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In 1792, I was introduced to the Lord Bishop of Durham’s Colliery Business by the following Letter.

Mr Buddle,

Though I have not had the pleasure of knowing you personally yet the honourable testimony borne to your Character by Messrs Pearson & Mowbray, and others on whose judgment I can rely, has induced me to recommend you to the Bishop of Durham as a fit person to be occasionally employed in viewing his Collieries and making the necessary inquiries into the value and other circumstances respecting the same and as that of Lanchester, now in Lease to the Earl of Sefton, lies in your Neighbourhood, I beg leave to trouble you to inspect the same and to obtain every information you can of the present annual profits accruing therefrom and when you have done so I shall be glad to see you at this place, or to be favoured with your Sentiments upon the subject; in the mean time,

I am, Mr Buddle, Your very obed. hble. Servt. Willm. Emm Auckland Castle Octor. 14th 1792

In Consequence of the above Request I viewed the Huttons Seam Workings in the Bogg and Machine Pits at Lanchester Common, where, although the Bords were driven with the utmost Regularity, at the Width of 4 yards, yet, as in the Bogg Pit the Winnings were only 9 Yards, and in the Machine Pit only 8 ditto, I objected to that Mode of Working, on Account of the great Loss of Mine that would follow, as none of the Pillars, so left, could now be wrought to any Extent. This Objection produced a View, on the Part of Mr Smythe the Sub Lessor (see Pa. [left blank]) and in Consequence of Writing to Mr Simon Smith, Mr Smythe’s Viewer, I received the following Answer.

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Sir I receiv’d your Letter requesting me to inform you, when I would be at Newcastle to give you a reason for the present mode of working Pontoppike Colliery, at which time you also wish’d to see Messrs. Smith, & Ramsey. I not having a day fixt with them, makes it not in my power to say what day, but shall as soon as Possible fix a day with them, and shall imediately give you a time, when I shall be glad to meet you, to give you every information, respecting Pontoppike Colliery. I am, Sir Witton Gilbert Your most Hum. Servt. Jany 12th 1792 [sic] Simon Smith

1 Having communicated to George Pearson Esqr. a short State of the Business, &c. in a few Days after I recd. the following letter from William Emm Esqr;

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Mr Buddle

I have long expected the pleasure of seeing or hearing from you in consequence of the promise I reced from you in your favour of the 25th of Octor. last. It is true you have wrote to Mr Pearson but the opinion you have given to that Gentlemen makes it the more necessary for me to know your further sentiments respecting the Lanchester Colliery a business without which the Bishop of Durham cannot possibly treat for a renewal of the Lease which Lord Sefton’s Agent has recently applied for, and therefore I must entreat you to be as expeditious as possible in making you report by which alone the Bishop can decide how to act.

Auckland Castle I am, Feb. 7th 1793 Sir, Your very obedt. hble. Servt. Willm. Emm

On Feb. [left blank] 1793 I had a Meeting at Newcastle with Mr Simon Smith, Mr John Smith and Messrs James and John Ramsay, when the Consequence of the present Mode of Working was fully enquired into, and deemed to be injurious to the See of Durham: Mr John Grey, Agent for the Proprietors of the Colliery, stated their Reason for Working, according to this Mode, which was, chiefly, that by Working the Huttons Seam Pillars, the Hard Coal Seam, lying 35 Fathoms above, and whole, would be totally crushed by the Breaking of the Strata of Stone, &c to the Surface: Now, as I had wrought the Hard Coal Seam in the adjoining Colliery under the same Predicament, I was fully prepared to overturn that Objection, and the Viewers coinciding with me in opinion, recommended the Mode of Working to be altered so soon as the Situation of these Pits would admit of the same.: --- Mr Gray promised it should be done accordingly, and the Viewers promised to draw up their Report in Writing as soon as convenient.

Mr Simon Smith promised to send me an Acct. of the Years Leadings ending Dec: 31: 1792, which came in the followg. Letter.

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Coals led from Pontoppike Colliery By the Right Hon. the Earl of Bute Lord Viscount Beauchamp & John Simpson Esqr from Dec. 31st 1791 ____Tenns Wagns. 1789 15

Coals Led from Lanchester Common____ By the Exrs of Sir Henry George Liddell Bart & Parts. From 31st Decr 1791, to and with 31st Decr 1792______Tenns. Wgns. 702 15

Sir According to your desire, have sent you the above Leadings I am, Sir Witton Gilbert Your most Hum. Sert. Feby 20th 1793 Simon Smith

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Copy of The Earl of Sefton’s Lease of Lanchester Collieries, for 21 Years commencing Jany. 24th 1789------

This Indenture made the 24th day of Jany. In the Twenty ninth Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord Geo. the 3rd by the Grace of God of Great Britain France, Ireland King Defr. of

2 the Faith etc And in the Year of our Lord 1789 Bet: the Right Rvd. Father in God Thomas by the Grace of God Lord Bishop of Dm. of the one pt. & the Right Honourable Chas. Wm. Earl of Sefton of the Kingdom of Ireland of the or. pt. Witnesseth that the sd. Revd. Father for divers good Causes and Consons him thereunto movg. Hath demised Granted & so farm letten & by these prests. for himself & his successors Doth demise grant & so farm letten to the sd. Chas. Wm. Earl of Sefton his Exs. Ads. & Ass. All those his Coal Mines & Seams of Coal Pit & Pits as well opened Coalmines as not opened Also all those Mines Veins & Groves of Lead ore & Iron stone that is or may or Lead Ore can be found withr. all or any of the moors commons Waste or Copyhold Lands lying & being Iron Stone within the parh. of Lanchester in the Co. of Dm. & more partarly [particularly?] hereind. mentd. (that is to say within all the moors & Commons of Ushaw & Flass Moor Underside, Ash Edge, Ash Land, the Half Murgate, Hamskeels Fell, Cornsay Raw, Rags Path, Raidon Knoll, Now Lay, Broomheads, Ousdan Law, East & West Butsfield Fells, Broad Wood Fell, Copei [?] Hill, Humber Moor & New Biggan Fells, Cold Rowley Fell, Knitsly Fell, Beery Edge Medomsley Fell Quarries of all Lanchester Fell & all ot. Commons within the par. of Lanchester & also all his Quarries of Slate Kinds and other Stones as well now found or opened as those that hereafter may or can be found or and opened within the said Moors Wastes Commons & Copyhold Lands Together with free Liberty to dig search trench & win in & upon the primes and every or any part thereof at his Will & pleasure for the searching out having getting or taking of Coals Lead Ore Iron Stone Slates & other Stones and the same so trenched digged & found to take & carry away from time to time & at all times during the Term by these presents demised Together also with

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full power and Liberty to dig and break the Soil & Ground within & upon all or any of the Grounds abovementd. & to sink pit & pits & to make & drive Drift or Drifts Watergate and Watergates as well for getting winning & working of Coals Lead Ore Iron Stone and other Stones & Slates as for the avoiding of Water & Styth & other Impediments Together also with free heap Room and Ground for laying Coals Ore Stones & Metall Shill and Rubbish upon and free wayleave & passage through all or any of the waste Grounds or Copyhold Lands he the said Charles William Earl of Sefton making satisfaction to the Owner of the Copyholds for the Damage done to their Grounds within the Parish of Lanchester aforesaid with all manner of Carriages to and from the said pits, Groves and Quarries (excepting and always reserving unto the said Reverend Father and his Successors one ninth part (the whole into nine parts to be equally divided) of all the Lead Ore that shall be got and wrought or gotten within the One Ninth of the premises during the Term of this Demise To have and to hold the said Coal Mines Seams of p Lead Ore to B . Coal Veins of Lead Or Iron Stone Quarries of Slate and other Stone pit and pitts as well opened as not opened within the parish of Lanchester aforesaid and all and singular other the premises with their and every of their Appurtenances before mentioned to be demised (except before excepted) unto the said Charles William Earl of Sefton his Executors Administrators and Assigns from the making hereof for and during and unto the full End and Term of twenty one years from thenceforth next and immediately following fully to be complete and ended Yielding and paying therefore yearly during the said Term unto the Reverend Father and his Successors or to his or their Receiver General or Assignee for the time being at or in the Exchequer at Durham the several Rent hereinafter mentioned (that is to say) the annual Rent of ten pounds of Lawful Money of Great Britain for the said Coal- mines and Seams of Coal the annual Rent of thirteen Shillings and four pence of like lawful £10 certain Rent money for every going pit of Coals (that is to say) whilst the same shall be wrought and the s d 13 4 for every Pit Annual Rent of one Shilling of like lawful money for the said Mines of Lead Ore Iron Stone and s 1 for the Lead Quarries of Slate and other Stone be they more or less within the said premises at four Feasts Mines, and or Terms in the year (that is to say) at the Feasts of the purification of the blessed Virgin Mary Quarries Pentecost and Lammas and Saint Martin the Bishop in Winter by even and equal portions

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Copy of

3 The Earl of Sefton’s Lease of Lanchester Collieries, for 21 Years commencing Jany. 24th 1789---

without Deduction or Abatement for any manner of Taxes or Assesses either by Act of Parliament or otherwise howsoever And if the said yearly Rent of ten pounds or the said yearly Rent of thirteen Shillings and four pence for every going pit or one shilling or one of them or any part of one of them happen to be behind and unpaid by the space of twenty days next after any of the said Feasts or Days at which the same ought to be paid as aforesaid that then and from thenceforth this present Indenture of Lease or Grant to cease determine and be utterly void and of none Effect any thing herein contained to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding And the said Charles William Earl of Sefton doth covenant and grant to and with the said Reverend Father and his Successors that he the said Charles William Earl of Sefton his Executors Administrators and Assigns within the said Term shall and will well and orderly work the said pit and pits in such good manner and So it as other pits in the said County are usually or ought to be wrought and shall and will leave sufficient Walls and pillars of Coal for the support of the Roof of the said Colliery and Coalmine And that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Reverend Father and his Successors and his and their Agents nominated by him or them at any time during this demise without any Interruption to ride or descend all such pits or Shafts out of which the Coals are to be wrought and to use the Ropes Rollars and other usual Materials thereto belonging for that purpose and for their safe Return out of the said pit or pits to the Intent of inspecting and surveying the said Coal Mines and the working thereof so as such persons be no more than three at any one time in one Day and do not obstruct the working of the said Colliery more than Necessity requires And the said Charles William Earl of Sefton his Executors Administrators and Assigns shall not nor will do or suffer to be done any wilful or negligent Act or Thing which may hazard the drowning of the said Collieries or occasion wilful Loss or Damage to the same and shall and will during the said Term well and truly do and perform unto the said Reverend Father and his Successors all such Customs Duties and Services as for the said demised premises have been accustomed or of right ought to be done and performed In Witness whereof the parties aforesaid have interchangeably set their hands and Seals the Day and year first above written.

