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Isolation and Characterization of Heptadecanoic Acid Form Crotalaria Verrucosa

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Isolation and Characterization of Heptadecanoic Acid Form Crotalaria Verrucosa ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HEPTADECANOIC ACID FORM CROTALARIA VERRUCOSA. L LEAVES R. Elamparithi and J.Sirajudeen PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tiruchirappali - 620 020 ABSTRACT: Medicinal plants are a wellspring of extraordinary monetary worth everywhere throughout the world. Therapeutic estimation of plants lies in some bioactive aggravates that produce an unmistakable physiological activity on the human body. The most significant bioactive (substance) mixes of plants are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and phenol mixes. Crotalaria verrucosa family Fabaceae and subfamily is Faboideae is a well – known pharmacologically strong restorative plant revealed in customary arrangement of medication. In present investigation a compound heptadecanoic acid was confined from the hydro alcoholic concentrate crotalaria verrucosa leaves and it was distinguished by TLC, coloum chromatography, FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR and Mass spectroscopy. Key words: Crotalaria verrucosa L., Hydro alcoholic and heptadecanoic acid. Introduction: Plants are nature’s gift to human which in the form of food, oxygen, in addition to shelter. From ancient periods, they have served as defence mechanism used by our ancestor to struggle against diseases. Also it has valuable source of natural products for maintaining human health going together with intensive studies for natural therapies. According to the information of world health organization (WHO), about 80% of the humanity relies on traditional herbal therapies. Most traditional drugs administered today were derived from plant life. As a consequence, they produce metabolites that could have some biological activity (e.g. antioxidant, antimicrobial), which could be a biotechnological potential target in the health and agricultural sectors. [1, 2]. Globally, the use of botanicals as alternatives to intake of synthetic drugs has increased yearly. Botanicals have several advantages over synthetic antibiotics, such as little or no harmful effect in humans or on the environment, and cost efficiency [3]. Although their efficacy and mechanisms of action have not been tested Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2020 330 http://adalyajournal.com/ ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 scientifically in most cases, these simple medicinal preparations often mediate beneficial response due to their active chemical constituents [4]. Hence the extraction of plant metabolites is indispensable to isolate biologically active compounds and in understanding their role in disease prevention and treatment and in knowing their toxic effects as well. Crotalaria verrucosa L. commonly known as blue rattle pod or blue rattle snake is a species of flowering plant belonging to the legume family Fabaceae and subfamily is Faboideae. The leaves 5 -15cm long are ovate rhomboid and obtuse. The leaf extract is applied to soothe skin allergies [5]. Juice of leaves is used in scabies and impetigo both internally and externally, also considered efficacious in diminishing salivation. The leaf decoction is given orally to cure jaundice [6]. In the present work isolation of heptadecanoic acid from leaves of crotalaria verrucosa L and identifies using FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR and Mass spectroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Crotalaria verrucosa leaves were collected from Yercaud, Salem district, Tamilnadu, India. The plant Crotalaria verrucosa was identified using floras and authenticated by Dr. S. John Britto, The Director, Rapinat Herbarium and center for molecular systematic St. Joseph’s college (campus) Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. Plant materials were under running tap water, air dried and then homogenized to fine power and stored in airtight bottles in refrigerator. Preparation of Extracts The plant concentrate was set up by hot continuous percolation technique in Soxhlet mechanical assembly. About 50gm of powdered plant material was consistently stuffed into a thimble and extricated with 250ml hydro alcohol solvent. The extraction cycle might be permitted to rehash commonly, over hours or days. After that the concentrate was taken in a beaker and kept on hot plate and warmed at 30 - 40oC till all the solvent got dissipated. The rough concentrate for use in phytochemical examinations and compound detachment. 