ca.uky.edu/equine ❙ TheHorse.com ❙ AUGUST 2017

The center opened its doors June 5, 1987, with a promise to fulfill ­ breeder and ­entrepreneur Maxwell Gluck’s legacy and continue the research and dis- tinguished service in the Department of Veterinary Science, established in 1915, to the equine industry. Profes- sors in the department were already world-renowned for their equine reproduction and infectious disease research contributions. “From its beginning, the Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center has represented a partnership between the and the equine industry,” said David Horohov, PhD, center director and department chair. “This collaborative spirit continues to this day as the mission of the Gluck Center is the scientific discovery, edu- cation, and dissemination of knowl- edge for the benefit of the health and Maxwell and Muriel Gluck pledged a $3 million challenge grant to UK to build a $9 million well-being of horses.” equine research facility. Today the Gluck Center has 20 faculty members conducting equine research in genetics and genomics, immunology, infectious diseases, parasitology, Gluck and his wife, Muriel, pledged pharmacology and toxicology, musculoskeletal science, and reproductive health. a $3 million challenge grant to UK

Courtesy U niversity of Kentu ck y Courtesy to build a $9 million equine research facility on the condition the state and those in the equine industry match UK’s Gluck Center Celebrates the funds. Kentucky Governor John Y. Brown Jr. matched the challenge grant with $3 million in state econom- 30 years of Improving ic development bonds. Other equine industry leaders quickly embraced Horse Health, Well-Being Gluck’s idea and rallied together to make his vision a reality. University he University of Kentucky Brown, DVM, chair of the Gluck President Otis Singletary organized (UK) Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Foundation and a a special advisory committee of Hagyard Equine Medical Institute influential equine industry represen- T Equine Research Center is veterinarian, will host the program tatives led by William S. Farish III, celebrating 30 years of legacy honoring Peter Timoney, MVB, PhD, owner of Lane’s End Farm, to meet service to the equine commu- FRCVS, Gluck Center professor, for his the challenge through a “Support the nity worldwide. lifelong contributions to equine infec- tious disease research. A 30th anniversary research seminar, “I look forward to this milestone 30th In This Issue open house, and celebration dinner anniversary of the Gluck Center and will take place Oct. 12. The seminar the recognition of the contributions will begin at 8 a.m. at the Gluck Cen- of Dr. Peter Timoney throughout his Winterizing Pastures 02 ter, in Lexington, and will feature the career,” said Brown. “The Gluck Center Cluster of PHF Cases in inaugural Teri Lear Memorial Lecture is an internationally recognized center Kentucky 04 followed by an open house. Dinner of excellence in equine research and will begin at 6 p.m. in the Woodford discovery for the benefit of the health of A Visit With the Parasitology Reserve Room at . Stuart horses of all breeds and disciplines.” Research Horse Herds 09

1 Bluegrass Equine Digest ❙ ca.uky.edu/equine ❙ TheHorse.com ❙ August 2017

Gluck Center Anniversary UK College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, and 20 faculty members Masthead conduct research on equine genetics Foundation” campaign. Farish, along and genomics, immunology, infectious ■ University of Kentucky Ag Equine with John Gaines, owner of Gainesway diseases, parasitology, pharmacology Programs Farm; James E. “Ted” Bassett III, and toxicology, musculoskeletal science, Jenny Evans, MFA, co-managing editor and president of Keeneland; Albert G. Clay, and reproductive health. senior veterinary science marketing and owner of Fairway Farm; and Freder- “Over many years, our college and promotion specialist, jenny.evans@uky. ick L. Van Lennep, owner of Castleton Kentucky’s signature industry have edu Farm, raised more than $4.2 million been dependent on each other to do Holly Wiemers, MA, APR, co-managing edi- within a month. what is best for the equine economy,” tor and communications director of UK “This accomplishment could not have said Nancy Cox, MS, PhD, college dean. Ag Equine Programs, holly.wiemers@ been possible without the vision of many “The health and well-being of the horse uky.edu leaders from the equine industry and the underpins the industry. The Gluck ■ Bluegrass Equine Digest University of Kentucky who partnered in building investment was a manifesta- Advisory Board this venture 30 years ago and assembled tion of this interdependency of the such a distinguished faculty to execute university and the industry. While we Bob Coleman, PhD, PAS, associate profes- sor, director of undergraduate studies on the strategy of this equine-focused celebrate the past 30 years, we pledge for equine science and management research center,” Brown said. “Today, we continued dedication to this evolving and extension horse specialist recognize the benefit of this investment industry for many more years.” David Horohov, MS, PhD, chair of UK's across the many areas of cutting-edge re- Additional details about the 30th Department of Veterinary Science search performed by our team of faculty anniversary events, along with ticket and director of the UK Gluck Equine members, under the leadership of Dr. reservation infirmation, are available at Research Center Horohov, as we celebrate the legacy of ukalumni.net/gluck. Michael “Mick” Peterson, PhD, director of this commitment for decades to follow UK Ag Equine Programs and professor in the department of biosystems and in support of the mission to improve >Jenny Evans, MFA, is the senior veterinary agricultural engineering horse heath and well-being.” science marketing and promotion specialist at Ray Smith, PhD, professor and forage Today the Gluck Center is part of the the UK Gluck Equine Research Center. extension specialist in the department of plant and soil sciences Jill Stowe, PhD, associate professor in the department of agricultural economics

Winterizing Pastures Starts in Fall ■ Bluegrass Equine Digest inter is a hard season for horse owners. Water freezes, grass isn’t growing, and Editorial Committee Wmud seems abundant. Winter is also hard on pastures, and a single winter of Craig Carter, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVPM, poor management can undo years of costly improvements. However, there are steps director and professor of the UK you can take to prepare cool-season pastures for winter and improve the pasture’s Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Laurie Lawrence, PhD, professor in chances of weathering the cold season well. the department of animal and food sciences Krista Lea, MS, coordinator of UK’s Horse Fall nitrogen for cool-season pastures is best applied in split Pasture Evaluation Program in the de- applications of 30-40 pounds actual nitrogen per acre. partment of plant and soil sciences Martin Nielsen, DVM, PhD, Dipl. EVPC, ACVM, associated professor at the UK Gluck Equine Research Center

■ The Horse: Your Guide To Equine Health Care Erica Larson, News Editor Brian Turner, Layout and Design

The Bluegrass Equine Digest is a registered trademark of the University of Kentucky Ag Equine Programs and Gluck Equine Research Center. The Bluegrass Equine Digest is produced by the University of Kentucky in partnership with TheHorse.com and sponsor Zoetis. It is published monthly to provide up-to-date information on equine research from the University of Kentucky’s College of Agriculture, Food and Environment. Research material is meant to be shared. However, materials are copyrighted and require reprint permission from UK Ag Equine Programs. Past issues of the Bluegrass Equine Digest

Courtesy U niversity of Kentu ck y Courtesy are available at www2.ca.uky.edu/equine/bed.