Ben. Darnell Sefton LS Testd. Geo. Green

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The following was transmitted to William Emm Esqr;

“A Statement of the Tentale Rents arising to the Rt. honble. the Earl of Sefton for Coals wrought out of, and Led from Pontop Pike and Lanchester Common Collieries for the Year ending Dec: 31: 1792.

£ s d From the Rt honble. the Earl of Bute and Lord Viscount Beauchamp } and John Simpson Esqr. for Pontop Pike Colliery…………………………… } Tens Wags 1789 15…at 16/0d p. Ten……………….1431 14 10¾

From the Exors or Representatives of the late Sir Henry George Liddle} Bart. and Partrs for Lanchester Common } Tens Wags 702 15…@ 15/0d p. ..…………..………...527 -- 2 ½

From John Silvertop Esqr; the certain rent of the Colliery under a}………...…21 -- -- Tract of divided Common called Kyo Heugh } N.B. The Lease of the above to Mr Silvertop has 8 or 9 Years} to go, and will not, I think, be renewed. } 4

From Robert Surtees Esqr; for a Landsale Colly. on Medomsley Fell…………50 -- --

From ______for a Landsale ditto at Burnopside…………………………….5 5 -- N.B. Gabriel Cole, the former Tenant, of this Pit, will} give 7 guineas (or perhaps more) per annum for it }

£2035 0 1 ¼

Observations.

The above Statement for the Year ending Dec: 31: 1792 does not afford a fair Average of the Leadings and annual Rents arising to the Earl of Sefton for the following Reasons, viz:

1. The Earl of Bute and Lord Beauchamp had 1613 Chaldrons of Coals resting in their Staiths at Dunstal and Derwenthaugh on Dec: 31: 1791, about 3500 [sic] of which were in the Staith at Derwenthaugh, which at that Time they were pulling down and removing the Materials thereof to their new Staith at Dunstal (in Consequence of these Lords having led their share of Pontop Pike Coals to Dunstal for two Years before, on Account of the Termination of the Way Leave Leases for Derwenthaugh Waggon Way); so that the Necessity they were under of Vending these old Coals from Derwenthaugh obliged them to reduce their Workings and Leadings during the Spring of 1792. 2. The Glutting of the London Market with such a Quantity of Old Coals (which were from long lying and being often flooded in the Staith become very little better than Rubbish) under

NEIMME-Bud-20-p7 the name of Windsors Pontop, a Coal hitherto, of established Reputation, operated farther in reducing their subsequent Leadings by the Disgrace, such a procedure, threw on their Coals, to the temporary Diminution of their Trade. Before the Regulation of the Coal Trade took place in 1790, the Leadings from Pontop Pike and Collierly Collieries were as below, viz: Tens Ws Tens Ws In 1787………. 2342 4} Average………. 2471 9 In 1788………. 2600 14}

N.B. 1. As the above includes the Leadings from Collierly which may be stated at 400 Tens, the Leadings from Pontop Pike at that Period of Time may be fairly stated at 2000 Tens per Annum. 2. Since the above Time the following new Collieries have been opened on Tyne, viz Benwell, Biggs Main, Heaton, &c which as they afford Coals of Reputation, especially the two latter, and contribute large Quotas to the general Vend, I think, that in Case of an unrestrained Trade, on the Ceasing of the present Regulation, which does not seem to be established on permanent Principles, that the Lords Bute and Beauchamp and John Simpson Esqr. will not be able to vend more than about 2000 Tens from Pontop Pike Colliery: ----As to the Grand Allies, at Lanchester Common, in Case of an open Trade, as above, it may be fairly inferred from the slow Trade they have had for some Years prior to the late Regulations that no great Increase of Leadings can be expected from them.

At the Time of Writing this their Workings are increasing, and from every Circumstance, I can avail myself of, I presume the Earl of Seftons Rental may be stated, on an average, at £2200 per Annum.

March 1: 1793 John Buddle

Mr Emms Answer is pasted on Page 9th ------

N.B. The Report of the Viewers mentioned in 1793, in the Month of February on Page 3rd is Copied on the following Page. 5

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Pontop Pike Colliery, Decr: 3rd: 1792

At the Request of Walter Smythe Esqr; Lessor, and the Right Honble. Earl of Bute, Lord Beauchamp, and John Simpson Esq: Lessees of this Colliery; you are desired to descend the Machine and Bogg Pits, and particularly to examine the Mode of Working these two Pits, the Walls and Pillars of Coal left for the support of the Roof in the first Working-over and to give your Opinion in Writing which is the best Method of Working the said Colliery to procure with Safety the greatest Quantity of Coals: You will observe that the Band or Stone in the Seam thickens to the South of the Colliery which renders a second Working very precarious; you will likewise enquire of the Under Viewer and Overman the Consequences that attended the Working of the Walls in the Vale, Well, and Stobb Pits where the Cover was heavy and the Stone thick. You will further consider the Propriety of Working Pillars in the Huttons’ Seam where the Top Seam remains unwrought, and whether a second Working might not injure that Seam which cannot be wrought for many years owing to the inferior Quality to the South West?

Agreeable to the foregoing Request, we this Day viewed and examined the Situation of the present Workings and a part of the Waste in the Machine and Bogg Pits; the Workings of the said Machine Pit have been wrought and are now continuing Working at 8 Yards to a Winning, (viz:) 4 Yards the Thickness of the Walls or Pillars, and 4 Yards the Breadth of the Bord, and Pillars in Length 40 Yards: and the Workings and Waste of the Bogg Pit at 9 Yards to the Winning, that is to say, 4 Yards the Breadth of the Bord, and 5 Yards the Breadth or Thickness of the Walls and Pillars and Pillars in Length 40 Yards; though in General the Bords are turned narrow out of the Headway’s Course and also driven narrow when near at the Pillar which keeps the Headways Course very strong. And the said Pits have been wrought very regular according to this Mode of Working, and are of the Opinion the Walls and Pillars remaining in the said Pits are left sufficient to support the Roof, but not to admit of a second Working. Therefore in this Case we would recommend the present Workings in the Machine Pit, and the whole of the Coal intended to be wrought in the Bogg Pit to be continued and wrought away in the same Manner; for if the Winnings in these Pits should be increased in the same Situation they are now in, so as to admit a second Working; and the first Fall, when taking off the Walls or Pillars should not approve effectually it might be the Means of occasioning a Creep coming upon the said Weak Walls remaining, and doing much Injury to the Colliery. We also viewed and examined the Situation of the Workings of the Pike Pit (which have formerly been wrought) at 12 Yards to a Winning (viz: 8 and 4) and found them working away the Walls and or Pillars on the South and West Quarter with tolerable Success, and the Colliery in this Part, so far as we examined, has also been wrought very regularly: We were also informed by the Under Viewer, Overman, &c now employed in the said colliery that several attempts have formerly been made to obtain a second Working of the Walls or Pillars of the Vale, Well and Stobb Pits, but from the thick Stone and Cover being very considerable in this Quarter and other unforeseen Circumstances they were defeated from getting off the Coal so as to obtain a sufficient Fall, by which Means a Creep ensued and run over the remaining Walls and rendered them in a lost State. We are informed that in adjoining Collieries the Walls and Pillars have been wrought off in the Huttons’ Seam under the whole Coal in the upper Seams after which the said upper seams have been wrought off with Success and sustained little or no Loss of Coal by means of the Huttons’ Seam being wrought off first, as such we would recommend the Walls and Pillars of the Huttons’ Seam to be wrought off whenever the Situation will permit. After duly considering the Situation of the whole Coal in the Machine Pit to the South of the present Workings now going in the said Pit; we would recommend such Breadth of Coal from the said Workings South to be got ready to supply the future Demands as to Places for the Workmen and to obtain the Quantity of Coal intended to be wrought at the said Pit by admitting the Winning to be 12 Yards, (viz:) the Bord 4 and the Pillar in Thickness 8 Yards and to leave a Barrier of whole Coal of at least 30 Yards in thickness adjoining the Waste now working in the said Pit which said Wall may be reduced after getting the first effectual Fall. And as the Coal must be wrought West back we would recommend that as soon as the Bords are driven two Pillars West to then begin to take away the Walls and Pillars from the eastmost Part and continue in a regular Manner West following the whole Coal, by which means, we are of the opinion, a greater Quantity of Coal will be obtained than if wrought away at 8 Yards to the a Winning and the Walls and or Pillars left remaining in the same Manner as in the former Workings. And the Barriers proposed to be left adjoining the Water Level and the old Waste, we are of opinion will be very sufficient to prevent

6 any ill Consequences arising or befalling the Colliery by working away the Walls or Pillars as aforesaid, in the Manner proposed.

