Caldwell, Stratton F. The,Hum4n Potential Movement; Forms Of
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DOCUMENT RESUME Q ED 110 423 SP 009 406 AUTHOR -Caldwell, Stratton F. TITLE The,Hum4n Potential Movement; Forms of 'Body/MVement/Nonverbal Experiencing, PUB1PATE' 75 NOTE 8p.; For related document, see SP 009 405; Paper presented at tii6 Forty-SecOnd Annual Conference of - the California Asspciation for Health, Physical Education, anct Recreation (42nd Los Angeles, ( California, March 21-24, 1975) EDRS PRICE MF-40.76 HC-$1.58 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Athletics; Body Image; Body Language; Individual Development; *Wonvetbal Communication; *Personal Growth; *Physical Activities; *Physical Education; Psychological eeds; Self Actualization 1 *Human Potential ovement 1 IDENTIFIERS ABSTRACT A social, humanistic movement s emerged which focuses on the desire of many affluent and adv ntagedcitizens for personal, interpersonal; transpersonal, and orgy izational growth. It has been terled4the "Human Potential Movement.", G owth centers,which emphasize the integrated totality°of the person, have developedall over the United States and throughout the worldduring the 1960s and 1970s. Within these centersth re has been a rediscovery of the body as central to oone's unified be ng andbecoming. A unique developments among growth centers is the e 11ergence ofthe Esalen Sports Center, which explores'the potential of athletic experiences foreliciting higher levels of awareness. There are many growth centers,colleges, and universities\ offering body, movement,and nonverbaloriented experiences that\can be utilized by physical educators and others as they seek new andylifferent program experiences.' (RC) ************************.********************************************* Documents acquired by ERIC include many informalunpublished *, *materials tot available from other sources. ERIC makes everyeffort* *to obtain the best copy available. nevertheless,items of marginal * * *reproducibility areoften encountered and this affects thequality *of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makesavailable * *via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRSiS not * *responsiblefor the quality of the original document.Reproductions *supplied by ENS are the best that can be made from theoriginal. ,* *********************************************************************** 4 THE HUMAN POTENTIAL MOEMENT: FORMS OF BODY/MOVEMENT/NONVERBAL EXPERIENCING Stratton F. Caldwell, Ph.D. Department of Physical Education Callfonnia State University, Northridge U S DEPARTMENTOF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION BEEN REPRO Teri 00C UMFNT HAS ppm DOLED EXACTLY ASRECEIVED ORGANIZATION ORIGIN THE PE PSON OR AT INC. IT POINTS OrviEVY OR OPiNiONS NECESSARILY REPRE STATED DO NOT INSTITUTEOr SENT01r IC AL NATIONAL EDUCA'ION POSITIONOP POLICY * Presented at the Forty-Second AnnualConference of the California Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation,March 21-24, 1975, Los Angeles, -3 California. 'Introduction During the 1960's, and continuing into the1970's; a social movement emerged, developed in the United States focused upon the search,demand, need of many for a different, changing America for the fulfillment, realization ofthe American Dream. This movement, personcentered/humanistic inintent, is manifesttin the demands, wants of many "minorities", i.e so., the fpoor,aged, chicanos, indians, migrants, unemployed, blacks, gays, women ego, for moreequal sharing,' participation in the American experiment. The Human Potential Movement One facet of this social, humanist movementhas developed, focused not upon meeting the social,, political and economic wants andneeds of the disadvan4ged and-, dispossessed, but rather thepsychological/sociological/spiritual hunger of many affluent and advantaged citizens in pursuit ofpersonal/interpersona1/4anspersonal); organizational growth, awareness, change, enlightenment. This quest has been Aptly termed. -the "Human Potential Movement" or "HumanPotentialit:T.s Movement". , The search forpersonal/interpersonal/transpersonal/organizational growth, awareness, change, enlightenment isevident in innumerable "educational","growth", "therapeutic", "spiritual" forms, environments, avenues, ways,strategies, metho dologies, experiences, approaches available toseekersl. Growth Centers Institutions, settings, places for thedevelopment/facilitation of personal/ interpersonal /transpersonal /organizational growth,change, awareness and enlightenment have developed, emerged all, over the United-Statesand throughout the world during and have evolved the 1960's and 1970's. Such encleavors are called "growth centers" as non conventional socialexperiffients/innovations/inventions. Growth centers emphasize humanness, wholeness, the