DOCSLIB.ORG

PJ Gullan and PS Cranston

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PJ Gullan and PS Cranston Trim size: 189mm x 246mm Gullan f01.tex V2 - 05/20/2014 1:46 P.M. Page ii Trim size: 189mm x 246mm Gullan f01.tex V2 - 05/20/2014 1:46 P.M. Page i THE INSECTS Trim size: 189mm x 246mm Gullan f01.tex V2 - 05/20/2014 1:46 P.M. Page ii Trim size: 189mm x 246mm Gullan f01.tex V2 - 05/20/2014 1:46 P.M. Page iii Fifth Edition THE INSECTS AN OUTLINE OF ENTOMOLOGY P.J. Gullan and P.S. Cranston Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia & Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, USA With illustrations by Karina H. McInnes Trim size: 189mm x 246mm Gullan f01.tex V2 - 05/20/2014 1:46 P.M. Page iv This edition first published 2014 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Fourth edition published 2010 © 2010 by P.J. Gullan and P.S. Cranston Third edition published 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Second edition published 2000 by Blackwell Science First edition published 1994 by Chapman & Hall Registered office: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial offices: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reusethe copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UKCopyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author(s) have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gullan, P.J. The insects : an outline of entomology / P.J. Gullan and P.S. Cranston ; with illustrations by Karina H. McInnes. – Fifth edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-118-84615-5 (cloth) 1. Insects. 2. Entomology. I. Cranston, P.S. II. Title. QL463.G85 2014 595.7– dc23 2014013797 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Cover image: A cartoon depicting some accidental passenger insects – a consequence of increased global commerce. Cover design by Peter Cranston and Karina McInness. Set in 9/11pt, PhotinaMTStd by Laserwords Private Limited, Chennai, India 1 2014 Trim size: 189mm x 246mm Gullan ftoc.tex V3 - 07/16/2014 7:28 A.M. Page v CONTENTS List of colour plates, ix 3 INTERNAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY, 56 List of boxes, xiii 3.1 Muscles and locomotion, 57 3.2 The nervous system and Preface to the fifth edition, xv co-ordination, 63 Preface to the fourth edition, xvii 3.3 The endocrine system and the function of hormones, 66 Preface to the third edition, xix 3.4 The circulatory system, 69 3.5 The tracheal system and gas Preface to the second edition, xxi exchange, 73 3.6 The gut, digestion and nutrition, 77 Preface and acknowledgments for first edition, xxiii 3.7 The excretory system and waste About the companion website, xxv disposal, 86 3.8 Reproductive organs, 90 1 THE IMPORTANCE, DIVERSITY Further reading, 93 AND CONSERVATION OF INSECTS, 1 4 SENSORY SYSTEMS 1.1 What is entomology?, 2 AND BEHAVIOUR, 95 1.2 The importance of insects, 2 4.1 Mechanical stimuli, 96 1.3 Insect biodiversity, 6 4.2 Thermal stimuli, 105 1.4 Naming and classification of insects, 10 4.3 Chemical stimuli, 107 1.5 Insects in popular culture and 4.4 Insect vision, 117 commerce, 11 4.5 Insect behaviour, 122 1.6 Culturing insects, 13 Further reading, 124 1.7 Insect conservation, 14 1.8 Insects as food, 20 5 REPRODUCTION, 125 Further reading, 25 5.1 Bringing the sexes together, 126 5.2 Courtship, 128 2 EXTERNAL ANATOMY, 26 5.3 Sexual selection, 128 2.1 The cuticle, 27 5.4 Copulation, 131 2.2 Segmentation and tagmosis, 33 5.5 Diversity in genitalic morphology, 136 2.3 The head, 35 5.6 Sperm storage, fertilization and sex 2.4 The thorax, 45 determination, 139 2.5 The abdomen, 52 5.7 Sperm competition, 140 Further reading, 55 5.8 Oviparity (egg-laying), 144 Trim size: 189mm x 246mm Gullan ftoc.tex V3 - 07/16/2014 7:28 A.M. Page vi vi Contents 5.9 Ovoviviparity