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International 300 N INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. 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These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8510632 Schmidt, Thomas Mitchell INTERACTIONS AMONG THE SULFUR, HYDROGEN, AND CARBON METABOLISMS OF BEGGIATOA ALBA AND A COMPARISON TO THIOTHRIX NIVEA The Ohio State University Ph.D. 1985 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a checkV . mark 1. Glossy photographs or pages^ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or ______print 3. Photographs with dark backgroundy / ' 4. Illustrations are poor copy_______ 5 . Pages with black marks, not original _______copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides_______ of page 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages ^ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost_______ in spine 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct_______ print 11. P a g e (s)_____________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. P a g e (s)_____________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages n u m b ered____________ . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages_______ 15. O ther___________________________________________________________________ _ University Microfilms International INTERACTIONS AMONG THE SULFUR, HYDROGEN, AND CARBON METABOLISMS OF BEGGIATOA ALBA AND A COMPARISON TO THIOTHRIX NIVEA A DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University by Thomas Mitchell Schmidt, B.S., M.S. The Ohio State University 1985 Reading Committee: Approved by: Dr. Patrick R. Dugan Dr. Kathleen E. Kendrick Dr. William R. Strohl Dr. Robert M. Pfister Adviser ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Learning is a tremendous experience. Unfortunately, few people have the luxury of pursuing it full time. I would like to acknowledge some of the people and organizations that have given me such an opportunity. Thanks are due to my adviser, Dr. William R. Strohl, for his encouragement and flexibility throughout my doctoral studies. I thank The Department of Microbiology, especially its chairman, Dr. Robert M. Pfister, and The Program of Environmental Biology for financial support throughout my years in graduate school. Research and study funds were also obtained from grants from The National Science Foundation, The Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and The NASA Microbial Ecology Program. Parts of this work were performed in the laboratories of Dr. Yehud Cohen and Dr. Etana Padan of the Hebrew University. Their work continues to provide me with an example of excellent research. Thanks are also due to Dr. Riccardo Guerrero for his help with the work on Chromatium, and Mr. Jim Porter for his able assistance with the respirometry. I am grateful to Dr. Patrick R. Dugan, Dr. Kathleen E. Kendrick, Dr. Nelson H. Lawry, and Dr. Robert M. Pfister for their critical review of this dissertation. Their questions and comments have surely improved the quality of this document. Without my wife Susan, the completion of this dissertation would have been much less enjoyable; her patience and sense of humor were a welcome refuge during the past three years. Finally, I thank my parents, Phyllis and Eddie, for teaching me that anything is possible. iii VITA NAME: Thomas Mitchell Schmidt SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER: 278-46-6031 DATE AND PLACE OF BIRTH: January 16, 1956. Lorain, Ohio EDUCATION: M.S. Environmental Biology, 1981; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. B.S. Biology, 1978; The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Microbial Physiology and Ecology Sulfur and Hydrogen Metabolism Bacterial Energetics GRANTS AND AWARDS: July 1984 - August 1984. Participant in NASA sponsored research program, "Microbes and the Global Sulfur Cycle," San Jose, California. September 1983 - December 1983. Invited Researcher, The Hebrew University of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel. June 1982 - August 1982. Participant in Woods Hole Microbial Ecology Course. Recipient of stipend for research, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. June 1980 - June 1981. Recipient of Sigma Xi Grant for study on the effects of Ixtoc oil on the sea grass ecology of the Gulf of Mexico. June 1980 - September 1980. Recipient of Explorers Club Grant for on-site research in the Gulf of Mexico. iv INVITED SEMINARS, LECTURES, AND SYMPOSIA: Metabolic Diversity in the Family Beggiatoaceae. The Ohio State University. Columbus, Ohio. October, 1984. Sulfide oxidation by the colorless, filamentous, sulfur bacteria. The Hebrew University of Israel, Jerusalem. November, 1983. Structures of Filamentous Sulfur Bacteria. NASA research program. San Jose, California. July, 1984. PUBLICATIONS and CONTRIBUTIONS IN BOOKS: Strohl, W. R., and Schmidt, T. M. 1984. Mixotrophy of the colorless, sulfide-oxidizing, gliding bacteria Beggiatoa and Thiothrix. In Microbial Chemoautotrophy, W. R. Strohl and 0. H. Tuovinen, (eds). The Ohio State University Press, Columbus, Ohio. Baca, B. J.f Schmidt, T. M., and Tunnel, J. W. 1982. Ixtoc oil in seagrass beds surrounding Isla de Media. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ixtoc 1. In press. Schmidt, T. M. 1981. The uptake of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons by the sea grass Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitacea). M.S. Thesis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. PUBLISHED ABSTRACTS: Sprouse, M. L., Schmidt, T. M., and Strohl, W. R. 1984. Sulfide induced appearance of plasmids in Beggiatoa. Abstract; Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. H 53, p 101. Vinci, V. A., Schmidt, T. M., and Strohl, W. R. 1983. Protein synthesis by Beggiatoa alba. Abstract; Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology I< 191, p 208. Schmidt, T. M., and Castenholz, R. W. 1982. The effects of sulfide on cyanobacterial photosynthesis in marine microbial mats. Biological Bulletin, October. ASSISTANTSHIPS: June 1983 - present. Graduate Research Associate, Deptartment of Microbiology, Ohio State University. January 1981 - June 1983. Graduate Teaching Associate, Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University. September 1980 - December 1980. Research Associate, Program of Environmental Biology, Ohio State University. September 1979 - June 1980. Graduate Teaching Associate, Program of Environmental Biology, Ohio State University. June 1979 - September 1979. Research Associate at Stone Laboratory, Freshwater Biological Station on Lake Erie, Ohio State University. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................ ii VITA ..................................................... iv TABLE OF C O N T E N T S ...................................... vii LIST OF TABLES .......................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES ........................................ x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.................................. xiii CHAPTER I. Introduction ..................................... 1 II. Sulfide and Acetate Oxidation by Beggiatoa alba B 1 8 L D ........................ 12 Introduction ................................ 12 Materials and Methods ....................... 13 R e s u l t s ..................................... 18 Discussion .......... 32 III. A comparison of the sulfur metabolisms of Thiothrix nivea JP3 and Beggiatoa alba B18LD. 41 Introduction ................................ 41 Materials and Methods ....................... 42 R e s u l t s ....................................
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