fork Up, 22 installing, 119, 266 hex keys, 12, 19, 28, 41, 70, 75, 77, 81, Hutchinson, 148, 455 light, 268 93, 95, 105, 131–132, 159, 164, Hutchinson Fast’Air, 151 lightweight, 265, 267, 291 176, 179, 455 hydraulic fluid, 85, 187, 197 maintaining, 267 folding, 3 noises from, 291 metric, 3 identification, 12 position of, 271, 273–274, 434–436 Hollowtech MTB cranks, 261 Igus bearings, 305, 306, 308 replacing, 32, 267, 273, 291 hoses, 183 Igus bushings, 398, 399 saddles and, 314, 435 cutting, 193, 194 Igus LL-Glide Bearing, 306 slipping, 291 disc-brake, 193 index shifter, 74, 101, 455

INDEX 471 inertia valves, 361, 365, 407–408, 455 high-gear, 70, 71, 131 Maverick SpeedBall, 323, 324 inflation cartridges, 13, 275 low-gear, 71–72, 82, 131 Mavic, 106, 456 inner legs, 354, 366, 370, 455 linseed oil, using, 341 freehubs, 179 cleaning, 370, 373 locknuts, 160, 212, 213, 214, 278, 282, hubs, 164, 169, 175, 179 installing, 368 285, 302, 303, 305, 306, 308, pin tool, 165, 179 lubrication of, 373 456 rims, 153 outer legs and, 373–374 loosening, 159, 162 tires, 148 removing, 368 tightening, 163, 181, 281 tubeless valves, 142 inseams, measuring, 431–432, 433, 434 lockout, 360, 456 measuring caliper, 456 internal floating piston (IFP), 400, 401 lockout levers, 411 Merlin frames, 249 International Chainguide Mounting lockring remover, 173 Michelin, 148, 456 Standard (ICMS), 99 lockring spanner, 4, 29 Microlube grease, 369 International Organization for lockring tool, 4 MixMizer syringe, 383 Standardization (ISO), 144, 246 lockrings, 172, 188, 189, 260, 261, 456 Monarch air-fill adapters, 400, 401 International Standard Chain Guide cassette, 73, 170 Monarch shocks, 401 (ISCG), 99 removing, 258 mounts International Standard (IS), mounts, 187, tightening, 173–174, 254 brake, 187 190, 191 Loctite, 28, 65, 73, 251, 259, 324, 353 disc-brake, 349, 390, 392, 353, 393, ISIS bottom brackets, 252 Look 4 × 4 pedals, 296, 297, 298, 303 394 ISIS cranks, 237, 238, 239 Look pedals, 295, 296, 299, 300, 302 fork-post, 187, 192, 353 ISIS splinded spindle, 247 Look Quartz cleats, 296 IS, 190, 191 isopropyl alcohol, 205, 206, 373, 397, Look Quartz pedals, 296, 299 shock, 410 401 Look S-Track pedals, 296, 299 multitools, 12, 38 lower legs, 354 J. P. Weigle Frame Saver, 318 overhauling, 368–370, 373–375 Nashbar pedals, overhauling, 303 jigsaws, 327 negative spring, 359, 363, 406, 408, jockey-wheel cages, 24, 42, 75, 105, Magura, 184, 456 409, 410 106 Magura brake pads, replacing, 230 nipples, 330–331, 456 jockey wheels, 24, 28, 41, 43, 51, 56, Magura hydraulic brakes, 212, 228 brass, 331 63, 67, 69, 70, 74, 75, 76, 104, Magura rim brakes, 228–230, 230–231 crimped-on, 332 106, 456 Magura Vyron seatposts, activating, internal, 155–156 aligning, 131 319–320 spoke, 39, 154 cartridge-bearing, 103 maintenance, 1, 15 tightening, 39, 155, 341 checking, 65, 232–233 after every ride, 31 types of, 348 cleaning, 26, 51 before every ride, 30–31 noises, 31 loose, 65 every 5–10 rides, 31 bottom-bracket, 259–261 maintaining, 32, 102–103 every 20–40 rides, 32 crank, 259–261 SRAM, 103 every 80–150 rides, 32 handlebar, 291 Jump Stop, 111 every 3–6 years, 32 pedaling-induced, 259 Junction A, 120, 123, 127, 129, 130, 132, periodic, 30–32 troubleshooting, 419–420 133, 134, 135, 136 mallets, 265, 370 Nokon housing, 213 Junction B, 119, 121, 123, 126, 128–129 Manitou, 456 noodles, 212, 220, 456 Manitou damper, changing damper oil Norco pedals, overhauling, 303 Kevlar, 34 on, 383 Klein, 249, 251 Manitou forks, 187, 369, 373, 383 O-rings, 122, 164, 306, 308, 321, 323, KMC, 37 Manitou Microlube, 369, 375 356, 370, 373, 374, 381, 383, 384, chain gauge, 54 Manitou QR15 HexLock Thru Axles, 19, 385, 397, 398, 399, 400, 406, chains, 52, 54 21, 22 409, 410 KMC Missing Link, 60–61 Manitou TPC damping systems, 365, lubrication and, 133 knee bend, 314 383, 384 removing, 307 knee-to-handlebar clearance, 430 Marzocchi, 456 oil knuckles, 42, 43, 70, 106 Marzocchi air forks, 363 hydraulic, 9 Marzocchi Bomber air forks, 400 outboard-motor gear, 9 L-shaped tool, 331 Marzocchi dampers, 382 penetrating, 4 leaks master links, 27, 37, 41, 44, 54, 55, oil baths, 374, 375 finding, 143 56–57, 65, 456 Onza H.O. pedals, 298, 303 patching, 143, 145 connecting, 60–62 Orange Seal, 151 leather-softening compounds, 313 spare, 12 outer legs, 368, 456–457 Lickton’s SuperLink, 52, 60–61 as standard equipment, 52 inner legs and, 373–374 limit screws, 28, 67, 69, 74, 108 matches, 13, 46 oversteering, 358, 361, 362 adjusting, 70, 71–72, 81–84 MatchMaker clamps, 96 overtightening, 266, 437