and viviparity, 150 9 GROUND-DWELLING 5.10 Other modes of reproduction, 150 INSECTS, 249 5.11 Physiological control of 9.1 Insects of litter and soil, 250 reproduction, 153 9.2 Insects and dead trees or decaying Further reading, 154 wood, 260 9.3 Insects and dung, 261 6 INSECT DEVELOPMENT 9.4 Insect–carrion interactions, 264 AND LIFE HISTORIES, 156 9.5 Insect–fungal interactions, 265 6.1 Growth, 157 9.6 Cavernicolous insects, 268 6.2 Life-history patterns and 9.7 Environmental monitoring using phases, 158 ground-dwelling hexapods, 268 6.3 Process and control of moulting, 169 Further reading, 270 6.4 Voltinism, 172 6.5 Diapause, 173 10 AQUATIC INSECTS, 271 6.6 Dealing with environmental 10.1 Taxonomic distribution and extremes, 174 terminology, 272 6.7 Migration, 178 10.2 The evolution of aquatic lifestyles, 275 6.8 Polymorphism and polyphenism, 180 10.3 Aquatic insects and their oxygen 6.9 Age-grading, 181 supplies, 277 6.10 Environmental effects on 10.4 The aquatic environment, 282 development, 183 10.5 Environmental monitoring using aquatic Further reading, 188 insects, 284 10.6 Functional feeding groups, 285 7 INSECT SYSTEMATICS: 10.7 Insects of temporary waterbodies, 286 PHYLOGENY AND 10.8 Insects of the marine, intertidal and CLASSIFICATION, 190 littoral zones, 287 7.1 Systematics, 191 Further reading, 288 7.2 The extant Hexapoda, 201 7.3 Informal group Entognatha: Collembola 11 INSECTS AND PLANTS, 289 (springtails), Diplura (diplurans) and 11.1 Coevolutionary interactions between Protura (proturans), 202 insects and plants, 291 7.4 Class Insecta (true insects), 203 11.2 Phytophagy (or herbivory), 293 Further reading, 224 11.3 Insects and plant reproductive biology, 313 8 INSECT EVOLUTION 11.4 Insects that live mutualistically in AND BIOGEOGRAPHY, 227 specialized plant structures, 318 8.1 Relationships of the Hexapoda to other Further reading, 320 Arthropoda, 228 8.2 The antiquity of insects, 229 12 INSECT SOCIETIES, 322 8.3 Were the first insects aquatic or 12.1 Subsociality in insects, 323 terrestrial?, 236 12.2 Eusociality in insects, 327 8.4 Evolution of wings, 238 12.3 Inquilines and parasites of social 8.5 Evolution of metamorphosis, 241 insects, 345 8.6 Insect diversification, 242 12.4 Evolution and maintenance of 8.7 Insect biogeography, 244 eusociality, 348 8.8 Insect evolution in the Pacific, 245 12.5 Success of social insects, 351 Further reading, 247 Further reading, 353 Trim size: 189mm x 246mm Gullan ftoc.tex V3 - 07/16/2014 7:28 A.M. Page vii Contents vii 13 INSECT PREDATION 17 INSECTS IN A CHANGING AND PARASITISM, 354 WORLD, 457 13.1 Prey/host location, 355 17.1 Models of change, 458 13.2 Prey/host acceptance and 17.2 Economically significant insects under manipulation, 361 climate change, 463 13.3 Prey/host selection and specificity, 364 17.3 Implications of climate change for insect 13.4 Population biology – predator/parasitoid biodiversity and conservation, 467 and prey/host abundance, 372 17.4 Global trade and insects, 468 13.5 The evolutionary success of insect Further reading, 473 predation and parasitism, 375 Further reading, 376 18 METHODS IN ENTOMOLOGY: COLLECTING, PRESERVATION, 14 INSECT DEFENCE, 377 CURATION AND 14.1 Defence by hiding, 379 IDENTIFICATION, 474 14.2 Secondary lines of defence, 380 18.1 Collection, 475 14.3 Mechanical defences, 382 18.2 Preservation and curation, 478 14.4 Chemical defences, 384 18.3 Identification, 488 14.5 Defence by mimicry, 388 Further reading, 491 14.6 Collective defences in gregarious and social insects, 392 TAXOBOXES, 493 Further reading, 396 1 Entognatha: non-insect hexapods (Collembola, Diplura and Protura), 493 15 MEDICAL AND VETERINARY 2 Archaeognatha (Microcoryphia; ENTOMOLOGY, 397 archaeognathans or bristletails), 495 15.1 Insects as causes and vectors of 3 Zygentoma (silverfish), 496 disease, 398 4 Ephemeroptera (mayflies), 497 15.2 Generalized disease cycles, 399 5 Odonata (damselflies and 15.3 Pathogens, 399 dragonflies), 498 15.4 Forensic entomology, 413 6 Plecoptera (stoneflies), 500 15.5