(A Copy) Jas. Ramsay Jno. Ramsay Jno. Smith

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Mr Buddell [sic]

I had the satisfaction of receiving your Letter, and the Report of the Lanchester Collieries, which I transmitted to my Lord Bishop of Durham, who has been enabled thereby to set the Time for the renewal of the Lease, and I have the pleasure to inform you that his Lordship is perfectly satisfied with your conduct in that business; and as a proof of it I am desired to employ you in a similar concern, namely that of viewing the Leasehold Collieries at Stella of which the late Lyonel Vane Esqr. was the Lessee, some part of which is tenanted by Mr Silvertop who I presume can have no objection to your being employed by his Lordship and I know that Sir Henry Vane, in whom the property is now vested, will be much pleased at his Lordship’s making choice of a person of your abilities and Integrity to give him the necessary information of the situation & value of those Collieries. These I find are worked by various people, under assignment from the late Lessee, and it will be proper to know the Quantity and value of the Coals which are now vended, with such other Circumstances as you may conceive necessary to enquire into. It is the Bishop’s wish to be well-informed, without which he will not be able to do strict justice to himself or his Tenants. Sir Henry Vane, who has applied for a renewal, seems to know very little of the Circumstances of these Collieries, except that part which is let to Mr Silvertop, but I am assured that it is his wish to have it enquired into and to give his Lordship every satisfaction in his power.

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I troubled you with a few Lines last Week requesting your attendance in this Neighbourhood where I wish you to view some Collieries belonging to the See of Durham and I should be glad to be informed by a few Lines when I may expect to see you for though I am not often from home I may possibly be so without I am favoured with a few Days notice of your intention. I have much to say to you which must not be committed to paper.

I am, Mr Buddell, Auckland Castle Your very obedt. & most hble Servt. March 13th 1793 Willm. Emm

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Copy of the Lease of Greenfield Colliery – commencing Feb. 27. 1786.

This Indenture made the 27th Day of February in the twenty ninth Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord George the third by the Grace of God of Great Britain France and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith and so forth and in the Year of our Lord 1786 Between the Right Reverend Father in God John by the Grace of God Lord Bishop of Durham of the one Part and John Raylton of Cockfield in the County of Durham Gentleman of the other Part Witnesseth that the said Reverend Father for divers good Causes and Considerations him thereunto moving hath demised granted and to farm letten and by these Presents for himself and his Successors doth demise grant and to farm let unto the said John Raylton his Exors Admins and

Asns all those his Mines of Coal as well opened as not opened or hereafter to be opened won

or gotten within or under the Copyhold Closes commonly called or known by the name of

Greenfield, within or under all other the ancient Copyhold Grounds and within or under the

Leasehold Grounds, and within or under the Waste Grounds & Lanes of the said Reverend

Father and his Successors within the Territories and Precincts of the Township of West

Auckland in the County of Durham not demised to any other Person at the making hereof with

free Leave and Liberty to work dig and sink a Pit or Pits and to make Drifts and Watercourses

as will for the Winning Obtaining and Getting of Coals as for drawing and conveying away the

Water within the said Copyhold and Leasehold and Waste Grounds and Lanes together with

free Leave and Liberty of Passage for all Manner of Persons and Carriages to and from the said

Pit or Pits through all the Waste Grounds and Commons belonging to the said Reverend

Father and his Successors making Satisfaction for such Damage as may be done to the Soil of

the said Grounds or the Corn or Grass upon the same by the searching for draining winning or

working the said Mines or by carrying the Coals that may be gotten forth or out of the same

To have and to hold all and Singular the said Mines of Coal as well opened as not opened with

all Rights Privileges and Appurtenances thereunto belonging unto the said John Raylton his Term 21 Years Exors Admors and Assns from the Making hereof for and during and unto the full end and

Term of twenty one Years from thenceforth next and immediately following fully to be

compleat and ending Yielding and paying therefore yearly during the said Term unto the said

Reverend Father and his Successors or to his or their Receiver General or Assignee for the

Time being at or in the Exchequer at Durham the Rent or Sum of six pounds of lawful Money Rent £6 of Great Britain at the Feasts of St Martin the Bishop in Winter, the Purification of the blessed

Virgin Mary, Pentecost and Lammas by even and equal Portions without any Deductions or

Abatements for any Manner of Taxes or Assesses either by Act of Parliament or otherwise

howsoever and the said John Raylton for himself his Heirs, Exors Admors and Assns and every

of them doth hereby covenant promise

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and agree to and with the said Reverend Father and his Successors in Manner and Form following (that is to say) that the said John Raylton his Exors Admors and Assns shall and will during the said Term well and truly pay or cause to be paid unto the said Reverd. Father and his Successors the said yearly Rent of Six pounds herein above reserved and made payable on the Feasts and Days of Payment aforesaid as it shall become due by even and equal Portions and that he the said John Raylton his Exors Admors and Assns shall and will during the said Term well and orderly work the said Pit or Pits in such good Manner and Sort as other Pit or Pits belonging to the said Reverd. Father within the County of Durham are usually wrought or ought to be wrought and that it shall and may be lawful to and for the Agents, Viewers or & Servants of the said Rev. Father and his Successors from Time to Time and at all Times during the said Term at their Wills and Pleasures without any Interruption to ride and descend all and every such Pit or Pits Shaft or Shafts out of which the Coals to be wrought by Virtue of the Presents are to be drawn and brought to Bank and to use the Ropes Rollers and other usual Materials there of the said John Raylton his Exors Admors and Assns for that Purpose and for their safe Return forth and out of the said Pit or Pits Shaft or Shafts to the Intent to view 8 inspect Line and Survey the Colliery and Workings thereof so as such Viewers be no more than two at a time at any one View in any one Day and so as they do not thereby obstruct the working of the said Colliery or Drawing the Coals wrought to Bank more than Necessity requires for that Purpose and that he the said John Raylton his Exors Admors and Assns shall do and perform unto the said Reverend Father and his Successors all such Customs Duties and Services as for the said demised Premises have been accustomed or of Right ought to be done or performed. In Witness whereof the Parties abovesaid to their present Indentures have interchangeably set their Hands and Seals the Day and Year first above written.

Signed Sealed and delivered (being first duly stamped) John Durham in the Presence of Geo: Brooks Edw. Ball

N.B. John Raylton is Administrator in Trust for the late George Dixon.

I the within named John Raylton do hereby acknowledge and declare that the within written Lease was had and taken in my Name as a Trustee only and for the Benefit of the personal Representatives of George Dixon late of Cockfield in the County of Durham deceased and that I will at any time hereafter upon Request and at their Charge assign the same to them as they shall direct.

Witness my Hand this Day of 1788

Witness

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“A True Rental of Grewburn and Lynesack Collieries for 7 Years from 1786 to and with 1792, by me George Wilkin, Miss Lodges Colliery Agent” £ In 1786…………………….Gross Rent…330 In 1787……………………. do; …330 In 1788……………………. do; …330 In 1789……………………. do; …430 In 1790……………………. do; …430 In 1791……………………. do; …450 In 1792……………………. do; …450 £2750

Deductions. £ For 7 Years Bishops Rent at £21 per Ann….…147 Spent in a Law Suit defending the}……………..300 Boundaries of the said Lease } Repairing an House belonging to the said}..….10 Collieries } 5 Years Agency at £50 per Annum……………….250 Outgoings deducted 707 Cockfield May 17th: 1793 7 Years neat Rent 2043 George Wilkin That is per Year – nearly 292

These Collieries are as below, viz: £ Butterknowl Mrs Longstaff 250 Coply Bent Mr Dixon 100 Craike Skar* Parkin & Hardy 100 450 9 [* or ‘Star’?]

If the above Rentals are accurate, the Matter will stand thus: £ Yearly Rental 450 Bishops Rent – deduct - 21 Neat annual Rental 429

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Copy of Rbt: Edingtons Report concerning Blackburn Colliery. ------Nov. 28: 1789.

Blackburn Colliery let to Sir Hen: Liddell and Nicholas Fenwick for 3 Lives dated 12th. July 1747; two Lives are dead, Mr Henry Atkinson of Newcastle upon Tyne 76 Years of Age come next May the surviving Life, tho a Man of good Health, who lives a Sober & regular Life.

This lies in the Parish of Chester in the County of Durham; boundered upon the Freehold Lands of Ravensworth on the East Part, on the Freehold Lands of Hedly on the West Part, on the Blackburn which divides the Parishes of Whickham and Chester on the North Part, extending to a small Runner of Water called the Tames on the South.

When the Colliery was wrought, was won by virtue of a Fire Engine erected in Ravensworth Grounds; it appears by several People living who wrought in the Colliery that all the Top Seams were wrought except about 40 Acres at the North West part, being at the Dip of their Engine could not be wrought for Water, in this 40 Acres remains the Huttons Seam 7 feet high, being the same Seam as the famous Tanfield Moor adjoining, about 7 ½ Fathoms below is the Main Coal 4 Feet high, and below the Main Coal throughout the whole Moor is the Whickham Stone Coal: It must be understood that no Part of this 40 Acres can be wrought without a Fire Engine, tho its said a small one would do, as her Lift will not exceed 30 Fathoms to the lowest Seam.

As to Wayleaves either to Wear or Tyne it is almost impossible to obtain without the Consent of Sir Henry Liddell and Prs. because they have all the Lands of Ravensworth on the East Side towards the Wear, and all the Manor of Whickham towds. the Tyne, the Lease of which said Manor has about 18 Years to go.

