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Profile of a Plant: the Olive in Early Medieval Italy, 400-900 CE By
Profile of a Plant: The Olive in Early Medieval Italy, 400-900 CE by Benjamin Jon Graham A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the University of Michigan 2014 Doctoral Committee: Professor Paolo Squatriti, Chair Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes Professor Richard P. Tucker Professor Raymond H. Van Dam © Benjamin J. Graham, 2014 Acknowledgements Planting an olive tree is an act of faith. A cultivator must patiently protect, water, and till the soil around the plant for fifteen years before it begins to bear fruit. Though this dissertation is not nearly as useful or palatable as the olive’s pressed fruits, its slow growth to completion resembles the tree in as much as it was the patient and diligent kindness of my friends, mentors, and family that enabled me to finish the project. Mercifully it took fewer than fifteen years. My deepest thanks go to Paolo Squatriti, who provoked and inspired me to write an unconventional dissertation. I am unable to articulate the ways he has influenced my scholarship, teaching, and life. Ray Van Dam’s clarity of thought helped to shape and rein in my run-away ideas. Diane Hughes unfailingly saw the big picture—how the story of the olive connected to different strands of history. These three people in particular made graduate school a humane and deeply edifying experience. Joining them for the dissertation defense was Richard Tucker, whose capacious understanding of the history of the environment improved this work immensely. In addition to these, I would like to thank David Akin, Hussein Fancy, Tom Green, Alison Cornish, Kathleen King, Lorna Alstetter, Diana Denney, Terre Fisher, Liz Kamali, Jon Farr, Yanay Israeli, and Noah Blan, all at the University of Michigan, for their benevolence. -
Table of Content
Sustainable Development, Culture, Traditions Journal……………..………………..1a/2016 THE SYRIAN CRISIS AND THE DESTRUCTION OF URBAN HERITAGE. Three case studies: Palmyra, Damascus and Aleppo Samir Abdulac Ph.D. Urban Planning – Architect DPLG, Dip UCL Bartlett Chair, Working Group for Safeguarding Cultural Heritage in Syria and Iraq VP, CIVVIH - Expert Member, ICORP – ICOMOS France 7 rue Paul Barruel, 75015 Paris, France. Tel: +33 1 43 06 96 54 [email protected] Abstract The Syrian crisis, which has turned into a civil war, has been devastating for the population, the country and cultural heritage. The destruction of urban heritage is presented through three case studies: Palmyra, a most renown antique city which has lost many of its monuments, Old Damascus, which was partly reconstructed after a heavy bombing in 1925 and which was provided with risk preparedness guidelines. Old Aleppo, which was a successful model of urban rehabilitation in the 1990s and 2000s, and which is now largely destroyed. The current safeguarding actions by national and international stakeholders includes the DGAM, UNESCO, ICOMOS and many others. Present ICOMOS projects are described as and some directions for future comprehensive urban revitalisation are outlined. Key words: Syria – Urban Heritage – War - Destruction – Palmyra – Damascus - Aleppo Introduction The crisis in Syria and its devastating effects in terms of human suffering is almost daily raising the world attention since the beginning of 2011. Press articles and reports have also reported the damage to some of its best-known monuments as well as the ongoing illicit traffic of its ancient artefacts. No study has been yet devoted to its historic cities, whether ancient or traditional, as far as we know. -
Pilgrimage in Syria 8 Days
Pilgrimage in Syria 8 Days Day 1: Arrival Arrival to airport Meet and assist and transfer to Hotel Dinner and overnight Day 2: Saydnaya – Maaloula – Saint George – Krak Saydnaya: It was one of the episcopal cities of the ancient Patriarchate of Antioch. Associated with many Biblical and religious events, local tradition holds it as the site where Cain slew his brother Abel. Pilgrims seek Saidnaya for renewal of faith and for healing. Renowned for its faithfulness to Christianity, tradition holds that the Convent of Our Lady of Saidnaya was constructed by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I in 547 AD, after he had two visions of Mary. Also located in the convent of Saidnaya is an icon of the Holy Mother and Child known as the Shaghurah and reputed to have been painted by Luke the Evangelist which is believed to protect its owners from harm in times of danger. Maaloula: It is the only place where a dialect of the Western branch of the Aramaic language is still spoken. Scholars have determined that the Aramaic of Jesus belonged to this particular branch as well. Maaloula represents, therefore, an important source for anthropological linguistic studies regarding first century Aramaic. There are two important monasteries in Maaloula: Greek Catholic Mar Sarkis and Greek Orthodox Mar Thecla. Mar Sarkis is one of the oldest surviving monasteries in Syria. It was built on the site of a pagan temple, and has elements which go back to the fifth to sixth century Byzantine period. Mar Taqla monastery holds the remains of St. Taqla; daughter of one of Seleucid princes, and pupil of St. -
