Hubungan Kerajaan Negeri Sabah Dan Persekutuan Sewaktu Era Pemerintahan Parti Berjaya (1976 - 1985)

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Hubungan Kerajaan Negeri Sabah Dan Persekutuan Sewaktu Era Pemerintahan Parti Berjaya (1976 - 1985) Hubungan Kerajaan Negeri Sabah dan Persekutuan Sewaktu Era Pemerintahan Parti Berjaya (1976 - 1985) Japar Haji Ungki ABSTRAK Hubungan antara Kerajaan Negeri Sabah dan Persekutuan yang terjalin sekian lama telah memberikan kesan baik terhadap pembangunan ekonomi, sosial dan kestabilan politik. Penulisan ini akan melihat kesan hubungan kerajaan negeri dan persekutuan sewaktu era Parti Berjaya. Penulisan ini turut menyentuh secara ringkas sejarah hubungan kerajaan negeri dan persekutuan pasca Sabah bersama- sama membentuk Persekutuan Malaysia sehingga 1976 (sebelum era Parti Berjaya) dan semasa era PBS (1985 - 1990). Pemerintahan Parti Berjaya di Sabah dilihat dari dua fasa yang berikut iaitu Fasa Pertama (1976 - 1981) dan Fasa Kedua (1981 - 1985). Kesan hubungan baik antara kerajaan negeri dan pusat telah membolehkan tahap pembangunan negeri Sabah menjadi sangat baik, pertumbuhan ekonomi yang memberangsangkan dan memperlihatkan keseimbangan pembangunan antara bandar dan luar bandar. Penulisan ini turut menyentuh kemerosotan sokongan rakyat terhadap pemerintahan Parti Berjaya, walaupun tidak dapat dinafikan bahawa Parti Berjaya telah memberikan nikmat pembangunan, kemudahan sosial serta telah mengwujudkan suasana politik yang stabil. Hubungan akrab kerajaan negeri dan persekutuan memberikan kesan jangka panjang terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, kemajuan sosial serta kestabilan politik dan kesannya dapat dilihat pada hari ini. Hubungan baik kerajaan negeri dan persekutuan membolehkan rakyat Sabah mendapat banyak manfaat dari aspek pembangunan dan penyaluran dana persekutuan secara berterusan sewaktu era pemerintahan Parti Berjaya. Hubungan baik kerajaan negeri dan persekutuan membolehkan Parti Berjaya dapat diterima oleh rakyat pelbagai kaum di Sabah iaitu bumiputera Islam, bumiputera bukan Islam dan Cina sepanjang sembilan tahun pemerintahannya. Kata kunci: Hubungan, Pembangunan, Politik BERJAYA, Sabah. 1213 A. PENDAHULUAN Hubungan kerajaan negeri Sabah dan persekutuan semasa era pemerintahan Parti BERJAYA (1976-1985) merupakan kajian yang menarik. Sejarah perhubungan kerajaan negeri dan persekutuan yang begitu akrab dikatakan telah memberikan keuntungan dan kebaikan kepada kedua-dua belah pihak sama ada daripada politik, sosial dan ekonomi. Bagaimanapun hubungan akrab serta kerjasama akrab ini akhirnya terlerai secara drastik dan kesannya diterima oleh Parti BERJAYA apabila Parti BERJAYA mengalami kekalahan yang amat luar biasa serta memalukan dan paling tragis dalam sejarah politik Sabah. Tidak pernah dalam sejarah, sesebuah parti atau pemerintahan di negeri Sabah sejak Sabah membentuk Persekutuan Malaysia sehingga kini mengalami kekalahan yang begitu teruk dan rakyat menghukum sesebuah pemerintahan dengan rasa tanpa belas kasihan. Perkara ini akan dirungkai di dalam pembentangan ini secara kronologi dari sejarah pembentukan Parti BERJAYA, pemerintahan Parti BERJAYA selama dua fasa iaitu fasa pertama (1976-1981) dan fasa kedua (1981-1985), kemajuan yang dicapai oleh Parti BERJAYA dan sebab-sebab penolakan rakyat terhadap