On the Renewal of any of the Collieries which Sir Hen: Liddell and Prs. now occupy under the Bishop, could a Clause be inserted agreed upon that the Bishop should in future have a Wayleave through the Manor of Whickham to the Tyne for all his own Collieries for paying them a certain annual Rent, might be an Object of Notice; because there is a more extensive Moor than this on the South of Blackburn, lying in between the Freehold Lands of Kibblesworth on the East Part, on the Freehold Lands of Beamish on the West Part, on the forementioned Runner of Water called the Teams on the North Part and Urpeth Burn on the South Part; no Coal has been wrought under this Part of the Common: Various are the Reports; most People suppose this last mentioned part of the Common to be the Bishops, others say it is Sir John Edens: However on the South Side of this Urpeth Bourn joins both Pelton Fell and Whitehall Common, two Collieries belonging to Your Lordship, now let to Mrs Montagu and others, which is wrought by General Lambton as Lessee to them, now by such a Power all those 4 Collieries could be carried upon one Way to the River Tyne.

The greatest Part of Whickham is Copyhold, except the Freehold, of Sir Hen: Liddell on the East, and the Freeholds of Gibside, Old Axwell, and some Few others on the West.

Down Sir H. Liddell and Prs. present Waggon Way to Dunston Staith is certainly the best, provided the Way Leaves through Sir H. Liddells Freehold, and the several Copyholds, could be obtained.

Another Way could with Ease be carried to Tyne through the Waste of Whickham Manor, excepting about a Mile through Old Axwell belonging to Sir Thomas Clavering to the River near Swalwell: The Length of Way from Blackburn Colliery by this Way would be about 3 Miles, to the other Common about 5 Miles, from Pelton Fell and White Hall Commons from 6 to 6 ½ Miles: I suppose the Way Leave Rent from each Colliery about £300 per Annum.

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Mr John Marley informs me that the Grand Allies pay to the Ravensworth Family £100 per Annum for the Liberty of Laying Waggon Ways and Leading Coals over Blackburn Fell.

He, also, says that the Misunderstanding relative to the Lease of Whickham Manor, arose from the Request of the Bishop to reserve a Liberty of Wayleave over the ancient Copyholds; which he conceives they (the Grand Allies) had no Right to grant.

He says the Coal now remaining under the Blackburn Fell is of small Value, and that the Seams under the South Part thereof are only, at this Time, fit for Oversea Trade.

Feb: 13: 1794.

Mr John Marley further told me that the Grand Allies paid Mr Coatsworth £19,000 for the Assignment of the Lease of Whickam Manor.

July 5: 1795.

Mem: On the falling in of the above Lease of Blackburn Fell, the same was granted to the Rev: Mr Burgess, in Trust for the Representatives of the Bishop. But on Sir Thomas Liddells declining to come forward as a Tenant (on the Agreement for Dividing Blackburn Fell) Sir John Eden renewed the Lease on the former Terms and Conditions for a Fine of £300.

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An Acct. of Coals led from Lanchester Common Colliery, in the several Years below, and from Decr. 31, to and with Decr. 31; in every Year.

Years Led by Lord Bute Led by Grand Total Remarks & Prs. Owners Tens. Wag. Tens. Wag. Tens. Wag. 1792 1789 15 702 15 2492 8 Under a Regulation 3 1932 8 895 13 2827 21 Ditto 4 1834 7 761 13 2595 20 Ditto 5 1737 6 696 7 2433 13 Open Trade 6 1888 0 755 17 2643 17 Ditto to Augst 3d; then under Reg. 7 1606 11 524 2 2130 13 Under a Regulation 8 1299 3 515 7 1814 10 Under a Ditto 9 1377 7 395 -- 1772 7 Under a Ditto 1800 1781 21 533 21 2315 20 Open Trade 1 1746 11 376 7 2122 18 Ditto

Coals wrot. by Outstrokes from this Colliery in 1795. Tens Bolls Into Bushblades……………269 31 Into Beamish………………….45 11 Wags

Coals wrought. by Outstrokes from the same in 1796.

Into Bushblades to June } Tens Bolls 21st,when laid off by Water} 153 246

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Statement of the Rents recd: by the Earl of Sefton from Lanchester Collieries, viz:

In 1793 Tens Wag. at per £ s d £ s d Lords Bute, Beauchamp & Mr Simpson 1932 8 16/- 1545 17 9¾ The Grand Owners 895 13 15/- 671 13 10¼ John Silvertop Esqr: Land sales ------76 5 0 2293 16 8 in 1794 Lords Bute, Beauchamp & Mr Simpson 1834 7 16/- 1467 9 1 The Grand Allies 761 13 15/- 571 3 10½ Sundries as above ------76 5 0 2114 17 11½

In 1795 Lords Bute, Beauchamp & Mr Simpson 1737 6 16/0 1389 16 4¼ The Grand Allies 696 7 15/0 522 19 9¼ Sundries as above ------76 5 0 1989 1 1½

In 1796 Marquises of Bute and Hertford} 1888 0 & John Simpson Esqr. } The Grand Allies 755 17 Sundries as before stated ------Consumed by the Machines at} 1 37 --- Pontop Pike Colliery } 50

In 1797 The Marquises of Bute and Partners 1606 11 The Grand Allies 524 2 Sundries as before stated Consumed by Pontop Pike Machines 32 ---

See Page 49!

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Applications to Mr: Castles 17 Nov: 1783 – Lease of Charlaw Colliery to Mr Biss Term 21 Years Rent 13s/4d

1. Mr Taylor applies to renew the above Lease

The following is an Account of the different Years Produce, which I have seen in Mr Taylor’s Books of Account kept with and examined by the other Executors under Mr Halheads’ Will, who are Partners with Mr Biss, and signed by the Tenant Simon Smith, vizt:

Mr Taylor’s entry is as follows,

“6th Septr: 1788:--- Received of the Representatives of the late Mr John Smith of Witton ) “Gilbert for 578 Scores 15 Corves wrought out of the Coal Mines of Charlaw between the } “1st Day of January 1787, and the 1st Day of January 1788:-- They having in due Time } “given Notice of their Intention to give up the Lease of the Colliery agreeable to a } 12 “Clause therein on Account of the Mines of Elvet and Keepier being opened, which } £ s d “had reduced the Sale at Charlaw, unless they might be allowed to keep the Mine open } 9 12 11 “and the Things about the Pits as they then were and to pay for the Quantity wrought: } “And at a Meeting for the Purpose, Mr Biss, Mr Mowbray, and Mr Taylor present, } “it was thought expedient to accept the Plan offered for the Chance of Elvet or } “Keepier Mines failing or the Demand coming again to Charlaw.” }

The following is an Account of the Produce of the subsequent Years, taken from the Tenants Accounts as settled with Mr Taylor, which I have also seen. £ s d The Year ending the 1st of January 1788______9 12 11 The two Years ending do 1790______24 10 3 The Year ending do 1791______7 11 11 do do 1792______10 10 3½ do do 1793______12 7 1 do do 1794______14 2 0 do do 1795______12 4 8¾ £90 19 2¼ The Produce for the last 8 Years, being since the last Alteration agreed upon Divided by 8) £90 19 2¼ £11 7 4¾

By noting the above it will appear that whilst Elvet Colliery was declining, the above improved. Elvet Colliery is now beginning to work again.

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2. Also applies to renew a Lease dated 8th Decr: 1778 of Framwellgate, Brasside, and Frankland Collieries, to Mr Halheads Executors – Term 21 Years, Rent 13s/4d, and after working 30 Fothers of Coal £4 per Annum.

Mr Taylor’s Observations.

They have been paying 13s/4d, and the additional Rent of £4 after it came to profit.

Frankland came to some Profits, or at least, was let for £25 p. Ann:-- very little Profit arose:-- The Tenants soon gave it up, and for 16 Years past has given Nothing; tho’ Lessees have continued the additional Rent of £4 as well as the 13s/4d.

The Prospect of any profit is still lessened, by a new Tack of Elvet and other neighbouring Collieries; --- and a new Engine is now erecting for Elvet.

3. Mr Taylor also applies to renew the Lease of the 30th April 1781, of Waste Ground at Sunderland to the late Mr Halhead: Last Renewal………………without Fine. Fees……………………………£2..18..6. Term…………………………..21 Years Rent…………………………….2s/6d. No profit has been made or is likely to be made:-- It is supposed Mr Halhead engaged in this to preserve the Rights of the See.

4. Also applies to renew to Mr Stonhewer and Mr Taylor as Executors; -- the Lease of 3d. of May 1783, to Messrs Rudd and Wilkinson of Quarries of Limestone in the Township of Middridge and Middridge Moor. Term…………………………..21 Years 13 Rent…………………………….2s/6d.

Mr Taylor’s Observations

No Profits for eight Years past: ---- The Quarry now let with a Farm-House, &c. and Land, containing 32 Acres, to George Lamb at £28 p. Annum, for the whole: -- The Quarry worth about £2 per Annum.

Next follows the Estimates and Report!

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Coxhoe Colliery June 29: 1797 ______

Depth of Five Quarters’ Coal in Working Pit…….11½ Fathoms

Section of Five Quarters’ Coal Ft In Top Coal….good..3 5 Splint for Lime Kilns………..--- 4 3 9 Bad Covve [Cowe? Covere?] and Scaire Bands in the Seam.

The Main Coal lies 9 Fa: below the Five Quarters. Section of the Main Coal Ft In Top Coal, uncertain in thickness…1 0 Band…………………………………..……..--- 4 Bottom Coal……………………………….3 1 4 5

The Bords run North and South nearly. Depth of Engine Pit to the Main Coal…..21 Fa: Fa F A Downcast of 4 2 to the East, at 160 Yards from the Pit of the Engine. The same Dyke 232 Links East from the present Working Pit. Very little Water in the Five Quarters’ Seam: Many large Day Falls admitting much Water. Winnings 5 Yards: ---- Bord 3 and Pillar 2 yards.

See Pages 28, 29, 30.

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Bedlington Coal Mines under Lease to Sir M: W: Ridley Bart:

______

The Idea under which I stated a Fine, for the above, was, that a new Colliery there might vend 700 Tens of Coals: £ Then 700 Tens, Colliery Rent, only…..at 10s/0d p….……….350 Way-Leave to and Staith Room on Blyth River………..……100 Total...450

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Bedlington

Copy of Mr Mowbray’s Report made to his Lordship…1795.

