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Decentralised Hashtag Search and Subscription for Federated Social Networks Prague, Activitypubconf 2019 1970-01-01 Decentralised Hashtag Federation Trolli Schmittlauch Decentralised Hashtag Search and Subscription for Federated Social Networks Prague, ActivityPubConf 2019 1970-01-01 introduce myself: usually go by schmittlauch on the Internet student of Computer Science @ TU Dresden Trolli Schmittlauch interest in federated systems and unusual social networks presenting my work on a student research paper from this year Decentralised Hashtag Search and Subscription for Federated Social Networks Prague, ActivityPubConf 2019 Outline Decentralised Hashtag Federation Motivation Importance of #Hashtags State of Hashtags in the Fediverse Outline System Architecture Discussion Social Considerations Technical Considerations Security Considerations Outline Summary Motivation 1970-01-01 Importance of #Hashtags State of Hashtags in the Fediverse System Architecture Discussion Social Considerations Technical Considerations Security Considerations Summary Decentralised Hashtag Federation Trolli Schmittlauch Slide 2 of 25 Prague, APConf 2019 Welcome to ActivityPubConf! Decentralised Hashtag Federation Motivation Welcome to ActivityPubConf! Motivation Welcome to ActivityPubConf! Motivation 1970-01-01 Who has been posting about this Conference? Decentralised Hashtag Federation Trolli Schmittlauch Slide 3 of 25 Prague, APConf 2019 Welcome to ActivityPubConf! Decentralised Hashtag Federation Motivation Welcome to ActivityPubConf! Motivation Welcome to ActivityPubConf! Motivation 1970-01-01 And who used #ActivityPubConf? Decentralised Hashtag Federation Trolli Schmittlauch Slide 3 of 25 Prague, APConf 2019 • political topics: #SaveTheInternet • general topics: #mastoadmin, #Tusky • ongoing demonstrations: #GeziPark, #WomensMarch • social movements: #MeToo • political topics: #SaveTheInternet • general topics: #mastoadmin, #Tusky • ongoing demonstrations: #GeziPark, #WomensMarch • social movements: #MeToo Importance of #Hashtags Decentralised Hashtag Federation Hashtags are used for marking posts about certain topics or events: • events: #ActivityPubConf, Importance of #Hashtags Motivation #CCCamp19 Importance of #Hashtags Importance of #Hashtags Hashtags are used for marking posts about certain topics or events: 1970-01-01 • events: #ActivityPubConf, mark topics of posts, make them discoverable by content. No decentralised full text #CCCamp19 search in Fediverse (centralised search engines) Decentralised Hashtag Federation Trolli Schmittlauch Slide 4 of 25 Prague, APConf 2019 • general topics: #mastoadmin, #Tusky • ongoing demonstrations: #GeziPark, #WomensMarch • social movements: #MeToo • general topics: #mastoadmin, #Tusky • ongoing demonstrations: #GeziPark, #WomensMarch • social movements: #MeToo Importance of #Hashtags Decentralised Hashtag Federation Hashtags are used for marking posts about certain topics or events: • events: #ActivityPubConf, #CCCamp19 Importance of #Hashtags Motivation • political topics: Importance of #Hashtags #SaveTheInternet Importance of #Hashtags ”Obama in the Backseat: Rally to Save the Internet” by Free Press Pics is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 cba Hashtags are used for marking posts about certain topics or events: 1970-01-01 • events: #ActivityPubConf, mark topics of posts, make them discoverable by content. No decentralised full text #CCCamp19 search in Fediverse (centralised search engines) • political topics: #SaveTheInternet ”Obama in the Backseat: Rally to Save the Internet” by Free Press Pics is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 cba Decentralised Hashtag Federation Trolli Schmittlauch Slide 4 of 25 Prague, APConf 2019 • ongoing demonstrations: #GeziPark, #WomensMarch • social movements: #MeToo • ongoing demonstrations: #GeziPark, #WomensMarch • social movements: #MeToo Importance of #Hashtags Decentralised Hashtag Federation Hashtags are used for marking posts about certain topics or events: • events: #ActivityPubConf, #CCCamp19 Importance of #Hashtags Motivation • political topics: #SaveTheInternet • general topics: #mastoadmin, Importance of #Hashtags #Tusky Importance of #Hashtags Hashtags are used for marking posts about certain topics or events: 1970-01-01 • events: #ActivityPubConf, mark topics of posts, make them discoverable by content. No decentralised full text #CCCamp19 search in Fediverse (centralised search engines) • political topics: #SaveTheInternet • general topics: #mastoadmin, #Tusky Decentralised Hashtag Federation Trolli Schmittlauch Slide 4 of 25 Prague, APConf 2019 • social movements: #MeToo • social movements: #MeToo Importance of #Hashtags Decentralised Hashtag Federation Hashtags are used for marking posts about certain topics or events: • events: #ActivityPubConf, #CCCamp19 Importance of #Hashtags Motivation • political topics: #SaveTheInternet • general topics: #mastoadmin, Importance of #Hashtags #Tusky • ongoing demonstrations: #GeziPark, #WomensMarch Importance of #Hashtags cbCC BY 4.0 International by Metronaut Hashtags are used for marking posts about certain topics or events: 1970-01-01 • events: #ActivityPubConf, mark topics of posts, make them discoverable by content. No decentralised full text #CCCamp19 search in Fediverse (centralised search engines) • political topics: #SaveTheInternet • general topics: #mastoadmin, #Tusky • ongoing demonstrations: #GeziPark, #WomensMarch cbCC BY 4.0 International by Metronaut Decentralised Hashtag Federation Trolli Schmittlauch Slide 4 of 25 Prague, APConf 2019 Importance of #Hashtags Decentralised Hashtag Federation Hashtags are used for marking posts about certain topics or events: • events: #ActivityPubConf, #CCCamp19 Importance of #Hashtags Motivation • political topics: #SaveTheInternet • general topics: #mastoadmin, Importance of #Hashtags #Tusky • ongoing demonstrations: #GeziPark, #WomensMarch Importance of #Hashtags • social movements: #MeToo ”IMG_4263” by GGAADD is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 cba Hashtags are used for marking posts about certain topics or events: 1970-01-01 • events: #ActivityPubConf, mark topics of posts, make them discoverable by content. No decentralised full text #CCCamp19 search in Fediverse (centralised search engines) • political topics: #SaveTheInternet • general topics: #mastoadmin, #Tusky • ongoing demonstrations: #GeziPark, #WomensMarch • social movements: #MeToo ”IMG_4263” by GGAADD is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 cba Decentralised Hashtag Federation Trolli Schmittlauch Slide 4 of 25 Prague, APConf 2019 But do they behave as expected? But do they behave as expected? Decentralised Hashtag Federation State of Hashtags on the Fediverse State of Hashtags on the Fediverse Motivation Hashtags are used in the Fediverse State of Hashtags in the Fediverse State of Hashtags on the Fediverse 1970-01-01 Hashtags are used in the Fediverse Decentralised Hashtag Federation Trolli Schmittlauch Slide 5 of 25 Prague, APConf 2019 Decentralised Hashtag Federation State of Hashtags on the Fediverse State of Hashtags on the Fediverse Motivation Hashtags are used in the Fediverse State of Hashtags in the Fediverse But do they behave as expected? State of Hashtags on the Fediverse 1970-01-01 Hashtags are used in the Fediverse But do they behave as expected? Decentralised Hashtag Federation Trolli Schmittlauch Slide 5 of 25 Prague, APConf 2019 Decentralised Hashtag Federation Motivation State of Hashtags in the Fediverse Figure: #activitypubconf on the Figure: #activitypubconf on the large single-user instance toot.matereal.eu instance mastodon.social 1970-01-01 Figure: #activitypubconf on the Figure: #activitypubconf on the large single-user instance toot.matereal.eu instance mastodon.social Decentralised Hashtag Federation Trolli Schmittlauch Slide 6 of 25 Prague, APConf 2019 State of Hashtags on the Fediverse Decentralised Hashtag Federation Fragmentation Motivation • fragmented view on hashtag posts depending on user’s instance State of Hashtags on the Fediverse • hashtag search only on locally known posts State of Hashtags in the Fediverse • Result: incentive to cluster on large nodes ⇐ centralisation State of Hashtags on the Fediverse Fragmentation 1970-01-01 1. view depends on users instance 2. local posts 3. cluster incentive • fragmented view on hashtag posts depending on user’s instance • hashtag search only on locally known posts • Result: incentive to cluster on large nodes ⇐ centralisation Decentralised Hashtag Federation Trolli Schmittlauch Slide 7 of 25 Prague, APConf 2019 Reason Decentralised Hashtag Federation Push-Federation Motivation • subscription to @[email protected] by Reason State of Hashtags in the Fediverse contacting instance cyber.space Push-Federation Reason 1970-01-01 example scenario with 4 instances • subscription to @[email protected] by contacting instance cyber.space Decentralised Hashtag Federation Trolli Schmittlauch Slide 8 of 25 Prague, APConf 2019 Reason Decentralised Hashtag Federation Push-Federation Motivation • all future posts by Alice are delivered to instances of Reason State of Hashtags in the Fediverse subscribers, but not instances without any subscriber Push-Federation Reason 1970-01-01 example scenario with 4 instances 1. cyber.space may not even be aware of existence of other instances • all future posts by Alice are delivered to instances of subscribers, but not instances without any subscriber Decentralised Hashtag Federation Trolli Schmittlauch Slide 8 of 25 Prague, APConf 2019 Reason Decentralised Hashtag Federation Push-Federation Motivation • other ways for posts to reach Reason an instance: State of Hashtags in the Fediverse boosts, thread resolution Push-Federation Reason
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