The State of Bedford Report 2015
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Bedford & District Citizens Advice Bureau The State of Bedford Local Issues Paper Chas Leslie May 2015 1 2 FOREWORD Bedford CAB is an independent charitable organisation that helps people resolve their problems by providing information and advice. As a part of the national Citizens Advice organisation we have been delivering high quality advice and information to local people since the Second World War. We rely heavily on volunteers in order to provide this free service to the public. Over the years we have been in a number of locations around Bedford town centre and moved to our current home in St Paul's Square in 2005. Our core service to the community provides us with a unique, evidence based, view of the problems affecting the community. The core service has worked with over 5,000 people over the past year reacting to debt, benefits and employment issues to name a few. To us it would seem irresponsible to be entirely reactionary. To simply resolve the same problems from often hundreds of clients without attempting to discover the root cause or highlighting it to the government, local authorities and the public would be doing a disservice to the community and our clients. The Research & Campaigns team continuously looks at the problems we see in our bureau and outreaches as well as the wider community for topics which would benefit from either a campaign or to discover the extent of an issue, in order to ensure we are not only reactive but, proactive. This year they have produced this report which highlights the problems affecting the communities in Bedford over the past year. I would like to thank our Research and Campaigns team for the hard work which has been put into producing this report: in particular Chas Leslie who has compiled the report and Jason Taylor our Research and Campaigns Co-ordinator. Yours, Lorraine Gunther Chief Executive Officer Bedford & District Citizens Advice Bureau i ii SUMMARY a This paper presents a picture of Bedford using data from Bedford Citizens’ Advice Bureau (CAB) for the period January - December 2014. (para 1.1) b The CAB has a two-stage process for handling and recording clients and their concerns. This, in turn, influences how the data is recorded and thus analysed and presented in this report. (para 1.3 – 1.7) The Gateway Assessment: When an individual first contacts the CAB with a query, their problem is assessed and a judgement is made about the help they need and who is best placed to provide it. Some issues may be resolved at this level (at least as far as the CAB process is concerned). Enquiries: If the issues are more complex and require more detailed or specialist advice, the client is referred on to a general or specialist adviser and the issue(s) is/are recorded as an Enquiry. c Clients come from all wards in the Borough. 85% of all clients and 90% of all issues dealt with by Bedford CAB came from within Bedford Borough (para 2.1 – 2.2). Cauldwell and Harpur wards alone account for nearly a quarter (23.5%) of all clients. These two plus the Castle, Goldington, Kingsbrook and Queens Park wards provide over a half of all issues (56.8%) and clients (55.7%). This picture of high demand from these few wards correlates closely with the pattern of deprivation in Bedford. (paras 2.4 – 2.6). d The main issues are to do with Benefits and Tax Credits, Debt, Employment, and Housing. Family & Relationships is also a major concern at the Gateway stage (para 2.7 – 2.13) e The most common Benefits issues are of eligibility and entitlement to Housing Benefit and Employment Support Allowance. There is a slightly higher proportion of appeals and challenges for ESA compared to Housing Benefit. ESA generates three times the proportion of issues around poor administration suggesting there is more dissatisfaction with how the ESA process operates than with Housing benefit processes. (para 3.1 – 3.7) f Debt issues most frequently relate to Fuel & Utility bills, rent arrears and council tax arrears. However, this may be due to clients defaulting on these in order to cover other types of debt. Clients with debt issues are most likely to seek advice during January – April (para 4.1 – 4.6). However, there are too many variables to confirm that this is entirely due to the extra costs associated with Christmas: for example it could also be linked to the financial year end in April. g Within the area of Employment advice, the main issues involve people in low paid jobs with concerns about pay, dismissals, disputes (mostly grievances and disciplinary processes), employment tribunals and terms and conditions of employment. Women are much more likely than men to come with issues around parental & carer rights, pay & entitlements and redundancy. Men are more likely to have issues related to dismissal and access to, and applying for, jobs. It is possible that the introduction of fees for Employment Tribunals in 2013 , as a “knock-on effect”, has led to a reduction in Employment issues being brought to the CAB (paras 5.1 – 5.5). iii h Just over half of all Housing issues at the Enquiry stage involve tenants of Housing Associations and the largest single issue is threatened homelessness or eviction. Most of the issues come from tenants of social housing, particularly single or single parent households paras 6.1 – 6.11) i Child care, particularly in terms of costs and flexibility to cover changing and uncertain working hours, is a barrier for parents seeking to return to work (paras 7.2-7.5). J Building repairs and improvements and second-hand vehicle sales are the main areas of Consumer advice, particularly when it comes to seeking redress for poor workmanship or faulty and unsafe vehicles (paras 7.6 – 7.8) k There are clear links between Benefits, Debt, Employment and Housing. Many Debt issues are to do with rent arrears and Housing Benefit is the largest single benefit issue. Those Bedford CAB clients who are in Employment tend to be in low paid jobs and/or part-time work. Thus they may not earn enough to avoid debt and may be dependent on benefits to top-up their earnings (para 8.1 – 8.6). l Overall the picture is of a small but significant proportion of the Borough’s population that has difficulty coping with the situations they find themselves in, either generally because of some long-term disadvantage or vicious cycle; or temporarily because of some change in their circumstances. Most of this, in one form or another, comes down to a lack of money either because They do not know how to claim benefits or what they are entitled to. They cannot manage the money they have. They are in poorly paid jobs. They have so little money they have to make impossible choices (e.g. between rent, fuel or food) iv CONTENTS Page Foreword i Summary iii Contents v 1. Introduction 1 2. The Overall Picture 2 The Client Base 2 Bedford – the overall picture 3 The main issues - Gateway Assessment stage 4 The main issues – Enquiry stage 6 3. Benefits & Tax Credits 8 4. Debt 11 5. Employment 14 6. Housing 17 7. Other Issues 21 Child Care in Bedford 21 Consumer Advice & Protection 21 Health 22 8. Conclusion: a snapshot of Bedford 24 9. Recommendations 25 Appendices 27 Appendix 1: Data Tables 27 Appendix 2: Bedford Areas of Deprivation 39 Appendix 3: Bedford Wards by Geographic area 40 Appendix 4: Other Bedford CAB reports 41 v vi 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 This paper presents a picture of Bedford using data from Bedford Citizens’ Advice Bureau (CAB) for the period January - December 2014, unless otherwise stated. It is intended to give the reader more detailed information about the types of issues Bedford’s residents are struggling to deal with, as experienced by the staff and volunteers of the CAB. 1.2 Parts of this paper focus on the borough as a whole, while others focus on particular wards where there appears to be a concentration of particular issues. Elsewhere, for ease of presentation and to highlight some differences, the wards of the borough have been grouped into three distinct geographical areas (These groupings are also listed by ward in Appendix 3): North & East: Covering the largely rural wards of Bromham & Biddenham; Clapham; Great Barford; Harrold; Oakley; Riseley; Sharnbrook; Wyboston. Kempston & South: covering the largely suburban and semi-rural wards of Eastcotts; Elstow & Stewartby; Kempston Central &East; Kempston North; Kempston Rural; Kempston South; Kempston West; Wilshamstead; Wootton Bedford town: the urban wards that make up the town itself – Brickhill; Castle; Cauldwell; De Parys; Goldington; Harpur; Kingsbrook; Newnham; Putnoe; Queens Park. 1.3 The CAB has a two-stage process for handling and recording clients and their concerns. This, in turn, influences how the data is recorded and thus analysed and presented in this report. 1.4 The Gateway Assessment: When an individual first contacts the CAB with a query, their problem is assessed by a “Gateway Assessor” so that we can record some basic information and make a judgement about the help they need and who is best placed to provide it. It is important to note that the “problem” may consist of multiple issues and these will be recorded separately against the client’s details. Thus, two distinct debts (e.g. a pay-day loan and a bank overdraft) will be recorded as two issues within the same main area (Debt). Similarly a client with rent arrears and threatened homelessness would have the arrears recorded as “Debt” and the homelessness as a “Housing” issue.