The Development and Improvement of Instructions
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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.468,645 B2 Owoc (45) Date of Patent: Oct
USOO9468645B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.468,645 B2 OWOc (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 18, 2016 (54) HIGHLY SOLUBLE PURINE BOACTIVE (2013.01); A61K 9/0019 (2013.01); A61 K COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS 9/0095 (2013.01); A61K 9/4858 (2013.01); THEREOF A61 K3I/00 (2013.01); A61K 45/06 (2013.01); A23 V 2002/00 (2013.01) (71) Applicant: JHO Intellectual Property Holdings, (58) Field of Classification Search LLC, Davie, FL (US) CPC ..................... A23V 2002/00; A23V 2200/31; (72) Inventor: Jack Owoc, Weston, FL (US) A23V 2250/062: A23V 2250/21: A23V 2250/5108: A23V 2250/5118: A23V (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2250/54246; A23V 2250/54252: A23V patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2250/704; A23V 2250/712: A61K 31/522; U.S.C. 154(b) by 3 days. A61K 2300/00; A61K 45/06; A61 K9/00 See application file for complete search history. (21) Appl. No.: 14/628,626 (56) References Cited (22) Filed: Feb. 23, 2015 U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (65) Prior Publication Data 837,282 A * 12/1906 Owoc ....................... EO1B 9/60 US 2015/O238494 A1 Aug. 27, 2015 238,292 5,973,005 A * 10/1999 D'Amelio, Sr. ... CO7C 277/08 514,565 Related U.S. Application Data 2006/0236421 A1* 10, 2006 Pennell ................ C12N 9/1007 800,278 (60) Provisional application No. 61/944,528, filed on Feb. 2009,0257997 A1* 10, 2009 Owoc .................. A61K9/0014 25, 2014. 424/94.1 (51) Int. C. * cited by examiner A6 IK3I/522 (2006.01) A6 IK 45/06 (2006.01) Primary Examiner – Debbie K Ware A2.3L 2/52 (2006.01) (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — David W. -
Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 03-11-09 12:04
Tea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 03-11-09 12:04 Tea From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Tea is the agricultural product of the leaves, leaf buds, and internodes of the Camellia sinensis plant, prepared and cured by various methods. "Tea" also refers to the aromatic beverage prepared from the cured leaves by combination with hot or boiling water,[1] and is the common name for the Camellia sinensis plant itself. After water, tea is the most widely-consumed beverage in the world.[2] It has a cooling, slightly bitter, astringent flavour which many enjoy.[3] The four types of tea most commonly found on the market are black tea, oolong tea, green tea and white tea,[4] all of which can be made from the same bushes, processed differently, and in the case of fine white tea grown differently. Pu-erh tea, a post-fermented tea, is also often classified as amongst the most popular types of tea.[5] Green Tea leaves in a Chinese The term "herbal tea" usually refers to an infusion or tisane of gaiwan. leaves, flowers, fruit, herbs or other plant material that contains no Camellia sinensis.[6] The term "red tea" either refers to an infusion made from the South African rooibos plant, also containing no Camellia sinensis, or, in Chinese, Korean, Japanese and other East Asian languages, refers to black tea. Contents 1 Traditional Chinese Tea Cultivation and Technologies 2 Processing and classification A tea bush. 3 Blending and additives 4 Content 5 Origin and history 5.1 Origin myths 5.2 China 5.3 Japan 5.4 Korea 5.5 Taiwan 5.6 Thailand 5.7 Vietnam 5.8 Tea spreads to the world 5.9 United Kingdom Plantation workers picking tea in 5.10 United States of America Tanzania. -
Identification and Characterization of N 9-Methyltransferase Involved In
