THE LIFE-BOAT,

OR

JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION.

QTJAKTEBLY.)

Pares 4& VOL. IX.—No. 95.] FEBKUABY IST, 1875. DOVBIB NtfMBEB CWITH WSKCK CHART.

EOYAL COMMISSION" ON UNSEAWORTHY SHIPS. FINAL EEPOBT IN our last number we commented on the j the test of practical application. It is first portion of this important Beport, stated that the law requiring boats to be comprising the clauses on "Overloading carried in proportion to tonnage had been and Load Line," "Deck Loads," "Grain j found to be impracticable; that by the Cargoes," and "Survey of British Mer- ; Act of 1873 the BOABD OF TBADE had chant Ships." j taken discretionary power in the matter, Of the remaining clauses some will but that their surveyors sometimes dif- only call for a Tery cursory glance, as, fered in their views, the number of boats although affecting more or less the wel- sanctioned at one port being afterwards fare of the Mercantile Marine, they have disallowed at another, occasioning thereby only an indirect connection with the expense to the owner and obstruction to question of loss of life at sea, with which trade. we are more immediately concerned. So as regards ships' lights: it is ad- Semedial Legislation.—Taking the se- mitted that they are most important for the avoidance of collisions, but shipowners veral clauses consecutively, the nest that calls for observation is that headed " Ee- are said to complain that the lights ap- medial Legislation;" which thus com- proved by one surveyor are disapproved by another, and that the BOAED OF TKADE mences :••— have not as yet prescribed any satisfac- "Parliament has during many years been engaged in attempting to regulate minute details connected tory standard of efficiency, yet tell them with Shipping. Shipowners reasonably complain that they must obey the statute. that they have been harassed in their bnsiness by Again, that watertight bulkheads are well-intended but ill-contrived legislation, and Sat this legislation is enforced by a Department undoubtedly a security against a ship's imperfectly acquainted with the science of Ship- foundering at sea, but that the law pre- building and with the interests of our Mercantile scribing two bulkheads as a minimum Harine. The officers of the Board of Trade admit th»t many enactments, designed to secure safety of served but to increase the risk and give a life at sea, have been mischievous, and should be false notion of security. The Commis- modified or repealed. The amount of legislation, sioners, on this head, also see great prac- and the multiplicity of details connected with tical difficulty in the way of legislation. Shipping, which are now regulated by law, have not been altogether successful, and it seems that The position of sea-cocks, double bot- the results aimed at are hardly attainable by Acts toms for water ballast, insufficient security «f Parliament" of the ventilating hatchways of engine- Several instances are then quoted of rooms and stoke-holes, the mode of test- feilure of past legislation when brought to ing chain-cables, the adjustment of com-

LOTS-BOAT JOTJBNAL.—YOL. IX.—No. 95. o 202 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBIIUAEY 1,1875. passes in iron ships, regulations as to mode of conducting these inquiries; that safety-valves, are all referred to under this the tribunal does not command general head, and the general conclusion come to confidence; that the mode of procedure is that they are not matters for legislation; was said to be dilatory and expensive, the and the Commissioners state that the power of the court ill defined; that in evidence respecting them evinces the in- some cases it could not be enforced; and expediency of incessant interference in that the present mode of conducting these details connected with shipping; that the inquiries assumed the shape of a criminal BOABD OF TRADE have now large dis- proceeding- against the captain, rather cretionary powers; that the judicious than a careful investigation into the cause exercise of those powers will suffice to of the disaster. Again, that the conrt check negligent shipowners without ha- has no power over the shipowner, who, rassing the whole mercantile community, however culpable, was altogether beyond and that much 'legislation OH Matters of its jurisdiction. detail might be advantageously dispensed The Commissioners consider it a matter with. Finally, after observing that the of public interest that these inquiries present system of compulsory pilotage is j should be conducted in such a manner as not conducive to the security of life or ! might best disclose the circumstances to property at sea, and that it will be ad- which every disaster at sea should ba vantageous to get rid of it, they pronounce ! ascribed. They, therefore, attach great the opinion, " that all systems which tend importance to the institution of such to remove responsibility from shipowners searching and impartial inquiry as might and their paid servants are against the show whether the casualty had arisen true principles of public policy, and that , from faulty construction of the vessel, bad they consider compulsory pilotage to be stowage, or from circumstances connected one of those systems." i with her navigation—the incompetence of Without disputing the general correct- • the officers, or the neglect or misconduct ness of the principles above enunciated by •j of the crew. the Commissioners, we question whether, ii In commenting on the preliminary in- looking to the fearful calamities that occur quiries made by the "Keceivers of Wrecks," from time to time, such as those to the \', they state that, founded on the evidence La Plata and Cospatrick, the British they had obtained, they recommend that public will be satisfied that such ques- :', the preliminary inquiry by the Receiver tions as those on adequate supply of of Wrecks should be limited to such a boats and rafts, and a sufficient number : narrative statement as would enable the of watertight bulkheads in iron ships, { BOABD OF TRADE, with the aid of their shall be left to the discretion and respon- \ legal adviser, to decide on the propriety sibility of shipowners, at least in the case of an official inquiry. And, should such of passenger ships. Property may be left i an inquiry be deemed advisable with the to the care of those interested in, it; but j view of ascertaining the cause of the dis- experience has amply shown that a sense aster, and thereby guarding against future of duty and feelings of humanity, where casualties, that there should be a com- their pecuniary interests are concerned, plete severance between the inquiry and have not sufficient influence over many any proceedings of a penal character; that persons to induce them to provide for the it should be a mere inquest into the cause safety of human lives intrusted to their of the loss or casualty, the result being care. reported to the BOARD OF TKADB, and the Board having power to prosecute the Inquiries 5y the Board of Trade.— shipowner, or to proceed criminally against The Commissioners, at the outstart, the master, mate, or any member of the under this heading, state that serious ob- crew, whose neglect of duty might have jections are entertained to the present occasioned the disaster. FEBRUAKY 1,1875.] THE LIFE-BOAT. '203

The Commissioners then proceed:— of movement may at any moment prove "We think that the llth section of the Mer- fatal. The Report states, on this head, chant Shipping Act, 1871, should be amended, that and be made expressly to extend to the Master "The growth of trade, aa

o 2 204 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBBUAKY 1,1875, by the local Marine Board, a body partly are said to have impaired discipline by elected by the shipowners, and partly se- weakening the authority of the master lected by the BOABD OF TKAIXE. Some of a ship over his crew, the Report shipowners now state that the system states:— does not work well, and that it would be "There appears, practically, to be very little better if they were allowed to engage sea- power of punishing the Sailor tot anything bat men, as other employers engage their mutinous conduct, ia consequflace of which h« workmen, without the presence of the can be guilty, with impunity, of many gross de- relictions of dvity, some of which tend directly shipping master. to the loss of property and of life. We are in- We are glad to observe, however, that formed that it is impracticable to punish a Sailoi the Commissioners have nofc consented to for such a gross breach of trust as neglecting to keep a look-out, except by gouie extreme process, look at the matter from the shipowners' such as charging him with manslaughter after point of view alone. They justly remark loss of life. Such offences as drunkenness on that the arrangement was made for the duty, neglect to place a look-out or to relieve it, protection of the seaman, in order that he sleeping on the look-out, neglect of machinery, disobedience and insubordination, appear to as to might be better acquainted with the ar- requite more direct penalties, and a less cumbrous, ticles signed by him, with his pay, the remedy, than that of being treated as mutiny, or duration of his voyage, and other details. of being- only punished when they have produced They observe that the practices by fatal results." which sailors were obtained before the The question as to the preservation of establishment of shipping offices were discipline in a merchant ship, and more corrupt and degrading, and that if the especially in one of small or average size, captain of a ship will take trouble in is, we think, a very difficult one. In the seeking out eligible men, he can arrange ship of war the case is very different; hei to meet them at the shipping office, or captain is not only supported by his exe- even engage them on. board under a spe- cutive officers, by the ship's police, and cial application. They, therefore, decline by that staunch and splendid corps, the to recommend the abolition of shipping Koyal Marines, who, in the few cases where offices, but desire that it should be re- ships' companies have shown a mutinous membered they were not intended to re- spirit, have invariably stood by the cap- lieve captains from the trouble of seeking tain and officers; but he is -virtually men fitted for sea service. backed by the whole armed fleet to which They state that the anxiety of Parlia- he is attached, and, indeed, by the whole ment tq protect the seaman and treat; naval and military forces of the king- him as incompetent to take care of him- j dom ; and even in the larger class of mer- self, and to require the special interference chant ships the captain is supported by of the legislature, has exercised a bad several officers, and in them, as a rule, the effect on his character; has tended to de- majority of the ship's company would be stroy confidence between the captain and well inclined. But in the smaller mer- crew, and to promote insubordination chant vessel in the foreign trade the master where good discipline is essential to safety. stands virtually alone. The mate and the Nevertheless, the fact remains, that he men are companions, and they will per- was treated as incompetent to take care of haps ia general hang together. Every- himself because he really was so. When |thing will then depend on the tact and the better circumstances arise, to which ' fitness for command of the master himself. we have above referred, we will hope i If he be a skilful seaman, taking an in- that the tutelage to which he is now, we j terest in his crew as well as in his ship, think beneficially, subjected may be ad- and combining kindness of heart with vantageously withdrawn, as it will be no some firmness of character, the probability longer needed. j is he will have little or no tsouUe mth After relating some of the causes which his men, and that, evea if there should be FEBBUABY 1,1875.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 205

one or more " black sheep" amongst them, readily take the boys. The system, of apprenticeship undoubtedly affords the best means of training boys the better men will stand by him and j for a service in which fitness only"can be acquired keep the others in check. i during early life, and if Shipowners were willing The writer once took a passage in a to contribute, aa suggested above, it would, ia our merchant brig, and during the whole : opinion, be a wise policy for the Government to 1 aid these industrial schools of the Mercantile time that he was on board the crew were j Marine." sulky and almost mutinous, whilst the The Commissioners farther state:— master seldom spoke to any of them with- out an oath, and generally in a more or "The system of training boys for the Royal Navy has been successful, and if a somewhat less offensive manner. It was but too similar plan could be adopted for the Mercantile evident that the fault was not all on the Marine, the Sailora and Shipowners would be side of the men. benefited, while many sources of danger to the Merchant Service would be diminished or re- moved." Compulsory Apprenticeship. — On this vexed question the Eeport states:— | We have frequently in this Journal j advocated compulsory apprenticeship, and " With a view to remedy the existing deficiency of Able Seamen, several witnesses recommend the | to this proposed scheme of such appren- adoption of compulsory apprenticeship. A system ticeship, combined with training ships, we of compulsory apprenticeship was established in heartily echo the sentiments of the Com- the rear 1844, but was abolished in 1849, on mission ; for we firmly believe that ^ithin the repeal of the Navigation Laws. Some Ship- owners subsequently desired to restore the system, the life of a generation it would raise our but the measure was successfully opposed by Mercantile Marine to the high and noble others interested in steamships. The increased j position which it ought to occupy, not employment of steamers has diminished the oppor- tunities for training Sailors, and although steam only in vast numerical superiority to any vessels engaged in the Coasting Trade and in short of the other Merchant Navies of the voyages attract many of the best men, they train world, but, by the character of its mem- op few for the service. Different schemes have bers, as one of the greatest civilising been suggested to supply this acknowledged evil, Firstly, compulsory apprenticeship ; secondly, influences over the most distant regions training ships; thirdly, & combination of both of the globe. schemes. This last plan may be understood from the following outline:—It is proposed that every Desertion in Foreign Ports.—This is an vessel above 100 tons register, whether propelled undoubted evil, which, as the Keport by sail or steam, should be required to carry Ap- prentices in proportion to her tonnage (the number states, deserves the serious consideration to be fixed hereafter), or to pay a small contribu- of the Government. tion annually (such as 6d. per ton register), this sum to be applied towards the maintenance of Advance Notes.—We feel so strongly training ships in all the principal ports of the that any system of payment to the seaman United Itingdom. The Apprentices should, it is said, be indentured at or about the age of 14 to the of wages before they are earned must be Master of the training ship for five years, and after ruinous to him, being a direct incentive serving in this ship for one or two years, the to dishonesty and to recklessness -when, indenture should be transferred to any Shipowner who would be willing to take the Apprentice, and on shore in the intervals between the with whom the Apprentice might be willing to serve periods of his employment afloat, that until the completion of his term. In order that we give in extenso the remarks and re- these training ships might fit the boys for service i commendation of the Commission on the at sea, a small vessel should, it is suggested, be attached to each ship, go that, with other instruc- , subject. tion, the habit of a eea life might be acquired. | " The evidence before us leads to the conclusion These school ships should be inspected and receive i that the system of Advance Notes is one 'great grants from the State according to their efficiency. obstacle to the amelioration of the condition, of In the Report of the Commission on Manning the j Merchant Seamen. All the witnesses whom we Navy in the year 1859, training ships were proposed have examined admit that the system is most p*t- to be maintained at the public expense. The i nicious, but it is defended on the ground that with- cost of every boy so trained was estimated at 25Z. i out this advance the Sailor could not pay for his a year. This sum would be increased by the lodging on shore, or procure the clothes requisite additional cost of sailing tenders, and without this j for him when he joins a ship. In practice it seems preparation for a sea life Shipowners would not so : that the Advance Note is handed over to the 206 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBRUARY 1,1875. lodging-house keeper, not usually in exchange for probably, in a future one, do so more in cash, but in discharge of debts which the Sailor detail; for the present, therefor^, we has been induced to incur. The lodging-house reserve its discussion. In the meantime keeper charges a heavy fiisco\mt, and the Sailor is we would strongly recommend a careful frequently brought on board half clad and in- toxicated. Shipowners and Captains of Merchant perusal of that portion of the Beport ships concur in stating that a large portion of the which refers to it. The Commissioners ship's Crew is very often brought ot even, lifted on clearly point out the evils and anomalies board in a condition of helpless drunkenness, that in connection with the present system of the vessel must often be detained for 24 hours insurance, and also the difficulties in the in order that the men may be so far recovered as way of remedying them. They then say:— to be able to get her under weigh, and that there is great risk of life and property at the commence- " It appears to us that our whole system of In- ment of the voyage from the consequent in- I surance Law requires complete revision ; for not efficiency of the Seamen. The Advance Note is } only does it allow the Insured in some cases to not payable until some days after the sailing of j recover more than the loss actually sustained by the ship; but if the ship then puts back or touches • him, but it also, on the other hand, deprives him at another port, the Seaman often takes the oppor- : of an indemnity in cases in -which he ought to be tunity of making some complaint, in order to get protected by his insurance," free from his engagement, and will even incur a ; The Report states that in some eases of month's imprisonment "with tMs object, whilst the " valued policies," shipowners have been Shipowner, or the person who has cashed the note, loses the money which has been paid in advance. allowed to recover 50, even 100, per cent, It is said that if there were no Advance Note, the more than the value of their vessels. crimp in a foreign or colonial port would not have It may be impossible to prevent such the same inducement to entice tie Sailor to desert. over - insurance being in one form or After careful consideration of the numerous evils another effected, but there cannot be two attending this mode of prepayment, we recommend opinions as to its direct tendency to pro- that Advance Notes should be declared illegal, that no payment or order for payment made in advance mote insecurity of life at sea. for wages shall be a discharge for the payment of Conclusion.—The Commissioners in. con- any portion of a Seaman's wages when due, and cluding their Eeport briefly recapitulate that no money paid by a Shipowner to or for a Seaman shall be debited to the Seaman, except the general principles on which their re- wages already earned, the Allotment Notes, and commendations are founded. As they the cost of such supplies as the* Seaman may receive i consider that the BOARD OF TEADE possess, after joining the ship. There will be some incon- i under the recent Act, ample discretionary venience felt at first fion\ tte abolition of the power to detain British vessels believed existing system, and there will be perhaps con- to be overladen, or in any other respect siderable opposition to the change in the ports, and ' unseaworthy, they deem it unnecessary amongst the lodging-house keepers, who profit by the Advance Notes. We feel, however, convinced and inexpedient to subject all British that unless this mischievous mode of payment be shipowners to the delay and annoyance of discontinued, the Seamen will never be raised from official surveys and inspections; and they their servile dependence on crimps, and tangbt to thiat that the improved system of inquiry rely on their own industry and intelligence. The which they had indicated would afford crimping system at Quebec was brought to our the best means of guarding against future notice by witnesses well acquainted with the dis- graceful practices in that port. The disorderly disasters. proceedings consequent upon it require stringent In accordance with those views they measures for their repression, and deserve the ' had, throughout their Eeport, been an- attention of the Colonial as well as of the Home ; xious not to transfer responsibility from Government; but we have not entered further into the shipowner to the executive Govern- matters which belong directly to colonial adminis- ment; and they consider that such a tration." policy and such measures as they had We rejoice to think that the Beport , indicated, judiciously administered by recommends the complete abolition of this ' the BOAKD OF TBAMT, would contribute to unmitigated evil, by making all advance i the greater safety of life at sea. notes illegal. We cannot conclude our revision of this valuable Eeport without offering our Marine Insurance.—This difficult and testimony to the able, painstaking, and complicated question is one of too great judicious manner in which the Commis- importance and involving too vast in- sioners have executed the task intrusted terests to be treated hastily; we have in to them. former numbers remarked on it, and will If" FEBRUARY 1, 1875.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 207

SERVICES OF THE LIFE-BOATS OF THE NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION— (continued).