2 Bluegrass Equine Digest ❙ ca.uky.edu/equine ❙ TheHorse.com ❙ August 2017

Winterizing Pastures

Fall is an excellent time to submit a soil sample to your county extension agent or agricultural dealership for analysis and apply lime, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer based on the results. You generally won’t see nitrogen on your sample results as it does not persist in soil, but that doesn’t make it any less important to maintaining a healthy pasture through the winter.

Fall Nitrogen Applications A fall nitrogen application is a simple and relatively inexpensive step that can have big impacts down the line. Nitro- gen is known to have the single greatest U niversity of Kentu ck y Courtesy impact on plant growth, which is why Consider using a designated sacrifice area for turnout and hay-feeding to protect pastures during the winter. hay producers apply it in the spring and summer to boost yield. However, will likely not be as busy. are unable to recover from grazing or the goal of pasture management isn’t Fall nitrogen for cool-season pastures traffic. However, horses will continue to necessarily producing as much forage as is best applied in split applications of graze plants even after they go dormant. possible, but producing enough and to 30-40 pounds actual nitrogen per acre Repeated grazing of dormant plants and produce it when it’s needed. in September or October and again in hoof traffic can damage pastures, killing Low nitrogen application rates in the October or November. For the transition plants and thinning the stand. fall will not result in significant growth zone, this is generally in late September Ideally, sacrifice areas are armored increases, but will encourage plants or early October and again in November.­ with geotextile fabric, rock, and dense to build root reserves. This will allow Late summer or early fall applications grade aggregate to keep dry footing un- grasses to stay active longer into the can boost newly seeded grasses, but der horses all winter long. However, sac- winter, survive the potentially harsh could also boost still-active warm- rifice areas do not have to be armored. conditions better, and green up earlier season grasses, such as nimblewill and If a pasture is already in poor health and in the spring. All of these things can crabgrass. Nitrogen uptake by cool-sea- slated to be improved the following year, result in more winter and early spring son grasses will be minimal after a hard it might be beneficial to designate it as a grazing and, as a result, less need for freeze (<20°F) and is not recommended. sacrifice area to protect other healthier supplemental hay. Check with your local county extension pastures. These benefits are not limited to the agent for timing recommendations. winter and early spring months, how- Organic nitrogen sources, such as ma- Take-Home Message ever. Stronger plants are more likely to nure, are excellent fertilizers, but won’t Preparing pastures for winter can spread new tillers and fill in areas left have as much benefit on fall pastures, help minimize the impacts of horses bare by annual weeds or grasses. because nitrogen is bound to organic and harsh weather, allowing managers In one study, UK researchers found matter and requires warm temperatures to protect their investments in pasture that applying just 30 pounds of nitrogen to break down. Use highly soluble nitro- improvements, reduce hay feeding, and twice in the fall increased grass cover gen sources, such as urea or ammonium strengthen pastures for spring and sum- by nearly 20% the following spring, nitrate, for fall applications. mer grazing. compared to those areas not fertilized or only fertilized once. Other Tips >Ray Smith, PhD, forage extension special- Thick grass stands shade out weeds This fall, consider prepare a desig- ist, and Krista Lea, MS, UK Horse Pasture and reduce summer weed pressure, nated sacrifice area for winter turnout Evaluation coordinator, both of UK’s Depart- especially for annuals such as crabgrass and hay-feeding to protect pastures. ment of Plant and Soil Sciences, provided this and ragweed. Larger root systems help When pastures aren’t growing, they information. grass stands better survive summer droughts because they can access more water in the soil. Further, fertilizer ap- Additional References and Resources plications are generally easier to do in ■ Late Fall Nitrogen Fertilization For Cool-Season Grasses the fall. In most areas, fall is dryer than sites.ext.vt.edu/newsletter-archive/cses/2003-11/latefall.html spring, making getting equipment onto ■ Schwer, Smith, Huo, Keene, Lourie, Roberts and Morrison. Late Fall Nitrogen Applications for Horse fields easier and less destructive. Finally, Pastures. American Forage and Grassland Council, June 2009. nitrogen prices might be cheaper in fall ■ Soil Sampling and Nutrient Management in Horse Pastures than in spring and summer, and farm uky.edu/Ag/Forage/agr200.pdf supply stores and custom applicators­

3 Bluegrass Equine Digest ❙ ca.uky.edu/equine ❙ TheHorse.com ❙ August 2017

Cluster of Potomac Horse Fever Cases Confirmed in Kentucky

eterinarians in Central of the UKVDL Disease Map- VKentucky have con- ping Initiative, said the labo- firmed more than two dozen ratory has conducted three cases of Potomac horse fever necropsies confirming PHF. (PHF) in area horses so far “Typically June, July, and in 2017. At press time, eight August are the months for have been diagnosed since the most cases of PHF, yet the beginning of August. it can be seen throughout The UK Veterinary Diag- the spring, summer, and nostic Laboratory’s (UKVDL) fall,” Smith said. “We aver- Equine Disease Maps age seven cases per month