INDEX 472 pad-fixing bolt, 219–220, 223–224 lubrication of, 300, 309 PressFit 41 (PF41) bottom brackets, 246 pad height, 223–224 overhauling, 298–305, 299–300, PressFit 86 (PF86) bottom brackets, 246 pad offset, 219, 223 302–303, 305–308 PressFit 92 (PF92) bottom brackets, 246 pad spacing, 3, 12, 184, 194, 195, 231, release tension adjustment on, 309 PressFit 121 (PF121) bottom brackets, 233 removing, 294–295, 299 245–246, 249–250, 257 pad swing, 223, 224 SPD-compatible, 294 Presta valves, 1, 34, 43, 140, 141, 142, pad twist, 223, 224 tensioning, 297–298 152, 457 pad-wear gauges, 184 troubleshooting, 294, 309, 417–418 adapters for, 150 paint, repairing chipped, 395 pedals, clip-in, 293, 453 Prestacycle mini ratchet handle, 6 parallelogram, 104, 105, 106 difficult entry/release with, 309 ProGold Bike Wash, 25 Park, 251 release tension in, 294 ProGold chain gauge, 54 Park BBT-30.4 bearing removers, 10, setting up, 295–298 pulling, troubleshooting, 415 249, 257, 258 Pedro’s cable-housing cutter, 83 pumps, 1, 35 Park BBT-90.3 bearing removers, 249, Pedro’s Chain Checker, 11, 53–54 shock, 3, 12, 363, 405 257 Pedro’s Green Fizz, 25 punctures, 34, 146 Park cable-housing cutter, 83 Pedro’s Pro 1.0 chain tool, 59, 60 finding, 143 Park CC-3.2 chain wear indicator, 53 Pedro’s Tutto 11-speed Pro chain tools, 59 patching, 34, 152 Park chain-elongation gauge, 54 Pedro’s Vise Whip, 4, 5, 9, 101, 172, 173, Park CT-3 chain tool, 59 174, 175, 460 Quick Link, 58 Park CT-4.3 chain tool, 59, 60 Phil Wood, 256 quick-release, 457 Park CT-6.3 chain tool, 59 Phil Wood Tenacious Oil, 181 quick-release levers, 15, 20, 22, 212, Park derailleur-hanger alignment tool, pin spanner, 4, 9, 29, 254, 255, 457 229, 318, 351 392 pin tools, 165, 179 quick-release skewers, 16, 18, 24, 158, Park dropout-aligning tools, 385 pistons, 205, 207, 380, 406 163, 167, 173, 386, 403 Park DT-3 clamps, 195, 196 air, 375, 381, 400 checking, 31 Park fork-crown race remover, 10 caliper, 183 detaching wheels with, 17 Park IR-1 Internal-Routing Cable and cleaning, 186–187 opening, 17, 21 Magnet Kit, 6, 83, 90, 125, 126, damper, 400 removing, 172, 174, 175, 180 193 height of, 364 tightening, 20–21 Park IR-1.2 Internal Cable Routing Kit, hydraulic brake, 186 quills, 273, 283, 287, 457 83, 90, 124, 125, 126, 128, 193 installing, 205, 206, 380, 384 Park IR-2 internal wire routing kit, 6 lubrication of, 32, 205, 206 Race Face, 457 Park SG-6 tools, 271–272 master-cylinder, 195 Race Face crankarm, 239 Park SG-8 tools, 271–272 removing, 204, 381, 384 Race Face X-Type cranks, 239, 240 Park SW-15 three-way spoke wrench, seals, 381 race punch, fork-crown, 6 332 pivots, 62, 222, 231, 351, 457 rags, 3, 31, 50, 51, 172, 173, 283, 300, Park TS-2EXT.2 truing-stand exten- concentric, 100 305, 397 sions, 11 damage around, 352 rain gear, 13 Park Universal crown-race remover derailleur, 65, 75–76 razor blades, 4 tool, 288 lever, 217, 221 reach adjustment, 195, 217 patch kits, 2, 12, 34–35, 145 loose, 109 really tight, 30, 439 patches, 35–36, 151, 143, 145 maintaining, 31, 402 reamer and backing plate, 10 pawls, 165, 171, 180 overhauling, 105 reamer and facer, 10 cleaning, 179, 181 swingarm, 100 rear triangle, 389, 413, 457 greasing, 178 pliers, 3, 13, 37, 69, 70, 232 rebound, 360, 364, 400 pedal overlap, 430–431, 457 channel-lock, 4, 61 rebound adjusters, 360, 370, 401, 407 pedal-spindle removal tool, splined, 4 master-link, 6, 60, 61 rebound damping, 360, 364, 405, 407, pedal strokes, 274, 294, 434, 435 needle-nose, 3, 97, 354, 368 411, 412, 457 pedaling, 39, 56, 361, 364, 431, 434, snapring, 4, 299, 300, 324, 378, 380 rebound-damping adjusters, 363, 364, 457 Vise-Grip, 61, 326 366, 407 creaking with, 247 Praxis Works, 244 rim brake-track wear, checking, 32 knee/joint pain with, 309 preload adjuster, 325 rim strips, 34, 35, 145, 149 spoking patterns and, 348 preload adjustment, 365 rims, 153–156, 333, 457 troubleshooting, 418, 420 PressFit 24 (PF24) bottom-bracket- asymmetrical, 348 pedals, 407–408, 411, 457 remover rocket, 6 bent, 39, 40 cage-type, 293 PressFit 24 (PF24) bottom brackets, brake pads and, 39 cartridge-bearing, 302, 303–305 245, 246, 257, 259 checking, 31, 32, 153 cleaning, 300, 302, 305 installing, 249–250 cleaning, 149 creaking with, 309 PressFit 30 (PF30) bottom brackets, deep-section, 140, 141, 332, 348 installing, 294–295, 303, 308 245–246, 247, 257, 259 disc-brake, 342 loose-bearing, 305–308 installing, 249–250 mounting tires on, 36