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15324-7 OPEN Identification and characterization of N9- methyltransferase involved in converting caffeine into non-stimulatory theacrine in tea Yue-Hong Zhang1,2,3,6, Yi-Fang Li1,2,3,6, Yongjin Wang1,3,6, Li Tan1,3, Zhi-Qin Cao1,2,3, Chao Xie1,2,3, Guo Xie4, Hai-Biao Gong1,2,3, Wan-Yang Sun1,2,3, Shu-Hua Ouyang1,2,3, Wen-Jun Duan1,2,3, Xiaoyun Lu1,3, Ke Ding 1,3, ✉ ✉ ✉ ✉ Hiroshi Kurihara1,2,3, Dan Hu 1,2,3 , Zhi-Min Zhang 1,3 , Ikuro Abe 5 & Rong-Rong He 1,2,3 1234567890():,; Caffeine is a major component of xanthine alkaloids and commonly consumed in many popular beverages. Due to its occasional side effects, reduction of caffeine in a natural way is of great importance and economic significance. Recent studies reveal that caffeine can be converted into non-stimulatory theacrine in the rare tea plant Camellia assamica var. kucha (Kucha), which involves oxidation at the C8 and methylation at the N9 positions of caffeine. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we identify the theacrine synthase CkTcS from Kucha, which possesses novel N9-methyltransferase activity using 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid but not caffeine as a substrate, confirming that C8 oxidation takes place prior to N9-methylation. The crystal structure of the CkTcS complex reveals the key residues that are required for the N9-methylation, providing insights into how caffeine N-methyltransferases in tea plants have evolved to catalyze regioselective N-methylation through fine tuning of their active sites. -
Pharmacokinetics of Caffeine: a Systematic Analysis of Reported Data
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.12.452094; this version posted August 3, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Pharmacokinetics of caffeine: A systematic analysis of reported data for application in metabolic phenotyping and liver function testing Jan Grzegorzewski 1, Florian Bartsch 1, Adrian Koller¨ 1, and Matthias Konig¨ 1;∗ 1Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Invalidenstraße 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany Correspondence*: Matthias Konig¨ [email protected] ABSTRACT Caffeine is by far the most ubiquitous psychostimulant worldwide found in tea, coffee, cocoa, energy drinks, and many other beverages and food. Caffeine is almost exclusively metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system to the main product paraxanthine and the additional products theobromine and theophylline. Besides its stimulating properties, two important applications of caffeine are metabolic phenotyping of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) and liver function testing. An open challenge in this context is to identify underlying causes of the large inter-individual variability in caffeine pharmacokinetics. Data is urgently needed to understand and quantify confounding factors such as lifestyle (e.g. smoking), the effects of drug-caffeine interactions (e.g. medication metabolized via CYP1A2), and the effect of disease. Here we report the first integrative and systematic analysis of data on caffeine pharmacokinetics from 148 publications and provide a comprehensive high-quality data set on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine, caffeine metabolites, and their metabolic ratios in human adults. The data set is enriched by meta-data on the characteristics of studied patient cohorts and subjects (e.g. -
Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acid Contents Among Wild Coffea
Food Chemistry Food Chemistry 93 (2005) 135–139 www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchem Qualitative relationship between caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents among wild Coffea species C. Campa, S. Doulbeau, S. Dussert, S. Hamon, M. Noirot * Centre IRD of Montpellier, B.P. 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Received 28 June 2004; received in revised form 13 October 2004; accepted 13 October 2004 Abstract Chlorogenic acids, sensu largo (CGA), are secondary metabolites of great economic importance in coffee: their accumulation in green beans contributes to coffee drink bitterness. Previous evaluations have already focussed on wild species of coffee trees, but this assessment included six new taxa from Cameroon and Congo and involved a simplified method that generated more accurate results. Five main results were obtained: (1) Cameroon and Congo were found to be a centre of diversity, encompassing the entire range of CGA content from 0.8% to 11.9% dry matter basis (dmb); (2) three groups of coffee tree species – CGA1, CGA2 and CGA3 – were established on the basis of discontinuities; (3) means were 1.4%, 5.6% and 9.9% dmb, respectively; (4) there was a qualitative relation- ship between caffeine and ACG content distribution; (5) only a small part of the CGA is trapped by caffeine as caffeine chlorogenate. Ó 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Coffeae; Caffeine; Chlorogenic acids 1. Introduction lic acid [feruloylquinic acids (FQA)] and represent 98% of all CGAs (Clifford, 1985; Morishita, Iwahashi, & Two coffee species, C. canephora and C. arabica, are Kido, 1989). There are also some minor compounds, cultivated worldwide. However, these species only repre- such as esters of feruloyl-caffeoylquinic acids (FCQA), sent a small proportion of the worldÕs coffee genetic re- caffeoyl-feruloylquinic acids (CFQA) or p-coumaric acid sources as, in the wild, the Coffea subgenus (Coffea (p-CoQA). -
