River Restoration
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River Restoration in the Upper Mississippi River Basin A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri-Columbia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science By Thomas Kevin O’Donnell Dr. David L. Galat, Thesis Supervisor December 2006 The undersigned, appointed by the Dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled River Restoration in the Upper Mississippi River Basin presented by Thomas Kevin O’Donnell a candidate for the degree of Master of Science and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. David L. Galat Charles Rabeni Claire Baffaut Acknowledgements I would like to thank my thesis supervisor, Dr. David L. Galat, for providing support, guidance, and needed criticism throughout this research. I also thank my committee members, Dr. Claire Baffaut and Dr. Charles Rabeni, for providing additional guidance and perspective. Dr. Michael A. Urban provided important insight during this research. I thank the individuals who have assisted in gathering data, performing telephone surveys, or providing statistical expertise. These individuals include Clayton Ridenour, Benedict Nagy, Kathy Doisy, Richard Ndessokia, Tyler Sellens, and Dr. Mark Ellersieck. I must recognize the scientists and other graduate students who collaborated on this national research effort, collectively referred to as the National River Restoration Science Synthesis working group. In particular, I would like to recognize Dr. Margaret Palmer, Dr. Emily Bernhardt, Dr. J. David Allan, and Bruce Powell for providing leadership and technical assistance. Two individuals in particular are largely responsible for my successes in graduate school. My father, Thomas Joseph O’Donnell, has been a solid rock for me to rely on for direction through life’s journey, including this experience. My childhood friend and fiancé, Melissa Ann Valley, supported my decision to move her and myself away from our home and complete a graduate degree. In doing so, she has put her career ambitions on hold. I am indebted to both of these individuals. ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... ii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... v List of Figures................................................................................................................... vi Chapter One. General Introduction................................................................................ 1 River Enhancement......................................................................................................... 1 The National River Restoration Science Synthesis ........................................................ 2 Thesis Contents and Format............................................................................................ 5 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................... 8 Chapter Two. River Enhancement in the Upper Mississippi River Basin: Approaches Based on River Uses, Alterations, and Management Agencies ............. 12 Abstract......................................................................................................................... 12 Introduction................................................................................................................... 14 Methods......................................................................................................................... 19 Results........................................................................................................................... 23 Discussion..................................................................................................................... 31 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 37 Acknowledgements....................................................................................................... 41 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................. 42 Appendix A................................................................................................................... 56 Chapter 3. Including Success Criteria and Project Monitoring in River Enhancement: Comparing Non-navigated and Navigated Rivers in the Upper Mississippi River Basin....................................................................................... 58 Abstract......................................................................................................................... 58 Introduction................................................................................................................... 60 iii Methods......................................................................................................................... 66 Results........................................................................................................................... 71 Discussion..................................................................................................................... 79 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 86 Acknowledgements....................................................................................................... 89 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................. 90 Chapter 4. Predicting Effects and Identifying Uncertainties of Watershed Scale Best Management Practice Implementation for Reducing Sediment Delivery........................................................................................ 107 Abstract....................................................................................................................... 107 Introduction................................................................................................................. 109 Study Area .................................................................................................................. 115 Methods....................................................................................................................... 117 Results......................................................................................................................... 127 Discussion................................................................................................................... 132 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 143 Acknowledgements..................................................................................................... 145 Literature Cited ........................................................................................................... 146 Appendix A................................................................................................................. 176 Appendix B ................................................................................................................. 179 Appendix C ................................................................................................................. 180 Appendix D................................................................................................................. 181 Appendix E ................................................................................................................. 182 iv List of Tables 2.1 Comparison of Non-navigated and Navigated Rivers ................................................ 47 2.2 Goals of river enhancement projects and percent monitoring .................................... 48 2.3 River enhancement activities ...................................................................................... 49 2.4 River enhancement costs............................................................................................. 50 3.1 River enhancement projects selected for telephone surveys....................................... 98 3.2 Success criteria types of surveyed projects................................................................. 99 3.3 Examples of river enhancement success criteria ...................................................... 100 3.4 Relationship of quantifiable success criteria to project monitoring.......................... 101 3.5 Selected river enhancement projects by monitoring and evaluation criteria ............ 102 4.1 Model time periods ................................................................................................... 159 4.2 Streamflow calibration and validation statistics ....................................................... 160 4.3 Sediment yield calibration and validation statistics.................................................. 161 4.4 Monthly sediment yield residuals ............................................................................. 162 4.5 Daily sediment yield statistics .................................................................................. 163 4.6 Predicted effects of the Illinois Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program ....... 164 v List of Figures 1.1 National River Restoration Science Synthesis Nodes .................................................