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RANCHO LAS FLORES ADOBE NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK INTERPRETIVE PLAN prepared for MARINE CORPS BASE CAMP PENDLETON and the OFFICE OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION, SACRAMENTO, CA by the THE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT SEPTEMBER 2019 Cooperative Agreement # N62473-14-2-0014 Prepared for MARINE CORPS BASE CAMP PENDLETON AND THE OFFICE OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION, SACRAMENTO, CA by THE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT SEPTMEBER 2019 PROJECT TEAM Douglas Porter (University of Vermont) Keri Stevenson Jeremiah Gwin Holly Strachan REPORT PREPARERS Keri Stevenson Douglas Porter Cover image: Engagement party at Las Flores, 1938. Photo courtesy Bob Strauss. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 BASIS FOR PLANNING AND DESIGN .............................................................................. 3 Historical Background and Significance ........................................................................................................................ 3 Site Management Goals ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Accessibility ................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Primary Interpretive Themes ......................................................................................................................................... 6 Visitor Experience ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 Challenges to Interpreting the Site ............................................................................................................................. 12 EXISTING CONDITIONS ................................................................................................. 14 Present Use / Visitor Use ............................................................................................................................................. 14 Pre-Visit and Arrival ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 Points of Interest ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 Existing Facilities for Interpretation ............................................................................................................................ 16 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................... 17 Goals of Interpretive Planning .................................................................................................................................... 17 Site-Wide Recommendations ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Interpretive Media ...................................................................................................................................................... 19 House Museum Functions .......................................................................................................................................... 20 Self-Guided Interpretive Trail ...................................................................................................................................... 21 Wayside Interpretive Panels ....................................................................................................................................... 37 Implementation Plan .................................................................................................................................................. 37 Additional Suggestions for Interpretation .................................................................................................................. 39 SELECTED REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 40 APPENDIX A: Maps ............................................................................................................... 41 APPENDIX B: Interpretive Posters ........................................................................................ 44 APPENDIX C: Talking Points, Docent Led Tours .................................................................. 57 APPENDIX E: Programmatic Accessibility Guidelines for Interpretive Media ..................... 89 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Executive Summary The Las Flores Adobe National Historic Landmark is an adobe rancho located on Camp Pendleton, a United States Marine Corps base located north of Oceanside, California. The site has an unusually rich history and is representative of the broad patterns of settlement in the region, including prehistoric Native American culture, the Spanish mission system, Mexican secularization of mission lands that resulted in the proliferation of rancho culture, and agricultural use by Anglo-Americans. During WWII the site and many square miles of surrounding area came under the control of the War Department, when President Roosevelt dedicated Camp Pendleton as a Marine Corps base in 1942. Figure 1: Watercolor of the Las Flores Adobe, E. S. Fenyes, 1913. Since 2002, the United States Marine Corps (USMC) and the University of Vermont (UVM) have partnered in the stabilization, repair, and rehabilitation of the Las Flores Adobe. The scope of work has included installation of seismic retrofits, structural augmentation of existing roof frames, installation of replacement floor frame systems (with salvaged original flooring), reinstatement of the 2-story porches on the Monterey block, replacement of roof coverings, LAS FLORES INTERPRETIVE PLAN - UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT - 2019 1 INTRODUCTION restoration of architectural millwork, ventilation improvements, rodent-proofing, repair of adobe walls and lime and earthen plaster finishes, and drainage and other site improvements. This document provides an overall vision and defined goals for interpreting the Las Flores site. The following includes a brief introduction to the history and significance of the Las Flores site, an explanation of the rationale for interpretive planning at Las Flores, an overview of the existing conditions, recommendations for interpretation of the site, an implementation guide, and appendices that graphically describe the site and provide support for interpretative planning. For a more detailed description of the Las Flores Adobe and of its history and significance, please see please see Section 8 of the National Register nomination prepared by Wee and Mikesell1 and the introduction to the Las Flores Adobe National Historic Landmark Maintenance Manual, 2006. 1 Wee and Mikesell, National Register Nomination for Las Flores Adobe, Camp Pendleton, San Diego County, California, Sect. 8. LAS FLORES INTERPRETIVE PLAN - UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT - 2019 2 FOUNDATION FOR PLANNING BASIS FOR PLANNING AND DESIGN Historical Background and Significance The Las Flores Adobe is a National Historic Landmark located on United States Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton in southern California. In addition to being the site of Ushmai, a Native American village and later a Spanish Mission outpost (an estancia), it is the site of an adobe ranch house, initially constructed between 1865 and 1868, and now one of the last surviving traditional adobe ranchos constructed in California. The rancho complex consists of three fairly distinct blocks forming a U-shaped enclosure around a courtyard. The two-story Monterey block forms the south wing,2 with the Hacienda block3 on the west, and the carriage barn forming the north wing. Both the Hacienda block and the carriage barn have gabled roofs, while the Monterey block incorporates a hipped roof to shelter the two-story porch that wraps around that portion of the building. The one-room deep Hacienda block features a continuous corredor to the east, onto which all of the rooms in this block open. The corredor is continued onto the south side of the carriage barn. An early hedgerow and picket fence on the east side of the property completed the enclosure of a courtyard. The ranch house buildings have evolved over the years to meet the changing needs of the occupants, and in their current configuration, retain significant elements from the 19th and early- 20th centuries. The Marine Corps acquired the site in 1942, and since 2002 has partnered with the University of Vermont in the stabilization and rehabilitation of the building complex. 2 In the amended NHR nomination from 1992, this block is referred to as the Monterey block because of stylistic similarities to mid-nineteenth century architecture in Monterey, California. The term is widely used to refer to two- story adobe houses with extensive porches and classical detailing. 3 The NHR nomination refers to this portion of the building as the Hacienda block because it resembles the early domestic buildings, or haciendas, of southern California.
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