“Bedlington Parish (or Bedlington shire) contains by Estimation and Survey 7328 Acres 3 Roods 5 Perches of which there lies A r p In the Township of Camboes…………….…..700 0 0 ---Do--- of East Sleekburn….…………….…….600 0 0 ---Do--- of West Sleekburn…………….………900 0 0 ---Do--- of Netherton………….………..….….1000 0 0 ---Do--- of Bedlington…..…….……………....3000 0 0 ---Do--- of Choppington, by Survey…...…1128 3 5 7328 3 5

“Camboes is said to be Freehold the property of Sr M. W. Ridley and others; East Sleekburn, Freehold, the property of Mr Justice Watson, Sir James Riddell and others; West Sleekburn Freehold, and Leasehold the Property of Sir James Riddell and others; Choppington Leasehold; Netherton Freehold; and Bedlington Leasehold Freehold and Copyhold.

“I am informed Vessels may load (neap Tides) at the Staith marked a of 35 Tons Burthen, and at Mr Justice Watson’s Quay marked B of 150 Tons Burthen & at Blyth Nook Staith marked C (which it is said was built and used by Gatty and Waller, Lessees under the Bishop, for loading Vessels of large Burthen) of 500 Tons Burthen, and at Marsh House Quay (on the River Wansbeck) of 100 Tons Burthen.

“In a Conversation with Lord Carlisle’s Viewer, he thought the Water at the Wharf or Quay at a would not admit ships of sufficient Burthen, but, it is likely, if Mr Watson will not allow a Waggon Way to be laid through his Estate to the Quay at B, that a Staith may be erected in Sir James Riddell’s Freehold at D to answer pretty near the same Purpose.

“It appears, very clear, that no Part of the Coal under Netherton Freehold and Bedlington Freehold and Copyhold Grounds can be taken to the River without Passing over the Leasehold.

“There is a large Tract of Country to the South and West of Netherton (within the County of Northumberland) which is said to contain Coal; and most likely

NEIMME-Bud-20-p22 likely when these Mines are opened, will be brought to the same Staith and market.

“The Township of East Sleekburn it is said was divided about 40 Years since; the whole of it then belonged to five proprietors, who all consented to a Division of the Lands: And, it is also said, that whenever the Coal is was worked the profits arising therefrom were to be divided amongst the Owners of the Grounds in certain stipulated Proportions, which were also fixed.

“If I am rightly informed as to the Tenure I cannot see what the Bishop of Durham, as Lord of the Manor of Bedlington, has to do with the Division.

“It appears, that the Grounds and Coal-Mines, within the Township of Choppington are held by Lease for Lives; the Bishop of Durham to John Gurney Esqr: Tons Cw qrs “N.B. A Newcastle Chaldron of Coals weighs 21 4 0; and one Newcastle Chaldron is nearly two London Chaldrons. Arthur Mowbray 15 Sherburn 29th July 1795

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Having perused A Report Mr Mowbrays Report of the 29th July 1795, relative to Bedlington Shire, I find the Information on which he has founded that Report corresponds so exactly with mine derived from other Sources, that very little, indeed, remains, for me to add: However that little follows,

1. In Regard to the place marked B on Mr Mowbray’s Plan (accompanying his Report) at the lower Corner of a Part of Sir James Riddells Freehd: adjoining the River, I am informed, by People that who have taken the Soundings that a very deep Part of the River, called Cowpen Pool lies directly in Front of it; and where, from a Proper Coal-Stage Keels might be loaded even at Low Water, a Circumstance of the utmost Importance in the Expediting the Loading of Vessels, as Dispatch, is the Primum mobile of in Vending Coals.

2. The Staith formerly occupied on the Leasehold by Gatty and Waller and afterwards for a short Time by Sir Matthew R. has very shoal [diminution of ‘shallow’?] water in Front; and of Course, is liable to be froze up both at very early and late Periods of Winter; and liable to equal great Inconvenience from the Droughts of Summer.

3. I have well weighed the relative Situations of Sir James Riddells Freehold and his Lordships Leaseholds; and from the very extensive Command which the Purchase of these Freeholds thereof would give to his Lordship for over the future Coal Trade on this Line of River, which I do not hesitate to say will, on the Decline of the Collieries between Newcastle and Tynemouth, be transferred thither to Blythe on a pretty very large scale, do recommend the Purchase thereof to his Lordship, provided it can be made on fair and equitable Terms.

4th. In Copy his Ls. Copyholds which are held, time immemorial, by the Custom of the Manor, and but not according to the Will of the Lord, I conceive that no novel Reservations can be insisted on by his Lordship; but under Leases for Years I presume as that the Relation between Landlord & Tenant stands on the clearest Grounds, if this Idea be Law, I scarcely need to

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hint at the absolute Necessity of his Lordship reserving the Right of Using or Granting Way Leaves from any Colliery on the septennial or other Renewals of the Bedlington Leases; as such Reservations would enable the Bishops of Durham to make this Tract of Country flourish [illegible crossed-out word] (at no very remote Period) by and extensive Opening and Working of all the Coal-mines within the Reach of the North Side of the River Blythe which, now under such Leases, as at present exist can never cannot be effected.

5th. After Such Recommendation of attempting this Purchase, I hope to be excused in Recommending a proper Survey and Soundings of the this River Blythe to be made next Spring; and that every Thing relative to his Lp. Rights in this Shire may be drawn as well from the Records and Registers, as from modern Information, and properly digested and arranged for his Lds Information Perusal: --- But all this with our Submission.

P.S. Sr. M. R. seems to lay some Stress on the Commd. which his Leases give him over the North Side of the River.

6th. As to the Coal Seams of Coal under Sr. James’s Freehold; ---- Bedlington has been already in Work on the one Hand and Coopen [sic] is opened on the other; therefore we may presume on Coal in the intermediate Space: --- If his Lsp. purchases, the propriety of making a Boring, will then be an Object of Consideration --- An upper Seam, now under Lease, is, I am nearly informed nearly exhausted.

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[Pencil-drawn plan of Bedlingtonshire showing townships, collieries, rivers, roads and waggonways, NE)

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16 [Pencil-drawn plan of Bedlingtonshire showing townships, collieries, rivers, roads and waggonways, N)

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[Pencil-drawn plan of Bedlingtonshire showing townships, collieries, rivers, roads and waggonways, S)

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[Pencil-drawn plan of Bedlingtonshire, showing townships, collieries, rivers, roads and waggonways, SE)

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Whickham Manor

Rental for the Year 1791. £ s d £ s d

For Copyhold Rents within the Lines of Division – for Lands 36 16 5 For Ditto without the Lines of Division 1 8 4 38 4 9 Land and Cottage Rents &c. &c.

Rent of Midgham and Maddison’s Meadows 35 - - A Water Mill at Swalwell 8 - - Cottages at Dunston 4 17 2 Small Rents (communibus Annis) about 2 - - Stone Quarry 7 - - Bank Leave at Swalwell 2 - - Licence to win Stones - 5 - Licence to cut Wood (Valve) - 14 - 59 16 2 Way-Leaves, received.

From Marley-hill and Tanfield Moor, a Years Staith Room & Ongait 274 12 1¾ From Sir Hen. Geo. Riddell Bart: and Prs: viz: Tens W £ s d From South Moor 926 9 at 2s/6d 115 16 0¾ ----- Low Moor 311 9 at do 38 18 6¾ ----- Eighton Moor 415 11 at do 51 18 9 206 13 3½ 481 5 5¼ £579 6 4¼ Out of which deduct.

Annual Rent paid to the Bishop of Durham and Acquittances 117 16 8 Bailiff’s Salary 2 - - Land Tax 7 1 - Poor Cess 31 5 - Church Cess 1 3 4 159 6 - Remains Net £420 0 4¼ See next Page.

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Whickham Manor 17

Rental for 1792. £ s d £ s d

Land Rents, as per last Page 38 4 9 Land and Colliery Rents, viz Rents on Last Page, exclusive of Wood Licence 59 2 2 A Landsale Rent, to be added 5 - - 64 2 2 Way-Leave Rents received, viz: Marley Hill and Tanfield Moor 274 15 6½ Grand Allies 200 11 11 475 7 5¼ [Fractions of a penny are as in the original, and don’t add up] 577 14 4½

Deductions. Sundries, as per last Page 159 6 - Modus for Midgham and Maddison’s Meadows - 9 4 159 15 4 Remains neat £417 19 0½ ______

Rental for 1793.

Land Rents, as per last Page 38 4 9 Standing Rents exclusive of Licences for Quarries and Cutting Wood 58 17 2 A Licence to Win Stones 2 6 A Landsale Colliery Rent 5 - - 63 19 8 Way-Leave Rents recd: viz: from Marley-hill & Tanfield Moor 280 12 7¼ The Grand Allies 217 19 5 498 12 0¼ £600 16 5¼ Deductions as above, adding 2d for Stamp on Rect: 159 15 6 Remains neat £441 0 11¼

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Whickham Manor

Rental for 1794. £ s d £ s d

Land Rents, as usual 38 4 9 Standing Rents [as?] in 1793, with 5sh. for Winning Stones additional 64 4 8 Way-Leave Rents, viz: Marley-hill and Tanfield Moor 272 2 7¼ The Grand Allies 173 6 9¾ 445 9 5 £547 18 10 Deductions as above, as in 1793 159 15 6 Remains neat £338 3 4 ______

Rental for 1795

Land Rents, as before 38 4 9 Standing Rents, with 2s 6d more for Licence to win Stones 64 7 2 Way-Leave Rents, viz: Marley-hill and Tanfield Moor 240 16 0

18 The Grand Allies 137 5 9½ 378 1 9½ £480 13 8½ Deductions, as in 1793, with 6d more Duty on Receipts 159 16 - Remains neat £320 17 8½ ______

Mem: The Grand Allies, the Lessees of this Manor, having been in the Habit of Renewing every year, for £100 Fine; here follows the Estimate, viz: £ s d Neat recd: in 1791 420 0 4¼ Ditto in 1792 417 19 0½ Ditto in 1793 441 0 11¼ Ditto in 1794 388 3 4 Ditto in 1795 320 17 8½ £1988 1 4½ The Average on 5 Years 397 12 3¼ Turn over! NEIMME-Bud-20-p26

Whickham Manor

£ s d

The average neat Receivings for 5 Years, from last Page, 397 12 3¼ If no Allowance is made for Bailiff, and Taxes, then add 41 9 4 Neat annual Rent…………………….£439 1 7¼

Years Qs Mon. Now, by the 10 p.Cent. Tables, a Lease for 21 Years is worth 8 2 1.7 A reversionary Interest or Term of 20 Years, is worth 8 2 0.1 The Worth of adding 1 Year to a Reversion of 20 Years 0 0 1.6

Then the Value of Renewing or rather adding 1 Year to a Term of 20 Years, is £58.10s.10½d

N.B. The Grand Allies last Lease bears Date Oct. 26th: 1790.

