G. Director T. Director Officer Preparatory Survey Report for Grant Aid Project Date 2010/9/20 1. Title of the Cooperation Project 1-1 Title of the Cooperation Project The Project for Improvement of Tazara Intersection in the United Republic of Tanzania 2. Categorization and its reason 2-1 Categorization: Category B 2-2 Reason (1) Several adverse impacts (rating B) are expected due to the project during planning, construction and operation stage on environmental items such as involuntary resettlement, air pollution, noise, waste, etc. (2) According to the Environmental Management Act, 2004 (EMA) and Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines and Procedure (2007), project for construction and expansion or upgrading of roads are requiring EIA. 3. Outline of the Location (Maps, Environmental and Social Condition, Problems and so on) 3-1 The Project areas Tazara intersection is located in southwestern part of the Dar es Salaam City and accommodates two major trunk roads (Nyerere Road and Nelson Mandela Road). Nyerere Road is the only major road providing direct access to the international airport and flanked almost continuously by industrial activities and various companies in the project area. Nelson Mandela Road is pronounced importance as a corridor of seaport cargo movement to inland areas of Tanzania, and as an international corridor to other inland countries such as Burundi, Rwanda an Uganda, D. R. Congo, Zambia and Malawi. From the intersection the Nyerere Road is bound for the Dar es Salaam City Centre with eastward and for International Airport with westward, whereas the Nelson Mandela Road is bound for Ubungo intersection with northward and Dar es Salaam Port with southward. 3-2 Social environment (1) Administrative structure The Project site is located in the Dar es Salaam City (hereinafter referred to as “the City”). The City is one of the 27 regions of the United Republic of Tanzania. The total surface area of the City is 1,800 km2, comprising of 1,393 km2 of land mass with eight offshore islands, which is about 0.19% of the entire Tanzania Mainland’s area. The City has three districts, namely Ilala, Temeke and Kinondoni District. Hierarchy of administrative structure is composed of District, Division, Ward, Streets, Village and Hamlet. 1 (2) Area and Population The City area is 1,393 km2 and estimated population of the city is about 3 million (2007). Among three Districts Temeke District is the largest in area and Kinondoni District is largest in population as shown in Table 1. Table 1 Area and population of the city and 3 Districts Area Population (persons）lation Population density (2007) District （km2） 2002 2007 （person／km2） Ilala 210 634,924 783,687 3,732 Temeke 652 768,451 948,498 1,455 Kinondoni 531 1,083,913 1,337,875 2,520 Dar es Salaam City 1,393 2,487,288 3,070,060 2,204 Source：Dar es Salaam City Council Profile 2004 (3) Land use In parallel to the expansion of the City, the light industry area has been formed along the Nyerere Road. Thus, industrial area is spread along a corridor 300m wide on each side of the Road. On the other hand, residential houses of low income group and commercial activities by small shops and street vendors spread over for both sides of Nelson Mandela Road in Buguruni Ward, which is located the area more than 300m northward from the intersection as shown in Map 2. (4) Income level and poverty situation The City is Tanzania’s most important city for business. About one half of Tanzania’s manufacturing employment is located in the City despite the fact that the City holds only 10 % of Tanzania’s population. Majority of the industrial establishments (64%) are located in Temeke District, 29% are in Kinondoni District and 7% in Ilala Distrct. Based on the 2002 statistics, the GDP of the City was 16% of the national GDP. The survey indicates GDP per capita for the City to be Tshs 584,086 with 35% of the population earning an average low income of Tshs 387,319 per year. Based on statistics for 2002, unemployment in the City was 46.5% while in other urban areas it was 25.5% and in rural areas it was 18%. Although the poverty rates of the city are much lower than the rest of the country, the poverty remains high despite the interventions which have been put in place to check on poverty. The Household Survey 2000/2001 showed 7.5% of the city population as being unable to get adequate food (food poverty) and 17.6 % unable to get basic needs (basic needs poverty). (5) Transportation For passenger transport in the City public transport service is dominated by small buses called “Daladala”, because their fare is cheaper than city bus and their transport networks spread over the city. The service offered, however, is poor due to overloading and overcrowded buses particularly during peak hours. In