INDEX 473 replacing, 154 Sachs, 60 seat angle, 458 tire size and, 144 Sachs D.I.R.T. derailleurs, 83 seat bags, 33 truing and, 156 Sachs Twist Shifters, 88 seat binders, 321 tubeless, 148, 334 saddle rails, 45, 311, 312, 316, 317 seat tubes, 41, 79, 80, 81, 129, 227, 318, V-section, 348 saddle tilt, 317, 327 327, 430, 433, 458 Ritchey, 279, 457 saddles, 259, 458 aluminum, 315 Ritchey batteries, installing, 118–119 adjusting, 320 checking, 317 Ritchey headsets, 286 balance/center of gravity and, 314 length of, 432 Ritchey pedals, 298, 299, 300, 302, 303 choosing, 311–313 lubrication of, 328 Ritchey V3 Pro pedals, 299 fore-and-aft position of, 314, 317, 327 seatposts, 117, 259, 311, 433, 458 RockShox, 367, 381, 384, 457 handlebars and, 314, 435 adjusting, 324–325 RockShox 2-Step Air, 375 height of, 313, 318, 434, 435 aluminum, 315, 325, 327 RockShox Air U-Turn, 375 installing, 315–320 breaking, 45, 315 RockShox Bottomless Tokens, 380, 381 lubrication of, 327–328 cable-activated, 319 RockShox Coil U-Turn, 375 positioning, 313–314, 343, 434–436 carbon-fiber, 315, 325, 327, 328 RockShox forks, 365, 378, 381 replacing, 32 creaking, 328 RockShox HydraCoil dampers, 382 riding position and, 313 diameter of, 328 RockShox Judy damping cartridge, shells of, 311, 313, 328 dropper, 314, 318–320, 323–324 384–385 squeaking, 327–328 extending, 321 RockShox Mag forks, 363 troubleshooting, 327–328 height-adjust, 314, 318–320, 322 RockShox Monarch air-fill adapter, 400 width of, 312 hydraulically activated, 319 RockShox Monarch rear shocks, 400 sag, 398, 409, 412, 458 installing, 118, 314, 317–318, 319, 322, RockShox Psylo forks, 376, 384 adjusting, 358, 406 323 RockShox Pure damping systems, 365, measuring, 355, 356 lubrication of, 32, 317, 323 383, 384 rear shock, 358 maintaining, 314–315, 324 RockShox Reverb seatpost, 319, setting, 356, 405, 406 overhauling, 323–324, 327 320–323 satellite communicator, 13 removing, 31, 32, 318, 321, 324, RockShox Reverb Stealth seatpost, 322 saw guide, 10 325–327, 392 RockShox SIC XC All Travel, 380 Schrader valves, 1, 152, 324, 359, 363, single-bolt, 315, 316–317 RockShox SID forks, 364, 378, 400 396, 409, 458 stealth, 320–321 RockShox Solo Air fork, 381 deflating, 139, 142 steel, 315, 325 Rohloff Caliber 2 gauge, 53 installing, 401 stuck, 325–327 Rohloff chain tool, 59, 60 Schwalbe Doc Blue, 151 suspension, 315, 324, 325, 328 Rohloff driver, 174, 175 Scott pedals, 298, 302 troubleshooting, 327–328 Rohloff gauge, 54 scraping, troubleshooting, 419, 420 two-bolt, 316, 317 Rohloff HG-IG-Check tool, 64 screwdrivers, 36, 41, 42, 44, 105, 186, seatstays, 24, 26, 62, 392, 403, 413, 458 Rohloff hubs, 55, 100, 331 201, 237, 242, 288, 295, 305, Selle Anatomica saddles, 313 Rohloff lockring remover, 101 399 setscrews, 76, 88, 97, 106, 164, 169, 227, Rohloff oil, 102 bent-handle nipple, 331 232, 401 Rohloff Revolver chain tool, 59 bent-shaft nipple, 10, 340–341 adjustment, 217 Rohloff SpeedBone, 101 Phillips-head, 2 shafts, 78, 374, 380, 400 Rohloff SpeedHub, 101, 347 small, 11, 12 inspecting/protecting, 381 Rohloff SpeedHub cog, replacing/ spoke nipple, 2 installing, 401 flipping, 174–175 sealants, 35, 142, 150, 151–152 seatpost, 324 Rohloff Twin Pulley, 56 latex, 151, 152 shifters, 88, 89, 94–96, 216, 265 Rohloff’s HG-IG-Check cog-wear liquid, 34 adjusting, 70–78, 81–82 indicator, 173 punctures and, 34 compatibility of, 108–109 roll-out procedure, 421 removing, 143 electronic, 114–116, 122–123 roller-cam brakes, 211, 231, 232–233, 457 sealing grommet, 130, 133 indexed, 72 rollers, 49, 52, 100, 173 seals, 32, 283, 308, 369, 381 installing, 98, 122–123, 216 rotors, 184, 187 bearing, 168, 237, 255, 256, 282 maintenance for, 96–102 bent, 40, 41 bottom-bracket, 255 removing, 95, 96 braking surface of, 188 cleaning, 161, 179, 353–354, 397 replacing, 95, 96 calipers and, 195 cover, 255, 256 troubleshooting, 106, 108, 109 disc-brake, 195–196 installing, 161, 284, 401 shifting, 16, 73 installing, 188 lubrication of, 297 electronic, 113, 117–137, 454 six-bolt, 188, 189 removing, 160, 256, 286, 400 troubleshooting, 418 troubleshooting, 416 rubber, 179, 255 shim stacks, 400, 404 truing, 32, 195–196 shaft, 400 Shimano, 27, 52, 59, 86, 111, 249, 261, rubbing, troubleshooting, 419, 420 square, 400 290, 458 rubbing alcohol, 3, 263, 263, 265, 323 wiper, 373 Shimano Alfine, 56

