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REVIEWS, London 92 MDTC JBO1RiT]H REVIEWS. [JAN. I JOURNAL]~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~8, 898. casee of fever in the vicinity of the dairy, and consequently ment of the health of troops, prisoners, and the population at contamination of the drains. Dr. Carter considered that this large. He devised new forms of statistical record, designed was a case in which the poison had been aerially conveyed in to display more clearly the influences affecting health and the shape of spores or otherwise, from the sewer, through the longevity. He initiated an important scheme of medico- leaking drain, to the pans of milk. The empty milk cans topographical surveys and reports intended to shed light on were kept in the cellar, but Dr. Carter did not think that the causation of disease. He promoted and aided in conduct- they could be contaminated sufficiently to affect the milk to ing a searching inquiry regarding the health and sanitation any extent. Drs. EVANS, FARROW, GOYDER, BELL, KITCHIN, of Calcutta, and started that sanitary movement of which the and CAMPBELL discussed the paper, and Dr. CARTER replied. capital city stood in such urgent need, and which is still in progress, and still far from being as real and effective as it ought to be. He was one of the main founders of the Calcutta NOTTINGHAM MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY.-At a meet- Hospital and Medical School. He aided in reorganising ing on December I5th, 1897, Dr. CATTLE, President, medical education. He assisted in developing the medicinal in the chair, Dr. W. B. RANSOm, read a paper on resources of India. He recommended the location of British Pernicious Anaemia, illustrated by lantern slides. The con- soldiers in the hills during the hot weather, and made many clusions arrived at were that blood destruction always played other valuable suggestions affecting military hygiene. In all a part in the pathogenesis of the disease, but evidence was these, and many other directions, he was able, by the foree brought to show that disease of the normal haemogenetic of his character, and by his urbanity and singlemindedness, tissues, in spite of compensatory activity of the medulla of to impress and influence those in authority. the long bones, without increase of the normal heemolytic During this period also he strove to raise and benefit his processes, could also produce the same group of symptoms. own service, and he succeeded in obtaining for them im- Pernicious anaemia might be due to inereased haemolysis proved pensions and a share of the honours and rewards caused by toxins absorbed from the digestive tract or else- distributed for good service. He continued to urge the claims where, or to excessive fragility of new-made red corpuscles of the Medical Services to equal rank and reward with their with normal haemolysis. There was no sufficient evidence combatant brother officers as long as he lived. In this matter that the hWemolytic process was confined to the portal area. he was at one with the ablest and greatest of Indian admini- Iron containing pigment might be found variously in liver, strators, the Marquis of Dalhousie, who in a long minute spleen, kidneys, and intestinal mucosa, but was probably in contended that " the medical officer in respect of real rank, all these places merely stored up or being excreted. dress, honours, and promotion should be placed on a footing with his brother officers." This must come, and the wonder is that it has been delayed so long. After leaving India Martin spent a busy professional life in REVIEWS, London. He was largely consulted in tropical cases, and took a prominent part in the great sanitary inquiries and reforms INSPECTOR-GENERAL SIR JAMES RANALD MARTIN, C.B.. of the day. He was an active member of the Health of Towns F.R.S. By Surgeon-General Sir JOSEPH FAYRER, Bart., Commission and of the Commission which investigated the K.C.S.I., LL.D., M.D., F.R.S., Q.H.P., etc. London: sanitary state of the army at home and abroad. He wrote A. D. Innes and Co. 1897. (Cr. 8vo, pp. 203, frontispiece valuable papers and books on sanitation and tropical medi- portrait. 