G. Director T. Director Officer

Preparatory Survey Report for Grant Aid Project Date 2010/9/20 1. Title of the Cooperation Project 1-1 Title of the Cooperation Project The Project for Improvement of Tazara Intersection in the United Republic of

2. Categorization and its reason 2-1 Categorization: Category B 2-2 Reason (1) Several adverse impacts (rating B) are expected due to the project during planning, construction and operation stage on environmental items such as involuntary resettlement, air pollution, noise, waste, etc. (2) According to the Environmental Management Act, 2004 (EMA) and Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines and Procedure (2007), project for construction and expansion or upgrading of roads are requiring EIA.

3. Outline of the Location (Maps, Environmental and Social Condition, Problems and so on) 3-1 The Project areas Tazara intersection is located in southwestern part of the City and accommodates two major trunk roads (Nyerere Road and Nelson Mandela Road).

Nyerere Road is the only major road providing direct access to the international airport and flanked almost continuously by industrial activities and various companies in the project area. Nelson Mandela Road is pronounced importance as a corridor of seaport cargo movement to inland areas of Tanzania, and as an international corridor to other inland countries such as Burundi, Rwanda an Uganda, D. R. Congo, Zambia and Malawi.

From the intersection the Nyerere Road is bound for the Dar es Salaam City Centre with eastward and for International Airport with westward, whereas the Nelson Mandela Road is bound for intersection with northward and Dar es Salaam Port with southward.

3-2 Social environment (1) Administrative structure The Project site is located in the Dar es Salaam City (hereinafter referred to as “the City”). The City is one of the 27 regions of the United Republic of Tanzania. The total surface area of the City is 1,800 km2, comprising of 1,393 km2 of land mass with eight offshore islands, which is about 0.19% of the entire Tanzania Mainland’s area. The City has three districts, namely Ilala, Temeke and . Hierarchy of administrative structure is composed of District, Division, Ward, Streets, Village and Hamlet.

1 (2) Area and Population The City area is 1,393 km2 and estimated population of the city is about 3 million (2007). Among three Districts is the largest in area and Kinondoni District is largest in population as shown in Table 1. Table 1 Area and population of the city and 3 Districts Area Population (persons）lation Population density (2007) District （km2） 2002 2007 （person／km2） Ilala 210 634,924 783,687 3,732 Temeke 652 768,451 948,498 1,455 Kinondoni 531 1,083,913 1,337,875 2,520 Dar es Salaam City 1,393 2,487,288 3,070,060 2,204 Source：Dar es Salaam City Council Profile 2004

(3) Land use In parallel to the expansion of the City, the light industry area has been formed along the Nyerere Road. Thus, industrial area is spread along a corridor 300m wide on each side of the Road. On the other hand, residential houses of low income group and commercial activities by small shops and street vendors spread over for both sides of Nelson Mandela Road in Buguruni Ward, which is located the area more than 300m northward from the intersection as shown in Map 2.

(4) Income level and poverty situation The City is Tanzania’s most important city for business. About one half of Tanzania’s manufacturing employment is located in the City despite the fact that the City holds only 10 % of Tanzania’s population. Majority of the industrial establishments (64%) are located in Temeke District, 29% are in Kinondoni District and 7% in Ilala Distrct. Based on the 2002 statistics, the GDP of the City was 16% of the national GDP. The survey indicates GDP per capita for the City to be Tshs 584,086 with 35% of the population earning an average low income of Tshs 387,319 per year. Based on statistics for 2002, unemployment in the City was 46.5% while in other urban areas it was 25.5% and in rural areas it was 18%. Although the poverty rates of the city are much lower than the rest of the country, the poverty remains high despite the interventions which have been put in place to check on poverty. The Household Survey 2000/2001 showed 7.5% of the city population as being unable to get adequate food (food poverty) and 17.6 % unable to get basic needs (basic needs poverty).

(5) Transportation For passenger transport in the City public transport service is dominated by small buses called “Daladala”, because their fare is cheaper than city bus and their transport networks spread over the city. The service offered, however, is poor due to overloading and overcrowded buses particularly during peak hours. In addition, reckless driving, route shortening, and frequent getting on and off passengers at shorter intervals are main cause of traffic congestions

2 and accidents. On the other hand, for cargo transport the services are mostly carried out by heavy vehicles including trailer trucks, especially for roads connecting Dar es Salaam Port and inland country area. Cargo transport also gives rise to traffic congestion and vehicle air pollution due to overloading and poor maintenance of exhaust emission. As for railway transport, the current service frequency is very limited at five runs a day, although the service covers both passenger and cargo.

(6) Social services 1) Water supply Among three Districts, ratio of the population served clean and safe water is 68% for Temeke District and 52 % for , and the remaining population have no direct access. 2) Sewerage system Less than 55% of the City population is served by the sewer collection system. The rest of population depends on site disposal systems, particularly septic tanks and pit latrines. 3) Storm water drainage Storm water drainage is established space between main road and service road. Because of lack of regular maintenance, the drainage system frequently gets blocked and flooding can occur even in relatively high area. 4) Power supply Power distribution to the city is generally well spread covering all of the City. However, power failures are very frequent and significantly affect business activities. 5) Others Regarding infrastructure improvement, western part of Buguruni Ward, roads, footpaths, drainage, sanitation, solid waste, street lightning and public toilets are improving through the community Infrastructure Upgrading Program (CIUP).

(7) Education System The education system in Tanzania is divided into stages, starting from pre-primary education to the tertiary education. Pre-primary education lasts for one to two years and pupils are enrolled at the age of five to six years. Primary education follows the pre-primary education and mandatory. However, average primary enrolment is 360,000 in 3,000 classrooms giving an average of overcrowded 120 pupils per classroom. In addition, many pupils cannot access the teacher due to high pupil to teacher ratio of more than 50.