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wildlife Report Review of 2019
    WILDLIFE REPORT REVIEW OF 2019 TOP – EARLY BUMBLE BEE BOTTOM – SWALLOWTAIL MOTH Introduction The end of 2019 is the appropriate moment to look closely at how this year has been for wildlife at Eric wall LTD. This will inform the business about what the site is achieving towards meeting the objectives of the LEAF organisation. There are highlights and moderate successes as well as some disappointments. In order to assess the situation a suite of indicators are used. The specific indicators are birds, butterflies, moths and orchids. All these groups of species are regularly monitored; the data is collected and stored. Information about other species including reptiles, mammals and other insects; especially bees is also collected as anecdotal observations. In excess of 5% of the nursery land holding can currently be managed for the benefit of wildlife and Rowan Tree planted in 2015 the quality of this management will also be examined in this report. The United Kingdom government’s Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) latest State of Nature report shows that the trends for wildlife numbers and distribution are more likely to be declining than expanding. For a business like Eric Wall LTD the fact that many rare and specialised species are declining is not relevant, these species have never been present here. The important statistics concern the general abundance of the commoner species. The report highlights that general species abundance has declined by 13% since the 1970s. It is in this area that this business can do things that can help to arrest this decline; or equally carry out actions that reinforce this trend.
    [Show full text]
  • List of UK BAP Priority Terrestrial Invertebrate Species (2007)
    UK Biodiversity Action Plan List of UK BAP Priority Terrestrial Invertebrate Species (2007) For more information about the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP) visit https://jncc.gov.uk/our-work/uk-bap/ List of UK BAP Priority Terrestrial Invertebrate Species (2007) A list of the UK BAP priority terrestrial invertebrate species, divided by taxonomic group into: Insects, Arachnids, Molluscs and Other invertebrates (Crustaceans, Worms, Cnidaria, Bryozoans, Millipedes, Centipedes), is provided in the tables below. The list was created between 1995 and 1999, and subsequently updated in response to the Species and Habitats Review Report published in 2007. The table also provides details of the species' occurrences in the four UK countries, and describes whether the species was an 'original' species (on the original list created between 1995 and 1999), or was added following the 2007 review. All original species were provided with Species Action Plans (SAPs), species statements, or are included within grouped plans or statements, whereas there are no published plans for the species added in 2007. Scientific names and commonly used synonyms derive from the Nameserver facility of the UK Species Dictionary, which is managed by the Natural History Museum. Insects Scientific name Common Taxon England Scotland Wales Northern Original UK name Ireland BAP species? Acosmetia caliginosa Reddish Buff moth Y N Yes – SAP Acronicta psi Grey Dagger moth Y Y Y Y Acronicta rumicis Knot Grass moth Y Y N Y Adscita statices The Forester moth Y Y Y Y Aeshna isosceles
    [Show full text]
  • Species List 02/11/2017