Parti Berjaya yang akhirnya menamatkan hayat Parti BERJAYA. B. PENUBUHAN PARTI BERJAYA Penubuhan Parti Bersatu Rakyat Jelata Sabah (BERJAYA) pada tahun 1975 merupakan suatu perancangan yang telah dibuat oleh kerajaan persekutuan di bawah pimpinan allahyarham Tun Abdul Razak bin Hussein, Perdana Menteri Malaysia pada ketika itu1. Pertemuan antara Datuk Harris Mohd. Salleh dengan Tun Razak di Sri Taman iaitu kediaman rasmi Perdana Menteri pada 11 Februari 1975 merupakan titik mula kepada penubuhan Parti BERJAYA2. Tindakan Tun Razak yang amat drastik ini adalah didorong oleh kegusaran Tun Razak yang amat bimbang dengan hasrat Tun Mustapha yang berhasrat membawa Sabah keluar daripada Malaysia3. Selain itu, Tun Razak telah melihat bahawa tindak-tanduk Tun Mustapha dalam beberapa perkara amat tidak disenangi oleh Tun Razak4. Malah dikatakan bahawa sejak awal tahun 1975, hubungan antara kerajaan perikatan (USNO-SCA), kerajaan persekutuan dan Barisan Nasional sangat renggang dan ini telah membawa kepada penubuhan Parti BERJAYA5. Penubuhan Parti BERJAYA telah mendapat dokongan beberapa orang tokoh politik Sabah terutama Datuk Harris Mohd. Salleh yang turut mencadangkan agar Tun Mohd. Fuad Stephens dilibatkan untuk merealisasikan penubuhan Parti BERJAYA6. Akhirnya penubuhan Parti BERJAYA menjadi kenyataan pada 15 Julai 1975 apabila secara rasmi Parti BERJAYA sah sebagai sebuah parti politik. Berita penubuhan Parti BERJAYA telah disiarkan di seluruh surat khabar di Semenanjung dan 1Jenar Lamdah, Datuk Harris Mohd. Salleh Dengan Politik Sabah, Kuala Lumpur: Atta Sdn Bhd., 1981, hlm 38. 2Yahya Ismail, Berjaya di Tengah-tengah Politik Sabah, Kuala Lumpur: Dinamika Kreatif: 1978, hlm 70. 3Ibid, hlm 70. 4Jenar Lamdah,op.cit, hlm 38. 5Jeffery G. Kitingan dan Maximus J. Ongkili, Sabah 25 Years later 1963-1988, Kuala Lumpur: Art Printing Works Sdn. Bhd., hlm 72. 6Datuk Dr. Herman J. Luping, Sabah’s Dilemma The Political History of Sabah (1960-1994), Kuala Lumpur:Sabah’s Magnus Book, 1994, hlm 282. 1214 di Sabah sebagai berita utama pada keesokan harinya. Akhbar Daily Express, milik Datuk Yeh Pao Tzu, salah seorang pengasas Parti BERJAYA telah menjadi lidah rasmi Parti BERJAYA7. Pengasas Parti BERJAYA terdiri daripada beberapa orang pemimpin Parti USNO, Parti UPKO dan beberapa orang pemimpin politik Cina dan golongan profesional. Antara tokoh yang menerajui Parti BERJAYA ialah Datuk Harris Mohd. Salleh, Tun Mohd. Fuad Stephens, Datuk Salleh Sulong, Datuk Peter Mojuntin, Yap Pak Leong, Chong Thain Vun, Lim Guan Sing, Datuk Yeh Pao Tzu, Datuk K.Y. Lee, Wong Chik Lim, Wee Boon Ping, Nicholas Fung, Joseph Pairin Kitingan, Wong Yau Ket, Darius Binion8, Mohd. Noor Mansor, Suffian Koroh, Datuk Ngui Tet Loi, Haji Salleh Otik, James Ongkili, Ali Bandong, Haji Mokhtar Haji Ahmad, Patrick Mandalang, Amadeous Leong dan Paul Baklin bin O.T. Gurandi9. Penubuhan Parti BERJAYA tidak syak lagi adalah di bawah pengetahuan, dirancang serta direstui oleh kerajaan persekutuan serta Tun Razak, Perdana Menteri Malaysia10. Sokongan padu para pemimpin pusat terutama para pemimpin UMNO seperti Encik Ghaffar Bapa, YBM Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah adalah permulaan sokongan kuat dan hubungan yang amat erat antara pemimpin persekutuan dengan para pemimpin Parti BERJAYA pada peringkat awal. Hubungan baik inilah yang