(8) Public health The status of health services in the City is very poor as found in the fact that the ratio of population to physician is more than of 18,000. The quality of service is reflected in long queues to see doctors, congestion in hospital wards and poor facilities in general. In addition the number of hospitals is too small especially by compared to the city population. In the City malaria and water-borne diseases are the most commonly reported illness and

3 malaria is the leading cause of death for both children under the age of five and the rest of population. Malaria is of particular concern, both because of high rates of incidence and because of the potential for the development of drug resistance. Water-borne diseases most present are typhoid and schisitosomiasis.

3-3 Natural environment (1) Climate The City experiences a modified type of equatorial climate. It is generally hot and humid throughout the year with an average temperature of 29ºC. The hottest season is from October to March during which temperatures can raise up to 35ºC. It is relatively cool between May and August, with temperature around 25ºC. There are two main rain seasons; a short rain season from October to December and a long rain season between March and May. The average rainfall is 1,000mm (the lowest 800mm and highest 1,300mm).

(2) Geomorphology and geotechnical conditions The City is subdivided into two main units known as the Upland and the Coastal Plain. The Uplands is an uplifted block elevated at 40 - 200m above sea level with slopes between 5 - 15% and 15 - 30%. Geological base of the area is uplifted coral limestone of late Pleistocene of the geological era. According to geotechnical data the foundation has N-value of more than 50 and is very stiff as a bearing layer for pile foundation.

(3) River and stream The Msimbazi River is a major river in the City and has a very large flood plain. Flooding is a chronic problem in many parts of the City and generally occurs in lower regions. However, there is neither river nor minor streams crossing or flowing along the road in the project area.

(4) Plants, animals and eco-system The vegetation of the City is characterized by a varied mosaic of vegetation with shaded trees, laws, hedges and planted gardens, mostly of exotic nature, with almost all the natural vegetation having been lost. No precious species of plants and animal are found.

3-4 Environmental pollution (1) Air quality Rapid growth of the urban economy of the City led to the rapid deterioration of environmental conditions. Vehicle traffic is the major source of air pollution in the City .The situation of poor air quality caused by vehicle traffic is due to following reasons: i) Huge number of used vehicles with poor fuel combustion system ii) Poor fuel quality iii) Poor town panning iv) Abundance of unpaved streets

4

(2)Water pollution Rivers in the City are heavily polluted due to untreated domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater. In the residential area of Buguruni Ward, in rainy season stagnation of water and flooding often occur, which may cause water-borne diseases due to mixed human waste, because of lack of proper drainage system.

(3) Waste Currently, the City generates about 3,000 tons of solid waste per day (2002). About 40% to 45% of the amount generated is being collected and disposed-off at the dumpsite.

4. Legal framework of Environmental and Social Considerations 4-1 Laws and regulations relevant to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) (1) The Environmental Management Act (EMA), No. 20. The Environmental Management Act (EMA), No. 20, which was established in 2004, governs environmental management issues including Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) requirements in Tanzania. The Act stipulates that any developer of a project to which EIA is required shall undertake at his own cost EIA before commencement of the project.

(2) Projects required EIA For the projects relevant to construction and expansion or upgrading of roads, EIA is required as mandatory in the Third Schedule of EMA, 2004, and in Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines and Procedure (Vice President’s Office, 2007)

(3) Procedures for EIA approval Procedures for EIA approval is shown in Figure 1.

5 (Proponent) Project Plan

Registration with Project Brief

(NEMC action) Screening

Preliminary Assessment EIA is not required (full) EIA required required

Preliminary Environmental Scoping Report (SR) Environmental Scoping Report (PER)

Preparation of TOR for EIA Study (Proponent)

Conduct EIA Study (by EIA Experts)

Prepare Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

Submit Revised EIS Submit EIS Submit PER

(NEMC action) Review

Public Hearing (Public Hearing Report)

Comment/Advice on Permit Decision

Revision of EIS Finalize EIS/PER/SR EIS/PER not approved

Submit to Minister

(Minister: Decision) Certificate issued by Minister

Project implementation (Proponent)

Environmental Monitoring (Environmental Monitoring Report)

(NEMC action)

Environmental Auditing (Environmental Audting Report)

Decommission of the project (Decommissioning Report)

6

Figure 1 Procedures for EIA Approval in Tanzania

(4) Institutional framework Among the institutional set-up for environmental management from national level to village level National Environmental Management Council (NEMC) is the main regulatory body for EIA in Tanzania. (5) Time frame of EIA approval The total period for the determination of an all stages by NEMC is at most 150 working days (Screening - 30 days, Approval of EIA TOR - 30 days, Review - 60 days including 21 days for public views) and issuance of Provisional Environmental permit - 15 days. The above time frame does not include the period a proponent takes to fill a registration form, prepare Preliminary Environmental Report or Environmental Impact Statement nor does it include time for Public Hearing. (3) Competent Agency Competent agency to evaluate, review the Project and the Environmental Impact Statement and issue EIA Certificate is National Environment Management Council (NEMC). It was established under the EMA as the principal agency of government. Organization in charge of EIA issues is Department of Environmental Planning and Auditing in Directorate of Environmental Impact Assessment as shown in Figure 2.

