Workshop on Metropolitan Governance and Planning: Experience of and Rio de Janeiro

Presentation on Comprehensive Transportation Plan for MMR and Resource Generation under Mumbai Transformation

29th June 2012

LEA International Ltd., Canada MMRDA LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. Structure of Presentation

• Major Challenges in Infrastructure Development

• Current Travel Scenario in MMR

• CTS for MMR Study: Proposed Transport Infrastructure

• Technical Assistance Project: Infrastructure Investment Needs and Potential Sources of Funding

• Steps taken so far… Map of District Map of

Map of MMR Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR)

Area 4355 sq.km. Population About 22.2 million - (2011) Districts in MMR 1. Mumbai Dist. 2. Suburban 3. Thane 4. Raigad Bhiwandi Mira-Bhayander Corporations in MMR 1. Greater Mumbai 2. Thane Sub- Thane urban 3. Dist. Ambernath 4. Ulhas Nagar 5. Kalyan-Dombivali Navi Mumbai 6. Mira 7. Bhiwandi- Nizampur 8. Vasai-Virar

Mumbai Municipal Councils in 1. Ambernath MMR 2. Kulgaon-Badlapur 3. Alibaug Raigad Dist. 4. Pen 5. Uran 6. Matheran Hill Station 7. Panvel 8. Karjat Pen 9. Khopoli Villages 1000 Urbanisation 94% Urban Population 6% Rural Population Major Challenges in Infrastructure Development Physical Challenges  Difficult Landform and Geography  Scarcity of Developable Land  Inadequate transportation system capacity and unacceptable levels of safety Social Challenges  Re-housing Slums Economic Challenges  Increasing Job Opportunities and Incomes  Global Competitiveness Institutional Challenges  Multiplicity of agencies and lack of coordination  Lack of Institutional Framework/setup  Inadequate Technical Resources to implement large scale projects Financial Challenges  Huge Gap in Demand and Supply of Infrastructure  Resource Mobilization and Fiscal Management Others  Encroachments & Resettlement  Environmental Degradation and Protection  Traffic congestion resulting from private vehicle growth Current Travel Scenario in MMR Virar V irar

Nala sop ara Nalasopara Navgarh Navgarh-ManikpurManikpur

V asai Vasai MMR Study Area B hiw andi MiraMira Bhayandar Bhayandar

K alyan Ulha sna gar

Thane Dom bivli A m bernat h Covers entire Mumbai,

Badlapur Parts of Thane and Raigad Greater Mumbai Districts Greater Mumbai Navi Mumbai 4, 355 sq.kms area 20 Urban Local Bodies (7 Municipal Corporations Pan vel Nhave Mat h eran and 13 Municipal Sheva Councils) Uran K a rjat

K hop oli

Pen

A libag MMR and its Sub-regions

Base Year (2005)

Total population = 20.8 mil

Total Employment = 7.6 mil

Pop (m) Emp (m)

Greater Mumbai 12.86 4.7

Region 7.94 2.9 Surveys/ Studies Conducted

No. Primary Survey Extent 1 Home Interview Survey (HIS) 66,000 Households 2 Classified Volume count and OD Survey at Outer Cordon 24 Hr., 9 Locations Locations 3 Classified Volume count and OD Survey at Sub-regional 24 Hr., 20 Locations cordons 4 Classified Volume count at Inner Cordon Locations 16/24 Hr., 33 Locations (OD Survey at 3 Loc.) 5 Screen Line Points 16 Hr., 3 Locations 6 Mid-Block Locations 16 Hr., 11 Locations 7 Level Crossing Locations 16 Hr., 5 Locations 8 Sub-urban Rail Passenger Surveys 6.17% 9 Sub-urban Rail Passenger Surveys, Alighting Survey: Stations 16% 10 Operational Characteristics of Bus and Rail Transport 5700 Bus Routes and 1767 Train Services Networks 11 IPT (Auto and Taxi) Surveys 50 Locations 12 Bus Terminal Surveys 13 Bus Terminals 13 Airport Terminal Surveys 2000 air passengers 14 Goods Terminal Surveys 20 Goods Terminals 15 Speed-Flow Studies 16 Carriageway Types 16 Journey Speed and Delay Studies 550 Kms 17 Network Inventory 2,300 kms. 18 Pedestrian Surveys 50 Locations 19 Parking Surveys 50 Stretches 20 Workplace Based Surveys 4000 respondents Where and How People Travel in Mumbai -2005 (Morning Peak Period: 6:00 to 11: AM)