Japanese Green Tea
Market Alternatives for Japanese Green Tea A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation by Angela Monks November 2000 RIRDC Publication No 00/169 RIRDC Project No DAT-38A © 2000 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 0 642 58200 9 ISSN 1440-6845 Market Alternatives for Japanese Green Tea Publication No. 00/169 Project No.DAT-38A. The views expressed and the conclusions reached in this publication are those of the author and not necessarily those of persons consulted. RIRDC shall not be responsible in any way whatsoever to any person who relies in whole or in part on the contents of this report. This publication is copyright. However, RIRDC encourages wide dissemination of its research, providing the Corporation is clearly acknowledged. For any other enquiries concerning reproduction, contact the Publications Manager on phone 02 6272 3186. Researcher Contact Details Ms Angela Monks Department of Primary Industry Water and Environment St. Johns Avenue New Town Tasmania 7050 Phone: 03 6233 6813 Fax: 03 6228 5936 Email: [email protected] RIRDC Contact Details: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 1, AMA House 42 Macquarie Street BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 06 272 4539 Fax: 06 272 5877 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Published in November 2000 Printed on environmentally friendly paper by Canprint ii Foreword There is increasing interest world wide in the use of green tea in beverages, cosmetics, nutriceuticals, medicinals and as flavours and fragrances. The medical research industry is increasing its focus on potential disease cures and preventatives. -
Theacrine Attenuates Myocardial Fibrosis After Myocardial Infarction Via the SIRT3/Β-Catenin/ Pparγ Pathway in Estrogen-Deficient Mice
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2019; 23: 5477-5486 Theacrine attenuates myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction via the SIRT3/β-catenin/ PPARγ pathway in estrogen-deficient mice L.-L. SONG1, Y. ZHANG2, X.-R. ZHANG3, Y.-N. SONG4, H.-Z. DAI5 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Weifang Hanting District People’s Hospital, Weifang, China 2Department of Respiratory Medicine, Weifang Hanting District People’s Hospital, Weifang, China 3Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China 4Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China 5Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China Abstract. – OBJECTIVE: To investigate the myocardial apoptosis were clearly aggravated, role of theacrine in the protection of ventricular and the SIRT3 expression was decreased at 28 remodeling and chronic heart failure after myo- days after myocardial infarction. The theacrine cardial infarction in the estrogen-deficient mice. could improve the cardiac function after the MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female myocardial infarction in estrogen-deficient mice C57BL/6 mice aged 8 weeks old were selected and relieve both myocardial fibrosis and myo- and then subjected to bilateral oophorectomy. cardial apoptosis during chronic remodeling af- At 7 days after surgery, the models of the myo- ter myocardial infarction in estrogen-deficient cardial infarction were established by ligating mice. After the intervention with theacrine, the the anterior descending coronary artery. On the estrogen-deficient mice with myocardial infarc- first day after myocardial infarction, Theacrine tion had up-regulated SIRT3 and PPARγ levels (20 mg/kg) was administered via gavage for con- and a reduced β-catenin level in the heart. -
Herbal Principles in Cosmetics Properties and Mechanisms of Action Traditional Herbal Medicines for Modern Times