WHITBFBN.—The barque Canada Belle, bay, and the sea, breaking over and filling of Whitby, struck on the Whitburn Steel her as soon as she struck, threatened to rocks during a gale of wind at S.S.W. on wash the crew from the rigging. The the night of the 23rd Nov., 1872. Fortu- same Life-boat was called out on the nately her signals of distress were ob- 20th December, to the aid of the crew of served, and the Thomas Wilson Life-boat, the schooner Swift, of Wexford, which had •with infinite difficulty, was launched gone ashore in Dundrum Bay during a through the breakers to her assistance. gale from the S.E. It was early in the Nothing but the most determined courage evening when the boat was called out; and perseverance on the part of the crew but the weather became so bad, and the enabled them to achieve their object on night so intensely dark, that great risk this occasion. They had got on board was rim in saving the vessel's crew. 2 women, 2 children, and 4 men from Happily, however, the 5 men were at. the wreck, when a tremendous sea filled length brought safely to land. their boat and swept them away from her. Having, broken several oars, their efforts LYME BEGIS.—On the 26th November to regain her proved futile, and they at a ship's boat crowded with people was last bore up for the shore. Having descried from this station scudding before landed the above-mentioned 8 persons, a westerly gale. The Manchester Branch they replaced the broken oars, and having Life-boat William Woodcock was promptly procured a few fresh men, they again launched, and managed to intercept the launched and happily succeeded, by 2.30 boat as she was on the point of rushing A.M., in landing safely the remainder of among dangerous breakers, which would the ship's crew, making, in all, 15 persons inevitably have overwhelmed her. The saved. The crew of the Tliomas Wilson men thus saved by the Life-boat were were nearly six hours in wet and cold the master and crew of the Cassibelaunus, of whilst performing this service. North Shields, which vessel had foundered off the Start that morning. NEWCASTLE, DCSDRUM BAT.—On the | TENBY.—The Florence Life-boat of this 26th November the Life-boat Reigate put \ station proceeded through heavy squalls off from this station and saved 8 per- i to the assistance of the schooner Aden, of sons from the barque Juliana, of Eiga, j Liverpool, on the 26th November, then which vessel had been driven into the in distress off Caldy Island. At the re- 208 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBEUAEY 1,18T5. quest of the master, the Life-boat remained j had run ashore disabled by a westerly by the Aden till she was rescued from j gale. her perilous position and safely brought j to an anchor. I WEST HARTLBPOOL. — A heavy gale •was blowing at E.S.B. on the 18th De- EXMOTJTH.—The Victoria, Life-boat put! : cember, when the Life-boat Foresters' Pride off in a W.N.W. gale on the 5th De- put out and saved 9 men from the brig cember, and rendered important services Commander Soiling, of Grimstadt One to the schooner Flora, of Exeter, then in man was saved by the rocket apparatus. distress near Exmouth Bar. KIMERIDGE, DORSET.—On the 9th De- j MOSTEOSE, N.B.—One of the most gal- cember, at 11 P.M., the ship Stralsund, of lant Life-boat services ever rendered on Stralsund, was driven on a ledge of the Scotch coast was performed by the rocks east of Kimeridge. A heavy storm Montrose Life-boats on the 21st Decem- and dark night did not prevent the crew ber, it being attended with the greatest of the Mary Heape Life-boat, which is one risk to some of the brave Life-boat men. of the smallest on the coast, from launch- It appears that at daybreak the brig ing her to the assistance of the wrecked Henrietta, of Memel, was seen in distress ship. Their efforts, however, proved futile, off the Sandy Ness, Montrose, while the and after a desperate struggle she was wind was blowing strongly from the S.E. forced back on the beach. Daylight, and a very heavy sea running. The crew however, brought a moderation of the of the two Life-boats and the Life Bri- storm, and the Life-boat was again gade Volunteers turned out with all launched, and at length reached the speed, and the larger boat, the Mincing wreck. As she did so the coastguard Lane, was rowed down the river to the sncceeded in throwing a line over her mouth of the harbour, by which time the with the rocket apparatus. Using this vessel had driven on the Sands about line for hauling to and fro, the Life-boat, 200 yards north of the Forfar and Kin- in two trips, landed the whole of the cardine Battery, and three-quarters of a crew of 15 persons from the perishing mile away from the harbour. In that vesseJ. position the Mincing Lane Life-boat could only get to the wreck by crossing the SBLSET.—The Life-boat Four Sisters pro- Annat Sand Bank, on which a terrific ceeded through a heavy westerly gale to sea was running; and, as it was not consi- the Eaxel, a schooner belonging to Mil- dered possible for her to do that, the ford, which, on the 9th December, was smaller Life-boat, the Roman Governor wrecked neat the Owers Lightship. A of Caer Hun, was taken on its carriage heavy surf raged along the beach, and a along the beach, with the view of launch- long struggle ensued ere the crew of the ing abreast of the stranded ship. The Life-boat reached the stranded vessel and gallant crew of the other boat would not, took from her 5 men, who had been in however, wait for her to be launched, but momentary expectation of perishing since at onee dashed on to and across the Sands, eight o'clock the night before. The Excel where a tremendous sea had to be en- had been dismasted, and then forced countered, and that, too, in the most ashore by the storm. The Life-boat dangerous manner, the boat having her later in the day again pnt off to her, and broadside exposed to it the whole dis- with the assistance of a steam-tug she was tance. She had, however, nearly got suc- taken to Portsmouth. cessfully across, and was in shallower PAKEFIEID.—The No. 1 Life-boat, Sisters, water, when a huge wave curled up and on the 9th December, rescued 2 men from broke over her, completely engulfing her the barge Jane, of Eochester, which was and lifting her into a perpendicular disabled, and landed them in safety. It position, smashing several of the oais, was blowing hard at the time from W. and washing four of the crew overboard. Knowing that, with their cork life-belts WINTEKTON, NORFOLK. — On the 9th on, the four Life-boat men would float, December the Ann Maria, Life-boat was the rest of the crew heroically determined launched from this place, and saved 6 to save the brig's crew, and then pick up men from the Hero, of Scarborough, which their own men. Coming to leeward of the FEBRUARY 1, 1875.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 209

•wreck, they dropped alongside,, breaking in safety, and the four exhausted Life- two of their oars in so doing, and cried boat men were assisted a distance of a to the shipwrecked men to jump. This mile to the Life-boat house, in the room six of them, including the captain and attached to which every preparation in mate, did; but the other three — one the way-of hot water, blankets, &c., had of them a little boy—held back, and, as been provided for their revival. They some time had already elapsed since the were carefully tended by a doctor ; but it men were washed out of the boat, they was nearly an hour before they recovered, for the present abandoned the snip to and it was thought that but for the faci- save them, rightly deeming their own lities thus at hand two at least of the men were by that time in greater peril poor fellows would have succumbed to than those on board the brig. The men the cold and exposure. As it was, one had floated round the weather side of the of the brave fellows, ALEXANDER PATON, vessel, and ropes had been flung to them by unfortunately perished a few days after- those on board the brig, but had not been wards from the effects of the exposure. caught. In coming round tae stern of The Institution expressed its deep sym- the ship, WM. MEAKKS, the coxswain, who pathy with Ms widow, and voted 501. in was one of those in the water, was struck aid of the local fund raised for her relief. on the breast by her rudder, and ren- The Society also granted a silver medal dered almost insensible. Before the six to each of the two coxswains, WILLIAM men were got on board the Life-boat the MEAKNS and WILLIAM MEARNS, jun., four Life-boat men had drifted about 200 in acknowledgment of their long and yards north, and, as their comrades could gallant services in the Life-boats. It only take one of them up at a time, a was truly remarked that the Life-boat considerable time elapsed before they services rendered on tkis occasion were were all saved. The men were thoroughly of the most daring and heroic character, exhausted and benumbed, for they had then and deserving of the highest praise. been about twenty minutes in the -water; The Mincing Lane had scarcely been and, as they could do nothing to assist housed when a schooner was observed themselves, much difficulty was expe- standing right into the harbour; and, as rienced in getting them on board. By this she was in great danger of going ashore, time the Life-boat had drifted some dis- the Life-boat crews were again called out, tance, and, as it was observed from the and, willing as ever, they at once re- shore that all the shipwrecked men had sponded, and launched their boat. It not been taken off, the other Life-boat was, fortunately happened, however, that the with difficulty, launched and pulled to schooner belonged to Montrose, and the the brig, when she saved the remaining master was enabled to bring her safely 3 men. The Life-boats then quickly into harbour without the Life-boat's made for the shore, which was reached assistance.

[In the current number we also publish short notices of the services of the Life-boats of this Institution during the year 1873. In the ensuing number for May we shall give similar notices of all the Life- boat work for the year 1874; and these accounts will be sufficiently full in detail to do away with the necessity for any second account in the following quarterly numbers of the Life-ltoaf Journal. We shall in the August number furnish, accounts of the services to wrecks by Life- boats in the first six months of 1875; and after that all numbers will contain notices only of those Life-boat services which, have been performed in the three months antecedent to each issue of that Journal. It is hoped that by thus presenting accounts of events that have recently tran- spired, and some of which, from having been noticed in the daily journals, will Toe fresh in the public mind, a livelier interest will be felt by our readers generally, and

n 3 210 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBRUARY 1, 1875. especially by our Life-boat crews, who, while the details of their own work are yet fresh in their memories, will have an opportunity of seeing the light in which thein deeds have been viewed by the Institution, and are by it presented to the country.]