Train Bus Taxi

Car Two Wheeler Rickshaw

11 Trips per day (2005)

Trips Mode Split with Mode Split without Mode (ml) Walk Walk Walk 14.85 52.4% - 78% Train 6.98 24.6% 51.8% Bus 3.55 12.5% 26.3% Auto 1.05 3.7% 7.8% Taxi 0.23 0.8% 1.7% Two Wheeler 1.05 3.7% 7.8% Car 0.63 2.2% 4.6% Total (with Walk) 28.33 100.0% 100.0% Total (without Walk) 13.48 Per Capita Trip Rate • With walk: 1.65 Total Region • Without walk: 0.65 Morning Peak Period (6:00 to 11:00 AM) Crowded Sections or Links (in Lakhs) Bhyander 5517 (12 Car Rake) Mira Rd.

Kalyan

Borivali Dombivali

Ulhasnagar Thane

Andheri

Vile Parle 4852 (9 Car Rake) TN Sion3725 (9 Car Rake)

Panvel Mumbai Central

CST Mumbai Average Standees Per Coach 12 pass/sq.m.

US Federal Transit Administration Report (1996) Totally Intolerable 5 pass/sq.m. Unacceptable 8 pass/sq.m. Trips per day (2005)

Trips Mode Split with Mode Split without Mode (ml) Walk Walk Walk 14.85 52.4% - 78% Train 6.98 24.6% 51.8% Bus 3.55 12.5% 26.3% Auto 1.05 3.7% 7.8% Taxi 0.23 0.8% 1.7% Two Wheeler 1.05 3.7% 7.8% Car 0.63 2.2% 4.6% Total (with Walk) 28.33 100.0% 100.0% Total (without Walk) 13.48 Per Capita Trip Rate • With walk: 1.65 Total Region • Without walk: 0.65 Mode Split: Major Cities across the World

Mumbai 78 22

Hong Kong 72 28

Shanghai 68 32

Tokyo 49 51

Singapore 37 63

Paris 28 72

London 24 76

New York 10 90

Washing Ton 7 93

Los Angles 3 97

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Public Transport Private Vehicle 16 Vision - TranSforM MMR

“Transforming MMR into a world class metropolis with a vibrant economy and globally comparable quality of life for all its citizens”. CTS for MMR Study: Proposed Transport Infrastructure

Population, Employment and Vehicular Growth

35 34.0 Vehicular Population Employment 30 27.0 Population 25 22.4

20 18.5

15 13.4 2005 20.0 mil 7.6 mil 2.0 mil 9.9 10

5

0 2031 34.0 mil 15.3 mil 9.0 mil 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021 2031 Population

20 Lakhs 4.5 times 90 Lakhs 8,000,000

7,000,000

6,000,000

5,000,000

4,000,000

3,000,000

2,000,000

1,000,000

0

15.3 mil

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 7.6 mil 1996 Employment Vehicular Growth Cumulative Length (km) Year Metro Sub-urban 2016 208 237 2021 318 237 2031 450 248 Long Term (2031) Sub-urban Network: 2005 Metro and Sub-urban Network Year Cumulative Length (km) 2016 982 2021 1,229 2031 1,739

Highway Network: 2005 (2,600 kms) Long Term (2031)Highway Network Proposed Terminals

 17 Inter-State/ Inter-City Bus Terminals  6 Inter-City rail Terminals  5 Major Truck Terminals and 10 Mini Truck Terminals  13 Passenger Water Transport (PWT) Terminals Candidate Roads for Bus Rapid Transit/ EBL/ Mono Rail

On Existing Roads On Proposed New Roads

Vashi

Ulwe Panvel

Uran Dronagiri Multi-Modal Corridors Right of Way Requirements

100

100

100 100

100

100 100 80

80

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100 100

80 100 100

100

100

100

100

100 The Right of Way (ROW) shown for each segment of the proposed Regional Road Network is the preferred ROW width. However , an absolute minimum width of 80 m is required. LEGEND Metropolitan Finalisation of the ROW’s Regional Roads require, detailed feasibility studies specific to each corridor. 100 ROW, 100 m Summary of Preliminary Cost Estimates Proposed Transport Networks Horizon Years 2031, 2021 and 2016