    1 of 27 Kelvingrove Park - species list 02/11/2017 Group Taxon Common Name Earliest Latest Records acarine Hydracarina 2004 2004 1 amphibian Bufo bufo Common Toad 2014 2014 2 amphibian Lissotriton helveticus Palmate Newt 2006 2006 1 amphibian Lissotriton vulgaris Smooth Newt 1997 1997 1 amphibian Rana temporaria Common Frog 2009 2017 6 annelid Alboglossiphonia heteroclita 2003 2004 2 annelid Erpobdella testacea 2003 2003 1 annelid Glossiphonia complanata 2003 2003 1 annelid Helobdella stagnalis 2003 2014 3 annelid Lumbricus terrestris Common Earthworm 1996 2000 1 annelid Naididae 2004 2004 1 annelid Tubificidae Tubificid Worm Sp. 2003 2004 2 bird Acanthis flammea Common (Mealy) Redpoll 1991 1991 1 bird Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk 1983 2008 7 bird Aegithalos caudatus Long-tailed Tit 1991 2017 16 bird Aix galericulata Mandarin Duck 1969 1969 1 bird Alcedo atthis Kingfisher 1988 2017 27 bird Anas penelope Wigeon 1994 1994 1 bird Anas platyrhynchos Mallard 1968 2014 246 bird Anser anser Greylag Goose 1973 1973 1 bird Apus apus Swift 2008 2014 4 bird Ardea cinerea Grey Heron 1991 2014 28 bird Aythya ferina Pochard 1939 1994 10 bird Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck 1992 2004 16 bird Bucephala clangula Goldeneye 1991 2006 59 bird Carduelis carduelis Goldfinch 1998 2014 12 bird Certhia familiaris Treecreeper 1995 2017 11 bird Chloris chloris Greenfinch 1988 2016 7 bird Chroicocephalus ridibundus Black-headed Gull 1961 2014 16 bird Cinclus cinclus Dipper 1991 2014 8 bird Columba livia Feral Pigeon 1958 2015 21 bird Columba oenas Stock Dove 2014 2015 2 bird Columba palumbus Woodpigeon 2014 2014 7 bird Corvus corone Carrion Crow 2014 2014 1 2 of 27 Kelvingrove Park - species list 02/11/2017 Group Taxon Common Name Earliest Latest Records bird Corvus corone agg.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterflies of the Family Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of the Frio River Basin, Northeastern Andes of Santander, Colombia
    www.biotaxa.org/rce. ISSN 0718-8994 (online) Revista Chilena de Entomología (2020) 46 (3): 533-543. Research Article Butterflies of the family Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of the Frio river basin, northeastern Andes of Santander, Colombia Mariposas de la familia Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) de la cuenca de río Frío, nororiente de los Andes de Santander, Colombia Alfonso Villalobos-Moreno1 , Néstor Cepeda-Olave2 , Julián A. Salazar-Escobar3 and Juan Carlos Agudelo-Martínez4 1Director Grupo de Investigaciones Entomológicas y Ambientales-GENA. Calle 91 No. 22-104 Apto 403, Bucaramanga, Colombia. 2Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales – GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. 3Museo de Historia Natural. Universidad de Caldas. 4Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Orinoquia. [email protected], [email protected] ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: B0867E70-05C2-4D9B-9CB4-24E3C19628D7 https://doi.org/10.35249/rche.46.3.20.20 Abstract. The sample was collected during the Characterization of wild Entomofauna of the Frio river basin jurisdiction of CDMB, in secondary forests in an altitudinal gradient from 1,000 to 2,911 masl. 79 specimens of the family Pieridae were collected, belonging to 13 genera of which Leptophobia had 5 species, and Catasticta and Eurema had 3 species each. We obtained 22 species distributed in six sampling locations, where the highest richness of species was in Diviso Experimental Center with 12 species and Esperanza Experimental Center with 10. The analysis of the inventory quality showed a potential richness of 32.81 species, a proportion of the observed species of 67.05% and a sampling effort of 76.41%. The comparison of inventories for each locality showed a certain similarity between La Nevera, La Mariana and La Judia, and fewer similarities with El Diviso.