1.3 Isolation and purification of the active compound As mentioned earlier the hydro alcoholic extract (10g) which was the most potent was subjected to activity guided fractionation over silica gel packed in chloroform methanol 9:1. The column was eluted with mixtures of chloroform and methanol with increasing amounts of methanol fractions was collected. The obtained fractions were concentrated and Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2020 331 http://adalyajournal.com/ ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 monitored TLC using chloroform and methanol as mobile phase. Fraction 1 eluted with Chloroform: methanol (7:3) showed single spots in solvent system. Isolated one compound was characterized using FT –IR, 1H, 13C NMR and Mass spectra. Fig 1: FTIR spectra of isolated compound from hydro alcoholic extract of Crotalaria verrucosa L. Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2020 332 http://adalyajournal.com/ ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 Fig 2: 1H NMR spectra of isolated compound from hydro alcoholic extract of Crotalaria verrucosa L. Fig 3: 13C NMR spectra of isolated compound from hydro alcoholic extract of Crotalaria verrucosa L. Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2020 333 http://adalyajournal.com/ ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 Fig 4: Mass spectra of isolated compound from hydro alcoholic extract of Crotalaria verrucosa L. Comparison of all spectral data FT – IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass the compound was characterized as OH O H C 3 Molecular formula - C17H34O2 Molecular weight - 270.457 g/mol The compound was obtained as pale yellow color and Rf value is 5.9 from the chloroform: methanol (7:3) fraction. Melting point is 441.45 K. FTIR (KBr): 3594 (-OH) 2940 (-CH-) stretch, 2873 (-CH), 1791 (-C-H) stretch, 1412 (-HC=O), 1374 (-C=O), 1131 (- 1 CH), 714 (-C-C-), 618 (-CH). The H NMR ((in MeOD & DMSO δ, ppm) 0.88 (R-CH3), 13 1.27, 1.29,1. 32, 1.37, 1.40 (R2-CH2), 1.64 (R3-CH), 2.35(CH3) 10.57 (RCOOH). C NMR (in MeOD & DMSO) (δ, ppm) δ 14.10 (RCH3), 22.76 – 34.65 (CH3CO), 24.57, 20.88 (RCH3CO), 179.09 (C=O). Mass EI-Ms m/z: The molecular ion peak is (M+) 270.02. The other fragments are 29.14, 41.72, 44.07, 54.18, 57.42, 59.04, 61.18, 63.11, 69.74, Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2020 334 http://adalyajournal.com/ ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 71.18, 74.34, 81.13, 84.74, 85.11, 87.29, 97.18, 99.65, 115.18, 129.43, 172.92, 185.04 and 227.19. Conclusions The present study mainly focuses to promote the traditional system of herbal medicine in India as there is an urgent need to find out a phytomedicine from plants without much side effects and also with high efficacy when compared to allopathic drugs. We also emphasize the need for standardisation of the plant extracts on the basis of phytochemicals present in plant sources. The present research reveals the presence of the bioactive compound heptadacanoic acid in the leaf extract of Crotalaria verrucosa. The compound was isolated and characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MASS spectroscopy. The heptadecanoic acid is found to possess some pharmacological activities. Acknowledgment The authors are thankful to the management of Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli – 20 for providing necessary facilities and support to carry out this work. References 1. Martinez JL. Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments. Science. 321 (5887): 365–367, (2008). 2. Monk BC, Goffeau A. Outwitting multidrug resistance to antifungals. Science. 321(5887): 367– 369, (2008). 3. El-Wakeil NE. Botanical pesticides and their mode of action. Gesunde Pflanz. 65: 125–149, (2013). 4. Bhat P, Hegde G, Hegde GR. Ethnomedicinal practices in different communities of Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka for treatment of wounds. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012; 143:50 - 14. 5. K.Okonwu and I.G. Eboh. Effect of seed treatment on the germination of Crotalaria verrucosL. Journal of applied life sciences international 10 (2): 1 – 8, 2017. 6. G. Prabhakar, P. Kamalakar, T.AshokVardhan and K. Shailaja. In – Vitro screening of antibacterial activity of seeds of crotalaria verrucosa L. and Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2020 335 http://adalyajournal.com/ ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746 Durantaerecta L. Eropean journal of pharmaceutical and medical research 2015, 2 (4), 411 – 419. 7. Maria Pfeuffer* and Anke Jaudszus Pentadecanoic and Heptadecanoic Acids: Multifaceted Odd-Chain Fatty Acids. American Society for Nutrition. Advnced Nutr 2016;7:730–4 Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2020 336 http://adalyajournal.com/.
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