National Environmental Management Council

Director General

Legal Division Internal Audit Regional Office

Environmenta Environemntal Environmental Environmenta l Information, Administratio Planning and compliance l Impact Communicati n & Finance Research &Enforcement Assesment* on &

Reasearch & Manpower Environmental Mnonitoring & Education & Planning Development Planning and Compliance Awareness (Terrestreal) Administration Auditing*

Research & Inspection Environmental Information Planning Finance Monitoring and Sanitation Management (Aquatic) and Auditing

Chemical Management

7 Note: * Department of Environmental Planning and Auditing, Directorate of Environmental Impact Assessment is in charge of EIA matters Figure 2 Organization chart of National Environment Management Council (NEMC)

4-2 Legislation relevant to Involuntary Resettlement The principal legislation that provides the legal basis for compensation and resettlement in Tanzania relevant to the road development are as follows: -Land Act, 1999, Cap. 113 R.E. 2002 -Village Land Act, 1999, Cap 114 R. E. 2002 -Land Acquisition Act, 1967, Cap. 118 R. E. 2002 -Road Act, 2007 -Urban Planning Act, 2007 In addition, the Land Act is supplemented by a number of pieces of subsidiary legislation that are relevant to compensation and resettlement.

4-5 Information Disclosure and Public Participation According to the Part XIV (Public participation in environmental decision making) and Part VI (Environmental Impact Assessment and other assessment) in EMA, information disclosure and the public participation are pre-requisite to all the projects to provide different stakeholders with an opportunity to share the information and to raise their concerns from the project scoping stage to the approval of EIA Certificate by proper information disclosure, public consultation and public hearing.

5. Outline of relevant Agency and Institution which implement Project, EIA so on. 5-1 Name of the Project Proponent -The Responsible Agency (Lead Agency) is the Ministry of Infrastructure Development (MOID). -The Implementing Agency (Proponent) is Tanzania National Roads Agency (TANROADS). - Organization chart of both agencies are shown in Figure 3 and 4.

8 Minister

Permanent Secretary

Administration & Human Resources Policy and Planning Division (Director) Management Division (Director)

Finance and Accountants Unit (Chief Procurement Management Unit (Principal Accountant) Supplies Officer)

Internal Audit Unit (Chief Internal Auditor) Supplies and Services Division

Information, Education & communication Unit Executive Agencies (TAA, TGFA,TMA, (Principal Information Officer) TANROADS, TBA, TEMESA)

ManagmentInformation Systems Unit (Principal Legal Services Unit (Principal Legal Officer) Computer Systems Analyst)

Safety and Technical Service Transportation Transport Environment Division Services Division Infrastructure Division (Director) (Director) Division (Director) * (Director)

Infrastructure and Electrical and Surface Transport Transport Safety Trunk Roads and Mechanical Management Management Port Section Section Section Section

Maritime Environemnt Public Buildings Trasnport Regional Roads Management Section Management Section Section* Section

Air Transport Management & Railways Section Meteorology Section

Airports and Aerodomes Section

Note: * In charge of EIA and Compensation & Resettlement Figure 3 Organization Chart of Ministry of Roads (MOID)

9 (Ministry of Infrastructure and Development)

Minister

Permanent Secretary Ministrial Advisory Board (MAB)

Chief Execuitve

Legal Services Unit Internal Audit (Chief (Principal Legal Internal Auditor) Counsel)

Directorate of Directorate of Directorate of Directorate of Procurement & Directorate of Planning Maintenance Busines Support Contracts Projects (Director) (Director)* (Director) (Director) (Director)

Administration & Government of Monitor & Support Planning Goods & Works Human Resources Tanzania for Lake Zone Managmenet

Research & Consultancy Monitor & Support Multilateral Finance Materials Services for central Zone

Monitor & Support Safety & Management Contracts Control Bilateral for Southern Environment* Information &ICT Highlands Zone

Public/Private Monitor & Support Design & Standards Public relations Partnership for Coastal Zone

Monitor & Support Regional Office for Weighbridge Operation

Note: * In charge of EIA and Compensation & Resettlement Figure 4 Organization Chart of Implementation Agency (TANROADS)

6. Outline of the Project and Analysis of Alternatives 6-1 Outline of the Project The objective of the Project is to meet increasing transportation demand and contribute to reduction of traffic congestion, especially in the central Area of Dar es Salaam City, through the improvement of Tazara intersection.

6-2 Analysis of Alternatives (1) Comparison of five project alternatives As for the project plans for improvement of Tazara intersection, there are four project alternatives

10 as shown in Table 3. Table 3 Four project alternatives for the improvement of Tazara intersection Alternatives Outline ・ Requested plan by Government

of Tanzania. ・ A 4-lane bridge in accordance (1) 4 lane with forecast traffic demand of flyover

2030. Requested

・ A 2-lane bridge in accordance with forecast traffic demand of (2) 2 lane 2015. flyover ・ Possibility of widening to 4-lane in the future.

(3) At-grade ・ Improvement of lane configuration including increase in number of lanes for improveme right or left turns. nt

(4) Traffic ・ Optimization of signal timings (phasing, cycle length and split). Additional Alternatives Additional

Signal Optimizati on

For analysis of alternatives five project options including without the project (zero option) were evaluated in terms of various items such as technical (capacity of road to comply with future increasing traffic volume, ease of construction work, etc.), economic (construction cost, beneficial impact, etc.) and environmental criteria. Out of the above evaluation, the result of comparison in view of environmental and social considerations is shown in Table 4. Table 4 Comparison of five alternatives in terms of environmental and social considerations Alternative Evaluation* Planning Stage** Construction Stage Operation Stage (1) 4- lane Δ In order to secure Adverse impacts such Significant improvement ROW (60m flyover as air pollution, of traffic congestion is width) for the project, noise, waste, expected. However, occurrence of inconvenience to there is awareness that involuntary resettlement is business and living reduction air pollution expected because activities are and noise is not expected there are found expected to be the due to the resulted encroachments of some facilities, largest among increase of traffic structures and alternatives. volume and poor exhaust business emission maintenance of activities within the ROW. running vehicles is remained unchanged.