HOLYHJEAD.—On the 2nd Jan., 1873, the j taking the men from the bowsprit of the Princess of Wales Life-boat at this station, i ship. in answer to signals of distress, proceeded to the brig Mystic, of Newport, which i GIRVAN, N.B.—At daylight on the 20th she leached shortly before midnight. Oct., signals of distress were observed from Previous efforts had been made by pilots i this station, shown by the schooner Marie to reach her in their own boats, which had Boustead, of Nantes, which, with foremast failed owing to the heavy south-west gale and maintop-masts gone, was riding at which was blowing and the dangerous anchor by one cable only on a rocky position of the Mystic outside the east end i lee shore. A heavy gale was blowing of the Breakwater. The Life-boat having at N.W. The Life-boat Earl of Carriek taken out a pilot, the brig was conveyed was transported four and a half miles into port by a steam-tug. by land and then launched from a* place On the 25th. Jan. this Life-boat pro- called Brest, from whence, after a three- ceeded to the assistance of the schooner hours' struggle with the storm, she reached Catherine, of Amlwch, which was wrecked the disabled vessel, and saved her and her on the Breakwater in a southerly gale, and • crew of 7 men. Again, on the 22nd brought on shore from her 3 persons. Nov., this Life-boat saved the crew of 7 Again, on the night of the 10th Oct., ; men from the wreck of the Unicorn during this Life-boat was instrumental in saving a heavy N.W. gale. the schooner Qoldfinder, of Belfast, which ABBBOATH, N.B.—The Life-boat People's was on the point of beaching on the Journal, No. 2, stationed at this place, was lee side of the Bay in a S.W. gale, by launched on the night of the 18th Jan., signalling to a steam-tug, which, with the at 5.20 P.M., and proceeded, through a assistance of the Life-boat, took the vessel heavy sea and S.W. gale, to the assistance in tow and conveyed her into port. of the schooner James, of Arbroath, CAISTEK, NORFOLK.—At 10.40 P.M. of which had missed the entrance of the the 6th Jan., the Birmingham No. 2 Life- harbour, and then, while endeavouring boat put off, in answer to signals of dis- to wear and stand out to sea again, run tress from the s.s. Druid, of Sunderland, on the rocks to leeward of it. The and conveyed ashore 5 of her crew Life-boat saved 4 persons from the wreck who had been injured by the bursting of the James. This service was per- of her boiler. One poor fellow expired formed promptly and with great credit to before the Life-boat reached the shore. the crew and ALEXANDER GILBERT, the Also, on the 20th Oct., this boat assisted to coxswain of the Life-boat. save the brig Hendon, of Sunderland, and SOUTHWOLD, SUFFOLK.— On Sunday, the her crew of 9 men, which vessel was 19th Jan., the Belle Isle, of Shoreham, was ashore on the Cockle Sand, it blowing • totally lost on the Sizewell Bank during a haid at N.W, strong gale. The Belle Isle having sunk The Life-boat Boys was, on the 8th in deep water, the crew took to their boat, November, successful in rendering assist- • and after drifting about in imminent peril ance to tie schooner Lord Jlowick, of for four hours, unable to approach the Maldon, which, in a heavy sea, was forced shore on account of the continuous line ashore on the Cockle Sand. The Boys ; of heavy surf, were fortunately descried towed this vessel safely into Yarmouth I from the Southwold Life-boat station and about 8 at night, Laving launched early I rescued by the Quiver, No. 2, Life-boat, B. in the afternoon. HERRINGTON coxswain, which was promptly Again, on the 16th Nov., this Life-boat J launched through the surf, and brought saved the crew of 10 men from the barque i safely on shore the master and crew of Fttatore, of Genoa, which was lost on the I 7 persons. Middle Cross Sand, during a gale at N.N.E. This service was one of extreme peril, and ! MILFORD.—On the 25th Jan. the brig the Life-boat was seriously damaged while ! Ercole, of Naples, was descried off St. FEBRUARY 1,1875.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 211 Anne's Head in a distressed and (in the i that vessel till the tide flowed, succeeded, judgment of the crew) hopeless condition ; in conjunction with the steam-tug, in they haying, in consequence of her dis- I getting her afloat, and taking her and abled state, anchored their vessel on a lee ' her crew of 14 men safely into Kamsgate shore close to the rocks of an iron-bound ; Harbour. coast, as their last chance of prolonging j On the 2nd February, in answer to the their lives. This was at nightfall, a heavy usual signals of distress, the same Life- swell running and a storm threatening. boat proceeded in tow of the Aid, at about As soon as the Ercole was discovered the 9 P.M. The night was very dark and Life-boat Katharine proceeded to her as- stormy, with a fresh breeze at S.E., and sistance and reached her about 8 PM., and showers of sleet. The Aid towed the after placing on board her some of the • Life-boat through the Cudd channel Life-boat crew the anchor was weighed, ! against a heavy head sea, both steamer and about one hour after midnight they j and Life-boat shipping quantities of water. succeeded in anchoring her safely in Mil- \ About 11 P.M., the position of the wreck ford Haven ; thus saying ship, cargo, and i having been made out, the Life-boat was 11 lives. i slipped from the steamer, and making sail, reached and anchored close to the spot, BUDDON NEBS AND BBOUGHTI but had to weigh and return to the DUHDEE. — About 4 A..M. on the 26th Jan., steamer, and be towed to a fresh position, at which time it was blowing a gale from from which she again ran down to the S.E., a pilot cutter discovered the wreck wreck, and veered close to her. Three of the three-masted schooner No. 4, of j tremendous seas in succession then swept Arundel, on the Abertay Sands ; she there- \ into the boat, carrying therefrom a man upon bore up to communicate with the j named WILLIAM WHITE, who was never Buddon Ness Life-boat station, and as- I afterwards seen, notwithstanding that sisted to man and tow the Life-boat ! the Life-boat immediately cut her cable, Eleanora, to a suitable position for board- and spent the remainder of the night ing the wreck. The falling tide, however, in using every effort to recover him, had left too little water on the bank not returning to harbour till 10.30 A.M. between the Life- boat and the wreck to on the day following, when every vestige enable her to gain it, aotwithstanding of hope had fled. During the night the repeated efforts; and finally the wreck Walmer and Kingsdowne Life-boats also broke up without her doing so. The put off to the wreck, and with the assist- Eleanora was then enabled to save 3 of ance of the "Walmer Life-boat the Aid, the crew who had clung to a piece of the after daylight, got the vessel, the Norwe- wreck, and 3 more were saved by their gian barque Sarpsborg, off the sands, and own boat. she was ultimately taken into port. At the same time that the Eleanora was On the 16th September, this Life-boat employed as above, the Life-boat Mary again proceeded in tow of the harbour Hartley^ from Broughty Ferry, was also steamer to the barque Amazon, of Gothen- making persistent efforts to render assist- burg, then a total wreck on the Goodwin ance, but without success. Sands, and saved from her the master, HOBNSEA, YORKSHIRE. — A Successful his wife, and 11 men. There was at the service was performed by the Life-boat time a fresh breeze at W.S.W., with con- B. Wood, of this station, on the 26th siderable sea on. January, on which occasion 15 men were On the 22ad Oct., in consequence of a saved from the barque Milton Lockhart, of telegram from Broadstairs, this invaluable North Shields. It was blowing fresh with boat proceeded in tow of the harbour a heavy sea at the time of the service. steamer to the Kentish Knock Lightship, twenty-six miles from Bamsgate, which was KAMSGATE. — On the 27th January, reached an hour before midnight. Hailing during a fresh breeze at S.S.E., in obedience the Lightship, she learned the bearings of a to signals observed from the North wreck on the Kentish Knock Sand, and at Sand Head and Gull Lightships, the Life- daybreak made out the barque Scott, of Surt- boat Bradford, in tow of the steam-tug derland, which was nearly on her beam-ends Aid, proceeded to the baique Ystroom, of and half sunk. The crew were in the main- Amsterdam, then ashore on. the east side top, where they had been for twenty-six of the Goodwin Sands, and, remaining by hours exposed to the full fury of the storm. o 4 212 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBBTJABY 1, 1875. The Life-boat, having anchored, veered wegian schooner Seventeenth of May, from down to the -wreck, and the crew, climbing which she was successful in saving 7 men. out on the bowsprit, dropped one by one into the Life-boat, whence they were CAHOKE, IRELAND.—On the 4th Feb. conveyed to the steam-tug, which, with the Cahore Life-boat Sir George Bowles, in the boat in tow, and the rescued seamen, answer to signals of distress shown from regained Bamsgate about 11 A.M., after' the barque Edwin Basset, of Sunderland, a seventeen-hours' absence. proceeded through a heavy sea and strong breeze to that vessel, from which, she DBOGHEDA, IRELAND.—On the 28th Jan. brought safely on shore 2 men, bringing the schooner James, of Carnarvon, was at the same time a despatch from the wrecked near the bar of Drogheda Harbour, Trinity lightship Blo.ckwa.ter. in a S.E. gale. The two Drogheda Life- boats launched to her assistance, and 1 man PBNZANCE.—On the 26th Jan., when was rescued by the South boat, the John the Norwegian brig Otto, of Moss, was Ruttfr Charley, and the remainder (3) by driven ashore at Eastern Green, in. Pen- the North boat, the Old George Irlam, of zance Bay, the Life-boat launched out Liverpool. during a heavy southerly gale oLwind On the 2nd Feb. the Life-boat on the and in a high sea, and succeeded in saving south side, or at Mornington, was trans- from destruction the whole of the crew of ported by land to Bettystown Strand, and 8 men. launched therefrom to the assistance of Again, on the 2nd Feb., the same boat the schooner Wilson, of Whitehaven, which performed, if possible, still more meri- was wrecked off there during a strong torious service, in saving a crew of 4 men wind from the eastward. The John Suffer from the wreck of the Marie Emilie, of Charley saved 5 lives on this occasion, under St. Louis. The seas were rolling clean the personal direction of Captain D. RO- over this wreck when the Life-boat was BERTSON, E.N., Assistant Inspector of Life- going out, and the sea and wind were so boats, who went out in the Life-boat, and heavy that she was twice driven back. received the marked commendation of the An additional peril was the position of Institution. the wreck among the rocks, which added much to the dangers encountered by the GBEAT YARMOUTH.—The Duff Life-boat, Life-boat's crew; but, notwithstanding stationed at this port, was launched, that they had seven of their oars broken, through a heavy surf, to the assistance by persevering with the spare set of oars, of the Eussian schooner Maria Nathalin, on the third attempt they succeeded in on the 2nd Feb., about noon, at which effecting the rescue. time there was a heavy snowstorm, with The silver medal of the Institution was the gale E.S.E. The Duff succeeded in voted to Captain HOWOBTH, E.TS., and NI- rescuing 9 men from the wreck. CHOLAS B. DOWNING, Esq., and the Second Service Clasp to Mr. W. BLACKMOBB for FOWEY, CORNWALL. — The Life-boat their services on these occasions. Rochdale, in answer to signals of distress The Norwegian Government, by a royal shown from the schooner Hawk, of Chep- resolution, afterwards decreed to the same stow, was, with considerable difficulty and persons the silver medal for civic deeds persistent efforts, launched to her assist- (Borgerdaad). ance on the morning of Sunday, the 2nd Feb., and having succeeded in boarding ST. IVES, COBNWALL.—On the 2nd Feb. her, carried her safely into port. This this Life-boat, the Covent Garden, was Life-boat subsequently proceeded to an- launched five times, with a succession of other vessel in danger; but a change of fresh crews, and ultimately succeeded in wind enabled that distressed ship to reach saving 13 lives from the schooners Ram- a safe anchorage, and the Rochdale's ser- Wer, of Wexford, and Mary Ann, of Ply- vices were not required. Both these ser- mouth, and the brig Francis, of Poitb.ca%l, vices were of an arduous nature. during a strong gale at E.N.E. accompanied by a heavy sea. The first time the Life-boat SEATON CAREW, DURHAM.—On the 3rd was launched she was driven on shore Feb., during an easterly gale, the Job at Purthminster, and the second crew at Uindley Life-boat on this station was once volunteered to take the places of launched on observing the wreck of the Nor- those exhausted in the first effort. This FEBBUABY 1, 1875.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 213 second crew succeeded in saving 5 men S.E. gale and snowstorm, to the assistance from the Mary Ann, and 1 man -who had . of the Norwegian screw steamer Woodham. been washed overboard from the Rambler. < The Life-boat was transported during the A third crew manned the boat on her j darkness and launched at 6.45 A.M., and regaining the shore, and saved 1 man was successful in saving the lives of from the Rambler. The fourth crew made j 20 persons. The captain and mate having a determined but unsuccessful effort to j declined to abandon the wreck the first reach the Francis. The fifth crew reached time the Life-boat went off, she had to the Francis and saved from her 6 men. j make a second trip later in the day to Two of the Rambler's crew were drowned j save them, tinder very dangerous circum- before the Life-boat reached her. The 1 stances and in terribly severe weather. silver medal of the Institution was , The Institution voted its silver medal to voted to Mr. CHAELES MABTIN, chief j JAMES BUCKETT the coxswain, in recogni- officer of H.M. Coastguard, and to Mr. j tion of this and other services. JAMES MUBPHY, of St. Ives, for their On the 4th March the Rescue was gallant services, and the thanks of the launched through a heavy surf to the Institution, inscribed on vellum, were assistance of a ship's boat belonging to given to Captain T. B. HABBY and the steamer Quail, of Cork, wrecked at the T. B. WILLIAMS, jun., Esq., for their back of the Isle of Wight, and succeeded in valuable co-operation on these occasions. bringing safely on shore the master, mate, and 5 others of the wrecked vessel's crew. SCARBOROUGH. — The Lady Leigh Life- boat of this station saved 6 men from a Ashing coble in great danger off this BUDE, COBNWALL.—On the 6th March Port on the 8th Feb. the Life-boat Elizabeth Moore Garden was successful in saving 3 men from the ABERSOCH, NOBTH WALES. —Durin g a Dutch galliot Anna, dazma, wrecked near southerly gale on the 25th Feb., the sloop the entrance to the harbour. The seas Prosperity, of Portmadoc, sank off Aber- were making a clean breach over this sooh, but the mast remaining above water, vessel when boarded by the Life-boat, and the crew found refuge on it till towards the service was a highly meritorious one. daybreak. After being four hours in their fearful position, their shouts were heard CABDIGAN.—In heavy weather the Life- by the men of Abersoch, who, rushing j boat John Stuart was launched from this from their beds, launched the Life-boat I station on the 7th March, and succeeded Mabel Louisa, and rescued them all. in saving 7 men from the Hanoverian schooner Dollart. BAY, ANGLESEA. — On the 3rd J. On the 20th Oct. this boat was March the Bull Bay Life-boat Eleanor j launched at 5.30 A.M., and saved the crew succeeded in saving 2 sailors, who had j of the sloop Peggy, of Cardigan, which, been driven out to sea in their boat, and in a strong N.N.W. gale, was riding at could liot regain the shore. anchor in the breakers of Cardigan Bar LIZARD, COBNWALL. — The Anna Maria and burning distress signals. Owing to Life-boat found her way in a dense fog the distance of the crew from the station to the barque Fomahault, of Griefswald, only 8 of them could be got together, and which was anchored in a dangerous with this number the John Stuart per- position under Pentrait Cliff, on the formed the service, after three hours' hard 4th March, and, notwithstanding the high work, under the charge of Mr. JrsfKS, of surf, got within reach of her and took off H,M. Coastguard, who volunteered for the the crew of 11 persons. Later in the day duty of coxswain, the coxswain taking an the Anna Maria returned to the Foma- oar. A farmer, who rode some distance hault, in company with the Cadgwith during the night with the intelligence of Life-boat and a shore boat, and carried the wreck to the coastguard station, took her into Penzance. another oar. For this and another gallant service on. the 13th Sept., in a coastguard BRIGHSTONE GRANGE, ISLE OF WIGHT. — galley, the Institution presented Mr. JINKS On the 1st Feb. the Resent, the Life-boat with its silver medal. of this station, was transported by land to Chilton Chine, and launched in a heavy LOWESTOPT.—On the 18th March the 214 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBRUARY 1,1875.

Life-boat Lcetitia saved the crew of the wrecked on the north tail of Bideford schooner Celine, which -was wrecked on Bar. When, as on this occasion, there IB the Holm Sand in a strong N.B. gale. a ground swell on, the seas on the sands The master having refused to abandon his of Bideford Bay are tremendous, and the vessel, the Life-boat had to return to the tide generally running across the set of shore without him. Later in the day, the waves, the utmost caution is neces- however, the master having abandoned sary from the moment the Life-boat is all hope, it became necessary to make an launched until her return, while the ac- effort to save him; the then state of ' tual process of boarding a wreck is peril- the tide prevented the use of the Lcetitia, | ous in the extreme; and this holds good but the Lowestoft No. 2 Life-boat, the j in weather very far short of gales of George, went off and landed him safely. wind, and when ships outside the Jine of breakers are making fine weather of it. MABGATE.—On the 18th March, at 10.30 On the 4th April, however, it was any- P.M., in answer to signals of distress from thing but fine weather, and the night was the Tongue Lightship, the Life-boat Qui- dark and tempestuous. Nevertheless, the ver, No. I, after beiag transported for two ! Hope eventually succeeded in saving the miles by land, was launched, it blowing crews of the three vessels and entered heavily at the time from N.E. She suc- I Bideford Harbour in safety, with them, ceeded in reaching the light-vessel, from I about 10.30 P.M., after a most successful •which she brought on shore 7 men, part of 1 and highly meritorious night's work. On the crew of the brig Demetrius, of Sunder- the 24th Dee. this boat was again launched land; and, hearing- of another vessel being 1 to the assistance of the brigantine Spec, on the sands, endeavoured to reach her, from which she saved 7 men. The Spec but, the tide changing, -was unable to do was wrecked on the Northam Sands, and so. The Life-boat had twice to cross the it was blowing hard from the west. sands, and was out the whole night, not j LYTHAM.—The Life-boat WakefiM ren- regaining the shore till nearly 8 A.M. ! dered good service to the schooner Cale- On the 20th March the same boat pro- l donia, of Preston, on the 27th April by ceeded out to the Noordster, a Norwegian ; remaining by that vessel till out of danger, barque, at about midnight: it blowing i the Caledonia having gone ashore on the hard at the time, with squalls of snow Horse Bank, and striking heavily till she and hail. A prior attempt to board the i beat over it with the rising tide, Noordster in White's Life-boat had failed, i Again, on the 29th April, the Wakefield and the men who manned her were forced \ saved 6 men from the lugger Emmanuel, to come back on discovering that the which was lost on the same bank during a wreck was on the outside of the sands , fresh gale at N.W. instead of in the Boads, as at first sup- posed. The Life-boat was successful in 1 GBEYSTONES, Co. DUBLIN.—On the 17th boarding the wreck at about 3.30 A.M., May the Life-boat Sarah, Tancred ren- and landed at 7 A.M. with all hands, con- dered valuable assistance to the yacht sisting of the master, his wife, 2 children, Nicomi, of Dalkey, which was in great dis- and the crew of 8 men. tress off Bray Head in a fresh gale at E.N.E. AHEXOW, Co. WIOKLOW.—On the 2nd POKTHOCBTOOK, CoBSWALL. On the j May the Out-Pensioner Life-boat was 27th March the Mary Ann Story, the launched from this station during a Life-boat stationed here, rendered im- fresh breeze at W.N.W., and rendered portant services to the Danish brig Alex- j important assistance to the Hilda, of Hun- ander when that vessel was in a distressed j corn, which had gone on shore at Mizen state near the Manacles Bocks on the Head. Cornish coast. DUNDALK, IRELAND.—The Stockport Sun- APPLEDORE, DEVON.—About 7 P.M. on day Schools Life-boat was called out on the 4th April the Life-boat Hope was the 3rd July, on the barque Princess of launched from this station during a strong Wales, of Glasgow, going ashore about a breeze at W.N.W., and proceeded to the mile south-east of Dundalk Lighthouse, assistance of the schooners Express, Annie and was enabled to bring the vessel's Brooks, and Mary Ann, which were crew of 16 men safely to land. 1, 1875.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 215

ABEHBOVEY, WALES. — The Life-boat Life-boat Cheltenham was launched from Royal Berkshire was launched from this sta- this station to the assistance of the tion on the 4th Aug., •when, it was blowing schooner Hwhard and Emily, of High- fresh at W.S.W., and assisted to save the bridge, which was in distress seven miles smack Snowdrop, of Aberystwyth, stranded from Burnham. The Life-boat crew as- on the North Bank, Aberdovey. sisted to bring this vessel into port. NEW BRIGHTON. — On the 10th Aug. the NORTH DEAI, AND WALMEK.—On the tubular Life-boat Willie and Arthur, in a 17th Sept. the Life-boat Van Kook res- strong wind and heavy sea, saved 10 men cued 5 men, who, having been engaged from the ship Dunmail, of Liverpool, I in saving wreckage from the Amazon, which was wrecked on the Bar of the ' of Gothenburg, lost on the Goodwin Mersey. Sands on the previous day, were placed in a position of extreme peril by the SWANSEA. — On the 28th August the increase of the gale. On the 10th Oct. Life-boat Wolverhampton was launched to ! this boat, in conjunction with the Walmer the assistance of the Prussian barque j boat, saved the Danish barque Louisa,, Triton, wrecked in Swansea Bay, and was which had been driven ashore on the successful in saving one man, who had j North Sand during a W.S.W. gale. clung to the foretop. Two of the Triton's j Again, on the 28th December, the Van crew, however, perished, and the re- j Rook saved 8 lives from the brig Remem- mainder were saved by lines thrown from brance, of Whitby, which vessel was totally two steam-tugs, with the exception of one lost on the Goodwin Sands. Great risk boy, who was picked up while drifting was encountered both in getting alongside past a ship at anchor. and landing, and the boat received some WEXFORD. — On the night of the 24th damage during the operation of embarking the crew. August the Life-boat Civil Service ren- dered a most gallant service to the crew CCLLEECQATS, NORTHUMBERLAND. On of the schooner Rambler, of Wexford. the 19th Sept. at 2 A.M. the Palmerston The Life-boat, on account of the tre- was launched, on information reaching mendous seas, was quite unable to get this station of a wreck on the Brierdean within reach of the wreck, and anchored Kocfcs; and m a heavy sea and very near until about three o'clock in the dark night the rescue of the 12 persons morning, when she contrived to get on board the wrecked vessel, the screw- j within reach, and, though seas swept steamer Lizzie, of London, was achieved. completely over wreck and boat, saved j the crew of 3 men, returning to her j BLACKPOOL.—The Robert William Life- station after a nine-hours' absence. The boat went out in a heavy N.W. gale on the 20th October, and rescued the Institution specially recognised the ser- crew of the sloop Leven, of Euncorn, vices of Mr. W. H. TAYLOK, of ELM. Custom^, on this occasion. totally lost off the port. The sea was breaking heavily over the wreck when the On the 5th Sept. this Life-boat again put off in a gale of wind, and rescued 5 men Life-boat reached her. and a pilot from the wreck of the schooner BAMSEY, ISLE OF MAN,—The Life-boat Gem, totally lost on the Dogger Bank. Two Sisters proceeded from this port on the 22nd October, and saved the crew of PEEL, LANCASHIRE. — On the 10th Sept. the schooner Mary, of Laxey, during the Life-boat Commercial -Traveller, No. 1, a strong gale from N.N.W. and a heavy during a heavy gale at S.W., and after- sea; the service was promptly rendered wards at N.W., rendered such important in a manner highly creditable to all assistance to the barque Forttma, of Goth- concerned. enberg, as enabled that vessel, then ashore in Morecambe Bay, to escape total de- SOLVA, ^PEMBROKESHIRE.—On the 22nd struction, thereby contributing to the October the Life-boat Charles and Mar- preservation, of ship, cargo, and crew of garet Eyerton went out from this station 16 men. in a moderate N.W. gale, and rescued the crew of 4: men from the schooner Sarah, , SOMERSET. — It was blowing of Strangford, which was totally wrecked. hard at N.W. on the 15th Sept. when the The Life-boat did not regain the shore till 216 THE LIFE-BOAT. 1,1875.