indicate four cases were during the summer for PCR ck . c om isto diagnosed in May, nine in testing and average one to Horses can be exposed to PHF’s causative agent by inadvertently ­ June, and nine more in July. two per summer month in ingesting aquatic insects infected with flukes carrying the bacteria or Most of the affected horses necropsy.” by drinking flukes directly from rivers or streams. have been from Fayette Bryan Waldridge, DVM, County, with other cases MS, Dipl. ABVP, ACVIM, watch their horses closely risticii, an organism found being confirmed in horses of Park Equine Hospital for signs of disease and alert in some flukes (a wormlike from Woodford, Bourbon, at Woodford, in Versailles, veterinarians of suspicious parasite) that infect aquatic Harrison, Scott, and Taylor Kentucky, who has treated signs as soon as possible. snails and insects (such as counties. many PHF cases over the Smith said PHF’s fatality caddisflies and mayflies). In addition to performing years, agrees and said he rate ranges from 5–30%, and Horses can be exposed by in- PCR diagnostic testing on expects additional cases to horses treated early in the advertently ingesting aquatic samples from live horses, be confirmed throughout course of disease might have insects infected with flukes Jacqueline Smith, PhD, MSc, August. a better chance of surviving. carrying the bacteria or by BSc, Dipl. AVES, UKVDL Keeping this in mind, area Potomac horse fever is drinking flukes directly from epidemiologist and founder owners are encouraged to caused by Neorickettsia rivers or streams. However, even horses residing far from water bodies aren’t out UK A L UMNI spotlight of PHF’s reach. “I’ve seen this in race- horses, and there was a Natalie Heitz report of Potomac at a Min- nesota show barn, as well,” Originally from Louisville, Kentucky, Natalie Heitz is a 2012 graduate of UK’s Waldridge said of horses Equine Science and Management program and previous president of the UK contracting PHF without Club. residing near natural water Heitz grew up interested in horses, taking riding lessons and visiting race- sources. “Pole lights (near tracks with her grandmother, a handicapper. Once Heitz came to UK, she had barns) or big lights on barns virtually unlimited access to horse farms. Her first job on a farm was at UK’s will attract the flies. The flies Maine Chance Farm, followed by Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, then Dixi- can then get into horses’ ana Farm, all in Lexington. water buckets, feed troughs, After graduation, Heitz entered the prestigious Godolphin Flying Start program, formally Darley Flying and hay, and the horses can Start, where she traveled the world learning about various aspects of the Thoroughbred industry. After consume them that way. completing the two-year program, Heitz entered veterinary school at Auburn University, where she is on There’s, for sure, a role in track to graduate in May 2018 and become an equine veterinarian. having lights on your barn. Heitz is currently one of eight student residents at Auburn’s teaching veterinary hospital. Those resi- “I’ve seen (PHF) on farms dents work the emergency shifts and assist with bloodwork, initial exams, communicating with the on-call where the horses never drink veterinarian, completing paperwork, and speaking to the owner. water that doesn’t come out In July, Heitz returned to UK for two weeks to work with Laurie Lawrence, PhD, professor in UK’s Depart- of a spigot, and the farm I’m ment of Animal and Food Sciences, to learn more about equine nutrition. During those two weeks, she had thinking of had the worst the opportunity to visit with several trainers about their feeding practices, study the types of supplements Potomac I’ve ever seen,” he available for horses, and attend the American Association of Equine Practitioners’ Colic Symposium. added. Asked what advice she had for current equine science and management students, Heitz said, “Take any Also complicating diagno- opportunity you get, no matter how small. It, along with hard work, will pay off.” sis is the fact that PHF has been known to yield highly >Alexandra Harper, MBA, is the operations and communications coordinator at the UK Ag Equine Programs. variable clinical signs. Smith

4 Bluegrass Equine Digest ❙ ca.uky.edu/equine ❙ TheHorse.com ❙ August 2017

Potomac Horse Fever signs appear to resolve ini- ­somewhere tially, the situation can still you don’t have take a rapid downturn. stalls or feeding said signs owners should “The horse can be back implements.” watch for include acute to almost being normal,” He also said onset fever, depression, de- he said. “Within 24 hours, that, although creased appetite, mild colic- you might as well have been horses can be like signs, watery diarrhea, pouring distilled water in exposed to the edema (fluid swelling), and, their left ear. You never causative agent later in the course of disease, know. That’s just the thing in the absence acute laminitis. with Potomac … you just of a natural However, not all affected hope you’ve got a wimpy water source, ck . c om isto horses develop all these strain that you’re going to keeping horses Horses don’t have to live near water to contract PHF. Barn lights can attract flies, which then get into signs. get with a dose or two of away from horses’ water buckets, feed troughs, and hay and “The signs are so vague,” oxytet. ponds, streams, subsequently into the horse. Waldridge said. “The two “The bad ones, it’s a six- and other water you hear about most are lane highway to hell treating bodies could help reduce that don’t end with a healthy fever and going off feed— them. It just seems like no their risk of inadvertently in- horse. those are usually the first matter what you do you’re gesting contaminated insects “It’s my most-hated dis- things you see.” not getting anywhere.” and snails. ease,” he said. “Every year However, he said he’s While PHF can, indeed, be Finally, “Keep water I swear I’m not going to let already had a case this year challenging to prevent, own- troughs and buckets free and it get the best of me. There’s in which the horse never ers can take steps to reduce clear of bugs,” he said. always at least one horse a developed a fever. And in the horses’ risk of consuming Chances are, Central Ken- year that just tortures you— past, he’s had cases that have infected insects and snails. tucky veterinarians will still you’ve done everything right, never had diarrhea. “Try not to put pole see their share of PHF cases and then it still gets you.” “It definitely appears to be lights over feed and wa- this year. But Waldridge said a strain-related disease,” he ter troughs,” Waldridge they’ll face each one head- >Erica Larson is the news editor said. “How lucky or unlucky recommended. “Put lights on and learn from the ones for The Horse. you get and how sick the horse gets in the end de- pends on which strain ends up infecting the horse.” To Vaccinate or Not? Should a horse contract Walk into most barns, and you’ll hear owners “wishing” for some ailments over others when their PHF, treatment centers horses aren’t healthy: around intravenous oxytet- “Pray for an abscess!” racycline administration for “I hope she’s just a little dehydrated and not colicking badly.” several days. “That leg’s just a little stocked up from standing in the stall … right?” “If given early in the clini- One thing you won’t hear them hoping for is Potomac horse fever (PHF). In fact, many owners go to cal course of the disease, a great lengths to protect their horses from contracting this potentially deadly disease. One option is vac- response to treatment is usu- cination with one of the inactivated whole-cell vaccines on the market. ally seen within 12 hours,” “Although vaccination has been reported to protect 78% of experimentally infected ponies, it has Smith said. “This is associ- been marginally protective in the field,” said Jacqueline Smith, PhD, MSc, BSc, Dipl. AVES, University of ated with a drop in rectal Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory’s (UKVDL) epidemiologist and founder of the UKVDL Disease temperature, followed by an Mapping Initiative. “Vaccine failure has been attributed to antigenic and genomic heterogeneity among improvement in demeanor, the more than 14 different strains isolated from naturally occurring cases.” appetite, and borborygmal In other words, the different virus strains are all unique, and protection against one strain won’t (gut) sounds. necessarily afford protection against another. “In animals that exhibit­ “Furthermore, vaccine failure may also be due to lack of antibody protection at the site of exposure, signs of enterocolitis (in- because the natural route of transmission has been determined to be oral ingestion of the agent,” she flammation of the small added. intestine and colon), fluids While some veterinarians recommend vaccinating, Bryan Waldridge, DVM, MS, Dipl. ABVP, ACVIM, of and non-steroidal anti- Park Equine Hospital at Woodford, in Versailles, Kentucky, said it’s not one of his go-to products. inflammatory drugs should “I don’t routinely recommend it,” he said. “I’ve seen horses on farms where the owners vaccinate, be administered,” she added. and those horses still get sick.” “Laminitis is more common Like Smith, he said it comes down the bacterial strain. If vaccinated horses are exposed to the spe- than in other causes of en- cific strain in the vaccine, effective protection is more likely. If they’re exposed to a different strain, it’s terocolitis and, if it develops, less likely to afford protection against the disease, Waldridge said. is usually severe and often Still, some veterinarians recommend the vaccine for at-risk horses. Discuss your horse’s risk level refractory to treatment.” and whether vaccination is appropriate with your veterinarian.—Erica Larson Waldridge also cautions that even if a horse’s clinical