INDEX 474 Shimano brake levers, 217 Shimano M600 levers, 217 Shimano XTR shifters, 73, 85–86, 115 Shimano brakes, 226–227 Shimano M959 pedals, 299 shimmies, troubleshooting, 415 bleeding, 197–199, 201–202, 204 Shimano Nexus internal-gear-hub, 104 shims, 328, 400, 458 Shimano cable-housing cutter, 83 Shimano Octalink, 237, 238, 239, 247, shock body, 399, 400, 406 Shimano Center Lock hubs, 187–188 249 shock-mounting hardware, 398, 399, Shimano Center Lock splined rotors, Shimano Pedaling Dynamics (SPD), 294 410 188, 189 Shimano pedals, 300, 302 shocks, 356, 363, 407 Shimano chain-elongation gauge, 53 bearings for, 299 air-air, 404–405 Shimano chains, 27, 52, 54, 57, 58, 59, Shimano/PRO battery, installing, 117–118 air-oil, 404–405 60 Shimano/PRO Di2 battery holder, 120 coil, 404, 405 Shimano clutch, 75, 77, 104 Shimano/PRO Di2 stem, 119 deflating, 396, 409 Shimano cogs, 73, 172, 173 Shimano/PRO sleeve, 119 elastomer-over, 404, 405 Shimano cover seals, 255, 256 Shimano Quick Link, 60–61 inflating, 410 Shimano cranks, 243 Shimano Rapid Rise derailleurs, 44, 45, installing, 399, 411 Shimano Deore cranks, 249 67, 71, 72, 73, 84 maintaining, 395–401 Shimano derailleurs, 67, 68, 70, 76, 80, Shimano Rapidfire Levers, 84, 94, 99 movement of, 405 261 Shimano Rapidfire shifters, 98–99, 457 preloaded, 405 adjusting, 81 Shimano Saint, 69–70, 85 rear, 43, 405 overhauling, 105–106 Shimano Shadow derailleurs, 68, 69, 74 removing, 396, 398, 409 Shimano Di2, 115, 453 Shimano STX rear derailleurs, 76 replacing, 32 Shimano Di2 batteries, 114, 115, 130, Shimano Synchro Shift, 113–114, 115, 116, stress on, 406 134, 137 131, 134, 135, 137 tuning, 405 installing, 117–119, 120–122 Shimano TL-CN21 chain tool, 59 shoes, mountain bike, 294, 295, 309 Shimano Di2 components Shimano TL-CN22 chain tool, 59 shop apron, 3 connectivity for, 133–134 Shimano TL-CN23 chain tool, 59, 60 SID damping cartridge, replacing, sealing, 132–133 Shimano TL-CN30 chain tool, 59 384–385 Shimano Di2 derailleurs, 132 Shimano TL-CN31 chain tool, 59 SID forks, 363 Shimano Di2 electronic derailleurs, 111, Shimano TL-CN32 chain tool, 59 sit bone spacing measuring tools, 312 113, 114, 133 Shimano TL-CN33 chain tool, 59 skewers, 168, 458 adjusting, 130–131, 131–132 Shimano TL-CN34 chain tool, 59, 60 bolt-on, 16, 22–23 installing, 122–123 Shimano TL-EW02 plug tool, 12, 117, 133 installing, 163 internal routing for, 125 using, 122, 126, 129, 130 replacing, 174 Shimano Di2 electronic shifters, 130–131 Shimano TL-FC17 bearing-preload See also quick-release skewers Shimano Di2 Electronic Thumb Shifter, adjustment tool, 12, 239 sleeves, 168, 194, 254, 308, 397 115 Shimano TL-FC35 crank-removal tool, extra-volume, 409, 410 Shimano Di2 electronic wires, 90 12, 237, 239 seat-tube, 315, 327 Shimano Di2 handlebars, 119 Shimano TL-FDM905 Di2 front-derail- seatpost, 118 Shimano Di2 lead cables, 126, 127, 128 leur-cage wrenches, 12 Slick Honey, 324, 373, 410 Shimano Di2 SM-BTC1 battery case, Shimano XT cranks, 249 Slime, 458 117, 121 Shimano XT Di2 components, 134 snug, 30, 439 Shimano Di2 SM-JC40 bolt-on Junction Shimano XT rear derailleurs, 76 sockets, 308, 403, 458 B, 129 Shimano XT SC-MT800, 114, 134, 135, hex, 156 Shimano Di2 SM-PCE1 interface device, 136 large, 6 134, 135 Shimano XT shifters, 85, 115 splined bottom-bracket, 4, 10 Shimano Di2 Synchro Shift, 134 Shimano XTR bottom brackets, 253, square-drive, 156 Shimano Di2 wires, 123, 126, 129–130, 254 Softride beam, 404 133 Shimano XTR cranks, 242 Softride stem, 270 Shimano Dual Control brake and shift Shimano XTR Di2 components, 134 solvent-bath chain cleaners, 27, 51–52 levers, 85–86, 94, 95, 98 Shimano XTR FC-M970 crankset, 12, solvents, 103, 105, 133, 172 Shimano DX levers, 217 237, 239 citrus-based, 27, 51, 52, 258, 283, Shimano E-type derailleurs, 80, 81 Shimano XTR freehub bodies, 174 286, 344 Shimano freehubs, 175, 176, 177 Shimano XTR Octalink bottom brackets, petroleum-based, 51 Shimano/FSA Mega Exo, 249 247 water-based, 52 Shimano/FSA replacement kits, 256 Shimano XTR Rapidfire, 114 Sonny’s Bike Tools, 256 Shimano HollowTech II, 250 Shimano XTR Rapidfire cables, replac- spacer blocks, 196 Shimano hubs, 157, 158, 159, 346 ing, 86 spacers, 159–160, 162, 166, 252, 260, Shimano Low Normal derailleurs, 44, Shimano XTR Rapidfire Remote bar-end 271, 272, 280, 282, 285, 290, 45, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 84, 456 mounted shifters, 86 458 Shimano LX cranks, 249 Shimano XTR SC-M9050, 114, 134 adding, 249, 376 Shimano LX derailleurs, 76 Shimano XTR SC-M9051, 114, 134, 135, air-volume, 380 Shimano LX shifters, 85, 217 136 installing, 410

