DOCSLIB.ORG

The Story of Western Australian Sikhs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Story of Western Australian Sikhs DATE: 16.04.15 | FINAL SAVAGELY CREATIVE AND CREATIVE SPACES THE STORY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIAN SIKHS Interpretation Plan for the Sikh Association of Western Australia 2015 THE STORY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIAN SIKHS: INTERPRETATION PLAN Disclaimer The information contained in this report is based on sources believed to be reliable. However, as no independent verification is possible, this firm, together with its members and employees, gives no warranty that the said sources are correct, and accepts no responsibility for any resultant errors contained herein and any damage or loss, howsoever caused, suffered by any individual or corporation. 2 THE STORY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIAN SIKHS: INTERPRETATION PLAN Contents Adenia Reserve Statement of Significance 23 Acknowledgements 4 Sikh Gurdwaras 25 Executive Summary 5 Online 26 Audiences 5 Statewide – Virtual Trail 27 Sub Themes and Stories 5 Audiences 29 Recommendations 7 Local Sikh Community 29 Introduction 11 General Community - Local 29 Purpose 12 General Community - Perth 29 Project Scope 12 International Visitors 29 Methodology 12 Education Market 30 Stakeholders 14 Interpretation 31 Brief History 16 Themes 33 The Early Days – Building the Nation 16 Central Theme 34 Cameleers 16 Sub Themes and Stories 34 Hawkers and Businessmen 17 Sites, Stories and Media 43 White Australia Policy 1901–1973 17 Management 47 The Sikhs and the ANZACs 17 Implementation 48 Culture and Practices 18 Sign Design Concepts 49 Sikhs Today 19 Indicative Costs 59 Sites 21 Bibliography 60 Adenia Reserve 22 3 THE STORY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIAN SIKHS: INTERPRETATION PLAN Acknowledgements • Sikh Association of Western Australia Inc. • Sikh Gurdwara Perth Inc. • Australian Sikh Heritage Association Inc. • Lotterywest for their funding contribution to this project • John Parker from Canning Districts Historical Society • City of Canning • Dr Lise Summers • State Records Office 4 THE STORY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIAN SIKHS: INTERPRETATION PLAN Executive Summary This interpretation plan provides recommendations for the Audiences development of interpretive experiences linked to the story of Western Australian Sikhs. Indian people have been in Western The key audiences for the Sikh Story Experience are likely to be Australia since the early days of European settlement with many the following: coming with the officers of the British East India Company who • Local Sikh community. were amongst the earliest settlers. Records are sketchy so it is • General community near Adenia Reserve and the Gurdwaras in impossible to say for sure when the first Sikhs came to Western Canning Vale, Bennett Springs and Bayswater. Australia. It is thought that the first Sikhs recorded came as cameleers and were part of the early expeditions that opened up • General community across Perth. Western Australia for settlement. • International visitors staying with friends and relatives, particularly The interpretation plan identifies a central theme to guide the Indian and British visitors, that have a shared history and interest development of interpretive messages as well as a number of sub in the story. themes. • Education market primarily local schools but could be of interest The central theme is often not articulated in the final interpretation across the Perth area if incorporated into the curriculum with but it is used to guide the direction of the interpretation including educational materials developed. the stories selected and the media used. The central theme for this interpretation plan is identified as: Sub Themes and Stories “Western Australian Sikhs have played a significant role in Identifying a small number of sub themes helps narrow the scope the development of the State and the country since the early of the interpretation whilst ensuring that the central theme is 1800s. They continue to contribute to the development of supported by the stories identified under each sub theme. Western Australia into the 21st century”. Additional sub themes can be created over time but this plan has identified four broad sub themes that will assist in organising the stories to be told. A number of sub themes have been identified that provide a good starting point for developing interpretive content and identifying 5 THE STORY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIAN SIKHS: INTERPRETATION PLAN stories to engage visitors. • Website 1. The Early Days – Opening up Australia • Google maps Sikhs have been in Western Australia since the early 1800s and • Applications have had a key role to play in the development of modern Australia. • Geocaching 2. Serving the Community – A Head for Business • Maps, brochures, booklets Work and serving the community are important aspects of the Sikh culture. Many Sikhs developed businesses that serviced urban and • Community history book rural communities. • Partnerships 3. Serving the Country – ANZAC Sikhs – Fighting for Australia • Community information gathering Australian Sikhs were quick to sign up to fight in WWI. Many Sikhs • Documentary had served in the British Indian Army before coming to Australia. Sikh soldiers were known for their bravery. • Australian Sikh Heritage Museum 4. Australian Sikh Culture • Monuments There is still a lack of knowledge in the community about the • Stamp Issue Sikhs and their beliefs and customs. Creating opportunities for the • Commenorative Coin Issue. broader community to understand Sikh culture will help to create stronger bonds and connections. Interpretive Media The plan identifies a range of interpretive media that could be developed to deliver interpretive experiences including: • Signage • Trails • Art • Landscaping and furniture 6 THE