5 Bluegrass Equine Digest ❙ ca.uky.edu/equine ❙ TheHorse.com ❙ August 2017

serious injuries,” said lead Humans Might researcher William Gombeski Jr., MPH, MBA, senior advisor Be to Blame for at UK HealthCare. In a 2007 study, research- Some Horse- ers showed that horse-related injuries seem inevitable, even Related Injuries to the most safety-conscious equestrians. Out of 679 ecent study results suggest that equestrians, 81% had experi- Requestrians can reduce the enced one riding injury while number of injuries—and, thus, doc- 21% had experienced a severe tor and emergency room visits and injury requiring surgery, hos- ­hospitalizations—through increased pitalization, or rehabilitation. ck . c om isto awareness and education about other In their recent study, Accidents involving poor handler judgement were considered peoples’ role in horse-related injuries. Gombeski and colleagues eval- 60% preventable by riders and experts. “While we tend to be very aware of uated data collected through what our horse and other horses are do- rider-submitted forms to SaddleUp severity of horse-related injuries. Of 266 ing, we tend to pay less attention to the SAFELY, an initiative from UK and cases of injured equestrians, 16% were riders and others around us, which can 40 medical and equine organizations caused by other people; of those, 63% lead to unexpected accidents and more seeking to reduce the frequency and were considered preventable by riding safety experts, and 51% were consid- ered preventable by the injured party. Because 44% of human-generated injuries led to hospitalization com- UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY pared to 21% caused by other factors, the researchers theorized that human- Ag Equine Programs generated accidents cause more serious medical problems than nonhuman- Top-notch, interdisciplinary undergraduate generated accidents. The team also and graduate education, world-class equine found that advanced/professional riders research and unmatched service to the equine were more at risk for human-caused ac- cidents, possibly because they are more industry since 2005 ― all in one place. likely to provide lessons and supervise It starts with us. other riders with less experience. The team grouped the injuries into five categories: The horse is at the heart ■ Not using equipment correctly (con- sidered 90% preventable by riders of everything we do. and safety experts); ■ The handler using poor judgment (considered 60% preventable by rid- ers and experts); ■ Poor public understanding of horse behavior (considered 33% prevent- able by riders and 25% by experts); ■ Misleading or no information shared (considered 75% preventable by rid- ers and 100% by experts); and ■ Poor riding behavior/etiquette (con- sidered 50% preventable by riders and 25% by experts). To combat injuries caused by others,

ck . c om isto Gombeski recommended farms host training sessions and regular discus- sions to review common situations that lead to injury and that participants develop solutions to these scenarios. equine.ca.uky.edu The College of Agriculture, Food and Environment is an equal opportunity organization. >Sarah Evers Conrad is an equestrian journal- ist and president of All In Stride Marketing, in Lexington, Kentucky.

6 Bluegrass Equine Digest ❙ ca.uky.edu/equine ❙ TheHorse.com ❙ August 2017

Page Rejoins UK Gluck Center’s Disease Mapping Initiative Featured Map Immunology Group

he Gluck Equine Research Center recently welcomed Necropsy Data Tback Allen Page, DVM, PhD, as a scientist and veterinar- ian. Page completed his doctoral degree in the UK Depart- The UKVDL recently began making necropsy data available ment of Veterinary Science in 2013. on demand. Choose the species and disease you are interested in and Page decided to return to UK in April after working for get a trend chart and geographic distribution map based on the USDA for more than two years because he enjoyed the your choices. This lets you see what you are interested in, what collaboration with colleagues he had worked with during we have diagnosed at the laboratory, and where the necropsy his previous five years at the Gluck Center. He particularly originated. enjoyed the challenge of research that the Gluck Center has Individuals with questions or concerns about disease out- to offer. breaks can contact UKVDL at 859/257-8283. “I think that as somebody who has been working with horses my whole life, it is something that interests me as >Jacqueline Smith, PhD, MSc, BSc, Dipl. AVES, UKVDL epidemiol- of means of helping the horses and owners from a welfare ogist and adjunct professor of epidemiology at Lincoln Memorial aspect and performance aspect,” he said. University, is the founder of the UKVDL Disease Mapping Initia- Page’s current multifaceted role at the Gluck Center is as a tive, a database designed to record all infectious disease cases scientist and veterinarian working with David Horohov, PhD, submitted to the UKVDL. chair of the Department of Veterinary Science and director of the Gluck Center. Page manages the laboratory and is also the department’s clinical veterinarian, a role that has him NECROPSIES BY COUNTY oversee the veterinary care of the department’s 300 horses. 2010 - Present He also has a small appointment working for the univer- sity’s attending veterinarian and serves as an alternate member on the Institutional Animal Care and Use Com- mittee, where he will help review protocols and conduct site inspections for research 0k 2.5k 5k 7.5k 10k projects. Before he left UK, Page was NECROPSY DATA involved in a study examining

Courtesy U niversity of Kentu ck y Courtesy inflammation in racehorses and picked the research back up when he returned. He and others in the laboratory are trying to develop an easy-to-run test that will give veterinar- ians and researchers an idea whether horses could be at risk for injury. The laboratory has also used the test to look at young horses, primarily 2-year-olds in training, to determine how fit they are and if they are responding appropriately to increased training. This is important to the industry because it could potentially help prevent horses from suffering ca- NECROPSY TRENDS reer- and life-ending injuries. Page recently completed a preliminary collaborative 350 project with researchers from Lincoln Memorial University 300 (LMU), in Harrogate, Tennessee, where they examined the 250 effect of stabling versus pasture management on horses and the effect the management protocols had on lipids or surfac- 200 tant (the material that lines the alveoli, or air sacs) in their 150 lungs. Future collaborative studies with LMU might include looking at the effects of long-term stabling on horses with 100 asthma. This research is important to the industry because 50 barns are typically dusty, dirty, and can exacerbate asthma in NUM B ER O F CASES 0 those horses. JAN OCT JULY APR JAN OCT JULY APR JAN OCT JULY He is also currently overseeing a pilot study looking at the 2010 2010 2011 2012 2013 2013 2014 2015 2016 2016 2017 longevity and the effect of different equine herpesvirus-1 ■ Trend (EHV-1) vaccines on horses’ immune response. Because it can cause abortions in pregnant mares and potentially See each month’s featured map at vdl.uky.edu/FeaturedMap deadly neurologic deficits in all horses, EHV is a disease of