integratedtotality of the person, providing experiences for individuals valuingsensing/feeling/varied ways of knowing as means of,personal/interpersonal/transpersonal/organizational facilitation ofgrowth/change in awareness, consciousness, behavior. Body) Nonverbal, Movement Phenomena Within growth center experiential emphases is astrong valuing, focus uponmind/ body, sensory, emotional, mental spiritualunion, integrated, unified, total/ resurrection of holistic human beings. There has been a rediscovery, renaissance, How the body as central, integral, valued in one'sunified being and becoming. different from conventional educationalinstitutions valuing primarily the life of overtly/ the mind, ... with rational, logical, material,symbolic forms and processes covertly excluding/demeaning/devaluing theworth, significance ofbody/nonverbal/ movement phenomena. the scope, emphases and In a continuing endeavor toidentity and'underst meaning of experiences centered inand/or encompris body/nonverbal/movement 1974 phenomena in growth centers, letters weresent in the fall of 1970, 1 72 and li erature. to growth centers throughout theworld asking for their descriptive ( 974) of Growth centers were identified in the1974 study from the annual list Over 170 pieces such centers published by theAssociation for Humanistic Psychology. (January, 1973 }), 1See Caldwell, S.F., "The Human PotentialMovement" (April, 1971), March, 1975 issues. (April, 1973) and/or The. PhysicalEducator, December, 1974, and -2-, of descriptive literature were received from centers on the AHP list(274 centers) and others not included on the AHP roster. Examination of the titles and/descriptions of offerings in growth, centers re- vealed an incredible variety and number of body/nonverbal/movement forms, approaches, methodologies, programs,' practices, procedures, paths, ways, emphases, resources, opportunities for personal/interpersonal/transpersonal/organizational growth, change; awareness and enlightenment involvingbody/movement/nonverbal phenomena. Body/Nonverbal/movement Forms/Approaches *SOO Amo the vast and,differing nUmbersof body /nonverbal /movementexperiences/ offerings emphases included in growth center literature received, were the following: bioenergetics, body awareness, meditation, nonverbal communication, gestalt awareness, yoga, psychogymnastics, massage, hypnosis, breathing, centering, tai chichuan, aerobics, biofeedback, Alexander technique, Reichian therapy, kinhin, space awareness, structural integration polarity therapy, accupuncture sensory awareness, ;leo- Reichian work, Arica, movement therapy,Mance, movementerikrais, shiatsu, reflexology, trance dance, acupressure, touch, energy work, stretching, hung fu, asanas, zone therapy, chiropractic, biorhythms, auto-suggestion, sensing,, nudity, sensory saturation, pranayama, ajJado, healing, trance induction, physical dynamics, body language, group energy, shysioSynthesis, body numerology, somatography, wu chi, blending, movement spontaneity, psychopantomime, kinesic-technique, structural patterning, eurhythmics, creative movement, spinal control/release, jogging, focusing, sensation primals, energetic anatomy, sexercises, resistance conditioning, do-in, consciousness awareness,. body release, body rhythms, sufi exercises, moving4editation, kath generation, walkingjapatbio-relaxation, endurance; flexibility, strength, inner space disciplines, physical character analysis, energy work, skiing, tai-do, psychosynthesis, play, sexuality, karate, psychomotor training, homeopathy, lomibody work and sport. The nonverbal/body/movem nt experiences/offerings/emphases listed anddescribed in the growth center literature most frequently were centered on Gestalt; the body; movement; bio-energetics; energy; massage; meditation;sensory/body awareness; encounter; psychosynthesis; tai chi chuan; structural integration(Rolling); structural patterning; dance; Feldenkrais; yoga; breathing; biofeedback;nonverbal communication; hypnosis; polarity therapy;Reichian/Neo-Reichian work; aikido; relaxation; the Alexander technique and sport (Esalen Institute). Other experiences/offeringt/emp s cited less frequently included: centering; arica; movement/dance therapy; acu cture; primal therapy; healing; shia su; sufi dancing /exercises; psychomotor therapy; weight control and lomi bodywork. 2lnformation about some of these approaches may be found in: Caldwell, S.F., "The Human Potential Movement: Body/Nonverbal/Movement Approaches to Human Growth". Research paper, Southwest District AAHPER Conference, April, 1975;Otto, Herbert and John Mann (Editors). Ways of Growth. New York: The Viking Press, 1968; Peterson, Severin. A Catalog of the Ways People Grow. New York: Ballantine,Booksy 1971. Rappaport, Bernard. "Carnal Knowledge:What the Wisdom of the Body has to Offer Psychotherapy", The Journal