2008- 2031 2008- 2021 2008- 2016 Component Length Cost Length Cost Length Cost km Rs Crores km Rs Crores km Rs Crores Metro System 450 1,10,095 316 82,707 204 59,623 Sub-Urban Railway System 241 30,978 231 28,670 231 27,920 Highway System 1660 57,412 1114 44,844 836 31,173 Highway Corridors with 77 1,670 111 2,000 147 11,079 EBL Bus System 4,280 2,150 1,104 Passenger Water Transport 480 480 480 Truck Terminals, Inter-Bus 3,040 2,038 1,126 and Rail Terminals 2,07,956 1,62,890 1,32,504 Total 2,429 1,772 1,418 US $ 50.72 Billion US $ 39.73 Billion US $ 32.32 Billion Note:

1. The cost estimates are @ 2005-06 prices 2. The metro system cost includes the cost of rolling stock 3. The sub-urban railway system cost includes the cost of rolling stock for new lines, capacity enhancement of the to the existing sub-urban railway system

Funding Sources

Estimated Total Cost Inter Development Private Sl. Borrowing Transport System (Rs. Crore) Governmental Charges Investmen No. (%) @ 2005-06 Transfer (%) (%) t (%) Prices

I Metro System 1,10,095 15 25 0 60 II Sub-Urban Railway System 30,978 30 30 40 0 III Highway System 57,412 25 25 30 20 Highway Corridors with IV Exclusive Bus Lanes (EBL) 1,670 25 25 30 20

V Bus System 4,280 25 25 30 20 VI Passenger Water Transport 480 12 12 16 60

VII Terminals 3,040 21 21 28 30 Total Investment, Average % Funding 2,07,956 20 28 12 40 Sources

Potential Need for Re-allocation from Private to Development Charges Particularly for Metro

Creation of Dedicated Fund (MMR Transport Infrastructure Fund) for implementation of Proposed Transport Infrastructure in MMR Infrastructure Investment Needs and Potential Sources of Funding Infrastructure Investment Need in MMR

@ 2009-10 Prices Investment Investment Sl. No. Sector Needs by 2021 Needs by 2031 (INR million) (INR million) 1 Regional Water Resource Development 168,640 193,430 2 Transit Development 1,641,740 1,874,860 3 Road development + Terminals 610,500 809,510 4 Regional Drainage 23,920 27,440 5 Land, Real estate & Housing 146,160 167,650 6 Power Plant 25,000 25,000 7 Regional Landfill Sites 30,000 34,410 8 Matheran Funicular Railway 2,000 2,000 9 Nirmal MMR Abhiyan 2,400 2,400 Total Metropolitan Infrastructure 2,650,360 3,136,690 US$ 53 billion US$ 63 billion

85% of the Infrastructure Investment Need is Transport Infrastructure Infrastructure Funding

Funding Source Percent Share INR million Inter-Government Transfer 4.6% 144,288 MMRDA Resources 18.5% 580,290 Borrowings 43.2% 1,355,054 Private Investment + SPV partner other than Government 33.7% 1,057,068 Total 100% 3,136,700 MMRDA Sources: Sl. Project Net Revenue No. potential (INR million) 1 Sale of Lands: Bandra Kurla Complex 389,000 2 Sale of lands: Truck Terminal 174,780 3 MMR Growth Areas & Growth Centres 25,000 Total 588,780 Potential of Development Charges for the period (2010-2031): 1,160,000 to 2,100,000 million Proposal for Development Charges

1. Real Estate Market is buoyant with escalating prices, but does not contribute to capital needs of infrastructure. 2. Current area linked development charges are less than 0.5% of the real estate values. 3. Charge is on total value of property on date of permission granted to construct a new development/ redevelopment would be a buoyant source of capital receipts. 4. Important principles to be observed when setting development charges: a) Equitable: All Development must be treated in the same way b) Public Financial Accountability: Contributions must only be used for the purpose for which it is collected c) Transparency: System must be easy to understand 5. Proposal for amending MRTP Act and MMRDA Act formulated and submitted to UDD, GoM-3% for ULBs and 7% for MMRDA 6. Potential of Development Charges for the period (2010-2031): 1,160,000 to 2,100,000 million