7 KEEP YOUR HORSE IN THE PICTURE.

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Allen Page Page has a bachelor’s degree in animal postdoctoral studies where his efforts science and veterinary degree from Uni- primarily involved work with Lawsonia versity of California, Davis. He complet- intracellularis, a bacterial disease of interest to many in the equine industry. ed a yearlong internship with Hagyard weanling and yearling horses. Page and colleagues are studying the Equine Medical Institute, in Lexington, duration of immunity and how long Kentucky, after he graduated from >Katie Lampert is a marketing and com- horses’ immune cells respond appropri- veterinary school. He then came to UK munications intern at the UK Gluck Equine ately following EHV-1 challenge. and completed his doctoral degree and Research Center.

A Visit to Maine Chance Farm With UK’s Parasitology Team: An Experience to Remember

Maddie Regis, a marketing senior and communications and alumni relations student intern with UK Ag Equine Programs, spent a morning with the parasite research horse herds and the scientists that study them. Here, she shares her experience.

very Wednesday morning, Martin Nielsen, DVM, PhD, EDipl. ACVM, Dipl. EVPC, professor in the parasitology laboratory at the UK Gluck Center, and his group of gradu- ate students venture to the university’s Maine Chance Farm to collect samples from their research horse herd. I was lucky enough to have the opportunity to go with them. Lampert Katie The group met at the Gluck Center promptly at 7 a.m. and Above: Dr. Gene Lyons remains active in parasitology research. then headed out to Maine Chance Farm. Their job was not Below Left: Dr. Martin Nielsen says he enjoys spending time with his research horses. the most glamorous in the world—they go to the farm to col- Below Right: The Miniature Horse herd harbors multidrug-resistant para- lect fecal samples from a herd of full-size horses as well as a sites, allowing researchers to study different treatments’ effects. herd of Miniature Horses. However, the fecal samples and the research they’re involved in are important for horses around the world. Nielsen said these herds are unique: The full-size horse herd has not been de- wormed since 1979, and the Miniature Horse herd has existed since 1974. Both herds were established by Gene Lyons, PhD, professor in the Gluck Center, along with his research companion and former chair of the Veterinary Science

department Hal Drudge, PhD. Lampert Katie M addie R egis “These herds represent a remarkable resource for our research program, and they were a main rea- and validate our diagnostic tests. We also collect the parasites son why I chose to move from Denmark to Kentucky and start and study their DNA and genes to learn more about how drug working at UK,” Nielsen said. “What an incredible foresight resistance may develop.” demonstrated by these esteemed gentlemen four decades ago. While the horse herd provides plenty of information for Dr. Lyons remains a very active part of this research today.” the future of parasitology, the Miniature herd helps address a Indeed, Lyons was the first person to arrive at the farm on common problem, Nielsen said. the day of my visit, and he works tirelessly in and out of the “The Miniature herd has been treated with regular paste lab to care for the horses and produce research results. dewormers following typical treatment programs over Both herds are influential in parasitology research for a the decades,” he explained. “As a result, these Minis have variety of reasons. ­multidrug-resistant parasites, just like we find on many horse “The horses have substantial parasite burdens, but they farms across the world. With this herd, we are testing various are remarkably healthy, so that is interesting,” Nielsen said. treatment protocols to identify the best and most sustainable “Perhaps we don’t need to deworm as much as we tend to do. deworming strategy in face of all the drug resistance. Right In recent years, we have used this herd to develop and validate now, we are evaluating different combinations of existing new diagnostic methods for important parasites. We collect products to see if some of these may be useful in the short- samples from these horses and use these to tweak, optimize, and long-term.”

9 Bluegrass Equine Digest ❙ ca.uky.edu/equine ❙ TheHorse.com ❙ August 2017

Maine Chance Farm hanging out with them and getting to lot of opinions! know their personalities. When I started I helped herd them over to the sam- working here, a lot of the older mares pling shed and, at first, they just stood Nielsen and his group begin by had not been handled much and they there, deciding they did not want to sampling the full-size horse herd, which were quite nervous about everything. move. Finally, however, they took off involves moving the horses from their Now, they have all turned into sweet- as fast as their little legs could carry large field into smaller paddocks and hearts and have become very comfort- them. Getting to watch a large herd of then bringing them into the barn to be able with our procedures.” Miniature Horses gallop across a field sampled. Many of the herd members Foals, of course, are very popular, is pretty unique and very entertaining. are foals, and it was quite a sight to especially with Nielsen’s students. The Minis were very good for their sam- see the researchers trying to get all the “We spend a lot of time with the foals pling, although they were very happy mothers and babies organized when to get them used to wearing a halter when they got to gallop back to their they decided they wanted to play. On and to be brought in and out of the field again. the day of my visit, a foal had been barn,” he said. “This exercise is very After the Miniature herd returned to born earlier that morning, which was popular with my students, and I see lots their field, it was time to pack up and an extra special treat. When I got to of selfies being taken while doing this.” head back into town until the next time interact with these horses, it was easy to When all the samples had been col- the group comes out to visit the herd see why Nielsen and his team consider lected, the researchers turned the hors- and collect samples. going to the farm the highlight of their es back out (some of the horses showed Spending a morning at Maine Chance week. their enthusiasm during this part!) and Farm watching Nielsen and his team “I am a horse enthusiast, so for me it then it was on to the Miniature herd. was a wonderful experience. It is clear is just such a special treat to get out of Nielsen describes this herd accurately they all care about the horses very the office and labs and get to hang out when he says they have a lot of person- much and are passionate about the with ‘my’ horses,” he said. “We enjoy ality. For such tiny horses, they have a research they’re doing.

UK Horse Pasture the interns but also mem- bers of the horse industry on Evaluation the importance of pastures. Program Benefits Knowledge of pasture forag- es is important as some spe- Students, Farms cies, like endophyte-infected tall fescue, could negatively n equestrian for the impact broodmare and foal past 15 years, UK junior health.