INDEX 475 internal, 376 spring rate, 357–358, 360, 361, 364, stand-over clearance, 429, 430, 432, removing, 165, 376 405, 407, 408, 411, 412 434, 459 replacing, 284 adjusting, 358 Stan’s NoTubes, 151, 459 tubular, 165, 169 hard/soft, 358 star-nut installation tools, 6, 280 volume, 358 high/low, 358 star nuts, 271, 272, 277, 280, 284, 459 spanners, 42 negative, 359 stationary trainer, 434 Specialized Ass-O-Meter, 312 progressive, 359 steering, troubleshooting, 418 Specialized Brain shock, 407 spring tension, 220, 222 steering axis, 349, 459 Specialized Epic, 80 adjusting, 105, 227–228, 232 steering systems, 263 Speedplay Frog pedals, 297, 298, 300 springs, 165, 180, 376, 377, 384, steering tubes, 119, 184, 214, 273, 278, Speedplay pedals, 297, 302, 309 458–459 278, 282, 285, 287, 288, 289, spindles, 251, 254, 294 adjusting, 359, 362 385, 386, 459 bottom-bracket, 55, 63, 259, 260, air, 353, 359, 381–382, 406, 408 carbon-fiber, 272, 280 261 coil, 353, 365–366 diameter of, 277 cartridge-bearing, 260 deflating/removing, 370 length of, 277, 290 crank, 255 elastomer, 353 overlap, 271, 284 installing, 249, 250 installing, 179, 223, 366 sighting through, 387 integrated, 250 p-, 76 steel, 272 orientation of, 253 pivot, 63, 75–77, 104, 105, 106 stems and, 268, 292 pedal, 306, 308, 434 positive, 359, 406, 410 stripped, 352 removing, 239 removing, 375, 377, 383, 385 stuck stems and, 274, 275, 292 square-taper, 237, 238 return, 220, 222 threaded, 270 titanium, 308 soft, 357 threadless, 268, 270–272, 352 SpinSkins, 34 spreader, 184 stem clamps, 270, 271, 272, 277, 278, splines, 170, 174, 188, 239, 458 sprocket remover tool, 174 291 spoke calculator, 330 SQLabs, 312 checking, 266 spoke holder, 10 squeaking, 327–328 spreading, 274 spoke holes, 32, 153, 332 troubleshooting, 420 undertightening, 437 spoke tension gauge, 10 squealing, 220 stem length, 433, 459 spokes, 41, 330–331 troubleshooting, 420 stems, 214, 263, 268–270, 280, 284, aero, 331 SRAM, 37, 60, 74, 94, 106, 108, 459 459 braking and, 344, 345 SRAM/Avid brakes, bleeding, 320 adjusting, 270–272, 273–274, 292 converging parallel, 340 SRAM bleed kit, 199 clamp-type, 270 crossing, 347 SRAM brake levers, 217 expanding, 352 dividing, 333 SRAM brakes, bleeding, 199–200, 320 front-opening, 291 double-threaded, 346 SRAM cassette, removing, 172 horizontal, 268 drive-side, 333, 348 SRAM chains, 52, 54, 59, 60, 64, 65 installing, 119, 270–272, 273, 281 first set of, 333–335 SRAM cogsets, 73, 172 lightweight, 273, 291 installing, 333–334, 335 SRAM cranks, 257 maintaining, 273 lacing, 334, 335–336, 337, 338–339, SRAM derailleurs, 72, 80, 83 quill-type, 273 345–347 SRAM ESP derailleurs, 74 removing, 270, 273, 274–275, 285 loosening, 342, 343 SRAM Grip Shift, 88, 108 replacing, 32, 273, 284, 291 nail-head, 346 maintenance for, 96–98 single-bolt, 266 prepping, 332, 344 replacing, 95–96 steering tubes and, 268, 292 pulling, 344, 345 SRAM Half Pipe Grip Shifts, 97 stuck, 274–275, 292 radial, 346, 348 SRAM Half Pipe twist shifter, 88, 95–96 suspension, 270 static, 345 SRAM Jonnisnot, 89 tightening, 16, 437 tensioning, 154, 332, 341, 344, 346 SRAM PowerLink, 60–61, 62 troubleshooting, 291–292 thickness of, 348 SRAM PowerLock, 60–61 turning problems with, 292 thin, 331 SRAM shifters, 88 step-down insert, splined, 4 tightening, 340–341, 342, 344 SRAM Shortie Grip Shifts, 96, 97 stopscrews, 105, 106 spoking patterns SRAM Trigger Levers, 84, 94 straps, 293, 294 one-cross, 329, 331, 333, 347 SRAM/Truvativ, 257 Stronglight, 279, 286 radial, 333, 345–347, 346, 348 SRAM/Truvativ GXP crankset, 243, 249, subpins, 57, 58 rear-wheel, 348 256, 257 SunTour, 169 three-cross, 329, 331, 338, 346–347, SRAM X-Horizon rear derailleurs, 55, 74 Surly, 56 348 SRAM XD cassettes, 170, 173, 174 suspension, 360, 389 two-cross, 329, 333, 347 SRAM XD freehub body, 170, 174 activating, 355 spring preload, 358, 365, 405, 459 SRAM XD splines, 173 checking, 31, 406–407 adjusting, 357, 406 SRAM XX direct-mount front derailleurs, evaluating, 402 spring pressure, positive, 359 80 rear, 357, 389