11 (2) 2- lane Δ In order to secure Adverse impacts such Considerable ROW (60m flyover as air pollution, improvement of traffic width) for the project, noise, waste, congestion is expected. occurrence of inconvenience to However, there is involuntary resettlement is business and living awareness that reduction expected because activities are air pollution and noise is there are found expected to be the not expected due to the encroachments of some facilities, second largest among resulted increase of structures and alternatives. traffic volume and poor business exhaust emission activities within the ROW. maintenance of running vehicles is remained unchanged. (3) At Grade △ In order to Adverse impacts such Some improvement of secure ROW Improveme as air pollution, traffic congestion is (60m width) for nt the project, noise, waste, expected. However, occurrence of inconvenience to there is awareness that involuntary resettlement is business and living reduction air pollution expected because activities are and noise is not expected there are found expected to be the due to the resulted encroachments of some facilities , third largest among increase of traffic structures and alternatives.. volume and poor exhaust business emission maintenance of activities within the ROW. running vehicles is remained unchanged. (4) Traffic о In order to conduct Construction work is Some improvement of traffic signal Signal expected to be traffic congestion is optimization, it is Optimization not necessary to minimum scale. expected. However, secure ROW. there is awareness that Thus the occurrence of reduction air pollution involuntary and noise is not expected resettlement is due to the resulted not expected. increase of traffic volume and poor exhaust emission maintenance of running vehicles is remained unchanged. (5) Zero о No involuntary No impact, because Present situation of Option resettlement because of no action. traffic congestion will be of no action. worsened due to expected increasing traffic volume.

12 Note 1: *о- adverse impact is negligible, △- adverse impacts is expected but not significant Note 2: ** It is necessary to secure ROW (60 m width) except (4) traffic signal optimization plan

In case of zero option and traffic signal optimization plan, only negligible adverse impact is expected. Thus, they are more recommendable in terms of environmental and social considerations. On the contrary, in case of other three project plans adverse impacts are expected considerably, although not significantly. The result of overall evaluation, however, plan of 4-lane flyover construction is selected as the first priority, because the plan is expected to have enough capacity for proper handling of increasing traffic volume in future and to be able to materialize reduction of traffic congestion most effectively, although the plan is a little inferior or the same level to other plans in view of technical feasibility, construction cost and environmental and social considerations.

(2) Comparison of two roads for 4-lane flyover construction plan Regarding selection of road over which 4-lane flyover will be constructed, there are two options. One is 4-lane flyover over Nelson Mandela Road and another is that over Nyerere Road. Through comparison of two options in terms of environmental and social considerations, 4-lane flyover construction over Nyerere Road is preferable to that over Nelson Mandela Road as shown in Table 5. This conclusion is the same as the result of overall evaluation with various items such as capability of coping with future traffic congestion, project cost, ease of construction work including environmental and social considerations.

Table 5 Comparison of flyover construction plans in terms of environmental and social considerations Evaluat Flyover Involuntary resettlement/land acquisition ** ion* (1) Flyover ++ Involuntary resettlement is expected due to encroachment on ROW by facilities and structures and small business activities with more than bridge 100 Project Affected Persons (PAPs). on Nelson Adverse impacts except involuntary resettlement by construction of the Mandela flyover are expected as the same level on both roads. Road (2) Flyover + Involuntary resettlement is also expected due to encroachment on ROW by facilities and structures and small business activities with about 20 bridge PAPs. Thus, Expected scale of compensation and/or resettlement is less on than that of Nelson Mandela Road. Nyerere Road Adverse impacts except involuntary resettlement by construction of the flyover are expected as the same level on both roads. Note: * Extent of adverse impact. (++) - significant, (+) - not significant

7. Adverse Environmental and Social Impacts

13 Identification of envisioned adverse impacts and examination of envisioned mitigation measures were conducted assuming the project plan of 4-lane flyover construction on Nyerere Road.

7-1 Activities due to the cooperation project Expected activities due to the project for 4-lane flyover construction are shown in Table 6. Table 6 Activities due to the project for 4-lane flyover construction Stage Activities due to the Projects Land acquisition and/or involuntary resettlement Planning Stage Change of plan for use of lands and local resources Extraction and transportation of construction materials from quarries and borrow pits Engineering works for earthmoving, cutting and filling Construction Installation of plants, warehouse and worker's camps Stage Operation of construction plants, machines and vehicles Construction work of road and related facilities and structures Operation of road transportation Operation Stage Space occupancy of roads and related facilities and structures Use of road for business and living activities

7-2 Envisioned adverse environmental and social impacts (Environmental Scoping) Envisioned adverse environmental and social impacts due to the project are identified, predicted and evaluated with rating for 31 items of social environment, natural environment and environmental pollution according to the scoping procedure of JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations, and summarized in Table 7. Table 7 Result of Environmental Scoping St Rat Environment item *, ag ing Description of expected impacts ** e* ** ** ** < 1 > Social Environment 1 Involuntary P B 1)Right of Way (ROW, 60m width) was mostly secured for target road Resettlement span around Tazara Intersection by TANROADS. Encroachment within the ROW, however, is found on service roads and edges of ROW by following facilities, structures and business activities: (1) fences and part of plots belonging to Azam factory and government institutions (Tanzania Zambia Railway Authority and National Housing Corporation), (2) business activities by small shops, kiosks and street vendors, (3) utilities such as water pipes and electric poles, (4) car park spaces, big signboards and planted trees. Some of the encroachers have rights of occupancy and/or usage due to the licenses given and actual occupancy for long years, although their eligibility is not clear at present. Therefore, involuntary resettlement may occur due to (a) disposition of rights of occupancy and usage of ROW, and (b) loss and/or relocation of