addition, reckless driving, route shortening, and frequent getting on and off passengers at shorter intervals are main cause of traffic congestions 2 and accidents. On the other hand, for cargo transport the services are mostly carried out by heavy vehicles including trailer trucks, especially for roads connecting Dar es Salaam Port and inland country area. Cargo transport also gives rise to traffic congestion and vehicle air pollution due to overloading and poor maintenance of exhaust emission. As for railway transport, the current service frequency is very limited at five runs a day, although the service covers both passenger and cargo. (6) Social services 1) Water supply Among three Districts, ratio of the population served clean and safe water is 68% for Temeke District and 52 % for Ilala District, and the remaining population have no direct access. 2) Sewerage system Less than 55% of the City population is served by the sewer collection system. The rest of population depends on site disposal systems, particularly septic tanks and pit latrines. 3) Storm water drainage Storm water drainage is established space between main road and service road. Because of lack of regular maintenance, the drainage system frequently gets blocked and flooding can occur even in relatively high area. 4) Power supply Power distribution to the city is generally well spread covering all of the City. However, power failures are very frequent and significantly affect business activities. 5) Others Regarding infrastructure improvement, western part of Buguruni Ward, roads, footpaths, drainage, sanitation, solid waste, street lightning and public toilets are improving through the community Infrastructure Upgrading Program (CIUP). (7) Education System The education system in Tanzania is divided into stages, starting from pre-primary education to the tertiary education. Pre-primary education lasts for one to two years and pupils are enrolled at the age of five to six years. Primary education follows the pre-primary education and mandatory. However, average primary enrolment is 360,000 in 3,000 classrooms giving an average of overcrowded 120 pupils per classroom. In addition, many pupils cannot access the teacher due to high pupil to teacher ratio of more than 50. (8) Public health The status of health services in the City is very poor as found in the fact that the ratio of population to physician is more than of 18,000. The quality of service is reflected in long queues to see doctors, congestion in hospital wards and poor facilities in general. In addition the number of hospitals is too small especially by compared to the city population. In the City malaria and water-borne diseases are the most commonly reported illness and 3 malaria is the leading cause of death for both children under the age of five and the rest of population. Malaria is of particular concern, both because of high rates of incidence and because of the potential for the development of drug resistance. Water-borne diseases most present are typhoid and schisitosomiasis. 3-3 Natural environment (1) Climate The City experiences a modified type of equatorial climate. It is generally hot and humid throughout the year with an average temperature of 29ºC. The hottest season is from October to March during which temperatures can raise up to 35ºC. It is relatively cool between May and August, with temperature around 25ºC. There are two main rain seasons; a short rain season from October to December and a long rain season between March and May. The average rainfall is 1,000mm (the lowest 800mm and highest 1,300mm). (2) Geomorphology and geotechnical conditions The City is subdivided into two main units known as the Upland and the Coastal Plain. The Uplands is an uplifted block elevated at 40 - 200m above sea level with slopes between 5 - 15% and 15 - 30%. Geological base of the area is uplifted coral limestone of late Pleistocene of the geological era. According to geotechnical data the foundation has N-value of more than 50 and is very stiff as a bearing layer for pile foundation. (3) River and stream The Msimbazi River is a major river in the City and has a very large flood plain. Flooding is a chronic problem in many parts of the City and generally occurs in lower regions. However, there is neither river nor minor streams crossing or flowing along the road in the project area. (4) Plants, animals and eco-system The vegetation of the City is characterized by a varied mosaic of vegetation with shaded trees, laws, hedges and planted gardens, mostly of exotic nature, with almost all the natural vegetation having been lost. No precious species of plants and animal are found. 3-4 Environmental pollution (1) Air quality Rapid growth of the urban economy of the City led to the rapid deterioration of environmental conditions.