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Cyanobacterial Community Patterns As Water Quality Bioindicators Cyanobacterial community patterns as water quality bioindicators Item Type article Authors Soltani, N.; Khodaei, K.; Alnajar, N.; Shahsavari, A.; Ashja Ardalan, A. Download date 01/10/2021 23:18:40 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/37329 Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 11(4) 876-891 2012 Cyanobacterial community patterns as water quality Bioindicators Soltani N.1; Khodaei K.2, *; Alnajar N.1; Shahsavari A.2; Ashja Ardalan A.3 Received: March 2012 Accepted: July 2012 Abstract The main goal of this study was to examine the use of cyanobacteria for evaluating the quality of running water. Accordingly epilithic cyanobacterial communities were collected in Dez River and Ojeyreb drain in south of Iran. Samples were collected in two seasons: autumn and spring. Effective physical and chemical factors on the structure of cyanobacterial communities and the dispersion of the species in relation with them were determined using PCA and CCA analyses. The Shannon-wiener biodiversity index was used to define the species diversity. The concentration of Nitrate as main nutrient had significant increase in Drain stations. A decline in species richness was observed associated with these increases in nutrient load in both seasons in different cyanobacterial community structure. The results indicated that order Oscillatoriales had higher proportion of cyanobacteria species at Drain. The species Oscillatoria chlorina, Chroococcus minor, Phormidium tenue and Lyngbya kuetzingii S had the most positive correlation with nutrient factor. Species Lyngbya infixa and Lyngbya mesotrichia had the most negative correlation with nitrate. Our results confirm the using of cyanobacteria species as indicators for monitoring eutrophication in rivers and define them as water eutrophication bioindicators. Downloaded from jifro.ir at 17:22 +0330 on Wednesday February 14th 2018 Keywords: Cyanobacteria, Drainage, Eutrophication, River, Water quality, PCA __________________ 1- Research Institute of applied Science, ACECR, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. 2- Dept. Geology, Institute of applied Science, ACECR, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran. 3- Dept. Marine Biology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran-North Branch, Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding Author's email: [email protected] 877 Soltani et al., Cyanobacterial community patterns as water quality Bioindicators Introduction Monitoring of eutrophication in running communities have changed from upstream waters caused by anthropogenic activities to downstream of the rivers with physical in these ecosystems, is the first step to and chemical conditions and nutrient load define an efficient water management in the water (Perona et al., 1998; Aboal et program for preservation of these al., 2002; Douterelo et al., 2004; ecosystems. The analysis of microflora Maldonado et al., 2011). Such community structure and defined investigations led to define the bioindicators of water quality is an cyanobacteria as water quality important tool in environmental bioindicators. monitoring programs. First record of using In this study cyanobacterial biological methods to monitor river water community’s structure in Dez River and quality was introduced by Kolkwitz and Ojeyreb Drain, in Khuzestan province Marsson (1908). Many of methods have (Iran) is described in two seasons: autumn been defined to monitor rivers water and spring. Although the quality of Dez quality include employing algae, river are measured in a few papers bryophytes, macro invertebrates and fishes (Khodaie et al., 2006; Khodaie and (Whitton and Kelly, 1995). However, Shahsavari, 2003) this study is the first more recent investigations have record on Iranian river epilithic demonstrated that water quality and cyanobacterial communities and the nutrient concentration in the river waters relationship between the diversity of had the greater effect on the cyanobacterial species and physical and photosynthetic organisms as algae (Kelly chemical conditions of water to determine and Whitton, 1998). With this respect water quality indicators and compared algae such as diatom communities have with universal patterns. been widely used as bioindicators Downloaded from jifro.ir at 17:22 +0330 on Wednesday February 14th 2018 (Whitton and Rott, 1996; Prygiel et al., Materials and methods 1999), and defined as biotic indices such Sampling sites were selected in order to as IBD index (based on diatoms) in the include locations above and below human rivers water quality monitoring programs. settlements and agricultural centers. The It has been found that in special ecosystem research was carried out on seven sites, of some rivers, cyanobacterial dominance including the first site at Dez river branch