14 encroached sites, facilities and structures, and business activities within ROW, although actual displacements of houses and people are not expected. P C Procurement of construction materials can be attained by purchasing them from domestic suppliers, because the scale of construction work is not large. Thus, utilization of quarries and borrow pits is not necessary. P C Land secured for construction office, warehouse and worker's camp: It depends on the plan. 2 Local economy C B 1) People of small shops, kiosks and street vendors, who encroached into such as ROW will lose the jobs due to site clearance for construction of the employment and flyover. 2) Employment of local people will be generated for livelihood etc. construction work. O D Smooth access to offices and working places, and increase of convenience to social services such as hospitals, schools, churches, etc. are expected due to the improvement of the traffic condition. 3 Land use and P C There is some possibility of change in land use for housing and business utilization of local activities due to the project. resources C B Water use for construction work including worker's camp may compete with the community water supply. 4 Social institutions T B If information disclosure regarding the project plan are not properly such as social conducted, anxieties and complaints may spread over the people and infrastructure and communities resulting in difficulties for obtaining thorough local understanding of the project and consensus with them. decision-making institutions 5 Existing social T B 1) Construction works may give rise to temporary traffic congestion and infrastructures inconvenience for accessibility to social services. 2) Utilities such as and services electric lines, water pipes, telecommunication lines and sewer lines are established on and/or underneath the road. Thus, relocation might be necessary depending on design of plan and construction work. 6 The poor, T B Construction work may disturb living conditions of people in the project indigenous ethnic area and small-business activities of street vendors and kiosks in the people ROW and along the roadside. 7 Misdistribution of T B If information of the project plan including construction work is not benefits and adequately disclosed to local people and road users from an earlier stage, damage and proper compensation and support for all PAPs are not properly implemented, misdistribution of benefit and damage is likely to occur. 8 Local conflict of T B If information of the project plan including construction work is not interests adequately disclosed to local people and road users from an earlier stage, and proper compensation and support for all PAPs are not properly implemented, local conflict of interests is likely to occur. 9 Cultural property C C There is some possibility of disturbance to access to cultural property and

15 and heritage sites heritage sites due to construction work. However, distribution of these sites is unknown at present. 10 Water usage or P C Water rights, fishery rights and rights of common are not known in the Water rights and area. However, activities such as water intake and fishing are not Rights of operated in ROW. Common 11 Public health and C B Air pollutants such as dust, SPM, NOx, SOx emitted from construction Sanitation vehicles and machines and construction work may cause some adverse effect to respiratory organs. O B Air pollution due to increase of traffic volume may cause some adverse effect to respiratory organs. 12 Infectious C B Infection with HIV/AIDS and venereal disease was reported at worker's diseases such as camps during road construction in other African countries. HIV/AIDS 13 Hazards (cyclone, C C No additional risk of disaster or security is expected due to road drought, etc.) and improvement. However, there is anxiety of increase in crime incidence risk due to inflow of construction workers. 14 Accidents C B Traffic accidents are likely to increase due to an increase of vehicles for construction work. O B Improvement of traffic congestion may give raise to an increase in the number of vehicles travelling Nelson Mandela and Nyerere Road. This may also result in an increased number of traffic accidents if proper traffic management and upgrading up of traffic manners of both drivers and pedestrians are not improved. < 2 > Natural Environment 15 Topography and C C Construction of the flyover may give rise to some topographical and Geology geological alteration, although only on a small scale. Thus a detailed geological survey is necessary for the Outline Design Study. 16 Soil erosion C C No large-scale land cutting or filling are expected. However, if improper cutting or filling it is undertaken it is likely to cause soil erosion in the rainy season. 17 Groundwater C C A large scale exploitation of groundwater is not expected. However, there is some possibility of utilizing groundwater, if water for construction works is not provided by the city water supply. 18 Hydrological C C Construction of roadside gutters may result in some changes in the situation/Drainage hydrological situation of drainage including disturbance of the local pattern drainage system. O C There is some possibility of partial road inundation due to poor drainage of road surface run-off water. 19 Coastal zone P D Dar es Salaam City is situated on the East Indian Ocean coast. However, the project area is not located in a coastal zone. 20 Fauna, Flora and C B No rare, endangered or endemic terrestrial plant or animal species are

16 Biodiversity expected. However, planted trees such as Jakaranda and Neem species and greens along the road contribute to the amenity of the area. Increase in air pollutants due to increase in the number of vehicles may cause adverse impacts on planted trees and greens. Fauna, Flora and O B Removal and/or transplantation of road side trees and greens are Biodiversity expected due to earthmoving and construction works. 21 Landscape O C Appearance of the flyover and removal and/or relocation of trees and greens in the ROW may result in some deterioration of the roadside landscape. 22 Meteorology P D No large-scale topographical alteration are expected.

Global Warming C C Generation of greenhouse gases such as CO2 is expected due to construction vehicles and machines. However, extent of impact is unknown.

O C Increase in greenhouse gases such as CO2 is expected due to increase of traffic volume. However, extent of impact is unknown. < 3 > Environmental Pollution 24 Air pollution C B Roadside air pollution is expected due to emission of air pollutants such as dust, NOx, SOx from construction vehicles and machines, and earthmoving and construction work. O B Improvement of traffic congestion may give rise to an increase in the number of vehicles traveling. This may also result in an increase in

emission of air pollutants such as SO2, NOx, from the exhaust particulates. In addition, poor emission control of many vehicles due to insufficient maintenance and inspection may accelerate to emission of bad smells and black smoke along the road. 25 Water pollution C B Water pollution due to inflow of soil and sand from construction work and wastewater from workers’ camps is expected somewhat. 26 Soil C B Toxic materials such as asphalt emulsifiers utilized for road construction contamination may give rise to soil contamination. However, extent of impact is unknown. 27 Bottom sediment C D No reclamation or dredging work is expected. 28 Waste C B Generation of soil, sand and construction waste is expected at quarry, borrow pits, road construction work and workers' camp, etc. 29 Noise and C B Generation of noise and vibration from construction machines and Vibration vehicles is expected. O B Increase in generation of noise and vibration due to increase in traffic volume is expected. 30 Ground C D No major earth moving or reclamation is expected. Subsidence 31 Offensive odors C C There is some possibility of bad smells spreading over and along the road due to poor emission control of construction machines and vehicles.