STORY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIAN SIKHS: INTERPRETATION PLAN Recommendations sites. Recommendations have been provided for a range of issues • Identify the preferred method for the development of a virtual highlighted throughout this report. These are summarised below. trail to include sites across the State linked to the Western Australian Sikh story. SITES • Continue to identify sites associated with the Western Australia Adenia Reserve Sikh story. • Adenia Reserve should act as a hub for the Western Australian Sikh story. The site could provide an overview of the story, a INTERPRETATION MEDIA gathering area and trail, which could then act as a catalyst to Signage encourage further exploration of the story throughout the State. • Develop low-key orientation and interpretation signage at • Investigate the possibility of making Adenia Park a Western Adenia Reserve linked to a short trail that provides an overview Australia Diversity Park. of the Western Australian Sikh story. Sikh Gurdwaras • Develop signage for the Sikh Gurdwaras, at Canning Vale, Bayswater and the new Bennett Springs site, focusing on • Interpretation panels should be placed at the Sikh Gurdwaras explaining Sikh culture. These signs could be located on the to provide information about the buildings and the Sikh culture. perimeters of the Gurdwara to provide the local community These signs could also be incorporated into an application of with information about the Gurdwara, the Sikhs and invitation some other high tech form of interpretation. to find out more by visiting the Gurdwara or the Sikh Gurdwara Online Perth Inc (SGP), Sikh Association of Western Australia (SAWA) or ASHA websites. • Get advice about the suitable formats for collecting information and images to ensure they can be used in the development of • Ensure a maintenance budget is allocated for the signage in more high tech approaches to interpretation as required. case of vandalism and for wear and tear. • Continue to gather information and images and share through Trails the Australian Sikh Heritage Association (ASHA) website and • A short physical trail could be developed at the Adenia Reserve through a Facebook page if possible. site guiding people on a loop to the water and back (if possible Statewide Virtual Trail to access). The exact route of the trail would have to be approved with the managing authority. Trail wayfinding markers • Investigate the most suitable and cost effective method of and interpretive signage would also be required although developing a virtual trail incorporating Australian Sikh heritage 7 THE STORY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIAN SIKHS: INTERPRETATION PLAN this signage could link to an application that provides more • Get advice from an application developer about the best formats information and media rich content. for the collection of information. • A virtual trail could also be developed across the State using • Create reciprocal links with other stakeholders including SAWA an application and creating interpretation of sites that have and SGP and other locations where the Sikh story is told. a significant linkage to the Sikh story but are not under the • Develop an educational section on the website to provide influence of the community. resources for teachers and students. Art Google Map • Investigate the development of an artwork at the site to represent • Develop a Google map of the known Western Australian Sikh the Western Australian Sikh story. heritage sites that can be embedded into the ASHA site and • Investigate the availability of grant funding through organisations provide information whilst other interpretive methods are being such as FORM (http://www.form.net.au/our-organisation/ built. about-form/), the Department of Culture and the Arts (http:// Applications www.dca.wa.gov.au/funding/) and Lotterywest (http://www. lotterywest.wa.gov.au). • Investigate the development of an application that can
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Estimating the Extinction Date of the Thylacine with Mixed Certainty Data
    Research Note Estimating the extinction date of the thylacine with mixed certainty data 1 2 3 Colin J. Carlson , ∗ Alexander L. Bond, and Kevin R. Burgio 1Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A. 2Ardenna Research, Potton, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2QA, U.K. 3Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, U-3043, Storrs, CT 06269, U.S.A. Abstract: The thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus), one of Australia’s most characteristic megafauna, was the largest marsupial carnivore until hunting, and potentially disease, drove it to extinction in 1936. Although thylacines were restricted to Tasmania for 2 millennia prior to their extinction, recent so-called plausible sightings on the Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland have emerged, leading some to speculate the species may have persisted undetected. We compiled a data set that included physical evidence, expert-validated sightings, and unconfirmed sightings up to the present day and implemented a range of extinction models (focusing on a Bayesian approach that incorporates all 3 types of data by modeling valid and invalid sightings as independent processes) to evaluate the likelihood of the thylacine’s persistence. Although the last captive individual died in September 1936, our results suggested that the most likely extinction date would be 1940. Our other extinction models estimated the thylacine’s extinction date between 1936 and 1943, and the most optimistic scenario indicated that the species did not persist beyond 1956. The search for the thylacine, much like similar efforts to rediscover other recently extinct charismatic taxa, is likely to be fruitless, especially given that persistence on Tasmania would have been no guarantee the species could reappear in regions that had been unoccupied for millennia.