and cyanotoxic effect on the studied (Dez108) and the other six sites along communities would have lower values Ojeyreb drain at the end of Dez river to than expected (Aboal et al., 2002). These downstream point of this drain nearby the results highlight the necessity of Persian Gulf (Dez103-Dez107, Fig. 1). incorporating corrections in biotic indices Samples were collected two times in 2009, definitions and monitoring programs and including the end of autumn and the end of also to consider the cyanobacterial spring. Dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH communities. In recent studies it is shown and electric conductivity (EC) were that the structure of cyanobacterial measured in situ in each sampling site Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 11(4), 2012 878 - - 2- 3- using portable Multi 350i WTW (NO3 , Cl , SO4 , PO4 ) were analyzed (Germany). according to Standard Methods For Water samples were taken in each Examination of Water and Wastewater, station. Two polyethylene bottles of water (APHA) (1995); by chromatography per station were considered for chemical technique methods, respectively. analysis. Nutrient chemical concentrations Figure 1: Geographical position of sampling sites For sampling of cyanobacterial number of individual cells) in alternate communities in each sampling sites two transects in 16 cm2 surface on Downloaded from jifro.ir at 17:22 +0330 on Wednesday February 14th 2018 stones were collected from a submerged semipermanent slides by light microscopy. part of the river bank. The attached algae The Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index were removed by brushing in 5 ml of (Margalef, 1957) was used to define the medium. Aliquots were transferred on species diversity of algae inhabiting Petri dishes with different solid culture different types of habitats. media (BBM, BG11 and Chu; Andersen, Data were subjected to multivariate 2006). Another aliquot was fixed with statistical analysis. Environment data were formaldehyde 4% for microscopic ordinated using a correlation - based examination. Cyanobacteria taxonomy and principal component analysis (PCA). nomenclature is primarily classified based Relationship between cyanobacterial on the methods of Prescott (1962), abundance and environmental variables of Desikachary (1959), John et al. (2003). sampling periods were analyzed with Their abundance in epilithon samples was canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). evaluated by counting the presence of each Statistical analysis performed with Past species (as cells in filament or equal and SPSS 16 software. In addition, cluster 879 Soltani et al., Cyanobacterial community patterns as water quality Bioindicators analysis was carried out by ward's method G.S. West, Homeothrix juliana and at Euclidian scale by PAST software. Oscillatoria annae in Dez 108, 107 and 106 sites, respectively, L.mesotrichia in Results Dez 105, 104, 103 sites and Oscillatoria OD and pH in Dez River are higher than limentica in Dez 109 sampling site. The drain sites water. No significant difference dominant species in the spring changed to between different drain sampling sites was Microcoleus chthonoplastes (Vaucher) found. However, EC had no significant Gomont, Oscillatoria subbrevis Schmidle difference in all sites, but it had higher and L. mesotrichia in Dez 108,107 and level in the autumn. Greater amount of Cl- 106, Lyngbya limnetica Lemmermann in were detected in the river than drain sites Dez 105 and 103, L.infixa in Dez104 and especially in the autumn. Amount of L.mesotrichia in Dez 109 (Fig. 2). In other sulfate at the autumn was same in all sites view the dominant filamentous but in the spring it shows high decrease in cyanobacteria species in two sampling river water. Phosphate had very low seasons were L.mesotrichia, amount in all sampling sites (not shown). P.angustissimum, O.annae, O.limnetica, These results show high variation in O.subbrevis, H.juliana, L.infixa and physical condition and nutrient content in M.chthonoplastese that the dominance of the river water and drain sites (Table 1). two species O.limnetica and L.mesotrichia Table 2 describes the occurance of species were observed in Dez River and the others in different sampling sites. The dominant were in Ojeyreb drain sites, also non- community of cyanobacteria of these filamentous dominant species were stations is created by 35 species belonging Chroococcus turgidus (Kuetz.) Naegeli, to 13 genera. Oscillatoria (7 species), Ch.minor and Dermocarpa sp.. The Lyngbya (5 species), Phormidium (3 dominance of this species just observed in species), Chroococcus (2 species) and Drain sampling sites. The most abundant Downloaded from jifro.ir at 17:22 +0330 on Wednesday February 14th 2018 Anabaena, Aphanocapsa, Merismopedia , filamentous species were observed is Microcoleus, Nostoc, Plectonema each L.mesotrichia
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