17 O C There is some possibility of bad smell spreading over along the road due to poor emission control of heavy trucks.

Note 1: * Environmental items in the scoping are based on the JICA Guidelines for Environmental Considerations (2004) with some modifications as referred to the Environmental Guidelines for Infrastructures Projects by JICA (1992). Note 2: ** Concerns regarding the impacts on "Gender" and "Children's Right" might be related to all items of the Social Environment. Note 3: *** P - Planning stage, C - Construction stage, O - Operation stage, T – whole stages. Note 4: **** Rating - No project (No action) and Project (4 lane flyover plan requested by Government of Tanzania). In general, both beneficial and adverse impacts are expected due to the project activities. However, only adverse impacts are the subject.

(1) Result of re-examining for project categorization 1) Expected major adverse impacts a) Planning stage - Involuntary resettlement is expected and it may affect two types of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) (a) land owners by land acquisition and (b) people having premise and/or structures and/or activities in the ROW. b) Construction stage - Environmental pollution due to air pollutants, water pollutants, noise and wastes are somewhat expected due to operation of construction vehicles, machines and construction plants, and earthmoving and construction work as well as workers’ camps. c) Operation stage - Improvement of traffic congestion may give rise to an increase in the number of vehicles travelling. This may also result in increases in emission of air pollutants and noise from vehicles, especially heavy trucks. In addition, poor emission control of many vehicles due to insufficient maintenance and inspection may accelerate to them. d) Whole stage If information disclosure regarding the project plan, and procedures and public participation are not properly conducted, anxieties and complaints may spread over the people and communities resulting in difficulties for obtaining thorough understanding of the project and consensus with them. properly conducted for throughout whole stages, anxieties and complaints may spread over the people and communities resulting in difficulties for obtaining thorough understanding of the project and consensus with them. In addition, delay or standstill of the project implementation may occur, if fully considerations are not taken to minimize misdistribution of benefits and damage, and to avoid local conflict of interest.

2) Categorization of the project Therefore, proposed project for construction of flyover and approach roads on the Nyerere Road is classified as category B as a result of re-examination by the survey in Tanzania.

18 8. Envisioned mitigation measures and monitoring The above mentioned adverse impacts should be fully taken into considerations to conduct further necessary baseline survey and examine the mitigation measures including avoidance and monitoring as much as possible as shown in Table 8. Baseline survey will be done to make further understanding of existing environment and the effects expected to be caused by the project activities. Mitigation measures will minimize the adverse impact to an acceptable level through the planning, construction and operation phases. Monitoring is required to ensure that the specified mitigation measures are properly carried out through construction and operation stages.

Table 8 Necessary baseline survey and envisioned mitigation measures and monitoring Rati Stag Environment item *, ** ng* Further necessary baseline study Mitigation measures and monitoring e*** ***

< 1 > Social Environment

1 Involuntary P B 1) Inventory survey on encroachment by 1) From an early stage of the plan, provide adequate

Resettlement land, facilities, structures and business information to PAPs and consult with stakeholders

activities) in ROW and rights of including PAPs to reach an agreement or thorough

occupancy and usage. 2) Identify the understanding of the issues as much as possible. 2) In case

occurrence and features of involuntary of involunatry resettlement, identify PAPs, evaluate the

resettlement and expected PAPs. 3) eligibility of PAPs and provide necessary compensation

Examine difference in involuntary and support measures complying with both both Tanzanian

resettlement policy between Tanzanian Laws and JICA Guidelines. 3) Formulate CRP

laws and JICA Guidelines. 4) Confirm (Compensation and Resettlement Plan) accompanying the

situation of information dissemination EIA study. 4) Monitor and evaluate result of

and holding stakeholdes meeting. 5) implementation of the CRP.

Confirm requirement of EIA and

procedure for EIA approval by NEMC.

C Confirm procurement plan for To be confirmed at Outline Design Study.

construction materials.

C Secure necessary sites for construction To be confirmed at Outline Design Study.

work such as office, workers' camp,

storage and disposal.

2 Local economy C B Survey on livelihood of people and Give local residents preference to have a chance to engage

such as business activities of small shops, kiosks in road construction work.

employment and and street vendors, who encroached

livelihood etc. into ROW.

O D Monitor materialization of traffic congestion improvement

and upgrading convenience for living and business

19 activities

3 Land use and P C Survey of existing land and water Promote an adequate land and water resource development

utilization of local resources (surface water and plan. O C resources groundwater) use and regulation.

4 Social institutions T B Survey on community structures, Information disclosure and public participation should be

such as social procedure of decision-making and fully considered for all the stakeholders from early stage of

infrastructure and opinion leaders in the Project area. planning for obtaining thorough understanding and

local consensus of the people and communities.

decision-making

institutions

5 Existing social T B (1) Survey on water supply and utilities 1) Promote cooperation with development plansof other

infrastructures along road and in ROW. (2) Survey of social infrastructure and services. 2) Consider how to

and services distribution and usage of existing social minimize temporary traffic congestion in the construction

infrastructure and services around the work plan. 3) Consult with community and the Municipalty

project site. to obtain consensus regarding water use, if necessary. 4)

Consult with owners/users of utilities to obtain consent for

removal or re-installation of utility lines at proper place, if

necessary.