4 A.M. on the 23rd October, having been out I off the port in a sinking state, with a since 5 VM. on the previous night. : signal of distress flying, on the 16th Dee., } a gale blowing at the time and a heavy LOSSBMOITTH, N.B.—The schooner Lord | sea running; and by their assistance she Eeidnaven, of Banff, was "wrecked on j was carried safely into port. the 1st November during a N.W. gale, and the Life-boat Bristol and Clifton THUBSO, N.B.—The Life-boat Charley promptly launched to her assistance, and Lloyd, in answer to a signal of distress rescued the crew of 3 persons. shown from the schooner Dalkeith, of SKEGHESS, LINCOLNSHIRE.—On the 10th Stornoway, went off at 5 A.M. on the 16th November, during a gale at E., the Life- Dec. The Dalkeith was anchored in Serab- boat Herbert Ingram assisted to save the ster Roads, but the violence of the wind brig Franfoise Marie, of Caen, and the had caused her to drag her anchors, and barque Die Sehwalbe, of Rostock, both of the crew of 4 men, availing themselves of which vessels were in. a greatly distressed the Life-boat, abandoned the ship and condition off Skegness. were conveyed on shore. PAKEFIELD, SUFFOLK.—The No. 1 Life- WALMEB.—On the 22nd Dec. the Life- boat, the Sisters, on this station, assisted boat Centurion, in answer to signals of dis- a steam-tug to convey the schooner Levant, tress from the Gull Lightship, launched, of Brixham, into port on the llth No- through a heavy surf, to the assistance vember. It was blowing hard from E.S.E., i of the brig Flossie, of Guernsey, ashore when the Levant struck and ultimately was ! on the Goodwin Sands. The Centurion driven over the Newcome Sands. The < remained by the Flossie till the tide flowed, Life-boat's crew boarded her in that i and then, with the assistance of a steam- position, and helped to keep her afloat j tug, conveyed her safely into port. A while the steamer towed her into Lowes- strong westerly breeze prevailed at tie toft. time. WKSKLOW.—On the 21st Nov. the Life- boat S. T. Garden, of this station, saved 2 men, who, in their skiff, were being driven by the force of the wind among the THE WB.ECK BEGISTEE AND CHAET breakers, where they would certainly have FOE THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OF been lost but for the timely arrival of the 1873. Life-boat. FOE many years past we have made a ABDBOSSAN, N.B.—On the night of the synopsis of the Home Wreck Eegister 25th Nov., in reply to signals of distress and Chart of the preceding twelve months, shown from the Torrance, of Irvine, the and we propose to follow, on the present Life-boat Fair Maid of Perth went out j occasion, the same course in reference to from this port and, with great difficulty, I the important and national document rescued the crew of 6 men. This vessel : which has recently been published. had been in tow of a steam-tug, but the The materials from which the Home hawser having parted, she went ashore on Wreck Eegister has been compiled have the Longcraig Eocks. The night was dark, j been furnished, as heretofore, by officers and blowing hard at iS. with a considerable of the Coast Guard and other responsible sea on. agents on the coast, and they have been thoroughly sifted and systematized by the DTOGA.BVAS, IEM.AKD.—On the 29th BOARD OF TBADE. Nov. the Life-boat Christopher L-udlow, of this station, rescued 6 men from the fish- The Eegister is divided into two de- ing hooker Littte Queen, of Dungarvan, partments—Home and Foreign: but we which had lost her mast and was leaking. propose, at present, to deal only with There was a heavy cross-sea and a S.W. that which refers to the wrecks that gale at the time. have taken place on the coasts and in the seas of the British Isles during the SOUTHWOLD. — The Life-boat London t first six months of last year. Coal Exchange assisted to save the Prus- ' These embrace the cases which happen sian schooner David, which was observed in waters within ten miles from tie FEBRUARY 1,1875.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 217

shores of the United Kingdom; in waters of the United Kingdom reported since within any bays or estuaries; in waters 1853, divided into four periods of five around any outlying sand-banks which years:—1853, 832; 1854, 987; 1855, are dry at low water; in the seas between 1,141; 1856, 1,153; 1857, 1,143. An- 1 Great Britain and Ireland; and between nual average for five years, 1,051. 1858, the Orkney and Shetland and Western 1,170; 1859, 1,416 ; 1860,1,379 ; 1861, Islands and the mainland of Scotland. 1,494; 1862, 1,488; average, 1,389. It appears that it has been found de- 1863, 1,664; 1864,1,390; 1865,1,656; sirable to make up the tables of the 1866,1,860; 1867, 2,090; average, 1,732. Wreck Statistics from the 1st July to 1868,1,747; 1869,2,114; 1870, 1,502; the 30th. June, instead of, as formerly, 1871, 1,575; 1872, 1,958; average, from the 1st Jan. to the 31st Dec. This 1,779. change will bring together, in one publica- Of course the particular number of tion, all wrecks, collisions, and casualties wrecks, casualties, and collisions reported that happen during one winter, and be pre- for any one year is increased or diminished sented to Parliament at an earlier period. according to the prevalence or absence of In order to make this change it was gales of remarkable violence and duration, found necessary at first to publish a like those which took place in November, return for six months only, and our com- and almost every day in December last. ments will therefore only relate to the The heavy gales that have occurred on first six months of the year 1873; the our coasts from 1859—when the Royal remainder of the year 1873, with the Charter and 342 other ships were wrecked first half of 1874, will form the subject in the October great storm of that year— of the next Wreck Eegister. to the end of 1872, are recorded with It should be clearly understood that ' great accuracy and precision in the Wreck the wrecks and casualties treated of in ' Eegister for 1873. the various tables contained in the Eegister j The gales which did most damage to do not mean total losses only, but include shipping on our coasts during the first accidents and damage of all kinds to ships ' six months of 1873 were as follows:—• at sea, of which only a small proportion Jan. 1st to 3rd, from S. to S.W., felt on are attended with loss of life. Thus, of all our coasts. Jan. 18th, a sudden gale the 967 wrecks, casualties, and collisions from S. in the N. and E., westerly in the on the coasts of the United Kingdom, ' W. Jan. 25th, from S., felt on S. and W. only 256 cases involved total loss, and ; coasts. Feb. 1st to 3rd, from E. to S.E., there was loss of life from only 98, or ! the gale being felt principally on the "W. about 1 in 10, of the vessels thus lost ; and S.W. coasts of England. This was or damaged. I the most serious storm of the half-year, In comparing the casualties recorded ; and 99 wrecks and casualties occurred in the later years with those of earlier ! during its continuance. A gale from E., years, it should be borne ia mind that, experienced on the S. and S.W. coasts, in consequence of the steps taken for the took place on the 15th of March, but was purpose, the casualties have constantly attended with much less serious conse- been more and more accurately and cer- quences to shipping. tainly reported to the BOAED or TRADE ; The number of ships lost or damaged and in the returns of later years are in the 967 wrecks, casualties, and col- included many casualties which would, | lisions reported as having occurred on •under the arrangements of former years, and near the coasts of the United King- no doubt have been omitted. dom during the first six months of 1873, The number of wrecks, casualties, and was 1,206, representing a registered ton- collisions from all causes on and near the nage of upwards of 335,154 tons. The coasts of the United Kingdom, and in number of ships for that period is greater the surrounding seas, reported during than the number for the corresponding the first six months of the year 1873 period of 1872 by 311. The number of is 967, being 246 more than the number ships reported is in excess of the number reported for the corresponding period in of casualties reported, because in cases of the year 1872. collision two or more ships are involved The following list shows the annual \ in one casualty. Of the 1,206 ships, 936 average number of wrecks on the coasts are known to have been ships belonging 218 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBKUAUY 1,1875. to Great Britain and its dependencies, are classed in the several returns as with. British certificates of registry; and having been caused by stress of weather; 225 are known to haye been ships belong- 39 appear from the Eeports made by the ing to Foreign countries and States. Of officers on the coasts to have been caused the remaining 45 sMps, the country and by inattention, carelessness, or neglect; employment are unknown. Of the British 18 arose from defects in the ship or in registered ships, 615 vrere employed in her equipments, and of these 18,7 appear the British coasting trade; and 321 were to have foundered from unseaworthiness, employed in the (over sea) Foreign and and the remainder appear to have arisen Home trade. Of the ships belonging to from various causes. Foreign countries and States, 21 em- Of the 522 casualties, -i.e. cases of ployed in the British coasting trade met partial damage from causes other than with casualties. collisions, on and near the coasts of the Of the total number of -wrecks, &c. United Kingdom, it appears that 241 (967), reported as having occurred on happened when the wind was, as repotted, and ^near the coasts of the United King- at force 9 or upwards (a strong gale); dom during the first six months of 1873, 100 arose from carelessness; 43 from 233 were collisions, and 734 were wrecks defects in the ship or her equipments; and casualties other than collisions. Of and the remainder appear to have arisen these 734 wrecks, standings, and casual- from various other causes. ties other than collisions, 212 were The total number of ships which, ac- •wrecks, &c., resulting in total loss, and cording to the facts reported, appear to 522 were casualties resulting in partial have foundered or to have been otherwise damage more or less serious. The whole totally lost on and near the coasts of the number of wrecks and casualties other United Kingdom from defects in the ships than collisions on and near our coasts or their equipments during the year reported during the first six months of 1872-3 is 52 ; and the number of casu- 1872 was 551, or 183 less than the alties arising from the same causes during number of wrecks, strandings and casual- the same year, and resulting in partial ties, other than collisions, reported during damage, was 133. the corresponding period of 1873. In 1872-3 there were on and near the The site of each one of these casualties United Kingdom 100 wrecks and casu- is clearly defined as usual on the accom- alties to smacks and other fishing vessels. panying Wreck Chart, which also denotes Excluding these 100 fishing vessels, the the positions of the Life-boat Stations of number of vessels employed in the regular the Institution. It represents the wrecks carrying trade that have suffered from on our coasts for the eighteen months wreck or casualty here during the year is ending the 30th June, 1873. The casu- 2,592. The life lost during the first six alties which occurred in. 1872 are marked months of 1873 in the various classes is in the Chart in Hack ink, while those for as follows:—In fishing smacks, 17; in the first six months of 1873 are marked vessels of the collier class, 233; and in in red ink. Had space allowed, we could other ships, 478. geographically trace the Chart. In the nine and a half years which The annual average of casualties for ended June, 1873, disasters on and near the seventeen years ended December, 1872, the coasts of the United Kingdom to is—for wrecks other than collisions result- comparatively new ships bear a very high ing in total losses, 4.72 ; and for casualties proportion to the whole number; and resulting in. partial damage, 748. As during the first six months of the year against this the numbers for the half-year 1873, 94 wrecks and casualties happened January to June, 1873, are for total to nearly new ships, and 209 to ships losses, 212, and for partial damage, 522. from three to seven years of age. Then Of the 212 total losses from causes there are wrecks and casualties to 263 other than collisions, on and near the ships from 7 to 14 years old, and to 333 coasts of the "United Kingdom during the from 15 to 30 years old. Then follow first six months of 1873, we find that 179 old ships from 30 to 50 years old. 59 happened when, the wina was, as Having passed the service of half a century, appeared from the Wreck Eeports, at we come to the very old ships, viz., 19 force 9 or upwards (a strong gale), and between 50 and 60 years old, I'd from 60 1, 1875.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 219 to 70, 8 from 70 to 80, 2 from 80 to 90, ought to be well able to hold her course ; and 2 upwards of 100. The ages of 84 and 688 with the wind at and above a are unknown. strong gale. Of the 1,206 vessels lost or damaged As regards casualties in rivers and on and near the coasts of the United I harbours of the United Kingdom during Kingdom during the first six months of the first six months of the year (1873), 1873^ 60 were rigged as ships, 169 were they amounted altogether to 152; of steamships, 310 schooners, 146 brigs, 185 which 16 were total losses; collisions, barques, 123 brigantines, and 62 smacks; j 79 ; founderings, 6; strandings, 52; and the remainder were small vessels rigged miscellaneous, 15; total, 152. But as in various ways. Of the 1,206 vessels ! Eeceivers of Wreak and other officers referred to, 473 did not exceed 100 tons j on the coast are not empowered by the burden, 383 were from 100 to 300 tons, I Merchant Shipping Act to report such 211 were from 300 to 600 tons, and 139 1 casualties, 'the number must necessarily only were above 600 tons burden. j be imperfect. Of the 169 steamships, 142 were built J As respects collisions off the coasts in of iron: and of the 1,037 sailing vessels, 1 the same period, 8 of the 233 collisions 25 were built of iron. | off our shores were between two steam- The parts of the coasts on which the ships, both under weigh, and 10 of the wrecks and casualties on and near the 79 in harbours and rivers were also be- coasts of the United Kingdom happened tween two steamships, both under weigh. during the year 1872-3 are as follows—• "We have thus catalogued an enormous it •will be seen that, as usual, the greatest amount of the loss of property on the number occurred on the East Coast:—East i coasts and in the seas of the British Isles Coast, 988; South Coast, 325; West > iii the course of one short period of six Coast, 616; N. and W. Coast of Scotland, ] months—probably its lowest estimated 41; Irish Coast, 184; Isle of Man, 25; j value, including ships and cargoes, was Lundy Island, 10; and Scilly Isles, 15. not far short of two millions sterling. t The winds appear from the Wreck But the awful loss of human life in Eeports to have been destructive to ship- that brief period is fearful to contemplate, ping in 1872-3 in the proportions follow- and on which no money value can, of ing:—N., 75; N.N.E., 98; N.E., 135; ! course, be placed. The Wreck Register E.N.E., 64; E., 88; E.S.E., 67; S.E., 133; | tells us in plain language that it amounted S.S.E., 96; S., 122; S.S.W., 183; S.W., to 728, being actually 138 in excess of 281; W.S.W., 162; W., 117 ; W.N.W., 99; the number lost in the whole year 1872. N.W., 106 ; and N.N.W., 51; total, 1,877. i However, it is only fair to state that It wiJl thus be seen that westerly i 119 of these lives were lost ia wrecks winds are far more destructive than j or casaalties which, although they hap- easterly winds — the most destructive 1 pened before 1873, are included in these being from south-west. It should, how- i returns, the reports having been received ever, be -remembered that westerly winds ; too Jate for them to form part of the sta- are far more common than easterly winds. tistics of their respective years; the 119 It appears that in 1872-3, 1,019 ship- lives thus lost, and the 293 lost through ping disasters happened when the wind the sinking of the ship Norlhfleet, will ac- •was at force 6 or under, that is to say, count for the enormous increase in the when the force of the wind did Dot exceed loss of life in so short a period. ft strong breeze, in which, the ship could The lives lost during the first six months carry single reefs and top-gallant sails; of 1873 were lost in 98 ships; 78 of that 437 happened with the wind at them were laden vessels, 11 were vessels forces 7 and 8, or a moderate to fresh. in ballast, and in nine cases it is not gale, •when a ship, if properly found, known whether the vessels were laden or manned, and navigated, can keep the sea light. Eighty-two of these ships were <»ith safety; and 688 occurred with the entirely lost, and 16 sustained partial *ind at force 9 and upwards, that is to ! damage. Of the 728 lives lost, 81 were fay, from a strong gale to a hurricane. \ lost in vessels that foundered, 346 through in other words, 1,019 happened when the | vessels in collision, and 122 in vessels «(rJDd was such that a ship could carry j stranded or cast ashore. The remaining sber top-gallant sails; 437 when a ship number of lives lost (179) were lost from Je accompany tfvv Life- Scat Journali.

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SHOTTING ALSO THE PRJE SENT LIFE BOAT STATIONS OF THE BOYAL NATIONAL LIFE BOAT INSTJTUTTO^.

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SHOTTING ALSO THE PRJE SENT LIFE BOAT STATIONS OF THE BOYAL NATIONAL LIFE BOAT INSTJTUTTO^.