    [Show full text]
  • Osborne Park Hosptial, Perth, Western Australia
    Pathway to Excellence® Case Study: Osborne Park Hospital, Perth, Western Australia Established in 1962, Osborne Park Hospital (OPH) provides comprehensive specialist health care services to patients and families throughout Western Australia (WA). The 150-bed facility features three main clinical areas: rehabilitation and aged care, surgical services, and women’s and newborn services. Several years ago, nursing leaders sought new ways to revitalize the hospital’s mature workforce, motivate and engage younger nurses, and validate the exceptional work of the nursing staff. ANCC’s Pathway to Excellence Program offered the perfect vehicle to achieve these goals. The journey gave OPH the opportunity to benchmark against international norms and positively transform the practice environment. In addition, the prospect of being the first Australian hospital with the Pathway to Excellence designation was very motivating. In 2014, OPH became the first hospital in Australia and the second hospital outside of the United States to earn the Pathway credential. The achievement led to several significant quality and safety improvements. A nurse-driven hand hygiene compliance campaign focused on improving the hospital’s handwashing rate over a two-year period. Strategies included staff education, a new jewelry and nail policy, regular updates via newsletter, notice boards and competitions, and targeting staff groups with low compliance rates. As a result, the hospital’s hand hygiene compliance rate improved from 55% to more than 88%, significantly above the Australian national average of 72%. OPH is regularly among the top-performing hospitals in WA for hand hygiene and recently received the WA Health Award in the Performance Improvement Category.
    [Show full text]
  • WA Health Aboriginal Cultural Learning Framework
    WA Health Aboriginal Cultural Learning Framework Acknowledgment of Country WA Health acknowledges the people of the many traditional countries and language groups of Western Australia. It acknowledges the wisdom of Elders both past and present and pays respect to Aboriginal communities of today. A commitment to learning together: Introduction from the Director General Aboriginal people comprise only about three per cent of the Western Australian population, yet have the greatest health needs of any group in this State. WA Health is committed to closing the health gap between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in Western Australia and recognises the complexity of this task. As experience has shown, the answer is not as simple as providing more health services to Aboriginal people. What is needed, first and foremost, is a broader understanding of the cultural and historic reasons why Aboriginal people view health needs, outcomes and services differently to the general population, so that this can be included in the design and delivery of more effective programs. Our services must take into account the importance of country, family and community to Aboriginal people, the diversity of cultural practices across different communities, and the history of difficult relationships between Aboriginal people and governments that has discouraged many individuals from accessing health services. Employing more Aboriginal people in the health workforce – and supporting them to develop their skills and leadership potential – is an important way of incorporating Aboriginal cultural perspectives into our health services. At the same time, we need to develop a non-Aboriginal workforce that understands and respects these perspectives and reflects this in their day-to-day involvement with Aboriginal clients and colleagues.