6 The poor, C B (1) Survey on living conditions including If the poor and indigenous ethnic people are expected to

indigenous ethnic road use of vulnerable social groups such become PAPs, their rights in relation to land and resources

people as the poor, women and children and must be respected and efforts should be made to obtain

indigenous ethnic people. their consent with fully considerations to compensate

properly or support to restore the present living condition.

7 Misdistribution of T B Survey on past experiences and causes Consultation with stakeholders including PAPs and

benefits and which may give rise to the community organizations, should be planned from an early

damage misdistribution of benefit and damage in stage to obtain understanding and consent among the

the communities. stakeholders in order to share equally benefits and damage.

8 Local conflict of T B Survey on the causes and solutions of Consultation with stakeholders including PAPs and

interests local conflicts of interests in the Project community organization, should be planned from early

area. stage to obtain understanding and consent among the

stakeholders in order to avoid or minimize local conflict of

interests.

9 Cultural property C C Inventory survey on cultural, historical Avoid alignments close to sites of cultural property and

and heritage sites and religious property in the Project area. heritage in the project plan.

10 Water usage or P D Survey on water rights and rights of

Water rights and commons in the area.

Rights of

Common

11 Public health and C B Survey on (1) prevalence and cause of 1) Measures for improvement of vehicle exaust emission.

20 Sanitation O B respiratory diseases, (2) medical 2) Periodical medical examiniation.

facilities, (3) medical examination in the

City.

12 Infectious C B 1) Survey on existing cases and cause of 1) Monitoring cases of HIV/AIDS before and after the

diseases such as HIV/AIDS in the project area. 2) Survey construction phase. (2) Enlightenment and campaign of

HIV/AIDS on cases of infectious diseases such as prevention and cure of HIV/AIDS.

HIV/AIDS during road construction

work.

13 Hazards and risk C C Survey on crime incidences and cause

(security) of crime in the City, especially during

road construction work.

14 Accidents C B Collect and analyze data regarding Suitable planning and management of road construction

accidents due to construction work. work to prevent and minimize the accidents..

O B Collect and analyze data regarding traffic Suitable planning and management of road traffic operation

accidents to prevent and minimize the accidents.

< 2 > Natural Environment

15 Topography and C C Detailed geological survey. 1) Avoid areas of unstable ground conditions. 2) Measures

Geology for prevention of landslide at the construction site

16 Soil erosion C C Survey on the areas susceptible to soil (1) Avoid the sites susceptible to soil erosion, (2) Measures

erosion for prevention of soil erosion at the construction site.

17 Groundwater C C Survey on groundwater (capacity, Measures to prevent penetration of polluted water to

quality, aquifer materials etc.) underground.

18 Hydrological C C Detailed survey on hydrological features Measures for preventing spill over of soil and other

situation/Drainage of rivers and drainages in the area. construction materials due to earthmoving work.

pattern

19 Coastal zone P D

20 Fauna, Flora and C B 1) Detailed survey on protected and/or Permission and/or compensation for cutting

Biodiversity precious plant and animal species in the down/removal/replanting trees are not required legally

Project area. (2) Survey on distribution because these trees are under ownership of TANROADS.

O B and owner/user of roadside vegetation. However, it is desirable to get consent from the

Municipality prior to treatment. According to the slogan by

President Nyerere, it is necessary to plant more than two

trees, if one tree is cut down.

21 Landscape O C Survey on important landscape in the Measures for roadside greening to harmonize with

Project area. surrounding landscape.

22 Meteorology P D Survey on cases of change in

microclimate by flyover construction.

23 Global Warming C D Rough estimation of expected Proper management for control of vehicle exhaust emission

greenhouse gas emission. and establish inspection system for exhaust gas emission O D

< 3 > Environmental Pollution

21 24 Air pollution C B 1) Inventory survey on major air Control of emission of air pollutants (dust, NOx etc.) from

pollution sources. 2) Collect and analyze construction machines and vehicles due to construction

data on present air quality and regulation. work.

O B 1) Proper management for control of vehicle exhaust

emission and establish inspection system for exhaust gas

emission. 2) Air quality monitoring along the road.

25 Water pollution C C 1) Inventory survey on major water Proper treatment of water pollutants generated from

pollution sources. 2) Collect and analyze construction work to comply with water quality regulation.

data on present water quality and

regulation.

26 Soil C C Survey on present situation of soil 1) Prevent accumulation of toxic materials in soil during

contamination contamination in the Project area. construction and operation phase. 2) Monitoring of soil

contamination around the sites of earth moving and

construction work sites.

27 Bottom sediment C C Survey on present situation of bottom 1) Monitoring of bottom sediment pollution in rivers, if

sediment pollution in the project area. necessary.

28 Waste C B Survey on present situation and 1) Consider ways to minimize waste generation in the

institutional structures of waste construction work plan. 2) Proper treatment and disposal of

management system in the Project area. wastes generated from construction work.

29 Noise and C B 1) Inventory survey on source of noise (1) Use low-noise and vibration equipment. (2) Examine

Vibration and vibration. 2) Collect data on present daily and weekly construction schedule to minimize

noise and vibration and regulation. impacts. (3) Installation of soundproof walls and buffer

zones.

P B 1) Prevent overloading of heavy vehicles. 2) Equip with

devices which generate lower noise and vibration to

vehicles.

30 Ground C D Survey on geotechnical and geological

Subsidence condition around Tazara intersection.