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various causes, such as through being INSTITUTION, ~worbiag through tie •washed overboard in heavy seas, explo- means of those gallant crews and boats sions, and in missing vessels. •which exhibit, in combination, all that It appears that, whilst the greatest skill, talent, experience, and modern in- number of wrecks, &c., happened on the vention can devise, that society has been East Coast, the greatest loss of life during instrumental in saying 22,900 lives from the nine and half years ended June, 1873, Shipwreck. May its glorious warfare be occurred in the Irish Sea. continued with ever-increasiog efficiency, It is, however, satisfactory to tarn from and more marked success, as each re- this dismal record of lives lost to the volving year brings it greater experience lives saved by Life-boats, Shore-boats, and more universal sympathy. the Eoeket Apparatus, and other means —wielded as these means are by strong 1 arms and stronger hearts. We accordingly find that, during the THE LIFE-BOAT STATIONS OF THE first six months of 1873, the number of UNITED KINGDOM. lives saved from the 1,206 ships that met with caualties on our shores -was 2,301. III.—SWANSEA. For the purpose of saving life from The Wolverhamptm Life-boat. Shipwreck there were in 1873 on the THE next Life-T)oat Station on the south coast of coasts of the United Kingdom 263 Life- Wales, in rotation after Penarth and PorthcawJ, of which we gave an account in our last number boats ; of these 233 belonged to the NA- (November 2nd, 1874), is Swansea. TIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, every one The Swansea Life-boat house is built under of which had been presented to it by some Mumbles Head, which is the cape -which, run- ning out into the sea, forms the western side of benefactor or another, and every one of j Swansea Bay. It affords an admirable shelter which is maintained by the voluntary ! from the S.W. gales to ships which anchor under support of the public. On that support j its lee, and more or less breaks tbe force of wind and sea from every southerly point of tbe the Institution absolutely relies, and on compass. The boat-house is built at the base that support its existence and perpetuity of precipitous cliffs on ground quarried out for it, are dependent. In addition to these 263 and from its weatherly position in the prevailing gales the boat is able to operate on the whole' Life-boats, there are on the coasts 286 expanse of Swansea Bay, unless the gale should sets of Eocket and Mortar Apparatus be from the south-east, when there would be provided by the BOAKD os TBABE out of difficulty in working to the eastward -without a steam-tug. dues levied on the shipping interest. There is a little rocky islet off the extremity All the Coastguard stations ate also of Mumbles Head, on which is a light-bouse and supplied with Life-belts and Life-lines, fort. Half a mile to the south of this ia the Mixen Shoal, on which is only six feet of water, and there are between 100 and 200 Life and on which a very dangerous sea breaks; it is, Brigades on the coast, who are trained to however, small in extent, and marked by buoys. work the Eocket Apparatus. Seven miles to the south-east are the great Soar- weather Sands, which afford material shelter to The Meteorological Department, under Swansea Bay. Closer to the Mumbles Head and Mr. SCOTT, is also actively engaged in Life-boat house are two shoals, called the Green transmitting storm-signals to some 129 Grounds and the Outer Green Grounds. Tbese shoals are in a line north and south of each other, places on the coasts. and are to eastward of ths promontory of Thus, then, a. noble contention ia being Mumbles, at a distance of a mile and a half. Successfully carried on year after year Between them and the Mumbles is an anchorage, called Mumbles Roads, which is capable of afford- with the elements, and, we lament to say ing shelter to a considerable number of vessels. in too many instances, with the cupidity, Down in the heart of the bay is Heath, at a dis- tance of six miles from Mumbles Head; and ignorance, and carelessness of man. Never- between Neath and the Mumbles is tie great theless, it is satisfactory to find that the commercial port of Swansea, the bar of which is humane work is extending every year. two and a half miles from the Life-boat house at Mumbles Head, and dead to leeward of it in S. There is now hardly a dangerous point of or S.W. gales. the coast where a Life-boat is not to be Vessels have at different times since the in- found, and, what is equally important, troduction of Life-boats been lost on the Sw&n&e& bar, Neath bar, and each of the aforementioned where stout hearts and firm-set frames are shoals in Swansea Bay. The Life-boat Woher- not also to be found to work it even in the hampton was placed at the Mumbles to afford fiercest storm. It is with a well-grounded help to vessels which had fallen among any of these perils, and she has on numerous occasion* national pride we remark that, as the re- been useful to ships at most of those points of sult of the labours of the NATIONAL LIFE- danger. She is also ready for transporting- bf FEBBTJARY 1,1875.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 221 road to Oxwich Bay and Pwl! du B, which lie to United Kingdom is so produced in Swansea and the westward, and the former of which is an its immediate neighbourhood. There are, besides, anchorage used by small craft. The greater part manufactories of iron and tin plate on a very ex- of the shipping trade of Swansea passes close to tensive scale, and important ship-building yards the Mumbles, and it is for this shipping that this tot iron and wooden ships. Life-boat is mostly called into use; and hence it There is an outer and inner harbour to Swan- is known as the Swansea boat^ although, indeed, sea; a harbour light on the western pier marks the fleet of vessels annual)/ passing in and out the entrance. The opening between the piers, of Neaifa are equally guarded by its presence. however, is only 80 yards, and there is only 2 feet The Mumbles town is fs«.t a fishing village, on the Swansea Bar at low water. Thus vessels the home of about 400 of the finest lot of fisher- have to wait outside for tides, generally in the men in South Wales. These men's vessels are anchorage of the Mumbles before mentioned. In moored in the shallow part of Mumbles Koads, Swansea Harbour are docks of the largest class, and the pick of them are available for the Life- aad a good fitting basin. boat's «rew. The coxswain, J. JENKINS, is a man At Port Tennant and New Cut, portions of the rho thoroughly understands his work and who I main harbour, are a dry dock and patent slip anand haoas never flinched from it. The Life-boat | ___long„ range0 s of warehouses,, an.. d froi m that part has been launched 18 times to the assistance of of the harbour Swansea has direct canal com- vessels in distress, and has saved 57 lives. munication with the interior of South Wales. Aboat half a mile from the boat-house, on the Overlooking the Mumbles anchorage is the island at Mumbles Head, is a small fort, the guns ruinous castle of Oystermouth, built also by of which command the anchorage of Mumbles Henry Beaumont, Eart of Warwick, and which Road and would render it safe from privateers in in those days must have well commanded time of war. the anchorage—an anchorage which then even The boat-house being close to the water-edge, more than now must have been a necessity for the carriage, with the boat on it, and with the ships trading or carrying war supplies to Swan- srewia their places in the boat, has only to be sea; for ships of the period being lighter of eased dawn the boat-slip infrontofthe boat-house, draught, and the bay doubtless being deeper, they when the boat can be launched from it. would naturally hug close into that corner of the A Life-boat was first placed here in the year bay to get more effectual protection from the 1835. It was, of course, of tbeold model (Palmer's) ' southerly gales. and not self-righting. It at different times, how- In fine weather the coast of Devonshire and ever, performed excellent service. This boat Lundy Island can be seen from the Mumbles, and belonged to the Harbour Trustees, and was not from the top of the magnificent pile of limestone under the charge of this Institution. In 1856 cliff which forms the Mumbles Head is a truly Swansea was furnished with an Institution's self- grand view of the wide expanse of Swansea Bay, righting boat, still under charge of the Harbour marked landward by the chimneys and towers of Trastees, however. In 1866 the station was for- I rich and ever-growing commercial cities, which awjly transferred to the Borxt NATIONAL LIFE- seem struggling up through the dim haze of the WAT INSTITUTION, and it pfaced at the Mumbles, | smoke of countless factory fires, and seaward, for the assistance of the Swansea and Neath by a perpetually thickening throng of ships and tnuta, the. present Life-boat Wbfoerhampton, whi eh steamers; while, westward, can be seen a long i» 33 feet long, and has 8 feet 1 inch beam. The extent of coast which terminates thirty miles feat-house is built on ground granted at a nominal beyond the range of the observer's vision in not by the DUKE of BEAUFORT. Worms Head, the extremity of the peninsula of Glamorganshire was subjugated to theRoraaiv Gower. This Gower, out of the track of the Way in A.D. 75, at which time Julius Frontinus ordinary march of events, possesses still remark- tns Governor of Britain. But in A.O. 410 the able remains of the Ancient British and Roman Romans, preparatory to their final march Korne- period, and its scenery has ever been famous for its Irsrds, transferred their government to the native peculiarly romantic character; and even to these girinces, and the tramp of the legions was heard days it is also remarkable for its inhabitants, who ID more in South Wales. The fleet of the great for between seven hundred and eight hundred taglo-Saxon King Alfred defeated the Danish years have kept themselves separate from the feet off Swansea in A.D. 877. surrounding Welsh population, never learning its After thS Norman Conquest Glamorganshire, language, and rarely mixing with it in marriage. flte j»any other outlying appanages of the Anglo- These are the descendants of the Flemings, settled J«0rt crown, showed symptoms of restlessness in the Gower peninsula, in the reign of Henry I., Under the new regime, and the task of reducing it for the purpose of establishing manufactories; fe * proper state of submission was intrusted and, as a remarkable instance of their complete jp ¥itt,hamon, a relative of the Conqueror. , ,, and . isolation, consequent on the surrounding country Sve£i _n . t, o. Yhi m. in• _ fiei; _Jf ? in• _ 1066l nGff . Inr_ 11071 Irt^, howeverv.~ .».*... , j being peopled by, to them, aliens, their speech is fossed into the hands of ihe Duke of Gloucester j still ancient Anglo-Saxon, the language of their M similar terms, and in the reign of Henry VII. first employers, and they have in common use lit erected into a separate county. words of which the meaning has to be sought in SSwuisea in Welsh is caHed Abertawe—mouth glossaries and ancient dictionaries. |t Tawe — the Jliver Tawe. Its castle was The history of this part of Wales is full of JWctert by Henry Beaumont, Earl of Warwick, interest, but we do not propose to enter on so en- MtlOO. ticing a subject here: our object is, as we hope, be town of Swansea is rapidly increasing in attained by having briefly indicated the genera! and importance, and, like other large towns features of the neighbourhood an which the Life- the sea coast of South Wales, is in its modern boat Wolverhampton has been able to do such ot, so to speak, the creation of the last half- good service. ry. Prior to that time it was little known little importance. The immediate vicinity IV.—GKEENCASTLE (LOUGH FOYLE). f5 coal-mines and direct access to the sea led to ! establishment of copper-ore smelting-works, The Life-boat Mary Annette. I first of which was erected in 1762; now nine- THE Life-boatot'the rnstitution'sStatiotiofGreen- ( of the copper ore manufactured in the 1 castle is placed so as to launch into, and pull out 222 THE LIFE-BOAT. 1,187& from, a small sandy cove a mile to the northward, large expanse of sheltered water. The earlieri or seaward of the old fortress of Greeneastle. history of this part of Ireland is but a repetition This Greenoastle commands in a measure the of burnings and massacres; now on the part of th« entrance to Lough Foyle, being built on a rocky Danes, who rushed from their war-ships on tha prominence which projects from the western side ill-prepared Irish," like wolves on the fold,"—now of the Lough; while from the eastern side pro- on the part of the Irish, who seized every oppor- trudes a long spit of sand, armed on its outer or tunity of revenge on their invaders. northern side with man; dangerous sand-banks, The broad and sheltering arms of Lough Poyle» and compelling ships which seek the shelter of the opening immediately on that ever tempest-tossed Lough to pass uncomfortably close to the Castle; and inclement Northern Atlantic Ocean, mutt so close, that in these days of long-range guns it have seemed to those old corsairs a most desirabl* would probably be thought, by an enemy's squad- point of refuge; and the tranquil waters of tb* ron wishing to get at Londonderry, wisest to de- great Lough, with its verdant hills and rich pas- stroy this Castle first, and consider afterwards as ture lands, as especially adapted for the peculiar to the best means of fighting its way up Lough mode of warfare of their devastating fleets. Foyle to try conclusions with the " maiden city." The monastery at the h ead of the Lough, around, The general course of Lough J?oyle is north- which, in succeeding ages gathered the city now east and south-west; and the city of Derry, or called Londonderry, was founded about the year Londonderry, is over twenty miles above the 546, and in 1198, when the town had become im- entrance of Lough Foyle, above alluded to. portant, it was captured by John de Courcy. It re- The Life-boat Mary Annette, as may be sup- ceived its first permanent English garrison in 1566, posed, therefore, was stationed near Greencastle and, after a, variety of vicissitudes, in which the; with the expectation of her being useful to the old town was twice burnt and once blown up with mercantile marine of Derry and to those vessels gunpowder, it finally settled into a city with » of all nations which annually pass, through the charter in 1613, and with a cathedral twenty year* beautiful waters of Lough Fbyte. later. But the great mark in history made by The Life-boat's services are most likely to be Derry is undoubtedly its successful resistance to required for aiding ships driven among the sands the armies of King James II. in 1689. During. on the eastern side of the entrance to the Lough, that siege its unhappy people endured every con- or, when they are hopelessly entangled thereon, ceivable horror, arising from pestilence, famine, rescuing irom them their crews. The seas on and the sworu, with a steadfast fortitude, never some of these banks, in certain states of the tide, surpassed; and in the course of the hundred days' wind, and weather, are tremendous; and even siege, the bodies of over 11,000 persons, besieger* with the advantage of wind and tide in their and besieged, were buried on either side of it* favour, the crew of the Mary Annette will always bloodstained walls—countryman opposed to coua- find it sufficiently difficult to render assistance try man, and each man fighting in the name of God to any unfortunate vessel which has been and religion.' Let us be thankful we have faltea forced among them. With a flood-tide, no aid on different times and our chiefest glory and best could be rendered, unless a steam-tug should efforts are rather in saving than destroying life. happen to be at the anchorage inside the Castle, Nevertheless all sailors, and especially all Aorth- and be ready to stake the chances of her own de- of-Ireland sailors, must remember with pride the struction for the hope of aiding the wrecked ship names of the good frigate Dartmouth, which fought outside. In such a case the Life-boat would be her way so well up the waters of Lough Foyle, towed far enough to windward to be slipped from and the good ships Mountjoy and fhcenix, of the most commanding position for her dash in Derry and Coleraine, which carried their cargoes among the breakers. Unaided, no boat could of food through so many perils to their starving ever be rowed against a storm and a flood-tide countrymen within the beleagured city. oat of Lough Foy fe. The Life-boat Station at the entrance of Lough The wrecks of the Lough, however, are few Foyle was first formed in 1864, when a 6-oared and far between, the high and mountainous land boat was placed there, the cost of the boat being which forms the western side not only giving the gift of John ». Allcroft, Esq.. of London, but perfect shelter from (he prevailing westerly gales, in 1870 it was replaced by the present boat, bear- but offering unmistakable and gigantic landmarks ing tie same name, the Mary Annette. That Life- which; almost forbid wrecks occurring through boat pulls 10 oars, is 33 feet long, and has 8 feet ignorance; though sometimes disabled ships, beam, and is kept on a transporting-carriage, ready unable to gain the shelter of the Lough, and for moving to other parts of the coast, should it lie caught by a storm on the northern side of the thought desirable to do so before launching to the promontory towards Malin Head, though per- wreck. Hot far from the Boat-house are the two fectly aware of their impending fate, have no light-houses of fnishowen Head, whose light CM» power to prevent themselves being hurled at the be seen at Portrush to the west and nearly as fat feet of those giant cliffs. In most of such cases as to luishtabul Island to the north-west,on whieti destruction is complete and instant. Happy the little rocky islet is another light-house. mariner whose vessel has been thus destroyed The actual site of the Greencastle Boat-house i» close to a Coastguard rocket-apparatus! It has a bleak and desolate-looking country-side, and it happened that men have been saved even there has sand-ridges, partially covered with green turf, T)y such means. between it and the sea, from which it is distant, The Life-boat services, as we have said, are not however, only sixty yards. The Boat-house It likely to be frequent; Tout when needed they will facing a little sandy cove which dries at low require to be rendered by really brave men, as water, and into this little cove the boat is con- the dangers to be overcome are great. The Mary veyed on her carriage for launching. A fair Annette, however, is of the large class of Life- carriage road runs parallel to the sea, at a short boats, and is a magnificent specimen; a boat that, distance from it, and the boat on its carriage gets properly handled, would be safe under all circum- to it easily across a hundred yard* of green turf. stances, and is capable of doing almost anything This boat has been launched eleve* times to except pull against an opposing tide and gale. vessels in distress, and has at different, times Near Greencastle, in old times, must have been saved 7 lives. the first anchorages of the fleets of Danish assail- ants, and from thence they carried on at their leisure their depredations on either bank of this FEBRUARY 1, 1875.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 223

ADDITIONAL STATIONS AND NEW LIFE-BOATS.