Potential of Development Charges

2010-2021 2022-2031 2010-2031 Scenario US $ US $ INR million billion INR million US $ billion INR million million Base: DC on New Growth & 1,240,000 27.6 860,000 19.0 2,100,000 46.6 Redevelopment (MMRDA: 7.0% and ULB: 3.0%)

Scenario A Average building values are 990,000 22.1 710,000 15.9 1,710,000 37.9 lower and unit sizes are smaller than Base case): DC on New Growth & Redevelopment (MMRDA: 7.0% and ULB: 3.0%)

Scenario B (Average building value and 650,000 14.3 510,000 11.3 1,160,000 25.6 unit size are same as in Scenario A): DC on New Growth & Redevelopment: 5% Residential (MMRDA: 3.5% & ULB: 1.5%), 10% Non-Residential (7%MMRDA & 3% ULBs)

[1] Assumptions for Base Scenario: Building Value: Rs. 2,000 to 40,000/sq.ft. Average Unit Size of the Building: 600 to 1000 sq.ft. Average Office, Industrial and Other Building Costs: Rs. 30,000, Rs. 8,000 and Rs. 13,000/sq.ft. [2] Assumptions for Scenario A&B: Building Value: Rs. 1,600 to 32,000/sq.ft Average Unit Size of the Building : 540 to 900 sq.ft Average Office, Industrial and Other Building Costs: Rs. 24,000, Rs. 6,400 and Rs. 10,400/sq.ft Revenue Sources for O&M Shortfalls

Source of Revenue Revenue Generated by Time Period (in INR Crores) 2010 – 2021 2022 - 2031 2010 – 2031 Cess (5%) on Property 2,300 2,800 5,100 Cess on Fuel 2 % 2,500 4,000 6,500 3 % 3,800 6,400 10,200 Annual Renewal of Vehicle license: Option (i)* 6,800 9,700 16,500 Option (ii)** 10,400 14,700 25,100 One-Time cess on New 1,000 1,400 2,400 Vehicle Purchases (2 % Cess) Employment Tax 9,300 to 18,300 16,900 to 30,400 26,200 to 48,700 Sale of Advertising Rights Tbd Tbd Tbd Depends on items Depends on included items included Total 21,900 to 35,800 34,800 to 55,700 56,700 to 91,500

*Option (i): Annual renewal fee: two wheelers INR 500, cars INR 2,000, trucks INR 3,000 **Option (ii) Annual renewal fee: two wheeler INR 1000, cars INR 3,000, trucks INR 3,000 Steps taken so far….

 Implementation of Two metro corridors and one monorail corridor is under progress;

 MMRDA initiated the DPR for Phase II and Phase III metro corridors of Master Plan:

 MMRDA completed the DPR study for Metro corridor from Siddhi Vinayak- -Kharkopar-Dhutum-Dushmi (about 50 kms);

 MMRDA initiated the process for Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Multi-Modal Corridor from Virar-Alibag Study (140 kms) which covers some of the higher order highway corridors as well as some metro corridors as proposed in the CTS study;

 Process initiated for Common Ticketing and Fare Integration, Dialogue with various operators/ ULBs is in progress;

 UMMTA established under Chairmanship of Chief Secretary. Legal Framework for UMMTA is in progress;

Steps taken so far….

 All the ULBs requested to include the proposed arterial roads and higher order highway corridors, metro corridors, sub-urban rail corridors, monorail corridors in the Development Plans for the reservation of RoW;

 ULBs have created Traffic & Transportation units;

 The study on Monorail Master Plan for MMR is completed;

 Initiated Technical Assistance project for implementation of CTS and Business Plan proposals. The focus of this TA shall be on preparatory actions that are needed on priority related to the projects which have to be implemented by 2016/2021 with specific attention to sustainability;

 MMRDA has submitted proposals on Development Charges to GoM;

 Project Preparatory works are in progress for implementation of Mumbai Trans Harbour Link (MTHL) and -Bandra-SEEPZ metro corridor.

Thank you