This Lease has been regularly renewed every Year under the Fine of £100. Till the Year 1790; when a Difference happening between the Parties they did not renew till 1797.

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Birtley Common Colliery

The Grand Allies, Lessees.

Estimate for Renewal from May: 1796 Tens The average annual Vend to Wear, supposed 900 Consumption by Machines & Landsale, -do- 25 The annual Vend from Eighton Moor to Tyne 320 Consumed by the Machines, &c 8 £ s d Total, being of the inferior Seams, only 1253 at 16s/0d p: …………1002 8 0 Deduct the certain annual Rent 5 0 0 Remains 1 Years clear Rent £997 8 0 To which add, One-Fourth 249 7 0

19 Total being the Fine £1246 15 0

Mem: April 1: 1797. Mr Mowbray and Self being authorised by his Lordship to settle this Business with the Grand Allies, agreed with them for the Sum of 1000 Guineas as a Fine: ---- The Abatement was made on Account of the bad state of the Coal Trade, and none but the inferior Seams left to be wrought in the Colliery.

The Business of Whickham Manor (see last Page) was likewise settled at the old Fine of £100 paid annually. £. Fine for the Birtley Common 1050 6 Years Fine for the Whickham, due Oct: 26: 1796, 600 £1650

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Coxhow Colliery ---July 1: 1797---

Application having been made for Renewal, the following was delivered on the Part of the Lessee for Quarrington Leasehold.

“State of the Colliery.

“The annual Vend for Coals, since the two last Renewals, has been a great Deal less, owing to the adjoining Colliery of Mr Hoppers; and in all probability will continue to decrease, as there is a Land Sale Colliery opened at Pittington and one opening at Thornley, which, if they succeed will cut off full half of our Vend: And those People at Bishop Auckland are now working the Main Coal, all which, from their Situations, will, necessarily, greatly interfere with us.”

“Besides, this Upper Seam of ours will not continue working above 6 Months, (after which the Exrs of the late John Burdon must go back into Coxhow) if the Winning of Thornley should succeed; and to go down to the Main Coal, under the present Working Seam would be attended with a heavy Expence as the Fire Engine must be constantly kept continually going in Order to drain the Water at that Seam. A Charge that, I think, the Colliery cannot support from the Appearance of a Decrease of Vend: Under the Circumstances the Exors hope his Lordship will moderate the Fine.” “N.B Wilson who first leased this Colliery, would not renew it; and Bishop Chaloner thought it of so little Value that he made a Present of it, unasked, to Mr Spearman of Bishop Middleham without any Fine.”

“Query whether the Mine will last the Years the present Lease has to go or not”?

“It was the late John Burdon Esq: Winning Coxhow Colliery that this was opened, or otherwise it would never have been wrought; a Consideration, which, I think should induce his Lordship to lessen the Fine.”

“Jonathan Walton Junr: Agent to the Exors of the late John Burdon of Hardwick, Esqr:”

Coxhow, May 5: 1797.

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Coxhow Colliery (continued.---)

The following Estimate was put into my Hands by Mr Mowbray.

“The Workings are 12 Scores per Day, of 11 peck Corves.

20 “Therefore say,” £ s d Means Selling! “Working 3756 Scores per Year……….at 6s/8d p. 1252 0 0

“Expence per Score £ s d Hewing…….……….-- 2 1 Putting….………….-- 1 -- Banking………...….-- -- 4 Drawing……..…….-- -- 3 Deals and Props..-- -- 4 3756 Scores at….-- 4 0 p; 751 4 0

Sinking Pits p. Ann..40 0 0 Engines…………………50 0 0 Binding Money……..40 0 0 Allow for Vestiges and } other unforeseen Expences} 50 0 0 Risque and Profit 100 0 0 280 0 0 £1031 4 0 Neat Annual Rent……..…………220 16 0 £1252 0 0 Allow for Gins………………………..20 0 0 Makes the neat Rent…………...200 16 0

See my Estimate on next Page!

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Coxhow Colliery Augt: 19: 1797---

Report relative to a Part of Coxhow Colliery, now in Work, near Quarrington, under Lease from the Lord Bishop of Durham to the Representatives of the late John Burdon Esqr;

Having viewed and duly considered the State of this Colliery, as founded on the Sketch of the Premisses put into my hands by Mr Mowbray, the Boring Notes produced by the Lessees’ Agents; and some other Information and Documents having relation thereto; I am of Opinion,

That a new Winning of this Colliery is now become necessary: But as such Winnings are attended with very considerable Expence, owing to the advanced Wages of Workmen, and the, hitherto, unexampled high Prices of every Denomination of Materials used for that Purpose; I take the Liberty of recommending it to his Lordship to state the Fine according to a Rent of £60 per Annum only: But on this express Condition that an effectual Winning and Opening of this Colliery to the Main Coal Seam be made and completed by the Lessees within the first four Years of the new Term to be granted them; the Plan for establishing such Winning to be fixed on by two competent Persons; one to be chosen on Behalf of his Lordship, and the other on the Part of the Lessees; and that the same be done and executed in an effectual, permanent, and workmanlike Manner to the full Satisfaction of his Lordship or his Successors: Also to have a proper Warren or Barrier of Coal surrounding the Premisses, and not to make any Outstrokes, Drifts, &c. &c. through the same: with other the usual Covenants, &c. &c: contained in modern Colliery Leases to be inserted in the new Lease.

J. B.

N.B. The Last Renewal was on a Fine of £50.

NEIMME-Bud-20-p31 21 Pelton Fell January 22d: 1797.

“Remarks made on the Flatts Colliery, on the Plan of the Lease for Lives and Lease for Years; and other Estates adjoining: ---- by Mrs Montagues Agents.

1st Remark on the Part of Urpeth Estate which bounders Flatts or Pelton Common on the North.

The Grand Allies took the Coal in this Estate, and having one Year allowed to make Trials, after making Borings to the Hutton’s and Low-main Seams, they were reported tender: They likewise drifted in the upper Seams. These Trials not proving satisfactory, they gave up the Lease.

2nd Beamish Colliery, which bounders on the North-West:

Mr Davison erected an Engine, and won the Hutton’s and Low-main Seams; and drifted in both seams some hundred Yards, in order to prove the Coal: After being at a great Expence were found not in the best Perfection, therefore desisted from Working either of these Seams, and wrought the upper Seams by a free Water-course. But query! – J Buddle

3rd Edmondsly Fell is boundered on the East by Mr Joliffe’s Colliery which is wrought in the Five Quarter and Main Coal Seams; they were not esteemed reputable Coals: --- Likewise bored on the South and North Extremities of Mr Joliffes Boundary to the Hutton’s and Low-main Seams, which were reported tender.

4th Chester West Moor: Mr Shaftoe and Prs drifted from the 14th Stappel in Flatts Colliery 500 Yards in Main Coal Seam towards the Center of the said Moor; then attempted to sink, but prevented by Quicksand at the depth of 8 Fathoms, yet, with great Difficulty, bored on the said Drift, Depth 24 Faths: here the Coal is bad, having little Cover being 19 Fa. 1 Foot from the Surface to the Stone-head.

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NB. There is not any Notice taken of the Coal under Chester South Moor; nor ever heard of any Trials being yet made from the above Bore-hole on the South Extremity of Waldridge near the Road which leads from Joliffe’s Pits to Durham: The Five Quarter Coal is out there, and the Main Coal lies only 6 Faths below the Surface.

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Manor of Gatehead.

Land Rental for the Year ending Michaelmas 1796.