CABNSOBE, Co. WEXFORD.—The 30-feet BRANCASTER, NORFOLK.—The NATIONAL 6-oared Life-boat placed here some years LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION has recently es- since was found to be not powerful enough tablished a Life-boat Station at Brancas- for service to vessels on the dangerous ter, where wrecks occasionally happen, outlying rocks off this coast known as the and there being a rather long line of "Tuskar," and the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT coast unprotected between the Life-boats INSTITUTION has therefore replaced it by at Hunstanton to the west, and Wells to another boat, 32 feet long, and rowing 10 the east of that place. The Life-boat, oars double-banked; the lady who pro- which, with the whole cost of the esta- vided the first boat as a thank-offering blishment, had been presented to the for her providential escape from drowning I Institution by Mrs. M. A. BOETEFETJR, in 1859 having supplemented her gift I widow of the late Mr. ALEXANDER BOETE- by the further munificent contribution of | FEXTR, an old and valued member and 300Z. towards the expense of the exchange. generous supporter of the Society, was In accordance with her wishes, the Life- sent to its station in July last, and on the boat, which was sent to Carnsore in March 25th of that month was publicly launched last, has, been named the Iris. The boat in the presence of a large assembly of was conveyed from London to Wexford by spectators, when the usual ceremonial steamer and railway, and from the latter was gone through, a short religious place it was taken to its station by road. service being performed by the Rev. ALEX- ANDER NAPIER, Hector of Holkham, and FBASERBCRGH, N.B. — This Life-boat, the boat being named the Joseph and after many years' service, has also had to Mary by Mrs. SIMS REEVE, the wife of the be replaced by another boat, 33 feet long, local landed proprietor, who had kindly 8£ feet wide, and pulling 10 oars double- given the site on which the boat-house banked, which was sent to the station by •was erected. The boat is a 10-oared railway last March, and with which the one, 33 feet long by 8 feet wide. crew have since expressed themselves as much pleased. It is named the Charlotte, ST. MART'S, SCILLY.—For many years that being the Christian name of the wife it had been in contemplation to station a of WILLIAM MCKEHIIELL, Esq., late of Hill Life-boat at Scilly, but wrecks not being House, Ayrshire, the original donor of very frequent in the neighbourhood of the Life-boat. The boat thus superseded that group of islands, and local difficulties had done good work in its time in saving arising, the question had been postponed 31 lives from different shipwrecks. from time to time. An opportunity, 224 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBRUARY 1,1875. however, offering, through, the bequeath- to station a second boat there, to be kept ment of a legacy, for the establishment of afloat in the outer harbour, whence she a Life-boat Station, by the late Mrs. DUN- could be promptly conveyed to the assist- DAS DRUMHOND, and the inhabitants wish- ance of vessels in distress or on shore. ing to be supplied with a Life-boat, the On the 26th August the new boat was Institution has provided one. The boat, towed to its station from Liverpool, and •which is of large size, being 37 feet long on the 27th she wag temporarily hauled by 9 feet wide, and rowing 12 oars, was up on the beach north of the town; and sent to her station on the 30th July last, after being named by Miss HARRIS, daugh- being towed from Penzance by a steamer. ter of the High Bailiff, S. HABBIS, Esq., On the 1st Aug. she was publicly launched, was launched in the presence of a after being drawn through the streets on large assemblage of persons. The day her carriage, accompanied by a procession had been selected as that on which the and a band of music. The Eev. J. H. WHITE, Annual Eegatta took place. Unfortu- Chaplain to T. J. A. SMITH DOMES, Esq., nately it was very wet, the rain being the proprietor of the islands, performed incessant. The Institution's Life-boats the religions service, and Miss BAMTELB, from Castletown and Ramsey had come daughter of Mr. J. BAKEIELD, the local from their stations to do honour to the Hon. Secretary, named the boat. A large occasion, and the four Life-boats of the assembly of persons were present, includ- island competed in a race. The cost of ing many ministers and members of the the new boat was presented to the Insti- Wesleyan body, who were on an excursion tution by Mrs. TUBNEB-TTJBNER and he? to the islands. family, in memory of her late husband, ANGLESEY. — The Life-boat JOHN TURNER-TURNER, Esq., after whom it at Moelfre, in the neighbourhood of which was named. The boat is a large one, place the Royal Charter was lost some being 35 feet long by 9 feet wide. years since, has been replaced by a new one. The new boat, the cost of which DUNGENESS.—A Life-boat Station has was raised amongst her relatives and been formed at Dungeness, and a Life-boat friends by the Lady VIVIAN, was publicly was sent there in September last. This launched there on the 21st August last. boat, which is 33 feet long by 7| feet The small cove and village were decorated wide, and rows 10 oars, was presented to with flags for the occasion, and Lord and the Institution by DAVID HET,ETT, Esq., Lady VIVIAN and many of their friends of London. On the 14th September she were present at the launch. The boat, was launched in the presence of a con- which is 32 feet long by 7J feet wide, siderable number of persons -who, notwith- was named, with the usual ceremonial, by standing the formidable belt of soft Lady VIVIAN, and a prayer for a blessing shingle, some two and a half miles wide, on the boat and her crew was offered up | which had to be crossed from Lydd and by the Eev. J. W. EVANS, the Rector of ] the surrounding country, had assembled, the parish. I A large party had also come from Folke- stone in a steamer chartered for the DOUGLAS, ISLE OF MAK. — An additional i purpose. Life-boat has been stationed at Douglas, ! The boat was named by Mrs. DENNE, in the Me of Man. In consequence of ; wife of A. DENNE, Esq., Deputy Lieutenant the suddenness of some shipping disasters of the County, and the religious cere- in the neighbourhood of that port, it was monial performed by the Rev. W. C. L. considered that the Life-boat stationed WINGATE, local Honorary Secretary. there on the north side of the harbour j It will be remembered that the unfor- could not be launched quickly enough to j tunate loss of the Northfleet, when so meet such emergencies. Accordingly the j many poor emigrants unfortunately NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION decided perished, took place near this locality. FEBBUAKY 1, 1875.] THE LEFE-BOAT. 225

ciples of the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, which extended every co-operation to the Foreign SUMMABY OF THE Society. Ten Life-boats and eight transporting carriages in all have been built for it by the MEETINGS OF THE COMMITTEE. Institution's own builders within the last eighteen months. TIIDKSDAY, 1st Oct., 1674 -. ; Voted the thanks of the Institution to Mr. M. THOMAS CHAPMAN, Esq., F.R.S., V.P., Chairman FITZPATKICK for his kind co-operation during the of the Institution, in the Chair. period he occupied the office of Honorary Secre- tary of the New-quay (Cardiganshire) Branch of Read and approved the Minutes of One previous the Society. Meeting, and those of the Finance and Corre- Ordered a new Life-boat House to be built at spondence, and Wreck and Reward Sub-Com- Watchet, Somerset, at an expense of 3521. mittees. Reported the recent decease of Admiral SCHOM- Also the Report of Capt. J. K.. WARD, R.N., l BERG, Queen's Harbour Master atHolyhead, who the Inspector of Life-boats to the Institution, on had been an able and zeaious friend of the Life- his recent visits to West Wittering and Lydd. I boat cause at that place for many years past. Also the Report of Capt. D. ROHEUTSON, R.N., j The Committee expressed their sincere sym- the Assistant-Inspector of Life-boats, on his visits pathy with Mrs. SCHOMBEKG and the members of to Aberdeen, Dunbar, North Berwick, Anstruther, her tamily in their sad bereavement. St. Andrew's, Buddon Ness, Broughty Ferry, Ar- broath, Stonehaven, Inverness, Thurso, Stromness. ! Paid 845?. 10s. for sundry charges on various and Longhope. i Life-boat Establishments. Also the Heport of Capt. C. GRATT JOKES, S.N., | Voted 71. 12«. to pay the expenses of the Holy- the Second Assistant-Inspector of Life-boats, on j head Life-boat in putting off during a strong gale his recent visits to Brighstone Grange, Brooke, ' from tbe S.S.W. on the 22ad Sept., and bringing Bembridge, Hayliog, West Wittering, Selsey, [ safely ashore the crews, numbering 6 men, of the Worthing, Shoreham, Brighton, Newbaven, East- j schooners Monttmm and Mary Jane, those vessels bourne, Hastings, Winchelsea, Rye, and Hew being in dangerous positions near the Breakwater. llomney. The heavy seas broke continually over the boat while she was performing this service. Reported the receipt of the following special Reported that the Ramsey Life-boat had gone Contributions since the last Meeting:— off, on the 15th Sept., and assisted the smack £. s. d. Venus, of Douglas, and her crew of 4 men, safely General Sir HENBY BENTINCK, K.C.B., into harbour, on that vessel being overtaken by a and Lady BENTINCK (in addition to gale from the S.W. while at anchor in Ramsey usual annual subscription of 101.) , 25 0 0 Bay. Harvest Thank-Offering from Ugges- Also that the Ramsgate Harbour steamer and hall 330 Life-boat had aided in getting the brig Marianna, Contributions from officers and crew of Bordeaux, off the Goodwin Sands, on the 21st of ship 3fay Queen, of Alloa, on her Sept., when the vessel, with those on board, con- passage from Calcutta to Dundee, j sisting of the master, his wife, and crew of 6 men, per Capt. J. Ross, additional. , 1 15 6 was then towed into harbour by the steamer. Harvest f hank-Offering from Newton- ; Also that the Tenby Life-boat had gone off on by-Sudbury, per Rev. REGINALD the 22nd Sept., and, after several attempts, saved SMITH 1 12 0 the French lugger Marie and 3 of the crew when Lee National Girls' School .... 0 4 0 ! that vessel was in a disabled condition off Tenby. — To be severally tltanked. \ The master and a boy had unfortunately been washed overboard before the arrival of the Life- Read letter from Miss WARWICK, of Scar- j boat. borough, West Chester County, United States, j The Bactou Life-boat bad also rendered timely of the 15th Sept., forwarding thirty dollars, the I assistance, during a severe gale from the N.N.E. greater part of which had been collected by a j on the \9th Sept., to the sloop Sophia Elizabeth, email class of boys in an American Sunday- \ of Lowestoft, \vhen in danger off Bacton. school, being the proceeds of their own earnings ' Voted 19/. 19s. to pay the expenses of the New- during tlie past year.— To be specially thanked. I castle (Dundrum) and Ballycotton Life-boats, in putting off to the aid of distressed vessels which Reported that the following legacies had been ] did not ultimately require the services of the bequeathed to the Institution:— boats. £. «. d. Also 21. to 4 men, forming the crew of the The late Mrs. SILLS GIBBONS, of Bath trawler Enigma, for saving the smack *S7. Thomas, (duty free) 500 0 0 j of Kingstown, and her crew of 2 men, that vessel The late THOMAS PKATT, Esq., of \ being in a very distressed condition off Howth, Lowestoft 50 0 0 i during a strong N.W. wind on the llth Sept. Reported the transmission to their stations of j tbe Lydd (Dungeness) and Longhope (Orkney j Islands) Life-boats. ; THURSDAY, 5th November: Reported that the two Life-boats subscribed for by the English residents at St. Petersburgh, and The Chairman of the Institution, in tbe Chair. presented by them to their Royal Highnesses the Read and approved the Minutes of the previous DOKE and DUCHESS OF EDINBURGH— after whom Meeting, and those of the Finance and Corre- they are respectively named the Alfred and the spondence, and Wreck and Reward Sub-Com- Jtane—had been forwarded to Russia, having mittees. first been put through satisfactory harbour trials Also the Report of the Inspector of Life-boats at Limehouse, in the presence of the officers of ! on his recent visits to Wells, Blakeney, Cromer, tbe Institution and others. The boats are to be ! Sheringham, Mundesley, and Hasborough. placed under the charge of the Russian Life-boat j Also the Report of the Assistant-Inspector of Society, which has been organised on the prin- ( Life-boats on his visits to Loughope, Stromness, 226 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBRUARY 1, 1875.