Trade and Transport in Late Roman Syria Christopher Wade Fletcher University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2016 Trade and Transport in Late Roman Syria Christopher Wade Fletcher University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Geographic Information Sciences Commons, Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, Remote Sensing Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Fletcher, Christopher Wade, "Trade and Transport in Late Roman Syria" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 1594. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1594 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Trade and Transport in Late Roman Syria A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology Christopher Fletcher University of Arkansas Fayetteville Bachelor of Arts in Anthropology Spring 2013 Bachelor of Arts in History Fall 2013 May 2016 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council Dr. Jesse Casana Thesis Director Dr. Kenneth L. Kvamme Committee Member Dr. Wesley D. Stoner Committee Member Abstract Despite the relative notoriety and miraculous level of preservation of the Dead Cities of Syria, fundamental questions of economic and subsistence viability remain unanswered. In the 1950s Georges Tchalenko theorized that these sites relied on intensive olive monoculture to mass export olive oil to urban centers. Later excavations discovered widespread cultivation of grains, fruit, and beans which directly contradicted Tchalenko’s assertion of sole reliance on oleoculture. -
Integration of Social Life with Urban Space Syntax-Revised
BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY VYSOKÉ UČENÍ TECHNICKE V BRNE FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT OF THEORY FAKULTY ARCHITEKTURY- ÚSTAV TEORIE INTEGRATION OF SOCIAL LIFE WITH URBAN SPACE SYNTAX Integrování společenského života a urbánní prostorové syntaxe A dissertation submitted for the degree of Ph.D. Architecture At Brno University of Technology Faculty of Architecture Author: Ing. Arch. Najeh Mohammed Mohammed Supervisor: Doc. Ing. Arch. Maximilian Wittman, Ph.D Brno September, 2011 Mohammed, N. M. Integration of Social Life with Urban Space Syntax, Brno, 2011. 189 pages. A dissertation submitted at the Faculty of Architecture, Brno university of Technology, Department of Theory. Supervisor: Doc. Ing. Arch. Maximilian Wittman, Ph.D ii Declaration by Author I hereby declare that this thesis is my own work and effort and that it has not been already submitted anywhere or for any other degree. All sources of information used in the thesis have been acknowledged. Brno, 2011 Signature iii I dedicate this work to the spirit of my father… He is the reason of much of how I am and what I am doing now. iv Abstract Studies in space syntax and cognition have shown consistent statistical relationship between configurational properties of space layouts and people’s spatial cognition (the ability to recall and form a map of space). However, these studies stress the aspect of spatial cognition that is based on the layout and quality of environment and say nothing about the view that considers the cognitive mapping as a process that is culturally constrained and results in the filtering of messages from the environment in which people live, this means we may have different cognitive mapping outcomes based on people’s values and considerations. -
ASOR Syrian Heritage Initiative (SHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria1 NEA-PSHSS-14-001
ASOR Syrian Heritage Initiative (SHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria1 NEA-PSHSS-14-001 Weekly Report 9 – October 6, 2014 MiChael D. Danti, Cheikhmous Ali, Jesse Casana, and Kurt W. PresCott Heritage Timeline October 5, 2014 APSA posted Syria’s Cultural Heritage: APSA-report-01 September 2014. This report includes the individual APSA reports detailed in SHI Weekly Reports 3–9. http://www.apsa2011.Com/index.php/en/apsa- rapports/987-apsa-report-september-2014.html October 3, 2014 APSA posted photos from journalist Shady Hulwe showing the total destruCtion of the Khusruwiye Madrasa and Mosque and the damage to the Khan al-Shouna in the UNESCO World Heritage Site, AnCient City of Aleppo. SHI InCident Report SHI14-054. • The New York Times published “Antiquities Lost, Casualties of War. In Syria and Iraq, Trying to ProteCt a Heritage at Risk,” by Graham Bowley. http://www.nytimes.Com/2014/10/05/arts/design/in-syria- and-iraq-trying-to-proteCt-a-heritage-at-risk.html?_r=0 October 2, 2014 APSA posted several photographs taken by Syrian journalist Shady Hulwe showing damage to the Hittite temple of the weather-god on the Aleppo Citadel in the UNESCO World Heritage Site, AnCient City of Aleppo. SHI InCident Report SHI14-039. October 1, 2014 APSA posted a video to their website showing a fire at the Great Umayyad Mosque in the UNESCO World Heritage Site, AnCient City of Aleppo. SHI InCident Report SHI14-040. http://www.apsa2011.Com/index.php/en/provinces/aleppo/great- umayyad-mosque/975-alep-omeyyades-2.html September 30, 2014 DGAM released Initial Damages Assessment for Syrian Cultural Heritage During the Crises covering the period July 7, 2014 to September 30, 2014. -