6s.) cine-valuable especially from the standpoint of causation, JAmES RANALD MARTIN was a great man, and devoted a long prevention, and treatment. He was appointed successively life with conspicuous ability, diligence and tenacity of pur- Physician to the Secretary of State for India and President of pose to the saving of human life by means of the amelioration the India Medical Board, and served also as permanent of those conditions which give rise to fatal illness. He has member of the Army Sanitary Commission and of the Senate taken a chief place as a pioneer of preventive medicine in of the Army Medical School, Netley, in the organisation and India, and has also asserted a right to a prominent position management of which he took a keen interest. He may be among the promoters of sanitary reform in this country. The said to have died in harness. He contracted his fatal illness story of his busy and fruitful career could not have been only a few days after he retired from the Board in November, related more fitly than by his successor at the India Office, I874, having attained the age of 79. In the year i86o he was whose service abroad and at home, in its motives, its value, knighted and created a C.B. in recognition of his eminent and its results presents so many points of resemblance to public services, which were also acknowledged by several that of the subject of this memoir. scientific associations. A subscription was raised after his The task undertaken by Sir JOSEPH FAYRER has evidently death, in the medical profession, for the purpose of establish- been a congenial one, and has been executed with great skill the Ranald Martin Memorial Prize, which has been the means and excellent taste and judgment. Martin came of a good of eliciting some valuable essays on public medicine. Highland stock which in times past supplied not a few Such is a brief sketch of the man and the book. It is an eminent soldiers to the British Army. His own early leanings interesting record of a noble character, of high and worthy were towards a military career, but at his father's persuasion purposes, of efforts well conceived and pertinaciously pushed he studied medicine. He was a pupil of St. George's Hospital to success in most cases. Even where they have not fully and became a member of the College of Surgeons of England attained their aim, none of them have been futile; and they at' the:age of i8 years and 5 months. He obtained through have all, complete or incomplete, contributed to the attain- family interest an Assistant-Surgeoncy in the Bengal Presi- ment of that increasing purpose which in sanitation, as in dency and at the age of 21 proceeded to India. During the everything else, gathers bulk and force in its progress through early part of his service he encountered severe outbreaks of the ages. cholera, fever and dysentery, and distinguished himself by the energy and assiduity with which he threw himself into A HANDBOOK OF DISEASES OF THE NOSE AND PHARYNX. the task of combating them. In so doing he was himself By prostrated. On his recovery he obtained the coveted charge J. B. BALL, M.D. Third edition. London: Bailli6re, of the Governor General's bodyguard, in which capacity he Tindall, and Cox. 1897. (Crown 8vo, PP. 404. 78. 6d.) served during the greater part of the first Burmese war, until THIS Handbook of Diiease8 of the Nose and Pharbnr has in fact he was compelled by severe illness to fly that trying passed into its third edition within a remarkably short period province. The experiences which he encountered of deadly of time. The reason of this is not difficult to find. The author disease and frightful mortality must have stimulated that gives in clear, simple language such an exposition of the sub- ardent striving for sanitary reform which during the rest of ject as the practitioner desires to refer to. his life constituted its mainspring. Dr. BALL does not profess to have rewritten the book but Having again regained his health he obtained a Calcutta it is only just to say that there are very few pages whici do appointment, which gave him charge of a large hospital and not show evidence of the most careful revision in the light of enabled him to acquire a lucrative practice. During the ten such advances as have been made since the last issue. Thus years of his Calcutta life he was constantly engaged in in relation to oz.ena we find (p. 130) the statement that a schemes and projects having for their object the improve- certain number of cases have their origin in diseases of the JAN. 8, 1898.] NOTES ON BOOKS. [TimIHBRiTISH sinuses, especially of the sphenoidal sinus, and that in such The fact that locomotor ataxia may exist without loss of the cases the treatment thus indicated is followed by a cure of knee-jerk is also mentioned. The author supports the now the ozssna. Under the head of the Treatment of Chronic very generally accepted view that sufferers from this disease Hypertrophic Rhinitis the use of the turbinotome, or " spoke- show a very large percentage of past syphilis. shave," of Mr. Carmalt Jones meets with considerable appro- The most interesting parts of the work, however, are those bation. concerned with the prognosis and treatment.
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