Inverness, Lossiemouth, Buckie, Banff, Peterheau, Dr. L'EsniAtiOE; J. HOI.ST, Esq.; and B.. A.. Fraserburgh, Stonehaven, Montrose, SiUoth, ', WATT, Esq.., in acknowledgment of their past Afaryport, Whitehaven, Seascale, and Irvine. i kind co-operation as the Honorary Secretaries Also the Report of the Second Assistant-In- i respectively of the Weston-super-Mare, Bem- spector of Life-boats on his recent visits to the j bridge, Wicklow, Penarth, and Banff Branches Life-boat Stations at Dover, Kingsdowne, \¥ ai- ] of the Society. mer, Sorth Deal, Kamsgate, Bcoadstairs, Kings- The Committee expressed their deep regret at gate, Margate, Brighton, and Eastbourne. \ the lamented decease of the Kev. THOMAS KEM- Reported the receipt of the following Special [ WICK, who had been for many years the valued Contributions since the last Meeting:— Honorary Secretary of the Brighstone Grange £. ». d. ! (Isle of Wight) Life-Boat Station of the Institu- Alias J. E. HEBKING, " In memory of j tion. departed friends." To be added to the amount of Miss ELIZA NEALE'S Paid 3,455Z. 6d. for sundry charges on various legacy for the purchase of a Life- Life-boat Establishments. boat to be named the Pendock Neale, and placed oa the Cornish coast, Voted 7t, 12s. to pay the expenses of 'he additional 100 0 0 Clovelly Life-boat, on the 1st Oct., in putting off PHKEXOUD LAUD, Esq., Leamington 60 0 0 to the assistance of the brigantine -Elizabeth, of Mrs, ASNE GOMOXDE, additional . . 20 0 0 Kingstown, which, in a ieaky and disabled state, Collected at the Bristol Mercantile had anchored off Clovelly and hoisted a signal of Marine Office, per Captain THOMAS distress, the crew being exhausted, and it blowing BROOKS, additional...... 14 12 3 a fresh gale on shore. The Life-boat brought the Contribution from the Harvest Thanks- crew of 1 men on shore. giving Offertory at Bexhill Church, Also 10/. Is. to pay the expenses of the Portrush near Hastings, per Kev. A. B. SIMP- Life-boat, which, on the 3rd Oct., boarded the sos, MA 6 11 6 schooner Camden, of Aberyatwith, during a heavy Collected from the Out-Pensioners of gaie of wind on shore, and rescued her crew of the Lynn District, in aid of the sup- 3 men and a boy. The Cannden had come to an port of the Out-Pensioner Life-boat anchor on a lee shore in a dangerous position, and at Arkiow, per Major A. 31. GARDES 6 11 6 it was important that these men should be got oat Ditto 2nd Liverpool District, per of her before she parted her cable and got among Major J. F. BIBCH 2110 the breakers, which she was momentarily expected Ditto Newcastle-on-Tyne District, per to do. Major D. BEEKE 1 15 0 Also \~l. 19s. to pay the expenses of the Contents of Contribution Boxes at Kessingland No. 1 Life-boat, which, on the 6th South Devon Railway Stations, per Oct., in reply to signals of distress, launched, in a A, P. PBOWSE, Esq., additional . . 51-46 moderate gale, to the assistance of the brig Sir Thanksgiving Offertory at St. Mark's William Pxlteney, wrecked on the Newcombe Church, Bexhill, near Hastings, per Shoal, and from which vessel she saved the Rev. J. H. Simpson, M.A. ... S 32 9 master, mate, and 8fisherme n ; the Sir William futteney sinking soon after the rescue was ac- Contents of Contribution Box at the complished. Railway Clearing-House, per Mr. Also 10Z. 10s. to pay the expenses of the J. Me LEAN, additional .... 2 15 6 Kessingland No. 2 Lite-boat, which, on the 21st Half of Collection at Arretoa Church, Oct., saved the crew of 6 men from the biigantine Isle of "Wight, per Kev. K. N. Duu- Emma JKflen, of Guernsey, which was lost oa RAOT, M.A 126 Benacre Point during a sttong gale at AV.S.W. — To be severally thanked. Also 2H. \». to pay the expenses of the Brooke Life-boat, which put off through a heavy surf Reported that the late Mrs. PETEK JOHNSTOSE, during the night of 17-18th Oct., and rescued the of Harthope, Moffat, N.B., had bequeathed a crew of the Spanish brig Htrmoeo Jfstaaav, who legacy of 502,, duty free, to the Institution. were endeavouring to keep themselves afloat in a Decided to form a Life-boat Station at Staithes, small boat by riding out the gale under the lee near Whitby, on the Yorkshire coast, and to of the wreck of their vessel, which had struck on appropriate the station to the legacy bequeathed a reef off Serethmore Point, and sunk to the top to the Institution by the late Mrs. HANSAH of her bulwarks. Wine persons were saved from YATES, of Sheffield, the boat being named the this wreck. Hannah Somerset. Also 71. \0s. to pay the expenses of the Ar- Reported the transmission to its station of the drossan Life-boat on the 2ist Oct., on which Irvine new Life-boat, and that a public demon- occasion, after being towed out of the hatboui of stration had taken place on the occasion of the Ardrossan by the harbour steam-tug, she was first launch of the boat on the 17th Oct. successful in saving 6 of the survivors of the The Glasgow and South-Western Railway crew of the C/rason, a steamer belonging to Company had kindly granted a free conveyance Glasgow, which was wrecked off the port. over their line to the new Life-boat between Also 311. 16s. 6d. to pay the expenses of the Carlisle and Irvine.-— To be thanked. Fraserburgh Life-boat, which, during a storm from Ordered that various works be carried out at the N.N.W. of hurricane strength, went out on the Moelfre and Longhope Life-boat Stations at the 21st Oct. and saved the crew of 4 men from an expense of 20W. 2s. 6d. the schooner Mair, of Portsoy, totally lost on the Reported that new Life-boats on the plan of the Fraserburgb Sands; and on the day following, Institution had been ordered of its builders for when the gale was still violent, saved 3 men from Port Napier, in New Zealand, and Ancona, on the the ketch Sriclt, of Duubar, lost on the same Adriatic. sands. It was stated that the KHEDIVE or EGYPT was Also 11. 7s. to the crew of the Girvan Life-boat. much interested in the efforts now being made to These men, having, by means of lines thrown fiom form a Life-boat Institution in his country. the rocks, established a communication with the Voted the thanks of the Institution to Captain brig- Uncos, of Skavanger, Norway, which was G. B. BUNBUHV, R.N.; C. H. S. LEICESTER, .Esq.; wrecked during the heavy storm of 21st Oct., half FEBBTJAHY 1,1875.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 227 a mile north of Girvan pier, were able to send off Life-boat, which, on the 23th Oct., went off to the to the crew of the stranded vessel their Life-belts, assistance of the AiKflia, a barque belonging to and the 8 shipwrecked persons, putting on these, Liverpool, and brought on shore 8 of her men; were hauled safely ashore by the lines sent off by the remaining 12 men which formed the crew the Life-boatmen. were taken oil' by a pilot vessel. The Amelia had Also SI. Us. to pay the expenses of the Htm- Struck on the Cove fiock, off Linney Head, and stanton Life-boat, which saved the crew of 5 men became a total wreck. of the brigatitine Liberal, of Colchester, during a Also 151. to pay the expenses of the Lydd Life- heavy northerly gale on the 21st Oct. The boat on the 30th Oct. At 11 P.M., this boat was Liberal had gone ashore on the Woo! Pack launched to the Villa des Couets, » chasse-mare'e, Sands, and the rescue had hardly been effected belonging to Nantes, which vessel was driven before the vessel went to pieces. ashore on Dungeness Point during a strong breeze Also 1II. 10«. to pay the expenses of the South- at W.S.W. The Life-boat rescued the crew of wold Life-boat, which, on the 21st Oct., during a 3 men from this vessel. Sooje difficulty was heavy northerly gale, rescued the crew of 5 men experienced in getting the Life-boat launched from the wreck of the schooner Pandora, of through the surf on the beach, and the fishermen Portsmouth, which vessel was lost on the Bar- and Coastguard-men who launched the boat were nard Sands, sinking ten minutes after the crew particularly mentioned for their spirited exertions were saved. The Life-boat, with the rescued crew in getting her afloat. This was the first service on board, then pushed on tor another vessel, the rendered by this Life-boat (the David Huhtf), three-masted schooner GlenvWe, of Sunderland, which had only been placed at the station a lew which -was also ashore on the sands. This vessel weeks previously. was made sail on by the Life-boat's crew, driven Voted 2U. to pay the expenses of the Hauxley over the sands, and eventually, though leaking Life-boat, which went off to the steamer Anglia, badly, by great exertions carried into Lowestoft,, of Dundee, through a heavy swell on the night of where she was grounded on the mud. The the 2nd Nor. The Anglia had run ashore in Glenville was a new vessel, and had a crew of 10 thick weather south of Hadston Scarrs. The men. Lite-boat landed 1'rom her H passengers, and Also 15?. 2». to pay the expenses of the Troon then returned to the distressed vessel, on which Life-boat, which saved 5 men from the brigantine second occasion the boat and crew received Belle Star, of Yarmouth, U.S., on the 21st Oct., considerable damage alongside in consequence of during a heavy northerly gale. The Life-boat the heavy swell. This vessel was got otf at day- had to make two trips off to the Bella Star, in light, after throwing overboard her deck cargo, consequence of tne master having refused to and was towed into port by steam-tugs. abandon his'vessel on the first occasion, although .Reported that on the and .Nov. the Moelfre he afterwards hoisted his ensign union down for Life-boat had launched at daybreak and assisted the Life-boat's assistance. to save the Sarah A. Dudman, a barque belonging Also 13f. 17s. 6d. to pay the expenses of the to Yarmouth, N.S. This vessel, which carried a Wells Life-boat, which saved the crew of 6 men crew of II men, had stranded in a dense fog flora the brig Intlien, of Bordeaux. The Indiea shortly after midnight on the Dulas Rocks. was lost north of Wells Harbour during a gale at With the assistance of tne Life-boat's crew, who N.W. on the morning of 22nd Oct. In hopes of also sent a telegram for a steamer, the barque saving his vessel, the master remained by her was got off the rocks by 3 P.M., and towed to gome hours after the arrival of the Life-boat, but Beaumaris. Two hours later a storm from the at length was forced to abandon her, and, with N.E. came on, which -would certainly have de- his crew (in all 6 persons), was with difficulty got stroyed the vessel had she still been on the on board the Life-boat, which landed them at half- rocks. This -was the first service rendered by past three in the afternoon, by which time the this Life-boat(the Lady Vivian),which hadarrived Life-boat's crew had been afloat ten hours in very on the station only a short time previously. inclement weather. ' Also 190i. 18s. to pay expenses at the following Beported that the Walmer Life-boat had been Life-boat Stations, from which either the boats instrumental in saving the schooner Mary Ann, were launched, or at which the crews assembled, of St. Ives. The Mary Ann, which carried a crew in readiness to afford assistance to vessels in of 6. men, bad gone ashore on the South Goodwin distress, but which eventually did not require during the night of 24-25th Oct., with a strong their services, viz.:—Brighstone Grange, Carn- breeze at W.S.W., and the Walmer Life-boat sore, Penarth, Llanddwyn, Lowestoft, Pakefield, ha-ring boarded her, at daylight put part of her New Brighton No. 1, Orme's Head, Kings- erew on board, drove her off the sand, and carried downe, Mullion, Peterhead, Falmouth, New Bom- her safely into Karasgate Harbour, ney, Lizard, and Cadgwith, Voted 20?. Is. 6rf. to pay the expenses of the Also 13?. to the master and crew of the Ar- Montrose No. 1 Life-boat, On the 25th Oct. this drossan steam-tug, for saving, by means of lines boat had gone off, whilst a heavy gale from the thrown from her, 9 of the crew of the wrecked south was ragtag, and rescued the crew of 5 steamer CkwsaK, and afterwards towing out to men of the schooner Active, of Montrose, which the wreck the Life-boat Fair Maid of Perth. vessel was totally lost on the Annat Bank. The Also If. 10s. to GAVIN KEAS, and Id. each to darkness of the morning at the time of the launch, 3 other men, for putting off in a shore boat, with and the circumstance of the Life-boat having at the view of saving Jife from the wreck of the one time to encounter heavy seas on her broad- Chusan. Bide, made this a very meritorious service. Also 2/. 10s. to 5 Coastguard-men of Chapel Also 62.15s. to pay the expenses of the Peter- Station, Lincolnshire, who, on 5th Oct., had with head Life-boat, which, on the 21st Oct., brought great promptitude launched a shore boat and on shore the crew of 6 men belonging to the saved 1 man, who was clinging to the" wreck of x&ooner Duarabia, of Wick, which vessel, dis- an experimental iron Life-boat, named the Ririny abled aloft, and with a signal of distress flying, Star, which, while on a voyage from Grimsby to had. been seen driving before the gale, but had Wells, had burst one of her air-cases. There brought up in South Bay at the time the Life- were 2 men on board the Rising Star at the time boat boarded her. of the accident; one of whom was drowned in Also "I. Us. to pay the expenses of the Milford trying to swim ashove. It was blowing fresh at 228 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBBUABY 1,1875.

N.W., with a considerable sea on the beach, at £. ». d. the time this service was tendered. the support of the Out-Pensioner Also 2/. to JOHN COVESEK, and 3 other men Life-boat at Arklow, per Lieut.-CoI. of Moville, Co. Donegal, for saving a Coast- H. M. SMTTH 1 15 3 guard-man from a small yacht which was cap- Collected from the Out-Pensioners of sized duiing a strong S.W. breeze in MovilJe Bay. the 2nd East London District, per Two other Coastguard-men, who had also been Major J. M. DORK 1 10 0 on board the yacht when she capsized, were un- — To be severally thanked. fortunately lost before JOHN COVENEY and his men readied her. Reported that the following Legacies had been Also \l. 10s. to FRANCIS McMA3os and 2 other bequeathed to the Institution:— men, who in a small shore boat saved 2 per- £.. *.d. sons, who were capsized in a pleasure-boat, on the The late JAMES LAMBERT, Esq., of 30th, August, off Bangor, Co. Down. Two others i Alloa 500 0 0 who were in the pleapure-boat were lost. and share of residue. Also 21. to JOHN AUSTIN, assistant coxswain of The late Mrs. MAEr An» GOADSBV, of the Shoreham Life-boat, and 2 pilots of that place, Fallowfietd, Manchester .... 500 0 0 for saving, by means of lines, 4 of tlie crew The late Miss EU.IN MAHKIAND, of of the brigantine Dart, of Shoreham, which was Landsdowne Koad, Netting Hill . 200 0 0 wrecked to the eastward of Shoreham Harbour pier, on the 6th October. This service was per- Reported the transmission to, their stations of formed at some risk, as it was blowing a heavy the Brighton and West Hartlepool No. 2 neir gale at the time. Nine of the crew of the Dart Life-boats. perished. The London, Brighton and South Coast BaiJway Company had kindly promised to grant free THOKSDAY, 3rd December. conveyances over their line to the Brighton new and old Life-boats,— To be thanked. The Chairman of the Institution, in the Chair. Read letter from Mr. E. S. TEGNANDER, of Bead and approved the Minutes of the previous Ockero, Gothenburg, of the 30th October, calling Meeting, and those of the Finance and Corre- attention to his plan of Life-boat.— To be ac- spondence, and Wreck and Reward Sub-Com- knowledged. mittees. Ordered that various works be carried out at Also the Report of the Inspector of Life-boats the Whitehaven and Lossieraouth Life-boat Sta- on his recent visits to Hasborough, Bacton, Pal- tions at an expense of 271/. 15*. ling, Yarmouth, "Winterton, Caister, Gorleston, Lovrestoft, Gorton, PakefieUJ, Kessingland, Paid 3,258/. 18s. Sd. for sundry charges on Southwold, Dunwich, Aldborough, and Thorpe. various Lite-boat Establishments. Also the Report of the Assistant-Inspector of Voted 2U.' 12*. to pay the expenses of the Life-boats on. his visits to Androssan, Ayr, Lossieroonth Life-boat, which during the mght Troon, Irvine, Queenstown, Courtmasherry, of 9-10th November saved the crew of 10 men Trauvara, Blind Strand, Ballycotton, "Xoughal, from the steamer Richmond^ of Aberdeen, which and Ardmore. was wrecked off Lossiemouth during thick. Also the Report of the Second Assistant-In- j weather and a fresh gale from the N.W. specter of Life-boats, on his recent visits to Also III. to pay the expenses of the Filey Life- Lyme Regis, Sidmouth, Exmouth, Teignmouth, boat, which in a strong breeze and heavy surf Brixham, Salcombe, Plymouth, Looe, Fowey, was launched to the assistance of the schooner Mevagissey, and Portloe. Coriana, of Whitby, which on the 12th November, Reported the receipt of l,000f. from Mrs. ASNIE while at anchor in Filey Bay, became leaky and MATHER, of Berwick-on-Tweed, to defray the cost hoisted a signal of distress. Five men (the entire of a Life-boat Station, in memory of her late hus- crew) were brought on shore by the Life-boat band, the boat being named the Charlef Mather. from this vessel, which afterwards stranded. Decided that Sirs. MATIIEK be specially thanked, Also 9/. to pay the expenses of the Kingsdowne and that one of the new Life:boat Stations to be Lite-boat, which on the 13th November went offin formed at East Hartlepool be offered to her. a fresh breeze to the barque Argaum, of Dundee, Also the receipt of the following special con- then ashore on the South Goodwin, and remained tributions since the last Meeting:— by her till out of danger. Also 161.10s. to pay the expenses of theWalmer Proceeds of an Entertainment on the Life-boat, which on the 19th November, about 15th Nov., by the Newport (Mon- 9 P.M., in answer to signals of distress, put off mouth) Histrionic Club, per G. M. to the barque Walsgrief, ashore on the Flats of HCMPHKIES, Esq., additional. . . 30 13 6 the South Goodwin, and remained by the vessel, " R," (Swansea) 30 0 0 in a fresh breeze and cross sea, all night. At Collected at Foo-Chow-Foo, per daylight a steamer got her off the shoal and THOMAS FAIRHCRST, Esq., and G. towed her into port. OLIVER, Esq., additional . . . , 21 10 0 Reported that the Holyhead Life-boat had ren- Collected by Capt. RICHARD BKAINE dered important service to the ship Great Admiral, at Ramsgate (including 2/. from of Boston, which, on the 29th November, at 4 A.M., Mrs. H. BCRTON, being the amount of showed signals of distress, when it was blowing a a reward received for finding a gold strong gale at N.W., accompanied by a heavy bracelet) . . 12 4 6 sea. The Great Admiral had, it was found, parted Ofl'ertory in the Parish Church of one cable, and momentarily expected to part the Ketheravon, Wilts, on Sunday, 15th other. The Life-boat was requested to return Nov., per Rev. W. H. HEAVEN, M.A. into harbour and procure the assistance of a additional 1 15 6 steamer, which she did. Offertory in Harby Church, Melton Voted 6/. 18s. to pay the expenses of the Pad- Mowbray, on 1st. Nov., per Rev. M. stow Life-boat, which saved 5 men from the O. NORM AS, additional ... 128 schooner Hutdali,af Watert'ord, which vessel wa« Collected from the Out Pensioners of lost on the Doom Bar, during a strong N.W. gale, the Birmingham District, in aid of on the morning of the 29th November. FEBRUARY 1, 1875.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 229

Also 36/. 12s. &d. to pay the expenses of the j Ramsey (Jsle of Man) Life-boat, on the night of LIFE-BOAT SEEVICES DURING the 26th November, when she saved the crews of ] two vessels, the Maria, of Preston, and the Lam-el, } THE STORMS OF DECEMBER of Castletown, Isle of Man. There was a fresh ] 1874. gale from the S.S.E. at the time, and the Life- i boat had only returned a short time with the \ DURING the month of December last, the crew of the first wreck, the Maria, which con- most successful and continuous services sisted of 6 men, when she was called out a second time, and had to proceed a considerable distance [ to the shipwrecked that had ever been —three miles north of the harbour—to achieve recorded in the course of one month were the rescue of the crew of the second, that of the ' performed by the Life-boats of the Laurel. The last crew were safely landed at ' 1 A.M. on the 27th November. i NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION. Voted 61.18*. to pay the expenses of the Tyrella To describe them in detail would oc- Life-boat, which on the 29th November, during ' cupy so much space that we can only a south-easterly gale, went off to the hrigantine i present a summary of them; yet would Jjonna Maria, of Belfast, which was wrecked in ( Dundrum Bay. The Life-boat rescued 5 men from it be ungrateful to the brave men who this vessel during the night, anIlfracombe, Kingsgate, cold, alternately drenched by salt water St. Ives, Hayle, Whitby No. I, Hornsea, Scar- and by fresh, and without food or drink, borough, and Winchelsea. Also 31. \0>. to Mr. W. H. STEVENS, Chief Boat- land in an equal or greater state of ex- man in charge of Atherfield Coastguard Station, haustion than the rescued men they have and 5 other Coastguard men, who rescued 3 per- brought safe to land. sons from the smack Ranger, of Fowey, wrecked on Atherfield Ledge on the 25th Oct., during a Others have gone forth in the dark night, strong breeze at S.S.W. when the danger and difficulty of the Also 4i to THOMAS WILLIAMS and 7 other men work before them are doubled, nay, often .of Aberystwith, who put off in a shore boat from that place on the l?th Oct., and rescued 3 men quadrupled, in reply to the distant rocket tcho had been blown out to sea the night before or booming gun from the lightship near from Aberayron, and were in a very exhausted the outlying banks which flank our shore, condition. Also 10?. to the coxswains of the Sunderland and, although in most cases successful, yet Life-boat No. 1 and No. 3, and 8 other men, who having the mortification at times to find, carried a shore boat a mile along shore, and Itanched through a heavy sea to the assistance of on arrival at the spot, that vessel and tile brig Bermuda, of Portsmouth, stranded during crew had been swallowed up together, and a strong S.E. breeze on the 25th Nov. These men that their long hours of risk and exposure had to make three trips off to the Bermuda, even- had been in vain. tually landing the crew of 8 men and the pilot. It was impossible to get the Life-boat to the Such deeds, however, can be but weak- assistance of the Bermuda on account of the ened by any attempts to describe them; •h&llowness of the water over the rocks on which 'the was stranded, and all the Coastguard efforts we therefore leave the following noble list to extend help by rocket-lines had failed. of one month's work of our boats and men to tell its own tale. 230 STATEMENT OF THE SERVICES OF THE LIFE-BOATS OF THE BOTJS

wtck. Site of Wreck. Wind and Weather. Name of Vessel. 1874. Dec. 2 Ireland's Eye Island . N.E., Gale . . . Howth Shore Boat j » 3 : Salthouse, Norfolk .... N.E., Heavy Gale . Ship Peter, of Riga , ., 7 Ayr N.W., Gale . . . Schooner Princess Helena, of Fowey . Ship Jason, of Greenock .... " 8 W., Heavy Gale . . Schooner Carolina, of Amsterdam . . Penarth Roads .... W., Fresh Gale . . Barque Laura Maria, of Dantzic . ,