£ s d Mrs Henrietta Ellison 26 4 -- Dr Prosser 6 -- -- Thomas Moses 14 -- -- Thomas Taylor 6 6 -- John MacLeod 6 6 -- Thomas Richardson 21 6 -- T E Headlam 10 14 -- Widow Blenkinsop 80 3 -- Thos Taylor and Co 33 12 -- Eliz. Forster 7 8 -- Messrs Surtees and Brown 8 8 -- James Easton 276 18 -- Aubone Surtees Esq: 52 3 -- John Warburton’s Representatives 78 -- -- Samuel Jopling 123 3 --

22 Thos. Sill 60 -- -- John Robson 95 -- -- Thomas Hervey 12 12 -- John Summers 16 15 -- Hen. Askew Esqr: Represents. 2 10 -- Richd Bell Esqr: 2 10 -- John Bott 8 8 -- William Hawks & Co 44 16 6 Carried to Pa: 35 £993 2 6

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Manor of Gateshead

Rental of Contingencies due Martins: 1796. £ s d The Exors of Hen: Ellison Esqr: for two Rooms 2 -- -- Charles Headlam’s Widow for an old house 6 6 -- Thomas Hervey a Landing by the Shoar 5 10 -- T E Headlam, Do 10 -- -- Willm. Hawks and Co an old house 6 4 -- Lessees of Gateshead Park Colliery. £ s d Certain Rent 250 0 0 Surplus Leadings 255 15 9 508 15 9 Ditto for Staith and 3 Keel Births 14 2 -- Lessees of Gateshead Fell or Sheriff Hill Colly: £ s d Certain Rent 400 0 0 Surplus Leadings 406 11 11¾ Fire Coal reserved 7 10 0 Staith and house 12 -- -- 826 1 11¾ Sir Thomas Liddell and Partrs: a Colliery 60 -- -- Jonn: Sorsbie – Grindstone Quarries 60 -- -- John Barnes – A Quarry 5 -- -- Messrs: Donkin’s, a Landing 1 -- -- Widow Scarbrough, Standage of an Oven -- 1 -- Cottage Rents and Acreages and other small } Contingencies added thereto } 30 8 5 Messrs: Jackson, a Pottery, Windmill and Liberty } For Digging Clay } 10 10 -- Carried up £1545 19 1¾

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Manor of Gateshead

£ s d Brought up £1545 19 1¾ Samuel Jopling Stock Yard and old House 5 7 -- John Warburton’s Repres: Acknowledgemt: for Digging Clay -- 2 6 £ s d Willm: Daglish for upper Part of Toll Booth 2 2 0 Thos: Richardson, for lower Part (Quitted last May) 1 1 0 3 3 -- Hen: Askew Esqr: Reps: Liberty to Water Side -- 2 6 23 Richd: Bell Esqr: ditto -- 2 6 Ann Lawson, a Room 1 -- -- Lessees of Gateshead Fell or Sheriff Hill Colly: George Mills a small Slip of Ground -- 1 -- Thomas Taylor a Landing 1 1 -- Messrs: Longridge and Surtees a Fishery 20 -- -- Charles Brandling Esqr: a Water Course through Gateshead Park } & Rent by Tentale } 286 14 2 John Charlton a Quarry on Gateshead Fell 6 6 -- £1869 18 9¾

Contingencies due Michs: 1796 £ s d Messrs: Mills & Trotter, Standage of a Mill 3 0 0 Mr Thos: Harvey, a House & Staith 16 16 0 George Mills – Stints in Gateshead Fields 4 10 0 Messrs: Landell & Chambers, Steel Furnace 12 0 0 Charles Charlton, part of a Staith 5 5 0 41 11 -- Amount of Land Rental, from Pa: 33. 993 2 6 Total £2904 12 3¾

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Renewals applied for. 1797.

1st: Lease, Dated 10th Nov: 1790

To General Lambton “Of the Coalmines of Findon Hill, Harbour Moor, &c for 21 Years from the Date thereof – Rent £1 p Ann.

2nd : Lease of the same Date.

To General Lambton of the Coalmines of Plausworth under the Copyholds for 21 Years – Rent £1 p Annum.

I recommend the above, being dormant, or rather unopened and unexplored Collieries, and not to be of Use for half a Century of Years to come, to be renewed at the former Fine of £60.

3rd Lease of the same Date as above. £ s d To General Lambton of the Coalmines of Urpeth Commons or Moor for 21 Years – Rent 1 6 8 for each Pit.

Finding that this Colliery could not continue in Work in the Five Quarter and Brass-Thill (Main Coal) Seams, more than two Years to come, and that the Lambtons meant to win the lower Seams, which from every Account would prove tender; I stated the certain annual Rent, as follows. viz: £ Supposed to work, after being won 600 Tens at 15s/0d p. 450

4th Lease of same Date as above,

To General Lambton of Way Leaves over the Wastes in the parish of Chester for 21 Years: Rent 2s/6d p. Annum. This being an Easment to No. 3. was recommended to be let as before.

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NB. The following was copied from the Bishop’s Notitia.

24 “Beginning at the South of Blackbourn Water which runs from Saggers to heugh and so eastward in Chester Dean, and from the said Blackbourn Water northward to a Water that runs eastward forth of Beamish park through Pockerly Field, so down to a Gill or Dean on the North Side of Urpeth Toun (called the Urpeth Bourn) to an hedge or Dyke that divides the Common there belonging to the Bishop and the Summer Pasture of the Town: And all Coalmines within Chester South Moor in the Manor of Chester abutting on Plausworth Ground on the South and the Water from Chester Dean on the North: And all the Coalmines within the Copyhold Lands (not in Lease) between Plausworth and Urpeth Dean”

The above, very extensive Tracts are leased to General Lambton, viz: a Part thereof under Lease for Lives and the other for Years: Accurate Descriptions of the Boundaries were made in 1751; when it is supposed the line of Boundy. Stones was fixed: -- But see more on Pa:

The Lease for Lives in the property of Mrs Montague, as Tent: in chief. Robert Shafto of Binwell, one of the Lives is dead. Sir Ra: Milbanke is very old.

I recommend to his Lordship to renew the Lease of the Coalmines under Urpeth Common, on the following Estimates, (No. 3 last Page).

£ s d Supposed the Annual Leadings 600 Tens at 15s/0d p. 450 0 0 Add ¼ the more 112 10 0 (Complied with) Fine £562 10 0

N.B. The Main and Five Quarter Coal Seams being within two Years of being wrought out, the Lessees propose to win the Lower Seams.

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Renewals applied for 1797.

1st: Lease dated 15th. May 1790.

To George Brooks Esq: of Coalmines at Blackboy, &c. Term 21 Years. £ s d Rent 3 13 4 p. Ann: Last Renewal for 7 Years £125.

Mr. Brooks lets this Colliery to Mr. Foster for £140 per Annum: But as his Rent is ill paid, it is recommended to renew on the old Terms.

2d: Lease dated 1st. April 1790

To George Brooks Esqr: of Coalmines at Whitburn for a Term of 21 Years. Renewed last Time for 4½ Years for £32.3s.6d Rent £1. Mr Brooks complains of having expended £3000 in Borings, &c. – recommended to be renewed on the old Terms.

Lease dated March 1: 1790.

To Henry Wilkinson Esqr: of Coalmines at Whitburn and Bowdon. Term 21 Years: Rent £1 p Ann. Renewed last Time for 5 years 6 ms for £39.6s.0d.

Being doubtful Matters; recommended to be renewed on the old Terms.

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Renewals applied for 1798. 25

Sir John Eden’s Way-leave over Pelton Fell. Rent £10 p Ann. Last Renewal in 1781 for 15 Years 1 Month: Fine 10 Guins:

As Sir John Eden is so heavily burthened with Wayleaves already, and his Colliery can yield him but little Profit, I recommended his Renewal on the former Fine, &c. --- settled accordingly! –

Miss Jane Simpson of Bradley for the Coal under the Copyhold at Tanfield Lieth.

Information obtained.

I was shewn a Plan done in the Year 1715 for Gilbt: Spearman the then Owner, by Willm: Cuthbertson, Land Surveyor; the Copy-hold Lands were marked thereon by the letter C in Black- Lead; which I extracted, as folls:

A r p B – North Whitley 105 3 12 C – Middle Whitley 63 2 14 D – Ewe Close 13 3 7 E – Jolly’s Green 2 -- -- F – Hedly’s Meadows 10 3 30 G – Jolly’s Ditto 12 3 10 Total 208 3 33 Mems: In the Copyhold: From Low Corner of Engine Field to where a small Runner enters Team out of Shield Row. Ground 55 Poles: From the Engine to the same Runner 90 Poles: From Engine eastward to a Dyke 40 Poles. This Dyke is stated on the Plan to be an Upcast of 20 fathoms to S. W. In the lease there is Liberty of Outstroke into any of the Bishop’s Collieries. For Instructions and Report, see Page 45.

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Bedlington Shire

The Bishop having purchased some Property in the Township of East Sleekburn belonging to Sir James Riddel Bart: which adjoins the River Blythe; it was thought expedient to make a Boring there in Order to ascertain the Depth to such Seams of Coal as might be met with: -- And the Charge of making such Boring follows, viz:

Messrs: Marshall’s Note for Timber, &c. £ s d £ s d 1798 Tat [?] Ap: 18 4 Uffers [Uppers?] 28½ at 16d p; 1 18 0 9 Battens 6 at 5d p; -- 3 9 4 Deals 12 Feets at 20d p; -- 6 8 23 78 Feet of Scantling at 1½d p; -- 9 9 40 Deals Length 12 F. 1 In at 17d p; 2 16 8 2 Ditto Do. 2½ & Sawg.: -- 7 5 1 Norway Log 6 Feet at 16d p; -- 8 -- 25 50 Norway Battens 6 Feets at 5d p; 1 -- 10 1 Deal 12 Feet 3 In. & Sawing -- 5 6 May 8 1 Norway Balk 13 Feet at 16d p. -- 17 4 8 13 11

Edwd: Charlton for Nails

Apr 19 To 100 Double Tacks -- 1 6 To 100 Single Ditto -- -- 10 26 24 To 6 lbs Single Ditto at 4½d p. -- 2 3 27 To 100 Sixpenny -- -- 6 To 100 Fourpenny -- -- 4 -- 5 5 Carried forward £8 19 4

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John Robinson - Smithwork Ap: 2 2 hoops, 2 gudgeons for Jack} Rolls – Wt. 35½ lb. at 5½d p. } -- 16 -- 9 8 hoops 4s 0d – Codds 4s 6d -- 8 6 14 1 Swivel 5 lb. at 5½d -- 2 3½ Cutting a hoop -- -- 2 18 2 Bolts 8½ lb. Stays 8 lb at 5½d -- 7 6½ 1 Bolt 8 lb. Crooks & hinges 4½ lb. -- 5 8 1 hoop and 2 Stappels -- -- 6 2 0 8