INDEX 476 tires and, 139, 356 axles of, 300 torso length, 433 troubleshooting, 418 bearings of, 300, 302 Torx keys, 4, 194, 460 tuning, 404–405 tensioning, 298 Torx T10 Key, 199, 322, 323, 324 tweaking, 411, 412 Time TMT pedals, 299, 300 Torx T25 Key, 11, 12, 40, 81, 93, 190, 304, suspension forks, xv, 45, 187, 229, 430 Tioga pedals, 300, 302 306, 308, 322, 439 high-quality, 399 tire beads, 145, 459 Torx T30 Key, 77, 241 suspension systems, front-/rear-, xv, 25, tire casing, 141, 147, 151 Torx wrenches, 28, 84 42–43, 45, 104, 389 torn, 35–36, 152 transmission fluid, 375 swingarms, 24, 78, 391, 392, 402, 406, tire circumference, 421 travel 459 tire inflators, 10–11 adjusting, 362, 375–381 movement of, 413 tire levers, 2, 11, 12, 141, 186, 459 measuring, 354–355, 356 syringes, 374, 383 tire pressure, 16, 31, 147 Trek, 246 bleed, 198, 199, 321 tire pressure gauge, 3 Trek BB30 bearings, 251 remote, 321–322, 323 tire rotation, direction of, 149 Trek BB30 bottom brackets, 245–246, seatpost, 321–322, 322 tire sealants, 4, 459 249, 250–251, 259 tires Trek BB30 cranks, 258 T47 bottom brackets, 247 burping, 148 Trek BB30 spindles, 251 taillight/flasher, 13 damage to, 31 Trek BB30 tool bushings, 251 TALAS units, replacing, 376 deflating, 140, 152 Trek BB86 bottom brackets, 246 talcum powder, 2, 145 diameter of, 144 Trek BB86 road shell, 246 tape flat, 15, 33 Trek BB90 bottom brackets, 246 duct, 13 ideal size, 144 Trek BB90 frames, 250 pipe, 140 inflating, 34, 146, 150, 151, 152, 421 Trek BB92 bottom brackets, 245, 246, tubeless sealing, 149, 151 inspecting, 16, 31, 146 257, 259 taps, 6, 10, 394, 459 installing, 141, 145–146, 148–151 installing, 249–250 Taya chains, 52, 54 leaks in, 143, 151 Trek BB92 mountain bike shell, 246 Taya “Sigma Connector” master link, 62 removing, 139, 141–142, 142–143, 150, Trek BB95 bottom bracket shells, 246 telescoping magnet, 9 386 Trek BB95 bottom brackets, 246, 250, tension adjustment, 222, 228, 298 seating, 150 257, 259 tensioning, 69, 154, 207, 227, 228, 331, sew-up, 139 Trek BB95 frames, 250 332, 341, 344, 346 suspension and, 356 Trek BB386 EVO bottom brackets, 246, tensioning tools, 331 TLR, 148, 149 259 Third Eye Chain Watcher, 111 troubleshooting, 418 Trek BB392 EVO bottom brackets, thread-adjustment ring, 21 tubeless, 33, 34, 141, 142–143, 147, 245–246, 247, 257 threaded parts, prepping, 28 148–151, 150 installing, 249–250 threadlock compound, 4, 9, 28, 169, UST, 148, 149 trigger shifters, 96, 216 308, 438 titanium, 391, 413 trueness, 32, 39, 342, 344 threads toe-ins, 232 truing, 154–156, 341–342, 346 bottom-bracket, 394 toeclips, 293 lateral, 341 BSA, 247 Tool Kit radial, 156, 342 cross-threaded, 394 Level 1, 1–3 truing stands, 6, 11, 154, 343 fixing, 393–395 Level 2, 1, 3–4, 6 using, 340, 341, 342 stripped, 394 Level 3, 1, 6, 9 Truvativ, 460 tapping, 394 tools, xv, 1, 33 Truvativ GXP cranksets, 250, 257 303 Aerospace Protectant, 33 for all rides, 12–13 Truvativ HammerSchmidt crankset, 99 through-axles, 6, 157–158, 413, 459 carrying, 46 tubeless conversion system (TCS), 148 clamp-in, 18, 19 for multiday trips, 13 tubeless ready (TLR), 148, 149, 460 detaching wheels with, 118 special, 15 tubes, 33, 35, 151 draw-bolt, 19 toothbrushes, 27, 167, 173, 258 checking, 32 quick-release, 1, 18, 19 top caps, 278, 280, 282, 365, 460 deflating, 139, 146 screw-in, 22 installing, 272, 380 inflating, 35, 36, 145 tightening, 21–22 removing, 274, 323, 377 installing, 35, 145–146 thumb shifters, 94, 99, 459 top tubes, 127, 432, 433, 460 knotting, 35 replacing, 96 Topeak All Speeds chain tool, 59 patching, 35, 144, 145 replacing cable in, 84 Topeak Chain Hook & Wear Indicator, removing, 139, 141–142 tight, 30, 439 53–54 rim strips and, 145 Time ATAC pedals, 296, 299, 303 Topeak/Spinergy valve extenders, 140 spare, 2, 12, 13, 32, 34, 35, 43 axles of, 300 Topo pedals, 298, 302 tubing cutter, 10 bent clips on, 309 torque, 77, 190, 239, 352, 366, 401, 460 tweezers, 4, 5 Time ATAC XS pedals, 298 settings, 437, 438 twist shifters, 94, 102, 216, 460 Time pedals, 295, 296, 297, 309 tightening, 29 replacing, 95–96