» J> Chapelrossan, N.B. S.E., Strong Wind . Yacht Ethel, of Dromore . . . . Heavy Sea . . . Seaham Harbour E.N.E., Very Rough Schooner Queen of the Isles, and Brig Conqueror. » 9 Yarmouth Roads . . . N.W., Fresh Breeze . Barque Kingsdowne, of South Shield! Brackelsham Bay, Sussex . W., Heavy Gale . . Barque Haitie'nne, of Rouen . . . Sand Hale, Lincolnshire . N.N.E., Gale . . . Schooner Kathleen, of Lynn . . . Ditto Ditto . Ditto ...... „ „ Ditto Ditto Guernsey N., Hurricane Schooner Old Goody, of Whitstable . . j )> i) Brake Sand . . . N.'S.'W., Ga\e Schooner Marie Felix, of Nantes . . Bamburgh Sands Gale, Heavy Sea . . Barque John George, of Antwerp . . N.W., Heavy Sea . Barque Kingfisher, of ShieWs . . , j> »» N.W., Fresh Gale . Schooner Marie Felix, of Nantes . . »» j» Coatham Reach .... N.E. by E., Gale . Brig Garibaldi, of Cowes .... Saltburn N.E., Gale. . . . SS. Grinkle, of Newcastle-on Tyne . Huttoft, Lincolnshire . . N.E., Violent Gale . Schooner Laurel, of London . . , » j» Wells East Sands . . . N.E., Strong Wind . Brig Domonico, of Genoa . . . . Whitby Sands .... N.E., Gale . . . Schooner Pride, of Southampton . ". r, w Ditto Ditto ... » * *• Bettystown, Ireland S.S.E., Strong Gale . Schooner Earl Gower, of Balbriggan . Cowden S., Strong Wind . . SS. Brighton, of London Lowestoft S., Moderate Gale . Schooner Lady Bassett, of Brixham . Seaford Bay W.S.W., Gale . . Schooner Delight, of Rye . . . . N.E., Fresh Gale Barque Alliance, of London . . . Pakefield Heavy Gale . . . Billiboy Argo of Goole Ditto Ditto Ditto Scarborough S.E., Heavy Sea . . Fishing Coble of Scarborough . . . Wainfleet Flats,Lincolnshire S., Fresh Gale . . Brig Adolphe, of Rochefort . . . Theddlethorpe, Ditto . . S.E., Gale .... Brig Rimae, of Liverpool . . . . S.E., Strong Wind . Steamer Breeze, of Hartlepool . . . > j) Great Yarmouth S., Gale .... Fishing Smack Kosa, of Great Yarmont , 12 Roar Bank, Dungeness N .W., Moderate Breeze Barque Mary A. Way, of Liverpool . Padstow N., Rough . . . Brig Thomas, of Whitenaven . . . ' 13 Cross Sand N.E., Heavy Sea . . Unknown Filey SS E .... » 5) Lizard Lighthouse . N.W., Strong Gale . Lydd, Dungeness . N., Fresh Gale . . S., Strong Gale . . Schooner City of Chester . . ,' 16 Gain . . . . Brig Annie Arby, of Dublin Brig Utility, of Workington. .

)> V Ditto . . . Ditto . Ditto and Brig Annie Arby . . V J» Off Dungeness .... E.S.E Brig Regina, of Sunderland . St. Ives N.N.E., Heavy Gale. ! Schooner Jasper, of St. Ives . " 17 South Bay, Wexford . . N.E., Gale . . . Schooner Favourite, of Dublin . . „ 19 Horse Bank, Lytham . . W.N.W Brigantine Alfred, of Swansea . . Ditto ... Tlittn ! Ditto ", 20 Barber Sand, Norfolk . . i N.E., Strong Wind . Schooner Victoria, of Blyth. . . . : Corton Sand, Suffolk . . 1 Ditto Bri" Sarah, of Whitby . Ditto .... 1 Ditto . . . . Ditto 24 The Lizard . : Strong Wind . . . ; S., Heavy Sea . . 29 Goodwin Sands .... E.S.E., Fresh Breeze Barque Consul Platen, of Stralsund . 30 Alnmouth S.E., Heavy Sea . . Filey N.E., Heavy Sea . . Two Filey Fishing Cobles . . . . 31 Spittal Point .... Strong Wind, DiUo . 1 Sloop Nil Desperandum, of Sunderland

SUMMARY FOR THE MONTH OP DECEMBER, 1874. Number of Lives rescued by Life-boats, in addition to 4 vessels saved by them . . .124 Number of Lives saved by Shore Boats ...... 29 Total number of Lives saved during the month ... 151 Amount of Rewards granted during the Month . £755 5s. Id.

-Ycrff.—It frequently happens, as shown above, that when Life-boats put off in reply to signal iTIOXAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION during the Month of December, 1874. 231

Life-boat Station. Name of Life-boat. Nature of Service. owth Clara Baker ..... 1 man saved. leringham Duncan ...... Found vessel abandoned. Glasgow Workman ... 5 lives saved. ydd David Hulett ..... Rendered assistance. )oe Oxfordshire ...... Remained by vessel. marth George Gay ..... Ditto. >rt Logan Edinburgh and R. M. Ballan- 1 man saved. tyne. imsey Two Sisters ...... Crew assembled. :aham The Sisters Carter, of Harro- Services not required. gate. lister, No. 2 Boys ...... Assisted to save vessel and crew of 9 men. lichester Harbour . Undaunted ...... Remained by vessel. onna Nook ... North Briton, ..... j 3 lives saved. eethorpes ... Manchester Unity. . . . '. Found vessel abandoned. itto Ditto ...... Saved vessel. uernsey . Louisa Hall ...... : Rendered assistance. orth Deal ... Van Kook ...... ; Found vessel abandoned. orth Sunderland . Joseph Anstice ..... H lives saved. imsgate .... Bradford ...... ! 10 ditto. itto Ditto ...... 1 Found vessel abandoned. edcar Burton-on-Trent . ( Crew saved by rocket apparatus. iltburn Appleyard ...... '10 lives saved. itton Birmingham ..... i Services not requited. rells Eliza Adams ..... , Put off, but crew saved by shore boats. 'hitby, No. 2 .. Harriott Forteath . . . . 2 lives saved. itto Ditto ...... ! 8 ditto. rogheda, No. 1 . . Old George Irlam of Liver- Put off, but services not required. pool. ornsea B. Wood ...... Ditto ditto ditto. awestoft, No. 2 • George ...... ,4 lives saved. ewhaven . . . Elizabeth Boys ..... 5 ditto. ew Romney . . Dr. Hatton ...... I 10 ditto. akefield, No. 1 . . The Sisters .... . |: rew saved by rocket apparatus. itto No. 2 ... Henry Burtord, Il.IS. . . j I C J ^^ sarborough ... Lady Leigh ...... ' Put off, but services not required. cegness Herbert Ingram .... Put off, but services declined. lieddlethorpe . . Dorinda and Barbara. . . Put off— services not required. ynemouth, No. 1 . Constance ...... Put off, but found vessel abandoned. real Yarmouth, No. 2 Duff ...... Put off, but services not required. ew Romney ... Dr. Hatton ...... Rendered assistance. idstow Albert Edwnrd .... 6 lives saved. lister, No. 1 . . . Birmingham, No. 2 . . . : Rendered assistance. iley Hollon ...... Crew assembled. izard Anna Maria ..... i Put off, but services not required. David Hulett ..... Put off— crew saved by shore boats. olyhead .. Princess of Wales .... Remained by vessel. fracombe Broadwater ...... 7 men and vessel saved. itto Ditto ...... 5 lives saved. orte Grace Woodbury . . . . Put off, but services not required. ew Romney . . Dr. Hatton ...... Remained by vessel. Lives .,. . Covent Garden ..... Assisted to save vessel and crew of 5 men. rexford No. 1 . i " Ethel Eveleen " . . . . 5 lives saved. ytham Wakefield ...... Put off, and found vessel abandoned. juthport Eliza Fernley ..... Crew assembled. •ister, No. 2 . 1 Boys ...... 5 lives saved. itto Ditto 6 ditto. owestoft, So. 1 . Lfetitia Put off, but services not required. Anna Maria Services not required. ,ye Arthur Frederick . 4 lives saved. Bradford Brought ashore 5 of the crew of the vessel from the i;gnt9nip. Jnmouth John Atkinson Rendered assistance. Hey I Hollon Ditto ditto. erwick-on-Tweed Albert Victor Put off, but found vessel abandoned.

GENERAL SUMMARY OF 1874. umber of Lives rescued by Life-boats, in addition to 15 vessels £• s. d. saved by them ...... 543 tober of Lives saved by Shore Boats, &c ...... 1*0 toount of Rewards to Crews of Life-boats and Shore Boats . . 2,41315 3 ionorary Rewards : — Silver Medals ...... 11 Votes ot'Thanks on Tellum and Parchment . 18 Total 29 713 £2,413 15 3

i, the vessels either get out of danger or their crews are rescued by other means. Royal National Life-Boat Institution, For the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck. aoppoirria* &O&BZ.T BT VOLDNTAHT CONTBI&UTIOHS, « gtost Orations List of the Two Hundred and Forty-three Life-Boat Stations under the Management of the Institution. ENGLAND. South Devon — BMmoutii— Ennonth— | SCOTLAND. Kirkoudbrigrht-Kirkcodbright Holy Island (two boate)—North Sunderland— Cornwall — Dooe — Powey—Mewtgissey— Boulraev— ilnmouth — Hanxley—Gresawell— ; Portloe— Falmonth — Porthoostoctr— Gadgwith WigttonsMre—Whithoro—^Port Logon Nawbiggin—Blyth (two boats)—Cnllercoai* — , —Lizard—SJuUion — Forthleven — Pen/anoe— Ayrshire — Ballantrae — Qirran—Ayr — Tynenurath (two boate) i Sannen Cove—ScUIy Isles—St, Ivee—flavle— Troon—Irvine—Ardroasan I>urbara —Whttbnm—Sonderland (four Keff Qaar~Fadstow-Port ftaao—Bnde Isle of Arran—Kildonau boats)—Seaham— Wart Hartlepooltdy JTavetock, bftrqne, of KtgitM. h»rqne, of Boston— Amelia, screw steamer, of assisted to save vessel and crew 10 17 rtndered assistance. Grwt Admiral, ship, of Bristol L'lura, flfarwi, barqa^of Dant- Richmond, tteamet, of Abec- jdi0ifta, screw steamer, of Dundee IS ; —rendered affinstanee. zic — remained bv vessel. Anna, schooaer, of Prammea, . Grinkle, screw steamer, of taunt, smack, of CaStletown. . 3 Kose, schooner, of Yongbal ... 4 Jarrow 10 Lerry, smack, of Aberdovey.-. S Bj/ersovi, ship, of •Sarmontii, Annie Arby, brig, of DubiiQ — Gutenberg, barque, of Hamburg: Liberal, brigantlns. Of Oolcde*- N.8 — rendered assistance. saved vessel and crew ...... 7 — assisted to save vessel and 0 Sornh M, Dudman, barque, of Argoittn, barque, of Newcastle Linda &lor, briK»ntJne. of Ipft- Yarmouth, N.S. —rendered —remained by teasel. Sftrriet Julia, brigftntine, ot wich —rendere d assistance. assistance. Baltic, schooner, ot Liverpool . 3 Maryport —remained by vessel. Maria, yacht, of Preston 6 Samborough, screw steamer, of Selene, schooner, of Cranz .... 4 Jtfflrt^ Sli&tbeth, sloop, of Hon- Sir William ftdteney, brig, of North Shields 11 Henry, brigantinet of Youghal 5 4 Eeckteilli, brig, of Shields- Hermoisa Sabanero, Spanish Marie, achooner, of St. Valery- Stffcta and TxaheUa, schooner, remained by vessel. 6 of lx)westoft — rendered as- Sette Htar, brigantine, of Tar- J&arie, lugger, of I/annion, sistance. Htddah, schooner, of Waterford 5 Franca — saved ves^et and crew 3 Sgutrrrf, schooner, of Abervst- Bricfc, ketch, of Dunbar 3 Indieti, brig, of Boriieaus 6 Alarianaa, brig, of Bordeftlii— with— saved vessel and crew 5 Camdrn, schooner, of Aberyst- Industry, schooner, of Girvtui. . 3 assisted to save vessel aud ThfanoK, brig, ot Whitehaveii . 6 witb. 4 , Jane Young, barque, of Ardros- 8 Three fishing boats, o( Buckie 17 Carolina* barqne, of Bideford . 5 ; san— assisted to e&ve vessel Mary, smack, of Qrlmsby fi Topaz, schoouer, of Glasgow — Carolina, schooner, of Amster- M.ary Ann, achooner, of St. remained by vessel. dam—remained by vessel. ! Jason, ship, of Greenock — ren- Ives— assisted to save vessel Utility, brie, of WorWrigton . fi Cefesie Hour*, schooner, of Caen 4 dered assistance. 6 Uncos, bi-igantiae, of Stavan- Chiitan, steamer, of Glasgow . . 6 Jasper, schooner, of St. I^es ... 6 MOI-J/ Janet schooner, of Liver- Corinna. schoouer, of Whitby. . 5 Jerome, schooner, of Belfast — 2 T"e)»fw, amacii, of Douglas — DfcKyht, schooner, of Eye 5 j rendered assistance, Mary A. Way, ship, of Liver- Donna JKocid, bi%antine, of Jetsie, schooner, of Blyth 6 pool — rendered assistance. Victoria, schooner, of Blyth ... 5 Belfast 6 John George, bauque, of Antwerp 11 ftTinme, ketch, of Bideford .... V3.lt <&«CoueU,cnaB8eiaax&,o{ DMtirobin, schooner, of Wick . . 6 John and Jenefer, schooner, of ^ Nantes S Elizi Cornish, schooner, of Sun- i Fowey , 5 ISonktoten, ecboonet, from /J- Walfffrief, barqae, of Scarbo- deriand, saved vessel and crew 5 Jbim Barbcmr, ship.of St. John's, 4 rougft — lemained by teasel. Elizabeth, brigantiue, of Kings- I N.B. — ^rendered assistance, New Eagle, billiboy, of Grims- i J, 71. S., schooner, of Barrow. . 5 by — rendered assistance. Total lives saved by Life- Emma Eden, farigtotins, of ! Kaffileen, sloop, of Lynn— saved Newbiggin nahing cobles— ren- boat*, in 1874, in addition to dered assistance. Essex, brig, of Snnderland .... 6 ; Kilda, yacht, ofBelfast— assisted Ocean,ot Macdnff, and Gm'cJing During the flame period Ethel, yacht, of Dramorfi 1 • to stive vessel and crew 5 Star, of Banff, fishing- boats . 30 tbe Institution granted re- Fav>-rite, schooner, of Dublin. . 5 I Einrfi&her, barque, of Shields.. 10 Old Goody, scboouer, of Wbit- wards for saving Lives by Five fishing cobles, of Whitby. 15 Kingsdnwne, barque, of South s(a We— rendered assistance. fishing and other boats .... 170 For&it, ship, of Wln<3.«or, N.S. f Shields — saved vessel and crew 9 Pandora, schooner, ot Ports- —remained by vessel. ) Krona, barque, of Hoganas, Fria, barque, of Blyth — saved ; Sweden — assisted to save vessel 10 THB CoMMTrnre or MASAOBMKNT have to state that daring the past year <1874> the &OTAI, NATIONAL Lir»-BOAT IHBTTTDTION expended £23,460 on varioos Ufe-hoat Establiahmfenta on the Coasts of England, Scotland, and Ireland, in addition to having contributed to the wring of 713 persons from various Shipwrecks on oar Coasts, for which services it granted 29 Silver Medals and Votes of Thanks on Vellom, and pecuniary rewards to the amount of £2,413. The number of Uvea saved eitbe* by the Ufo-boate of the Society, or by special exertions for -which it baa granted Bewarfs, aiae* ito formation, is 32,900; for which Services 91 Gold Medals, SCO Silver ttedate, and £43,600 in cash have been paid in Bewarda, The ezpeaae of a Life-boat, its equipment, tranaporting-camage, and boat-bonae, averages £800, in addition to £70 a-year needed to keep th& estaWiflhment in a state of efficiency. Donations aa4 Anntml Suivcriptiona are eafnmtt? solicited, and will be thankfully received by the Bankers of the Institution, *Mn WOJJs, PaaCTVAL, and Co., 76 Lombard Street; by all tbe other Banken in the United Kingdom; haul by the Secretary, HiOttARp LEWIS, Keq., at the Institution, 14 JOHB STBKBT, ABELPHI, London^ W.fi— FAriwry, 187,^.