A tura l Communi c ations Anna Intartaglio loves every- “A well-managed pas-

thing about horses. It’s no A gri c u l ture provides a lot of the surprise she jumped at the feed and nutrition for the chance to spend her summer horse,” Smith said. “Having conducting research that’s the ground covered in grass meaningful to the industry. U K P ratt, Katie rather than bare places and Anna Intartaglio, left, and Kelly Hagan conduct a pasture evaluation on a As an intern in the UK Horse Central Kentucky horse farm. dirt allows for good footing Pasture Evaluation Program, and safety.” she has gained a deeper un- forage extension special- Kelly Hagan, a Nicholasville, Smith and Lea train the derstanding of the industry ist, and Krista Lea, MS, Kentucky, native and senior interns in forage and weed she loves so much. program coordinator, the in- at Asbury University, in identification. Then, the “This summer internship terns work with farm owners Wilmore, Kentucky, is one students spend the summer has been really fascinating,” and managers to provide in- of those students. A biol- going to farms and analyzing said Intartaglio, a Green- depth pasture analysis with ogy major, she is studying the forage species and weeds town, Pennsylvania, native. the ultimate goal of keeping alfalfa growth for her senior in pastures. Once the analy- “I’ve been learning so much horses safe and healthy and research project. sis is complete, they and Lea about pastures, horse nutri- increasing farms’ efficiency “Being able to go out and present the results, along tion, pasture management, and productivity. do the work and then come with short-term and long- and farm management.” Interns can apply to the back and put the data in term pasture management She is just one of a few se- program from any U.S. and see the differences gets recommendations, to farm lect students chosen for the college or university. In me really excited,” she said. owners, managers, and staff. competitive summer intern- addition to conducting “We’re doing work, and Since the program began in ship program in the UK Col- research for area farms, changes are happening. It’s 2005, more than 200 farms lege of Agriculture, Food and many students use it as an fun to see the results.” and more than 30 student in- Environment. With guidance opportunity to do inde- The program is an oppor- terns have participated. from Ray Smith, PhD, UK pendent research projects. tunity to educate not only “Several of the interns

10 Bluegrass Equine Digest ❙ ca.uky.edu/equine ❙ TheHorse.com ❙ August 2017

Horse Pasture Evaluation Stay Socially Connected to UK Ag Equine Programs have actually fallen in love with for- The UK College of Agriculture, Food and Environment has several equine- age production and have gone on to do related social media pages featuring the latest news and event information. graduate school with us,” said Lea, who also started in the program as a sum- Follow us on Twitter: mer intern before advancing to her cur- UK Ag Equine Programs: @UKAgEquine rent position. “They have chosen to do UK Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center: @UKGluckCenter forage research long-term. We have sev- NEW!! UK Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory: @UKVDL eral that have actually changed courses because of this program. The other ones Prefer Facebook? Like these pages we administer: that don’t, even if they continue on to UK Ag Equine Programs An overarching framework for all things equine whatever they want to do, they still have at UK, including the undergraduate degree program, equine-related student a much better appreciation for the ag community.” organizations, equine research, and outreach activities. UK Equine Alumni A community established for the alumni of UK’s equine >Katie Pratt is an agricultural communications programs, including ESMA, graduate students, and club and team members. specialist at UK. UK Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center The Gluck Center’s mis- sion is scientific discovery, education, and dissemination of knowledge for the benefit of the health and well-being of horses. NEW!! UK Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory The UKVDL’s mission is to UK Gluck Center to develop and apply state-of-the-art diagnostic methodology to improve animal health and marketability, to protect the public health, and to assist in the pres- Host Fifth USDA-NIFA ervation of the human-animal bond through the principles of One Health. Symposium on Equine UK Horse Pasture Evaluation Program A service program offered to Ken- tucky horse farms with the goal of overall improved pasture management. Arteritis Virus Saddle Up SAFELY A rider safety awareness program sponsored by UK Research Outcomes HealthCare; the UK College of Agriculture, Food and Environment; and com- munity organizations. It aims to make a great sport safer though education he Gluck Equine Research Center about safe riding and horse handling practices. Twill host the fifth and final year of a USDA-NIFA-AFRI (National Institute of Food and Agriculture-Agriculture of arthropod-borne diseases of horses Examiners for veterinarians and vet- and Food Research Initiative) grant and other livestock will speak at the erinary technicians; CE sheets must be awarded in 2012 titled, “Identifica- symposium. signed at the meeting to receive credit. tion of genetic factors responsible for This symposium is for equine veteri- Register for the symposium at establishment of equine arteritis virus narians, farm managers, extension staff, 2017eavsymposium.eventbrite.com. carrier state in stallions,” on Nov. 10 at equine scientists, equine industry lead- Individuals with questions can contact the Griffin Gate Marriott, in Lexington, ers, horse owners, scientists from other Jenny Evans at [email protected] or Kentucky. departments on campus, faculty, post- 859/218-1089. Udeni Balasuriya, PhD, MS, BVSc, doctoral scholars, and graduate students. Schlaikjer Professor of Equine Infec- Seven-and-a-half hours of continu- >Jenny Evans, MFA, is the senior veterinary tious Disease at the Gluck Center, ing education (CE) is pending approval science marketing and promotion specialist at received the grant. Equine viral arteritis by the Kentucky Board of Veterinary the UK Gluck Equine Research Center. (EVA) outbreaks result in significant economic losses to the equine industry due to high rates of foal loss in preg- nant mares, death in young foals, and Partnership With UK Provides Opportunities carrier state establishment in stallions. The virus is maintained in the equine for LMU Veterinary Students population between breeding seasons he UK Department of Veterinary Science cooperative agreement with LMU’s by persisting in carrier stallions. TCollege of Veterinary Medicine (CVM) is providing research experiences for This year’s symposium will focus on LMU veterinary students. the outcomes of the various research This partnership resulted from the American Veterinary Medical Association studies undertaken as part of the grant. Council on Education requirement that veterinary students be provided with the Several internationally recognized opportunity to participate in research programs. While LMU was able to provide scientists who have contributed to state-of-the-art teaching facilities and classrooms, LMU CVM founding dean Glen research in infectious diseases, im- Hoffsis, DVM, MS, Dipl. ACVIM, felt students would benefit from hands-on experi- munology, host response to infectious ence in the established research laboratories at UK’s Gluck Equine Research Center. agents and vaccines, and global spread These laboratories, along with scientific experts and a research farm of about 300