    [Show full text]
  • Moth Surveys 2020
    Table of Contents Introduction 2 Visit 1 – 20th May, 2020 2 Visit 2 – 15th June, 2020 3 Visit 3 – 14th July, 2020 4 Visit 4 – 8th August, 2020 5 Visit 5 – 8th September, 2020 6 Visit 6 – 10th November, 2020 7 Summary 8 Acknowledgements 8 Appendix I – Recording Details 8 Appendix II – The Complete List 2020 8 Appendix III – National Status & Foodplants 15 Appendix IV – Other Wildlife Recorded During Survey 21 Some Photos From Sun Rising 2020 22 Cover Photo: 2064 (72.024) Ruby Tiger (Phragmatobia fuliginosa) 8th September, 2020 All photos in this report taken at Sun Rising by A. Prior © 2020 1 Sun Rising NBG Moth Surveys 2020 Introduction After the atrocious weather experienced going back to the last couple of months of 2019 it seems miraculous that six visits were made to Sun Rising during 2020. Throw in a frustrating global virus and it is even more so! Most were arranged at very short notice to take advantage of whatever decent weather was on offer. There were a couple of breezy nights, but they were mild enough to make them worthwhile and all were productive with additions of new species to further lengthen the site list. Visit 1 – 20th May, 2020 The weather finally relented towards the end of May and after all that had gone on earlier in the year it was decided that Martin Kennard and I should use this as a “test” night to see if we could carry on moth recording safely. Neither of us thought there should be any problem with that as by the very nature of moth recording we are widely separated.
    [Show full text]
  • The Value of Urban Ponds for Odonata and Plant Biodiversity
    The Value of Urban Ponds for Odonata and Plant Biodiversity Mary Ann Perron Thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies and Research University of Ottawa In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree in the Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5 Thèse soumise à l’École des Études Supérieures et de la Recherche Université d’Ottawa En vue de l’obtention du diplôme de doctorat (Ph.D.) au Département de Biologie, Université d’Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5 Mary Ann Perron, Ottawa, Canada, 2020 I dedicate this thesis to my father, Jules Perron, who is my biggest inspiration. I love you dad. ii Abstract Urbanization involves the conversion of natural areas to impervious surfaces, which can lead to an increase in the frequency and severity of flood events in cities. To mitigate flood risk, stormwater ponds are constructed to manage urban runoff. Stormwater ponds can also be colonized by wildlife, but their suitability as habitat is disputed due to potential toxicological risks. This study assessed the suitability of stormwater ponds as habitat for the bioindicators Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) and determined environmental factors that impact their community structure. Odonata (adults, nymphs and exuviae) were sampled at 41 stormwater ponds and 10 natural reference ponds across the National Capital Region of Canada, with a subset of ponds sampled over four years (2015-2018). Plant communities, water quality and surrounding land cover were analyzed at each pond to determine their impacts on Odonata community structure. Overall, stormwater ponds had lower Odonata abundance and a greater variation in species richness and community structure compared to natural ponds but had comparable dragonfly reproduction rates.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of Ecuadorian Pieridae (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) 545-580 ©Ges
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Atalanta Jahr/Year: 1996 Band/Volume: 27 Autor(en)/Author(s): Racheli Tommaso Artikel/Article: An annotated checklist of Ecuadorian Pieridae (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) 545-580 ©Ges. zur Förderung d. Erforschung von Insektenwanderungen e.V. München, download unter www.zobodat.at Atalanta (December 1996) 27(3/4): 545-580, Wurzburg, ISSN 0171-0079 An annotated checklist of Ecuadorian Pieridae (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) by To m m a s o R a c h e li received 21.111.1996 Abstract: An account of 134 Pierid taxa occurring in Ecuador is presented. Data are from 12 years field experience in the country and from Museums specimens. Some new species records are added to Ecuadorian fauna and it is presumed that at least a 10% more of new records