INDEX 477 U-brakes, 23, 212, 231–232, 460 spoke, 331 Wippermann ConneX link, 61–62 understeering, 362 thick, 403 Wippermann master link, 37 undertightening, problems with, 437 water bottles, 45 wires, 13, 90, 133 unified-rear-triangle systems, 62, 100 bosses for, 128, 394 battery, 121, 128 units, conversion between, 438 wedges, 277, 292, 309, 454 derailleur, 129 Universal Standard Tubeless (UST), 142, Wellgo pedals, 298, 302, 303 e-tube, 126, 127, 128, 129 148, 460 wet wipes, 13 installing, 123, 125–130 wheel-retention devices, 460–461 wiring schematics, 123 V-brakes, 211, 213, 217, 223, 231, 232, 460 wheelbuilding, 39, 153, 329, 333 wobble, 155, 156, 260, 341 adjusting, 218–222, 224 for big riders, 347–348 Wrench Force housing cutter, 83 bosses, 392, 394 parts for, 330–332 wrenches, 160, 201, 237, 279, 282, 294, centering, 220–221 reviewing, 344–345 297, 318, 324, 461 installing, 218–221 wheels, 153, 259, 346, 347, 349, 434 adjustable, 3, 37, 174, 175, 240, 241, mounting, 218 bent, 38, 39, 40, 415 254, 401 optimizing, 221 centering, 343–344 Allen, 28, 451 parallel-push, 220 cleaning, 25 bottom-bracket, 245 performance of, 216 disc-brake, 331, 333 box-end, 3, 29, 81, 93, 201, 403 releasing noodle from, 212 dishing, 343–344, 392 cog, 173 removing, 32 installing, 20, 24–25, 70, 190, 192, combination, 373 replacing pads on, 221–222 202, 203–204, 374 cone, 5, 10, 158, 159, 162, 181 valve core removers, 4 lacing, 333–340, 346–347 crowfoot, 8, 10, 401, 438, 453 valve cores, 140, 150, 151, 152 off-center, 352 headset, 4, 281 valve extenders, 140, 141 prestressing, 344 hex, 28, 156 valve holes, 145, 149, 153 removing, 16, 17, 19, 23–24, 25, 117, open-end, 3, 12, 29, 165, 201 valve stems, 140, 143, 145, 146, 148, 152 139, 142, 158, 193, 196, 213, 230, pedal, 3, 13, 295, 300 valves, 149, 151 275 socket, 4, 29, 167, 305, 324, 332, air, 352, 400 rim-brake, 330 403, 458 tubeless tire, 142, 150 spinning, 16 specialty, 6, 156 Vari-Travel system, 376 straightening, 39 splined, 4, 6, 10, 29 vibrations, troubleshooting, 415, tensioning, 340–341, 342 spoke, 3, 6, 8, 10, 13, 38, 39, 40, 154, 418–419 true, 413 332, 340–341 vises, 4, 6, 10, 403 truing, 154–156, 341–342 torque, 6, 23, 31, 77, 239, 437, 438, stuck stems and, 275 Wheels Mfg., 244, 246, 251, 256, 395 460 Vittoria Pit Stop, 151 Wheelsmith SpokePrep, 28 untwisting, 37 volume spacers, 377, 381, 408, 409 White Industries hubs, 169 Y-, 10, 156 VP pedals, 302 Wilderness Trail Bikes, 169 wiper seal driver, 11 X-Actuation SRAM Grip Shift, 87 washers, 162, 178, 225, 229, 251, 281, wipers, 373 X-Actuation XO Grip Shift, 98 287, 305, 397, 404 wipes, minor, 104–105 X-Actuation XX Grip Shift, 98 lock, 456 Wippermann chain-elongation gauge, 54 shim, 364 Wippermann chains, 52, 54, 64, 65 yokes, 225, 231, 232, 461