Pilgrimage in Syria 4 Days
Pilgrimage in Syria 4 Days Day 1: Arrival Arrival to airport Meet and assist and transfer to Hotel Dinner and overnight Day 2: Full day Damascus Damascus is mentioned in Genesis 14:15 as existing at the time of the War of the Kings Nicolaus of Damascus, in the fourth book of his History, says thus: "Abraham reigned at Damascus”. According to the New Testament, Saint Paul was on the road to Damascus when he received a vision of Jesus, and as a result accepted him as the Messiah. The Damascus Straight Street (referred to in the conversion of St. Paul in Acts 9:11), also known as the Via Recta, was the decumanus of Roman Damascus, and extended for over 1,500 meters (4,900 ft). Today, it consists of the street of Bab Sharqi and the Souk Medhat Pasha. The House of Saint Ananias (also called Chapel of Saint Ananias) is the ancient alleged house of Saint Ananias, in the old Christian quarter. It is said by some to be the house where Ananias baptized Saul. The Chapel of Saint Paul is a modern stone chapel in Damascus that incorporates materials from the Bab Kisan, the ancient city gate through which Paul was lowered to escape the jews After began the tireless Christian preaching that would characterize the rest of his life (Acts 9:20-25). Paul himself later says that it was through a window that he escaped from certain death (2 Cor 11:32-33). According to the Acts of the Apostles, Saint Thomas also lived in that neighborhood. -
Historic Preservation, Discourses of Modernity, and Lived
Copyright by Faedah Maria Totah 2006 The Dissertation Committee for Faedah Maria Totah Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: HISTORIC PRESERVATION, DISCOURSES OF MODERNITY, AND LIVED EXPERIENCES IN THE OLD CITY OF DAMASCUS, SYRIA Committee: Richard Flores, Supervisor Deborah Kapchan, Co-Supervisor Kamran Ali John Hartigan, Jr. Christopher Long HISTORIC PRESERVATION, DISCOURSES OF MODERNITY, AND LIVED EXPERIENCES IN THE OLD CITY OF DAMASCUS, SYRIA by Faedah Maria Totah, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2006 Dedication To my parents: Musa Ibrahim Totah (1939-1994) Suad Sahouria Totah (1937-2003) Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to thank my committee members Richard Flores, Deborah Kapchan, Kamran Ali, John Hartigan, Jr., and Christopher Long who at different times and in various ways guided me through the process of graduate school and dissertation writing. Funds for this research were made possible by the IIE Fulbright Award (2001- 2002) and the Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Award (2003-2004). I would like to thank Mary Alice Davila who coordinated the Fulbright-Hays Award at The University of Texas at Austin. In Syria I was fortunate to meet wonderful and generous people who helped in many ways, not only in making this research possible but in guiding me through the intricacies of life there. I especially want to mention Dr. Kharieh Kasmieh, Sarab Atassi, Jens Damborg, Sa’d Hamoudeh, AbduRaouf Adawan, Sahar Hassibi, Stephanie Kock, Jacques Montlucon, Simone Ricci, Samer Kozah, Ivy Po, and Nell Gabiam. -
Syria's Cultural Heritage in Conflict
DAMAGE TO THE SOUL: SYRIA’S CULTURAL HERITAGE IN CONFLICT 1 16 MAY 2012 Emma Cunliffe, Durham University, and “Damage to the heritage of the country is damage to the soul of its people and its identity” Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO 2 As the focus of this report is the cultural heritage of Syria, the massive loss of human life during the conflict is not mentioned in the body of the report. However, this heritage was built by the ancestors of those who have gone, and those who remain. It is remembered by them, and cared for by them, to be Patrimoine Syriensed on to their descendants and to the world. History starts and ends with memory, and the Patrimoine Syrient is carried in the shared memory of the present. One cannot exist without the other. I feel the only place to start this report is to express our deep sadness at the loss of life, our sympathy to those who have suffered, and extend our sincerest condolences to all those who have lost friends and loved ones. With thanks to the Arts and Humanities Research Council, Trevelyan Collage Durham University, and the Global Heritage Fund Fellowship Page 2 of 55 Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Background ................................................................................................................................................. 4 Information Sources and Copyright ................................................................................................... -
Ancient Villages of Northern Syria