will be obtained in the near future. Ecuadorian Pieridae, although in the past many taxa were described from this country, are far from being thoroughly known. One of the most prolific author was Hewitson (1852-1877; 1869-1870; 1870; 1877) who described many species from the collections made by Buckley and Simons . Some of the "Ecuador” citations by Hewitson are pointed out more precisely by the same author (Hewit ­ son , 1870) in his index to the list of species collected by Buckley in remote areas uneasily reached even to-day (V ane -Wright, 1991). An important contribution on Lepidoptera of Ecuador is given by Dognin (1887-1896) who described and listed many new species collected by Gaujon in the Loja area, where typical amazonian and páramo species are included.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Remarkable Fossil Insect Larvae from Burmese Amber Suggest the Presence of a Terminal Filum in the Direct Stem Lineage of Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata)
    Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy) vol. 126(1): 13-35. March 2020 TWO REMARKABLE FOSSIL INSECT LARVAE FROM BURMESE AMBER SUGGEST THE PRESENCE OF A TERMINAL FILUM IN THE DIRECT STEM LINEAGE OF DRAGONFLIES AND DAMSELFLIES (ODONATA) MARIO SCHÄDEL1*, PATRICK MÜLLER2 & JOACHIM T. HAUG1,3 1*Corresponding author. Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 2Friedhofstr. 9, 66894 Käshofen, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 3GeoBio-Center of the LMU Munich, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] To cite this article: Schädel M., Müller P. & Haug J.T. (2020) - Two remarkable fossil insect larvae from Burmese amber suggest the presence of a terminal filum in the direct stem lineage of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata). Riv. It. Paleontol. Strat., 126(1): 13-35. Keywords: character evolution; Cretaceous; moult; Myanmar; Odonatoptera; ontogeny. Abstract. The fossil record of dragonfly relatives (Odonatoptera) dates back to the Carboniferous, yet knowl- edge about these extinct animals is meagre. For most of the species little is known except for the characteristics of the wing venation. As a result, it is difficult to include fossil larvae in a (wing character based) phylogenetic tree as the wing venation is not visible in most of the larval instars. Two larval specimens from Cretaceous Burmese amber are in the focus of this study. The two specimens likely represent two subsequent early stage larval instars of the same individual. Not only is this an exceptional case to study ontogenetic processes in fossils – the larval instars are morphologically completely different from all known larvae of Odonata with respect to the posterior abdominal region.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Table 1. Results of Permanovas and Phylogenetic Manovas on Different Vision Models (Defined by Illuminant, Viewing Conditions and Bird Visual System)
    Supplementary table 1. Results of PERMANOVAs and phylogenetic MANOVAs on different vision models (defined by illuminant, viewing conditions and bird visual system). Dependent Visual Illuminant Viewing condition Test Statistic p-value variable system PERMANOVA F9 = 6.88 0.001 *** UVS phylogenetic MANOVA approx-F9 = 2.97 < 0.001 *** against a leaf PERMANOVA F9 = 6.93 0.001 *** VS phylogenetic MANOVA approx-F9 = 3.05 < 0.001 *** forest shade PERMANOVA F9 = 5.38 0.001 *** UVS phylogenetic MANOVA approx-F9 = 3.07 < 0.001 *** against the sky PERMANOVA F9 = 5.38 0.001 *** VS phylogenetic MANOVA approx-F9 = 3.36 < 0.001 *** PERMANOVA F9 = 7.04 0.001 *** UVS phylogenetic MANOVA approx-F9 = 3.01 < 0.001 *** against a leaf PERMANOVA F9 = 7.07 0.001 *** VS phylogenetic MANOVA approx-F9 = 3.10 < 0.001 *** xyzL woodland shade PERMANOVA F9 = 5.33 0.001 *** UVS phylogenetic MANOVA approx-F9 = 3.12 < 0.001 *** against the sky PERMANOVA F9 = 5.34 0.002 ** VS phylogenetic MANOVA approx-F9 = 3.39 < 0.001 *** PERMANOVA F9 = 7.24 0.001 *** UVS phylogenetic MANOVA approx-F9 = 3.00 < 0.001 *** against a leaf PERMANOVA F9 = 7.24 0.001 *** VS phylogenetic MANOVA approx-F9 = 3.07 < 0.001 *** large gap PERMANOVA F9 = 5.37 0.001 *** UVS phylogenetic MANOVA approx-F9 = 3.14 < 0.001 *** against the sky PERMANOVA F9 = 5.37 0.001 *** VS phylogenetic MANOVA approx-F9 = 3.38 < 0.001 *** x, y and z are the mean coordinates in the tetrahedral colour space of transparent areas for each species and L is the mean luminance.