11 Bluegrass Equine Digest ❙ ca.uky.edu/equine ❙ TheHorse.com ❙ August 2017

UK, LMU Partnership horses, provide a unique opportunity for both LMU faculty and veterinary students to engage in equine research. The location also played a key role, as LMU is located in Harrogate, Tennes- see, approximately 130 miles south of UK. “Since Kentucky does not have a vet- erinary school, this cooperative agree- ment also brings aspiring veterinarians to our area and introduces them to the local equine industry,” said David Horohov, PhD, chair of the department of veterinary science and director of the Gluck Center. LMU welcomed its first class of veterinary students in 2014 and, the fol- lowing summer, the first group of three veterinary students began their student research experience in laboratories at the Gluck Center. A second group of 11 students arrived in Lexington for their U niversity of Kentu ck y Courtesy research experience the following year. Eight LMU students studied with UK researchers this summer. This summer, another eight students spent several weeks collaborating with UKVDL. ­encourage collaboration among the fac- faculty, staff, and postdoctoral and Hoffsis stepped down in May 2016, ulty at LMU and UK. Several collabora- graduate students at UK on a variety of and his replacement Jason Johnson, tive projects are already in the works research projects. There was a bar- DVM, Dipl. ACT, continues to build with many more to come. becue hosted at the Gluck Center to the program. Johnson and Horohov welcome the students, and the sum- also continue to look for opportuni- >Jenny Evans, MFA, is the senior veterinary mer concluded with an LMU student ties to not only enhance the experience science marketing and promotion specialist at research presentations seminar at the for the veterinary students but also to the UK Gluck Equine Research Center.

LMU Students Share Collaborative mares that are in competi- but is expected to help the tion or having reproduction team determine how much Research Project Updates problems. Weiland’s project genetic material (DNA/RNA) examined whether embryos is present in free fluid within ight LMU veterinary Gluck Center’s obtain any genetic material the embryo. Estudents spent their reproductive before being transferred into She said, however, this summer collaborating health lab. the recipient mare. method is impractical and with researchers in the UK Embryo She said current methods expensive, which is why the Department of Veterinary transfer in- of finding gender determi- laboratory is looking into Science in Lexington. Each volves flushing nation, such as an ultra- other noninvasive methods student focused on a specific an embryo U K c ourtesy photos sound, are not ideal because for obtaining this genetic Ana project and then reported on from one, Weiland they’re not useful until too material. Researchers con- their project during an LMU often valuable, far along in the pregnancy. ducting studies in humans Student Research Presenta- mare and transferring it to Current preimplantation and mice noticed DNA and tions day at the end of July a recipient mare’s uterus. genetic diagnoses use a RNA leaking into the culture at the UKVDL. This procedure is becom- micromanipulator to biopsy media during in vitro em- ing common in most breeds the trophectoderm (outer bryo culture. The research- Ana Weiland com- except for layer of the embryo), but ers then used the DNA and pleted her summer project, (The Club still pro- her team recently began RNA for PGD (preimplanta- “Non-invasive Method for hibits any type of assisted using the micromanipula- tion genetic diagnosis) and Sexing Equine Embryo Dur- reproductive techniques in tor to sample the blastocoel sexing. Weiland and col- ing Embryo Transfer,” with Thoroughbred breeding). It fluid (which contains the leagues would like to mimic Alejandro Esteller-Vico, PhD, has been helping increase embryo’s DNA), which is not this procedure in equine assistant professor, in the the number of foals from yet an established method embryos, which are much

12 Bluegrass Equine Digest ❙ ca.uky.edu/equine ❙ TheHorse.com ❙ August 2017

LMU Students are also no commonly thought to have adult horse, new products decreased immune func- and might not coming on tion. Older horses are being be a viable larger than mice or human the market, used more for competition option in an embryos. so researchers and breeding purposes, older animal. Potential PGD uses in- must find a which makes it essential for There is much clude avoiding detrimental way to use the researchers to better un- to learn, and Brittany Nikolette diseases such as HYPP (hy- current drugs Jones derstand how older horses’ Birky’s re- Birky perkalemic periodic paraly- without pro- immune systems function. search focused sis disease). Weiland said the moting further resistance. “I have been able to see a on stem cell performance as study could help breeders In addition to doing her lot of things, such as blood a function of donor age. select foal traits such as sex, research project, Jones collection for basal ACTH “I have learned several size, color, and gait. helped with various other and TRH (thyrotropin- new skills that I can take “My favorite part of the projects and assisted Ashley releasing hormone) stimu- back with me to veterinary summer was discovering the Steuer, graduate research lation testing, and have school, such as cell culture, many ways to collect the em- assistant, with diagnostic also been able to help with sterile technique, and how bryo depending on the size samples from dogs, cats, other projects, including to discuss a subject without embryo, as it changes drasti- bears, and others received at oral sugar tests at the farm getting stuck on the heavy cally with rapid growth, the UK Veterinary Diagnos- and PBMC (peripheral blood medical terminology,” Birky doubling in size almost every tic Laboratory. mononuclear cell) isola- said. two days with each week,” Jones also attended the tion and ELISAs in the lab,” she said. AAVP (American Association Walton said. Sofia S­ antacaterina of Veterinary Parasitologists) and Natasha Marzolf Brittany Jones com- conference, which took place Nikolette Birky completed their summer pleted her summer proj- July 22-25 in Indianapolis, completed her summer proj- project, “Effect of Stabling ect, “Combination Equine Indiana. While there, she ect, “The Affect of Donor Age on Surfactant and Plasma Deworming vs. Multi-drug had the opportunity to visit on the Osteogenic Potential Lipidomic Profiles in Year- Resistant Parasites,” with the Indianapolis Zoo, tour of Equine Bone Marrow ling Horses,” with David Martin Nielsen, DVM, PhD, its veterinarian hospital, and Stem Cells,” with James Horohov, PhD, chair of the Dipl. ACVM, associate pro- talk to the zoo veterinarians MacLeod, VMD, PhD, John Department of Veterinary fessor, Schlaikjer professor about parasite problems. S. and Elizabeth A. Knight Science, director of the of equine infectious disease, chair, in the Gluck Center’s Gluck Equine Research in the Gluck Center’s parasi- Kaitlin Walton com- musculoskeletal science Center, and professor; and tology laboratory. pleted her summer proj- laboratory. She also worked Undine Christmann, DVM, She used a herd of Min- ect, “Effects of Endocrine with Jasmin Bagge, gradu- MSc, PhD, Dipl. ACVIM, as- iature Horses from UK’s Disease on Cytokine Produc- ate research assistant, in sociate professor of veteri- Maine Chance Farm that tion in Geriatric Horses,” MacLeod’s laboratory. nary medicine at LMU, in has been maintained since with Amanda Adams, PhD, Birky compared bone the immunology laboratory. 1974 and harbors multidrug- assistant professor, in the marrow stem cells in foals, resistant parasites. The Gluck Center’s immunology yearlings, seniors, and Nielsen laboratory collected laboratory. Her work focused geriatric horses, focusing on fecal samples from the herd on PPID (pituitary pars optimizing an assay related every two weeks. They used intermedia dysfunction), or to bone matrix synthesis. those fecal samples to look equine Cushing’s disease. Bone marrow stem cells are at combination deworm- “PPID affects 20% to 30% multipotent, meaning they ing treatments and parasite of all horses as they age, can create several cell types. Sofia Santacaterina and resistance. The study estab- and more than 85% of these The cells for her project Natasha Marzolf lished baseline efficacies of horses are 15 years old or were harvested from donor the dewormers being evalu- older,” she said. horses’ sternums. Inflammatory airway ated, and Jones’ role was to This disease is caused by a The clinical significance of disease, or mild equine establish the efficacy of the decrease in dopaminergic in- this study is that stem cells asthma, is thought to be first combination treatment hibition, which increases the used to treat joint disease underdiagnosed in horses of these. Her preliminary activity of the pars interme- and other equine health because clinical signs pres- results indicated no differ- dia and leads conditions can potentially ent themselves after the ences between the tested to increased be collected from the patient disease has already begun its deworming regimens. adrenocortico- itself. However, the impor- course. Clinical signs include Jones said this study is tropic hor- tance of age as a variable coughing and overall de- important because there are mone (ACTH) is not well understood. crease in performance. Dust not many dewormers on the levels. Because ­Collecting stem cells from and allergens ­associated market and equine parasites of ACTH’s the patient might work well with barn environment often are becoming more resistant effects, PPID Kaitlin in a young horse, but could promote the disease process. to the ones available. There horses are Walton have lower success in an Santacaterina and Marzolf