    [Show full text]
  • Xenophobic Acts and Speech Toward Migrants in Australia
    Xenophobic Acts and Speech toward Migrants in Australia Issues Paper, 15 October, 2015 ABOUT THE AUTHOR The UNSW Human Rights Clinic works to systemically advance the rights of temporary migrants and asylum seekers in Asia and Australia. Under intensive faculty supervision, clinic students work as legal advisers and advocates with individual clients, NGOs, governments and inter-governmental institutions globally. Bridging theory and practice, students learn the skills and responsibilities of human rights lawyering. For further information on the clinic and its publications, see http://www.law.unsw.edu. au/current-students/law-action/clinics/human-rights-clinic. The Issues Paper was written by: Ann Emmanuel, Student, Human Rights Clinic, UNSW Law Will de Waal, Student, Human Rights Clinic, UNSW Law Bassina Farbenblum, Co-Director, Human Rights Clinic, UNSW Law Jennifer Whelan, Co-Director, Human Rights Clinic, UNSW Law Design and layout by Marjorie Fox-Owens. This Issues Paper should be cited as: UNSW Human Rights Clinic, Xenophobic Acts and Speech Toward Migrants in Australia: Issues Paper, 15 October, 2015. Preface This issues paper was originally prepared as a briefing paper for the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants, François Crépeau. The Special Rapporteur had planned a two-week visit to Australia from 27 September to 9 October 2015 to gather information about the situation of migrants and asylum seekers in Australia and neighbouring detention centres.1 The visit was postponed due to the ‘lack of full cooperation from the Government regarding protection concerns and access to detention centres’.2 The paper provides an overview of xenophobic acts towards migrants in Australia, laws prohibiting racial discrimination and vilification and programs initiated in Australia to address hate speech.
    [Show full text]
  • Consolidated Practice Directions
    CONSOLIDATED PRACTICE DIRECTIONS THE SUPREME COURT OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA 2009 (as updated on 7 October 2021) Unless otherwise indicated, references to the Rules are references to the Rules of the Supreme Court 1971 (WA); and Orders (O) and rules (r) in this document refer to the orders and rules of the Rules of the Supreme Court 1971 (WA). These can be accessed at the Parliamentary Counsel’s Office website at: www.legislation.wa.gov.au Table of Amendments 2012 - 2014 Date Practice Direction (PD) Number Replacement Pages 02/04/2012 Complete Reissue of the Supreme Court's All Consolidated Practice Directions further to a formatting update of the whole document. 27/7/2012 Insertion of PD 9.13 Interpreting and language 269 - 286 Services Guidelines; 9.13.1 Protocol for the Use of Interpreters; and 9.13.2 Interpreter Booking Request Form. 13/8/2012 Insertion of PD 5.8 Case Management. 159 - 168 Further to insertion of PD 9.13 and PD 5.8, the vi - viii & following pages to be reprinted to ensure 159 onwards correct pagination. 17/9/2012 Insertion of new PD 10.5 Practicing Solely as a 305 - 306 & viii Barrister. 21/11/2012 Insertion of new PD 9.1.4 Notice to 197 - 200 Non-Applying Executors. Further to insertion of PD 9.1.4, the following vii - viii & pages to be reprinted to ensure correct 197 onwards pagination. 12/3/2013 Insertion of new allowances in PD 4.7.1.1 - 119 - 121 Schedule of Standard Costs Orders for Interlocutory Applications. 13/3/2013 Insertion of No 18 into PD 4..4.1.1 - Checklist 98 for Entry for Trial.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Australian Cultural Infrastructure Framework 2030+
    Western Australian Cultural Infrastructure Framework 2030+ Making space for culture and creativity in WA— places, people and programs Nelson Coppin Virtual Reality painting, Future Dreaming: A Virtual Reality Documentary. Roebourne Amphitheatre, Roebourne Cultural Complex, Ngarluma Yindjibarndi Foundation Ltd. Photo by Sutu. WA Cultural Infrastructure Framework 2030+ Copyright Disclaimer This document contains information, opinions, Whilst the information contained in this document data, and images (“the material”) prepared by has been formulated with all due care, the DLGSC the Department of Local Government, Sport and does not accept any liability to any person for the Cultural industries (DLGSC). The material is subject information (or the use of such information) which is to copyright under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), provided in this document or incorporated into it by and it is owned by the State of Western Australia reference. through the DLGSC. The information contained herein is provided on DLGSC encourages the availability, dissemination the basis that all persons accessing the document and exchange of public information. Should you undertake responsibility for assessing the relevance wish to deal with the material for any purpose, and accuracy of its content. you must obtain permission from DLGSC. Any permission is granted on the condition that About DLGSC you include the copyright notice “© State of Western Australia through Department of Local The DLGSC works with partners across Government, Sport and Cultural Industries” on government and within its diverse sectors to enliven all uses. the Western Australian community and economy through support for and provision of sporting, To obtain such permission, please contact the recreational, cultural and artistic policy, programs Corporate Communications team at: and activities for locals and visitors to the State.