    [Show full text]
  • Castniidae of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Wrocław: New Findings from Friedrich Wilhelm Niepelt's Co
    Nota Lepi. 44 2021: 123–132 | DOI 10.3897/nl.44.60261 Research Article Castniidae of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Wrocław: new findings from Friedrich Wilhelm Niepelt’s collection with comments on Karl Adolf Georg Lauterbach and August Weberbauer Jorge M. González1, Paweł J. Domagała2 1 Austin Achieve Public Schools, Austin, TX 78723, (Research Associate, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity), USA; e-mail: [email protected] 2 University of Opole, Institute of Biology, ul. Oleska 22, 45-052 Opole, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] http://zoobank.org/14CA338A-3748-493B-9EB5-45C6583B0BEF Received 1 November 2020; accepted 8 March 2021; published: 23 April 2021 Subject Editor: Alberto Zilli. Abstract. Further results of our research into the Giant Butterfly-Moths (Castniidae) of the Museum of Nat- ural History (University of Wrocław) are presented. Castniids of the Niepelt collection had previously been reviewed. However, while curating other sections of the Lepidoptera collection, we discovered 18 misplaced specimens belonging to nine taxa of Castniidae, several of them bearing typical labels by Niepelt. Among them, two are of particular interest, insofar as they are associated with the world-class botanists August We- berbauer (1871–1948) and Karl Adolf Georg Lauterbach (1864–1937). Introduction Examination of rich collections of Castniidae and other insect groups in several Polish museums (González et al. 2013a, b; Domagała et al. 2015, 2017a, b; Domagała and Dobosz 2019) led the authors to continue the exploration of such ever-surprising depositories. The role of museums as important repositories of biodiversity has been stressed on many occasions (e.g., Burrell et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Antennal Pathway of Dragonfly Nymphs, from Sensilla to the Brain Silvana Piersanti, Manuela Rebora, Gianandrea Salerno, Sylvia Anton
    The Antennal Pathway of Dragonfly Nymphs, from Sensilla to the Brain Silvana Piersanti, Manuela Rebora, Gianandrea Salerno, Sylvia Anton To cite this version: Silvana Piersanti, Manuela Rebora, Gianandrea Salerno, Sylvia Anton. The Antennal Pathway of Dragonfly Nymphs, from Sensilla to the Brain. Insects, MDPI, 2020, 11 (12), pp.886. 10.3390/in- sects11120886. hal-03137433 HAL Id: hal-03137433 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03137433 Submitted on 28 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. insects Article The Antennal Pathway of Dragonfly Nymphs, from Sensilla to the Brain Silvana Piersanti 1 , Manuela Rebora 1, Gianandrea Salerno 2 and Sylvia Anton 3,* 1 Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] (S.P.); [email protected] (M.R.) 2 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] 3 IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, 49045 Angers, France * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 1 December 2020; Accepted: 15 December 2020; Published: 16 December 2020 Simple Summary: The study of the sensory biology in aquatic insects undergoing incomplete metamorphosis, passing from nymphal life in fresh water to adult aerial life, provide great opportunities to understand how Arthropod nervous systems can adapt in response to critical ecological challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Castniidae)
    bs_bs_banner Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 170, 362–399. With 143 figures Phylogeny of Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Castniidae): testing the hypothesis of the mimics as a monophyletic group and implications for the arrangement of the genera SIMEÃO DE SOUZA MORAES1,2* and MARCELO DUARTE2 1Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, número 321, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 2Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré 481, 04263-000, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Received 19 March 2013; revised 11 October 2013; accepted for publication 13 October 2013 A cladistic analysis of the Neotropical Castniidae is presented using 120 morphological characters, and a taxonomic treatment based on that analysis is also presented. The tribe Gazerini as previously delimited was found to be paraphyletic with respect to the genera Ceretes, Divana, Riechia, Frostetola, and Oiticicastnia. The genera Castnia, Geyeria, and Athis were also found to be non-monophyletic taxa. The mimicry pattern had multiple independent origins in the Neotropical castniids, and at least two lineages, Riechia and Prometheus, are involved in Batesian mimicry rings with unpalatable butterfly models in the tribes Acraeini and Heliconiini (Nymphalidae). We propose for Castniini 13 new synonymies and 27 new combinations. Geyeria strigata (Walker, 1854) is revalidated. The generic placements of Athis superba (Strand, 1912) and Castnia eudesmia Gray, 1838 are questionable, but presently upheld. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 170, 362–399. doi: 10.1111/zoj.12102 ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: Batesian mimicry – new synonyms – taxonomy.
    [Show full text]