Consultations ICOMOS consulted its International Scientific Committees Ancient villages of Northern Syria on Archaeological Heritage Management, Historic Towns (Syrian Arab Republic) and Villages, Cultural Landscapes, and several independent experts. No 1348 Literature consulted (selection) De Vogüé, M., Syrie centrale, Architecture civile et religieuse du Ie au VIIe siècle, 2 vol., Paris, 1865-1867. Official name as proposed by the State Party The Ancient Villages of Northern Syria Green, K.: The archaeology of the Roman economy, University of California Press, 1986. Location Governorates of Aleppo and Idleb Lavergne, M., « L'urbanisation contemporaine de la Syrie du nord », Revue du monde musulman et de la Méditerranée, Provinces of Daret Azza, al-Bara, Maaret an-Nouman, n° 62, 1992, p.195-208. Qalb Loze, Ras al-Hosn and Jisr al-Shoughour Syrian Arab Republic Sartre, M., « Villes et villages du Hauran (Syrie) du Ier au IVe siècle », Frezouls E.(éd.), Sociétés urbaines, sociétés rurales Brief description dans l'Asie Mineure et la Syrie hellénistiques et romaines, Located in the vast Limestone Massif in northwest Syria, Strasbourg, 1987, p.239-257. some forty ancient villages have been selected for the property because of their remarkable state of Tate, G., Les campagnes de la Syrie du nord du IIe au VIIe siècle : Un exemple d'expansion démographique et architectural and landscape preservation. They provide a économique, Paris, 1992. coherent insight into the rural lifestyles of villagers in late Antiquity and the Byzantine Period. Definitively Technical Evaluation Mission th th abandoned in the 8 to 10 centuries, they still retain a An ICOMOS technical evaluation mission visited the large part of their monuments and original buildings: property from 8 to 15 October 2010. -
History of the Christian Church, Volume I: Apostolic Christianity
History of the Christian Church, Volume I: Apostolic Christianity. A.D. 1-100. by Philip Schaff About History of the Christian Church, Volume I: Apostolic Christianity. A.D. 1-100. by Philip Schaff Title: History of the Christian Church, Volume I: Apostolic Christianity. A.D. 1-100. URL: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/hcc1.html Author(s): Schaff, Philip (1819-1893) Publisher: CCEL First Published: 1882 Print Basis: Revised edition Rights: Public Domain Date Created: 2002-11-26 Contributor(s): Wendy Huang (Markup) CCEL Subjects: All; History; LC Call no: BR145.S3 1882-1910 LC Subjects: Christianity History History of the Christian Church, Volume I: Apostolic Christianity. Philip Schaff A.D. 1-100. Table of Contents About This Book. p. ii History of the Christian Church. p. 1 Preface to the Revised Edition. p. 1 From the Preface to the First Edition. p. 2 Preface to the Third Revision. p. 3 Contents. p. 4 Addenda. p. 4 Literature. p. 6 Nature of Church History. p. 7 Branches of Church History. p. 10 Sources of Church History. p. 12 Periods of Church History. p. 13 Uses of Church History. p. 17 Duty of the Historian. p. 18 Literature of Church History. p. 21 Preparation for Christianity in the History of the Jewish. p. 36 Central Position of Christ in the History of the World. p. 37 Judaism. p. 38 The Law, and the Prophecy. p. 43 Heathenism. p. 46 Grecian Literature, and the Roman Empire. p. 49 Judaism and Heathenism in Contact. p. 54 Jesus Christ. p. 57 Sources and Literature. -
(CHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria and Iraq1
ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives (CHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria and Iraq1 NEA-PSHSS-14-001 Weekly Report 81–82 — February 17 –March 1, 2016 Michael D. Danti, Amr Al-Azm, Allison Cuneo, Susan Penacho, Bijan Rouhani, Marina Gabriel, Kyra Kaercher, Jamie O’Connell Executive Summary During the reporting period, multiple suicide bombings targeted mosques in both Iraq and Syria. Another Shia mosque in Muqdadiyah was targeted approximately six weeks following a mass targeting of mosques by ISIL militants and supporters, while a Shia mosque in Baghdad was also attacked. In Syria the Shrine of Sayyida Zainab was also attacked for the second time in less than a month. In addition to kidnapping, ransoming, and expelling Christian populations, ISIL militants have also attacked at least 19 churches in the Hasakah area of Syria since the beginning of 2015. These incidents further indicate that ISIL is advancing its pattern of terrorizing vulnerable populations, particularly ethnic and religious minorities, within its occupied regions while also directing increased efforts to accelerate sectarian tensions between Sunni and Shia in order to proliferate the conflict in Iraq. Aerial bombing campaigns continue to inflict significant damage to heritage sites throughout Syria. One mosque in Homs Governorate and three mosques in Aleppo Governorate were damaged in airstrikes. Relatedly, Day After Heritage Protection Initiative conducted a site assessment for the site of Ebla at the end of February 2016 following multiple direct hits by airstrikes to the ancient site. Between August and September 2015 The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative produced two condition reports on heritage assets in the villages of Jaradeh and Serjilla located in Idlib Governorate.