Traditional Herbal Medicines for Modern Times Herbal Principles in Cosmetics Properties and Mechanisms of Action Traditional Herbal Medicines for Modern Times Each volume in this series provides academia, health sciences, and the herbal medicines industry with in-depth coverage of the herbal remedies for infectious diseases, certain medical conditions, or the plant medicines of a particular country. Series Editor: Dr. Roland Hardman Volume 1 Shengmai San, edited by Kam-Ming Ko Volume 2 Rasayana: Ayurvedic Herbs for Rejuvenation and Longevity, by H.S. Puri Volume 3 Sho-Saiko-To: (Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang) Scientific Evaluation and Clinical Applications, by Yukio Ogihara and Masaki Aburada Volume 4 Traditional Medicinal Plants and Malaria, edited by Merlin Willcox, Gerard Bodeker, and Philippe Rasoanaivo Volume 5 Juzen-taiho-to (Shi-Quan-Da-Bu-Tang): Scientific Evaluation and Clinical Applications, edited by Haruki Yamada and Ikuo Saiki Volume 6 Traditional Medicines for Modern Times: Antidiabetic Plants, edited by Amala Soumyanath Volume 7 Bupleurum Species: Scientific Evaluation and Clinical Applications, edited by Sheng-Li Pan Traditional Herbal Medicines for Modern Times Herbal Principles in Cosmetics Properties and Mechanisms of Action Bruno Burlando, Luisella Verotta, Laura Cornara, and Elisa Bottini-Massa Cover art design by Carlo Del Vecchio. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-1214-3 (Ebook-PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. -
The Two Tortoitumia Ultimate Tatli Himin
THETWO TORTOITUMIAUS 20180104248A1ULTIMATE TATLI HIMIN ( 19) United States ( 12) Patent Application Publication ( 10 ) Pub . No. : US 2018 /0104248 A1 Lopez et al. (43 ) Pub . Date : Apr . 19 , 2018 ( 54 ) THEACRINE -BASED SUPPLEMENT AND Publication Classification METHOD OF USE THEREOF IN A (51 ) Int. Cl. SYNERGISTIC COMBINATION WITH A61K 31/ 522 ( 2006 . 01 ) CAFFEINE C07D 487/ 04 (2006 . 01) (52 ) U . S . CI. @( 71 ) Applicant : Ortho - Nutra, LLC , Morganville , NJ CPC .. A61K 31/ 522 ( 2013 .01 ) ; C07D 487 /04 (US ) ( 2013. 01 ) @(72 ) Inventors : Hector L Lopez , Cream Ridge , NJ (US ) ; Shawn Wells , Lewisville , TX (US ) ; Tim N . Ziegenfuss , Chardon , OH (57 ) ABSTRACT (US ) A human dietary supplement comprises theacrine and @( 73 ) Assignee : Ortho -Nutra , LLC , Morganville , NJ optionally other compounds that modulate the effects of theacrine . Uses for the theacrine - containing supplement (US ) include improvement of at least one ofmood , energy, focus, concentration or sexual desire or a reduction of at least one (21 ) Appl. No. : 15 /600 , 371 of anxiety or fatigue. A synergistic composition comprises ( 22 ) Filed : May 19 , 2017 co -administration of theacrine and caffeine , wherein the co - administered caffeine reduces theacrine oral clearance Related U . S . Application Data (CL / F ) and oral volume of distribution (Vd / F ) . In addition , the co - administered caffeine increases area under the plasma (63 ) Continuation - in -part of application No. 14 / 539, 726 , concentration time curve ( AUC ) of theacrine , and increases filed on Nov. 12 , 2014 . theacrine maximum plasma concentration ( Cmax ) in com (60 ) Provisional application No .61 / 903 ,362 , filed on Nov . parison with the corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters 12 , 2013 . -
Benefits of Tea Drinking Tea Drinking Is Believed to Have Started in China About 2,000 Years Ago
107 Nott Terrace, Suite 301 Schenectady, NY 12308 Phone: (518) 372-1622; Fax: (518) 372-8703 Benefits of Tea Drinking Tea drinking is believed to have started in China about 2,000 years ago. It is the most consumed beverage in the world after water and more than coffee, beer, wine, and sodas. It ranks fourth in the United States, with the average American drinking 155 cups a year. Of the tea used worldwide, 78% is black, (common in North America and Europe); 20% is green, (Asian countries prefer); and 2% is oolong, (common in China and Taiwan). All teas are brewed from the dried leaves of the Camellia sinensis bush. There are four types, depending on the level of oxidation (the chemical reactions that result in the browning of tea leaves and the production of flavor and aroma compounds in teas): white (nonoxidized buds), green (nonoxidized