31 Offensive odors C C 1) Survey on complaints regarding on 1) Monitoring of offensive odor. 2) Proper management for

offensive odors in the project area. 2) control of vehicle exhaust emission and establish O C Survey on condition of vehicle inspection system for exhaust emission.

exhaust emission control. Note: *, **, ***, **** Same as those in Table 7.

9. Consultation 9-1 Stakeholder meeting on IEE and involuntary resettlement issue The meeting was held in the course of Preliminary Study. Participants were peoples of Implementing Agency (TANROADS) and MOID.

9-2 Items of discussions (1) Identification of major impacts due to the cooperation project and mitigation measures Some adverse impacts are expected for environmental items of involuntary resettlement (and/or

22 land acquisition), air pollution, water pollution, noise and vibration etc. Among them involuntary resettlement is a matter of main concern. Thus further efforts should be conducted to confirm ROW to be surely secured and encroachments into ROW for identifying PAPs, and prepare Compensation and Resettlement Action Plan by TANROADS and MOID.

(2) EIA Approval by NEMC It is necessary to follow the progress in EIA approval for the project by at first. Then it is also necessary to confirm if additional EIA and/or environmental and social considerations for the cooperation project are required or not. The Team explained the outline of JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations to the Tanzanian side. The Tanzanian side agreed to take JICA Guidelines fully into considerations when they would conduct EIA study of the Project and get EIA approval from responsible authorities in accordance with the Tanzanian laws and regulations. Regarding the resettlement and compensation issues, the Tanzanian side agreed to abide the compensation and resettlement policy of the Government and the JICA Guidelines. Tanzanian side also agreed to secure the appropriate budget for the resettlement and compensation for the project Affected Persons (PAPs), to be allocated before implementation of the Project. In this regard, a Complementation and Resettlement Plan (CRP) will be prepared properly.

10. Social Acceptability in case of involuntary Resettlement and Land Acquisition 1) Gaps between donors’ policy and the policy of Government of Tanzania In Road Sector Compensation and Resettlement Guidelines (Ministry of Infrastructure Development, 2009.2) compensation and resettlement requirements by donors were compared with those of Government of Tanzania. There are several differences in eligibility, valuation and compensation payment methods. For example, resettlement assistance to illegal occupants for eligibility and non-depreciated value of structures and assets for valuation are included in the World Bank policy, while there are no such considerations for compensation measures in Tanzanian laws. 2) Matters in considerations Therefore, following matters should be taken into considerations to facilitate social acceptability. (1) Sufficient compensation should be given to PAPs with taking the above mentioned gap into consideration. If there is any difference of involuntary resettlement policy between Government of Tanzania and JICA, that of JICA should be fully considered. (2) Participation by PAPs and their communities must be promoted in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of involuntary resettlement plans and measures against the loss of their means of livelihood via the disclosure of information from an early stage. (3) If PAPs are vulnerable social groups such as the poor, women, children, elderly and ethnic minority appropriate consideration should be given.

11. Important Notice on Outline Design Study In the Outline Design Study it is necessary to confirm the following matters to the Tanzanian side.

(1) Requirement of EIA and EIA approval by NEMC

23 According to result of re-examination of IEE, it is expected that several adverse impacts such as involuntary resettlement in planning stage, air pollution and noise in construction and operation stage. TANROADS should submit finalized project plan including the project brief to NEMC for EIA screening. According to EMA, if a full EIA study is required, TANROADS should make TOR for EIA to comply with both Tanzanian laws and JICA Guidelines, conduct EIA study and prepare Environmental Impact Statement for obtaining EIA certificate from NEMC and the concerned Minister according to procedure of EIA approval in Tanzania as shown in Figure 1. The team should keep watch the progress and support TANROADS as the following matters: 1) EIA requirement by NEMC 2) Contents of TOR for EIA Contents of EIA study report should comply with both Tanzanian laws and JICA Guidelines. In the EIA study environmental monitoring plan should be prepared for items of air quality and noise, compensation and resettlement, and reduction of traffic congestion. 3) Result of EIA study 4) Approval of EIA by NEMC and concerned Minister

(2) Identification of PAPs and preparation of CRP To confirm ROW to be surely secured and encroachments into the ROW for identifying PAPs, and prepare Compensation and Resettlement Plan (CRP), if involuntary resettlement occurs.

(3)To revise the result of IEE and Environmental Checklist for road sector prepared in the Preparatory Survey Incorporating further information, results of EIA study and progress in procedure for EIA approval, to revise the result of the IEE fill in the Environmental Checklist for road sector by consultation with stakeholders.

(4) To arrange consultants in charge of Environmental and Social Considerations to Outline Design Study Team It is necessary to arrange environment consultant(s) in the Team confirm the results of further studies, re-examine the IEE study mentioned in Table X and keep watch a Compensation and Resettlement Plan comply with JICA Guidelines.

(5) To fulfill the Gaps between donors’ policy and the policy of Government of Tanzania As described above (10.1) ), it is necessary to fill the Gaps between donors’ policy and the policy of Government of Tanzania

13. Other relevant Information 13-1 References - JICA (2008.6): Dar es Salaam Transport Policy and System Development Master Plan, Pre-Feasibility Study Report, Vol. II Tazara Intersection Improvement Project. - Ministry of Infrastructure and Development (2009): Road Sector Compensation and Resettlement Guidelines

24 - Dar es Salaam City Council (2004): Dar es Salaam City Profile - Prime Minisrer's Office for Regional Administration and Local Government, The Dar es Salaam City Council (2007): Consultancy Services for the Conceptual Design of a Long Term Integrated Dar es Salaam BRT System and Detailed Design for the Initial Corridor - Resettlement Policy Framework/Environmental and Social Impact Assessment.

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