13 Bluegrass Equine Digest ❙ ca.uky.edu/equine ❙ TheHorse.com ❙ August 2017

LMU Students Palmer said Regumate is performing the post-mortem regions of interest. the most common progestin examination. Fraguela spent “The prospect of studying given to horses. It is used in her time comparing post- these type injuries and hope- compared the effects of barn pregnant mares to increase mortem MRI studies be- fully helping to prevent these environment or pasture en- cervical tone and decrease tween racehorses euthanized kinds of injuries are exactly vironment on surfactant and myometrial contractility and due to suspensory apparatus why I got into veterinary plasma lipidomic profiles in in the nonpregnant mare failure and those euthanized medicine,” Fraguela said. young horses. to synchronize or suppress for unrelated reasons. She In previous studies re- estrous cycles. evaluated a variety of bone >Katie Lampert is a marketing searchers found a decrease and soft ­tissue parameters, and communications intern at in phospholipid content of Tatiana Fraguela which are currently being the UK Gluck Equine Research surfactant in horses with completed her summer proj- analyzed to identify possible Center. asthma and an increased ect, “Magnetic Resonance level of cyclic phosphatidic Imaging of the Suspensory acid in asthmatic horses Apparatus in with clinical signs. Thoroughbred Download These FREE “I didn’t have a lot of lab Racehorses,” experience coming into this with Jennifer Special Reports Today so it was great to work in Janes, DVM, a lab and see those kind of PhD, Dipl. Catastrophic Injuries ■ Equine Herpesvirus procedures,” Santacaterina ACVP, assis- Both sponsored by Zoetis said. tant professor Tatiana Marzolf echoed that state- and anatomic Both Sponsored By Zoetis Fraguela Others available at ment, adding, “I didn’t have veterinary a whole lot of horse experi- pathologist, and Laura ence, other than what we Kennedy, DVM, Dipl. ACVP, were taught in veterinary assistant professor and ana- school, so I really enjoyed tomic veterinary pathologist, being able to work with the at the UKVDL. horses.” Fraguela said catastrophic Upcoming Events musculoskeletal injuries Staci Palmer com- are the leading cause of Aug. 31, 4-5 p.m. pleted her summer project, equine deaths at racetracks. UK Department of Veterinary Science Equine Diagnostic Research “The Effect of Regumate Suspensory apparatus Seminar Series (altrenogest) on the Immune failure is the most common Topic: Stem Cell Applications in Equine Medicine: Where are we and Function of the Open Mare,” catastrophic injury occur- what are some of the things we need to think about to get to where with Barry Ball, DVM, PhD, ring in North America. The we want to go? Dipl. ACT, Albert G. Clay paired proximal sesamoid Speakers: Jamie MacLeod, VMD, PhD, UK Gluck Equine Research Center, and Peter Morresey, BVSc, MVM, MACVSc, Dipl. ACT, ACVIM, CVA, endowed chair in equine bones, suspensory ligament, Rood & Riddle Equine Hospital reproduction, professor, intersesmoidean ligament, Location: UKVDL in the reproductive health and the distal sesamoid laboratory, and Adams in ligaments are components the immunology labora- of the suspensory apparatus. Sept. 28, 1-6 p.m. tory. Carleigh This apparatus functions UK Department of Veterinary Science Equine Diagnostic Fedorka, PhD, as an energy-storing device Research Seminar Series a ­postdoctoral to prevent excessive fetlock 100th Equine Diagnostic Seminar Series Celebration Mini-Symposium Topics and speakers: scholar, served hyperextension. ■ as her mentor.­ Previous work has shown Immunosenescence and How it Affects the Care of the Old Horse, Amanda Adams, PhD, UK Gluck Equine Research Center; Researchers pre-existing bone and car- ■ Constructing a Wellness Program for the Aging Performance Horse, have ­studied tilage lesions at the sites of Marian Little, DVM, Luitpold Pharmaceuticals; the effects of catastrophic injury, which ■ Endocrine Diseases of the Older Horse and How to Diagnose Them, progestins Staci supports the theory that Palmer Lisa Tadros, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVIM, Michigan State University; on ­immune these injuries are the result ■ Dental Care of the Geriatric Horse, Jack Easley, DVM, MS, ABVP, Dipl. ­responses in of cumulative stress and AVDC (Eq), Easley Equine Dentistry; humans and in mice. Palm- fatigue rather than a single ■ Feeding the Old Grey Mare, Sarah Ralston, VMD, PhD, Dipl. ACVN, er’s study primarily focused “bad step.” Like stress frac- Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey; on inflammatory mediators tures, catastrophic injuries ■ Feeding the Older Horse with PPID and/or Insulin Resistance, Kris- called cytokines. Studies on can occur unilaterally, but tine Urschel, PhD, University of Kentucky; and humans and mice revealed the underlying disease is ■ Podiatry Care of Older Horses, Scott Fleming, DVM, CF, Rood & that when females receive typically bilateral. Therefore, Riddle Equine Hospital progestins, pro-inflammatory it is informative to exam- Location: UKVDL cytokines decrease. ine both forelimbs when Free, but registration is required at 100thseminarseries.eventbrite.com

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