leaves), oolong (partially oxidized leaves), and black (oxidized leaves). Tea’s manufacturing process is designed to either allow compounds in tea leaves (polyphenols) to be oxidized naturally or prevent them from being oxidized. Green tea is made by keeping the enzymes in the leaves from causing oxidation. The make-up of tea varies with climate, growing practices, and the variety and age of the leaves. Tea leaves contain three main components that have effects on our body: xanthic bases (caffeine and theophylline), essential oils, and polyphenolic compounds. Caffeine acts mainly on the central nervous system. Some effects of caffeine are enhanced by a chemical called theophylline, which opens up blood vessels to increase blood flow. -
Potential Herb–Drug Interactions in the Management of Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction
pharmaceutics Review Potential Herb–Drug Interactions in the Management of Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction Maria D. Auxtero 1, Susana Chalante 1,Mário R. Abade 1 , Rui Jorge 1,2,3 and Ana I. Fernandes 1,* 1 CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; [email protected] (M.D.A.); [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (M.R.A.); [email protected] (R.J.) 2 Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, School of Agriculture, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal 3 CIEQV, Life Quality Research Centre, IPSantarém/IPLeiria, Avenida Dr. Mário Soares, 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +35-12-1294-6823 Abstract: Late-life mild cognitive impairment and dementia represent a significant burden on health- care systems and a unique challenge to medicine due to the currently limited treatment options. Plant phytochemicals have been considered in alternative, or complementary, prevention and treat- ment strategies. Herbals are consumed as such, or as food supplements, whose consumption has recently increased. However, these products are not exempt from adverse effects and pharmaco- logical interactions, presenting a special risk in aged, polymedicated individuals. Understanding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions is warranted to avoid undesirable adverse drug reactions, which may result in unwanted side-effects or therapeutic failure. The present study reviews the potential interactions between selected bioactive compounds (170) used by seniors for cognitive enhancement and representative drugs of 10 pharmacotherapeutic classes commonly prescribed to the middle-aged adults, often multimorbid and polymedicated, to anticipate and prevent risks arising from their co-administration. -
The Effects of Teacrine and Caffeine on Endurance and Cognitive
THE EFFECTS OF TEACRINE AND CAFFEINE ON ENDURANCE AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE DURING A SIMULATED MATCH IN HIGH-LEVEL SOCCER PLAYERS By MARISSA L. BELLO A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Science Graduate Program in Kinesiology and Applied Physiology Written under the direction of Shawn M. Arent And approved by ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ New Brunswick, NJ [January 2019] ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS The Effects of Teacrine and Caffeine on Endurance and Cognitive Performance During a Simulated Match in High-Level Soccer Players by MARISSA L. BELLO Thesis Director Shawn M. Arent Theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric-acid) is a pure alkaloid with a similar structure to caffeine and acts comparably as an adenosine receptor antagonist. Early studies have shown non-habituating effects, including increases in energy, focus, and concentration in Teacrine®, the compound containing pure theacrine. PURPOSE: to determine and compare the effects of Teacrine® and caffeine on cognitive performance and time-to-exhaustion during a simulated soccer game in high- level male and female athletes. METHODS: Elite male and female soccer players (N=24; MAge=20.96±2.05y, MMaleVO2max=55.31±3.39mL/O2/kg, MFemaleVO2max=50.97±3.90mL/O2/kg) completed a simulated 90-min soccer match protocol on a treadmill, with cognitive testing including simple reaction time (SRT); choice-RT during a go/no-go task (CRT); and complex-RT during a dual task of go/no go (COGRT) with distraction questions at halftime, and end-of-game.