    [Show full text]
  • Where Bright Futures Begin International Education in Perth, Western Australia 2018-2025
    Where bright futures begin International Education in Perth, Western Australia 2018-2025 live . learn . launch Where bright futures begin International Education in Perth, Western Australia 2018-2025 1 2 Where bright futures begin International Education in Perth, Western Australia 2018-2025 Towards 2025 and beyond Western Australia’s capital, Perth, will grow its reputation and ranking as a world-class international education city – opening its doors to growing numbers of international students from around the world, and from Asia in particular. We will continue to welcome international students who are keen to benefit from high-quality educational opportunities. Perth has some of the world’s best schools, institutions and training providers, while offering a safe, healthy and vibrant lifestyle that’s hard to find anywhere else. Where bright futures begin: International Education in Perth, Western Australia 2018-2025 establishes the strategy for future action – a shared direction for the international education sector. Perth – a place to live, learn and launch bright futures. Where bright futures begin International Education in Perth, Western Australia 2018-2025 3 An invitation from the Premier of Western Australia Over the past decade, almost half a Perth offers an authentic Australian education million students from around the world experience in a city ranked by global surveys as among the world’s most liveable and friendliest to have chosen to study in Perth, and we are visit. We are very proud to provide international pleased and proud to welcome the talent students with new opportunities – to equip and and diversity they bring to our community. empower them to not only improve their own lives and careers, but to help build capacity and prosperity in In a city of two million people, the impact of the communities from which they come.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shifting Attitudes of Australian Evangelicals Towards Race in the 1960S
    The shifting attitudes of Australian evangelicals towards race in the 1960s Phil Rademaker Australian attitudes to race and racial discrimination were changing in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The Commonwealth Government’s policies of restrictive immigration (known as the ‘White Australia’ policy) had enjoyed strong support as the majority of Australians believed the country was destined to be, in the words of Prime Minister John Curtin in 1939, ‘forever the home of the descendants of those people who came here in peace in order to establish in the South Seas an outpost of the British race.’1 Yet the Second World War stoked fears of being overrun by Asian masses and this prompted a relaxation of the policy to enable non-British Europeans to become citizens.2 While this change was motivated by racist fears, over the next decade as former British colonies declared their independence and as the world reflected upon the actions of Nazi Germany, many in Australia started questioning Australia’s racial policy. In 1963, Hubert Opperman replaced Alexander Downer (Sr) as minister for immigration, signalling a shift in the Liberal party, and by 1965 Gough Whitlam had convinced the Australian Labor Party (ALP) to remove its support for White Australia. Yet, as historian Judith Brett notes, there was still significant support for the policy among older ALP members and voters, and among much of the Coalition.3 Paul Strangio likewise observes a division in Australia regarding the question of race. On the one hand, Prime Minister Harold Holt saw humanitarian
    [Show full text]
  • Western Australia Growth Perspective
    Growth Perspective on Western Australia Ricardo Hausmann, Douglas Barrios, Ana Grisanti, Semiray Kasoolu, Tim O'Brien, Eric Protzer, Rushabh Sanghvi, Nikita Taniparti, Jorge Tapia CID Faculty Working Paper No. 393 Completed May 2020 Published April 2021 Copyright 2021 Hausmann, Ricardo; Barrios, Douglas; Grisanti, Ana; Kasoolu, Semiray; O’Brien, Tim; Protzer, Eric; Sanghvi, Rushabh; Taniparti, Nikita; Tapia, Jorge; and the President and Fellows of Harvard College Working Papers Center for International Development at Harvard University GROWTH PERSPECTIVE ON WESTERN AUSTRALIA May 2020 Growth Lab Center for International Development Harvard University Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2 2. Executive Summary 3 3. Economic Growth Trajectory 5 4. Labor Market Imbalances 10 Recent patterns of employment and wage growth 10 Factors that influenced the limited labor supply response 14 5. Pro-Cyclical Fiscal Policy 20 Recent evolution of the fiscal balance 20 Factors that influenced the pro-cyclicality of fiscal policy 25 6. Infrastructure Policy Misalignment 28 Electricity 29 Water 31 Common Themes 33 7. Conclusions 37 8. References 38 1 | Western Australia Growth Perspective 1. Introduction The Government of Western Australia (WA), acting through its Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD), invited the Growth Lab of the Center for International Development at Harvard University to partner with the state to better understand and address constraints to economic diversification through a collaborative applied research project. The project seeks to apply growth diagnostic and economic complexity methodologies to inform policy design in order to accelerate productive transformation, economic diversification, and more inclusive and resilient job creation across Western Australia. As its name implies, this Growth Perspective Report aims to provide a set of perspectives on the process of economic growth in WA that provide insights for policymakers toward improving growth outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • South Australia's Time Zone
