The vegetation of the Nepean Peninsula, Victoria – an historical perspective Claire Moxham*1, Steve Sinclair1, Gidja Walker2 and Imelda Douglas3 1 The Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Dept of Sustainability and Environment, 123 Brown Street (P.O. Box 137), Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, AUSTRALIA. 2 393 Sandy Road, St Andrews Beach, Victoria 3941 AUSTRALIA. 3 39 Wilkinson Street, Tootgarook, Victoria 3941 AUSTRALIA. *Corresponding author Email:
[email protected] Abstract: We use historical information and extensive contemporary surveys to describe the pre-European vegetation of the Nepean Peninsula, an extensive area of calcareous sand dunes at the tip of the Mornington Peninsula, south of Melbourne, Victoria (38º19’S 144º43’E). We conclude that much of the area was once covered by open, grassy woodlands, variously dominated by Allocasuarina verticillata (Drooping Sheoak), Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia (Coast Banksia), Acacia species (Wattles), and Melaleuca lanceolata subsp. lanceolata (Moonah), along with a range of other species. Some areas supported shrublands, woodlands, forests, grasslands and wetlands. This area was markedly distinct from most other nearby areas, and has ecological affinities with areas in western Victoria. Over 200 years of ‘European’ land use have left this landscape remarkably different today – even in places where native vegetation persists. We review and discuss the environmental factors that have influenced the pattern and structure of the vegetation. Cunninghamia (2009) 11(1): 27–47 Introduction vegetation of the Mornington Peninsula by Calder (1972, 1974, 1975), but is far more detailed and broader in its scope. The Nepean Peninsula is the large and distinctive expanse of calcareous (limestone) dunes at the southern end of the The Physical Environment Mornington Peninsula.