menjadi titik tolak kepada hubungan antara kerajaan persekutuan dan negeri Sabah semasa sembilan tahun pemerintahan kerajaan Parti BERJAYA. C. PILIHANRAYA UMUM NEGERI SABAH 1976 DAN KEMENANGAN PARTI BERJAYA Penubuhan Parti BERJAYA ternyata memberikan cabaran yang baharu kepada Parti Perikatan Sabah (USNO dan SCA) yang memerintah negeri Sabah pada ketika itu. Ramai yang tersentak dengan pengumuman dan kelahiran Parti BERJAYA. Tun Mustapha yang selama ini sering berada di luar negara terutama di United Kingdom dan Eropah11 antara yang turut terkejut dengan perkembangan politik yang berlaku di Sabah. Dua hari selepas pengumuman penubuhan Parti BERJAYA, Tun Datu Mustapha yang berada di London telah bergegas balik ke Sabah. Akhbar-akhbar tempatan di Sabah turut membuat liputan berhubung kepulangan Tun Mustapha12 untuk meredakan suasana politik Sabah. Malah akhbar Sabah Times yang pro USNO pada 18 Julai 1975 menyiarkan berita kepulangan Tun Mustapha sebagai tajuk utama. “On July 18th, the Sabah Times front page headline, in anticipation of the Tun’s arrival home the day, read: Tun returns to put things right”. The report revealed that the Tun was returning from Mecca, and not from London and had been reported, and that he would stabilise Sabah’s now shaky political situation”13. 7Abdullah Hussain, Tun Datu Mustapha Bapa Kemerdekaan Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Percetakan Suarasa: 1976, hlm 119. 8Jeffery G. Kitingan dan Maximus J. Ongkili, op.cit., hlm 72. 9Abdullah Hussein, op.cit., hlm 120. 10Anwar Sullivan dan Cecilia Leong (editor), Commemorative History of Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Percetakan Nan Yang Muda Sdn. Bhd., 1981, hlm 156. 11Abdullah Hussein, op.cit., hlm 120. 12Ibid, hlm 121. 13Paul Raffaele, Harris Salleh of Sabah, Hong Kong: Condor Publishing Pty Co. 1986, hlm 208. 1215 Sementara itu, Parti BERJAYA telah meneruskan kempen dan mengadakan perjumpaan untuk menerangkan tujuan dan penubuhan Parti BERJAYA. Ternyata Parti BERJAYA mendapat sambutan luar biasa rakyat. Daily Express sebuah akhbar yang dimiliki oleh Datuk Yeh Pao Tzu yang menyertai dan pengasas Parti BERJAYA telah menjadi lidah rasmi Parti BERJAYA. Melalui akhbar ini, Parti BERJAYA melakukan perang saraf dan membalas serangan parti pemerintah yang turut menggunakan sebuah lagi akhbar iaitu Sabah Times yang dikuasai oleh kumpulan Pro Parti Perikatan. Pengumuman Tun Mohd. Fuad Stephens untuk kembali aktif ke arena politik dan meletakkan jawatan sebagai TYT Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sabah pada 28 Julai 197514 menambahkan lagi sokongan rakyat terhadap Parti BERJAYA. Malah rakyat semakin yakin bahawa tindakan beberapa orang ahli politik Sabah menubuhkan Parti BERJAYA adalah bertepatan dan untuk memperjuangkan nasib rakyat. Bagi menyekat kemaraan Parti BERJAYA, Tun Mustapha mengambil tindakan membubarkan Dewan Undangan Negeri Sabah secara mengejut pada 23 Januari 1976, walaupun Parti Perikatan (USNO-SCA) masih mempunyai tempoh kira-kira setahun memerintah sebelum DUN Sabah terbubar dengan sendirinya iaitu pada 13 Disember 197615. Suruhanjaya pilihanraya telah menetapkan bahawa hari penamaan calon ialah pada 18 Mac 1976 danhari pengundian pada 5-14 April 1976. Parti BERJAYA telah meletakkan calon di kesemua
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