    South Australia’s time zone Frequently asked questions Community engagement on South Australia’s time zone 1. What time zone are we currently on? A change to UCT + 10 would mean that the sun would rise and set half an hour later, by the clock, than at present. South Australia’s time zone is 9.5 hours ahead of Coordinated Some people argue that this could have significant negative Universal Time (UTC + 9.5) – the same as the Northern Territory. impacts on the farming sector and social wellbeing, including the safety of children waiting at bus stops in the South Australia is one of only seven places in the world dark, particularly on the West Coast where sunrise times with a half-hour reference point against UTC. are already later than in eastern parts of the state. But Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and the others speak about the benefits of having an additional 30 Australian Capital Territory all have a time zone of UTC + 10. minutes of sunlight at the end of the day all year round, Western Australia has a time zone of UTC + 8. i.e. for exercise, eating out and heading for the beach. 2. What are the options open for discussion 4. What are some of the impacts for changing South Australia’s time zone? for changing our time zone to be closer to Western Australia? The main options in comments and submissions received to date in the community engagement process are: A change to UCT + 9 would align South Australia • align with the eastern states (UTC + 10) more closely to the same time zone as major trading partners in Asia, such as Japan and Korea (both UCT • move closer to Western Australian time (for example, UTC + 9) + 9) and China, Singapore and Malaysia (UCT + 8).
    [Show full text]
  • The Anti-Apartheid Movements in Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand
    The anti-apartheid movements in Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand By Peter Limb Introduction The history of the anti-apartheid movement(s) (AAM) in Aotearoa/New Zealand and Australia is one of multi-faceted solidarity action with strong international, but also regional and historical dimensions that gave it specific features, most notably the role of sports sanctions and the relationship of indigenous peoples’ struggles to the AAM. Most writings on the movement in Australia are in the form of memoirs, though Christine Jennett in 1989 produced an analysis of it as a social movement. New Zealand too has insightful memoirs and fine studies of the divisive 1981 rugby tour. The movement’s internal history is less known. This chapter is the first history of the movement in both countries. It explains the movement’s nature, details its history, and discusses its significance and lessons.1 The movement was a complex mosaic of bodies of diverse forms: there was never a singular, centralised organisation. Components included specific anti-apartheid groups, some of them loose coalitions, others tightly focused, and broader supportive organisations such as unions, churches and NGOs. If activists came largely from left- wing, union, student, church and South African communities, supporters came from a broader social range. The liberation movement was connected organically not only through politics, but also via the presence of South Africans, prominent in Australia, if rather less so in New Zealand. The political configuration of each country influenced choice of alliance and depth of interrelationships. Forms of struggle varied over time and place. There were internal contradictions and divisive issues, and questions around tactics, armed struggle and sanctions, and how to relate to internal racism.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating White Australia
    Creating White Australia Edited by Jane Carey and Claire McLisky SYDNEY UNIVERSITY PRESS Published 2009 by Sydney University Press SYDNEY UNIVERSITY PRESS Fisher Library, University of Sydney www.sup.usyd.edu.au © Individual authors 2009 © Sydney University Press 2009 Reproduction and communication for other purposes Except as permitted under the Act, no part of this edition may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or communicated in any form or by any means without prior written permission. All requests for reproduction or communication should be made to Sydney University Press at the address below: Sydney University Press Fisher Library University of Sydney NSW Australia 2006 Email: [email protected] National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Creating white Australia / edited by Jane Carey and Claire McLisky. ISBN: 9781920899424 (pbk.) Subjects: White Australia policy. Racism--Australia. Australia--Emigration and immigration--History. Australia--Race relations--History. Other Authors/Contributors: Carey, Jane, 1972- McLisky, Claire. Dewey Number: 305.80094 Cover design by Evan Shapiro, University Publishing Service, The University of Sydney Printed in Australia Contents Contributors ......................................................................................... v Introduction Creating White Australia: new perspectives on race, whiteness and history ............................................................................................ ix Jane Carey & Claire McLisky Part 1: Global
    [Show full text]