INDEX

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Lennard Zinn is a bike racer, frame builder, and technical writer. He grew up cycling, skiing, whitewater rafting, and kayaking—as well as tinkering with mechanical devices—in Los Alamos, New Mexico. After receiving his physics degree from Colorado College, he became a member of the US Olympic Development Cycling Team. He went on to work in Tom Ritchey’s frame- building shop and has been producing custom mountain, road, and triathlon frames, as well as custom cranks and stems, at Zinn Cycles since 1982 (zinncycles.com). Zinn has been writing for VeloNews since 1989 and is the senior technical writer for the magazine and its website, velonews.com. Other books by Zinn are Zinn & the Art of Road Bike Maintenance (VeloPress, 5th ed. 2016), The Haywire Heart: How Too Much Exercise Can Kill You, and What You Can Do to Protect Your Heart (VeloPress, 2017), Zinn & the Art of Triathlon Bikes (VeloPress, 2007), Zinn’s Cycling Primer (VeloPress, 2004), Mountain Bike Performance Handbook (MBI, 1998), and Mountain Bike Owner’s Manual (VeloPress, 1998).

ABOUT THE ILLUSTRATORS

Todd Telander is a former mechanic and bike racer who devotes most of his time these days to artistic endeavors. He attended the University of California at Santa Cruz, and, while earning degrees in Environmental Studies and Biology, he completed a graduate-level program in sci- entific illustration. He has since studied fine art in several western states and was awarded an artist’s residency at Rocky Mountain National Park. In addition to drawing bike parts, he paints and draws wildlife and landscapes for publishers, museums, design companies, and individuals. You can see more examples of his work on his website, toddtelander.com.

Mike Reisel is a graphic designer who spends most of his time art directing magazines and websites, riding his bike, and ignoring the pleas to lubricate his drivetrain. SPORTS/CYCLING EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO FIX YOUR BIKE! $26.95

Whether your mountain bike is new or old, running great or in need of Bicycle Basics repair, Lennard Zinn’s easy-to-follow instructions will help you maintain • Simple instructions for regular bicycle care it and keep it working like new. Learn how to do it yourself and take care • How to do your own bike fit of every part of your bicycle, from basic tune-ups to major overhauls. Simple step-by-step instructions will guide you through each proce- Complete Bike Repair dure, including how to fix shifting problems; repair a flat; adjust brakes; • How to fix every bike part: brakes, wheels, tires, headsets, maintain or replace a chain; troubleshoot noises; adjust suspension; pedals, derailleurs, chains, hubs, handlebars, seatposts, true a wheel—it’s all here, with hundreds of detailed illustrations of how saddles, shifters, shocks, and suspension forks parts go together and professional advice for doing the job right. Itemized lists explain which tools you’ll need, whether you are stock- Solve Common Bicycle Problems ing a workshop or making a quick repair. • Diagnose and fix problems like a skipping chain, rough No matter what type of mountain bike or hybrid you own, Lennard shifting, squeaky brakes, or a stuck seatpost Zinn’s time-saving tips and clear instructions will help you maintain it, fix it, upgrade it, and keep it running dependably for years to come. The Ultimate Reference Zinn & the Art of Mountain Bike Maintenance is your one-stop refer- • Exhaustive troubleshooting index; glossary of terms; torque ence for everything you need to know about your bike! specifications; gear chart for 26-, 27.5-, and 29-inch wheels

Friction shifting CHAPTER 5 MORE THAN 750 ILLUSTRATIONS AND EXPLODED VIEWS! Steel frames CHAPTER 17 Quill stems CHAPTER 12

Cantilever brakes Threaded headsets CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 12

Threaded freewheels CHAPTER 8

Loose-bearing hubs CHAPTER 8 Quick-release wheels CHAPTER 8

Fixing flats Wheelbuilding CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 15

Tires and tubes Threaded CHAPTER 7 bottom brackets Cage pedals and toe clips CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER 13

is the world’s leading expert on bike LENNARD ZINN www.velopress.com maintenance and repair. He was a member of the US national racing team and has been riding and fixing bikes for more than 50 years. A professional frame builder and bike designer, Lennard is also a technical writer for VeloNews magazine and hosts the popular Tech Q&A column on VeloNews.com.