Stephen Robinson, Wright 11 Days Work at 2s 6d 1 7 6 13 lb. Lead at 2d p. -- 2 2 1 9 8

William Glegson – Carriage ------17 --

Stephen Robinson, Wright Timber for Roll Arms, handles and } Arch-head for Brake } -- 3 6 6 lb. Tallow – 1 Quart of Oil -- 3 10 1 Foth: Coals, Leading & Loosing -- 4 6 Carriage of Deals, from Blythe -- 7 -- 22 Days Making, &c. Boxes 2 15 -- 3 13 10

Carrd: forwd: to Pa: 43 £17 0 6

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Bedlington-Shire

The Boring Charge paid to Mr Thos: Rawling. ------In 1798. £ s d £ s d At per s d To 5 Fathoms 5 0 1 5 -- 5 Fathoms 10 0 2 10 -- 5 Fathoms 15 0 3 15 -- 5 Fathoms 1 0 0 5 -- -- 5 Fathoms 1 5 0 6 5 -- 5 Fathoms 1 10 0 7 10 -- 5 Fathoms 1 15 0 8 15 -- 5 Fathoms 2 0 0 10 -- -- 5 Fathoms 2 5 0 11 5 -- 5 Fathoms 2 10 0 12 10 -- 5 Fathoms 2 15 0 13 15 -- 5 Fathoms 3 0 0 15 -- -- 60 97 10 0 27

The Hole proving foul, was roomed down 3¼ In. Diam: } and Boxes put in the Charge of which exclusive of Boxes, is} s d Rooming – 5 Fathoms at 5 5 1 7 1 5 10 10 2 14 2 5 16 3 4 1 3 5 1 1 8 5 8 4 4¼ 1 7 1 5 15 1 24¼ 19 5 11

Contingencies

4 Days Bringing up an Open Cast at 2s 0d p. -- 8 -- Fixing the Brake and Tagle-Legs -- 5 -- Travelling Expences -- 8 -- Carriage of Bore-Rods 1 -- -- Thos: Rawling’s Journey ------To Consideration for the Foulness of the Hole 10 -- --

12 1 -- Carried forward £128 16 11

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Sleekburn Boring --- compleated

£ s d £ s d Brot: forward from Pa: 45 ------17 0 6

Boring brought forward 128 16 11 Cleaning the Hole to the Bottom } after the Boxes were put in } 1 -- -- Sharping the Borers’ Tools 1 3 5 Grease and Candles -- 5 -- 131 5 4 Up to Decr: 31 Paid for Boring 60 Fathoms £148 5 10

1799 Prosecuted this Boring, viz: £ s d Jan. 12 55 Days Works at 2s/0d p. 5 10 0 11 Do. Rods at 3s/0d p. 1 13 -- 1 Do. Thos: Rawling -- 10 6 1 lb. Candles -- -- 9 7 14 3

Feb: 9 115 Days Works at 2s/0d p. 11 10 0 4 Do. Thos: Rawling} at 10s/6d p. } 2 2 -- 23 Do. Rods at 3s/0d p. 3 9 -- Carriage of Do: & Candles -- 1 10 17 2 10

March 9 113 Days at 2s/0d p. 11 6 0 4 Do. Thos: Rawling} at 10s/6d p. } 2 2 -- 25 Do. Rods at 3s/0d p. 3 15 -- Carriage of Do -- 3 -- 17 6 -- 28

Apr. 6 96 Days Works at 2s/0d 9 12 0 24 Do. Rods at 3s/0d 3 12 -- 4 Do. Rawling at 10s/6d 2 2 -- 15 6 --

May 4 Same as last Month, Carriage and Rods 1s/0d 15 7 -- Carried over 72 16 1 £148 5 10

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1799 £ s d £ s d Brought over 72 16 1 148 5 10 £ s d June 1 176 Days Works at 2s/0d p. 17 12 0 36 Do. Rods at 3s/0d p. 5 8 0 4 Do. Thos: Rawling} at 10s/6d p. } 2 2 0 25 2 --

29 132 Days at 2s/0d p. 13 4 0 11 Days at 2s/4d p. 1 5 8 24 Do. Rods at 3s/0d p. 3 12 0 4 Rawling at 10s/6d p. 2 2 0 Carriage of Rods -- 3 6 20 7 2

July 27 144 Days Works at 2s/0d p. 14 8 0 24 Do. Rods at 3s/0d p. 3 12 0 4 Do. Thos: Rawling 2 2 0 20 2 --

Augt. 24 Same as last Month 20 2 --

Sep 7 96 Days Works at 2s/0d 7 4 0 12 Do. Rods at 3s/0d 1 16 0 4 Do. Thos. Rawling 2 2 0 Carriage of Rods home -- 10 0 Paid for a Padlock -- -- 6 11 12 6 170 1 9 £318 7 7 John Robinson for Smithwork.

1798 A Bolt 6½ lb. Plates & hoops} for Roll 45½ lb 15 oz. } 1 1 5½ A Codd -- Wt. 4 lb. at 6d p. -- 2 -- 1799 Elbows for Roll } plated & hooped at 5d p. } 1 1 3 Laying a Gudgeon -- 1 9 21 Scores and 11 Chizzels } sharping at 1s/0d p. } 1 1 6½ 3 8 0 Carried to Pa: 47 £321 15 7

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Renewals in 1798.

Tanfield Lieth from Page 39. It appeared, on Investigating this Matter, that about 100 Acres of Coal remained to be wrought between the ancient Freehold and the Dyke, the other part between the Dyke and Bushblades being either 29 wrought out or over-run; and communicating with Bushblades crushed and drowned Waste, (which I have seen take in the Day-Feeders) renders this part of no value: The Seam wrought is the Huttons; some part of the Hard Coal was wrought also; but little or none (except in Drifts) of the Brass-Thill, which Seam is very hard and coarse here: A part of the hard-coal Seam was wrought (from the Brass-Thill Level,) on the East of the Dyke. I have frequently plumbed the old Engine Shaft, and found that the drowned Waste was no higher than within about 13 Fathoms of the Surface.

This Colliery was wrought by the late Alderman Ridley, who was to have £150 a Year for Drawing Mr Silvertop’s Feeders from Bushblades Colliery which communicated with his Engine: Mr William Brown the Alderman’s Viewer, or some peck [?] to Mr Silvertop, raised the Pumps in the Engine pit 10 Fathoms, by which Means a great Number of Walls in the Alderman’s Colliery were for ever drowned up and lost, the £150 a Year, of Course was not paid, and by pulling down Stone in the Hopewell Pit at Bushblades to preserve an Air-Course with the North pit, and from thence with the Prosperous pit, a very small Loss of Coal was sustained in Bushblades.

In Regard to Miss Simpson’s Renewal, I recommend the Fine to be stated at £250 to grant a new Lease for 21 Years (the current Lease having only between 4 and 5 Years to run: To grant her Liberty to make Outstrokes and Communications with her own Freehold so as to work them both together as one Colliery; each Tract, separably, being too small for the Establishment of a New Winning.

Mem: Jan: 19th: 1799, Mr John Grey informed me that the fine was considered by them, on Miss Simpson’s part as not altogether unreasonable.

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Renewals in 1799 ------1. North-Thorn

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Sleekburn Boring – continued from Page 44

£ s d £ s d 1799 Brought from Page 44 321 15 7 321 15 7 Apr: 27 Stephen Robinson Wright, viz: Making 41 Fathoms of Boxes and sundry other things – 25 Days at 2s/6d p: 3 2 6 35 Bolls of Coal and Leading 1 2 3 Oil, Tallow, Hogs Lard &c. -- 7 2 Leading Timber for the Boxes & the Boxes when made from Bedlington to the hole -- 11 10 5 3 9 1798. Mr. Marshall, Timber Merchant. May … 5 Norway Logs – 50 Feet at 16d p: 3 6 8 Sawing ditto for the Boxes 7 6 2-12 1¼ In. Deals at 20d p: 3 4 Oct: 22 50 – same Sort of Deals at 18 p: 3 15 -- 4 Sparrs – Length 56 Feet at 1½d p. -- 7 -- 7 19 6 Edward Charlton for Spikes, Nails, &c; -- 14 7½ -- 15 9 ½ 1799. John Clark – Raff-Merchant, viz: Feb: 26 4 pieces Norway Timber 43 Feet at 1s/6d p. 3 4 6 Sawing into Scantlings 3¼ In. by 31/8 comes to 334 Feet at 2s/6d p. 100 Feet -- 8 4 Mar: 4 Piece of Sparr for Jack Roll 5 Feet at 14d & Carr. 2s/0d -- 7 10 4 -- 8 1798 I. and M. Marshall, Ropers, viz: June C qr lb [i.e. Cwt/quarters/lbs] 23 13 Fa: 3 In. Rope 0 1 12 at 50s/0d p; -- 17 10 Sep. 24 13 Fa: -do- 0 1 6 at 46/- p; -- 14 -- 1799 Mar.28 61 Fa: 3½ -do- 1 3 26 at 50/0 p; 4 18 2 6 10 0

Carried over 346 5 3½

30

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Sleekburn Boring. – compleated.

1799 Stephen Robinson’s Charge for Sundries from May 24th to and with Sep: 10th £ s d £ s d viz 1 lb. Candles -- -- 10 1¾ lb. Lard at 6d p. -- -- 10½ 2 Fothers of Coals and Leadings at 5s/0d p; -- 10 -- 8½ lbs Tallow at 7d p; -- 4 11½ 1 Quart of Oil -- -- 10 2 lbs Tallow at 6d p; -- 1 -- 2 Jack Roll Elbows, Wood and Workmansp: -- 6 6 Removing the Materials when done boring, viz: Stephen Robinson 1 Day 2s 6d Richard Wilson 1 Do; 2s 8d Leading to Bedlington 9s 6d Fixing a Stone on the hole 1s 6d -- 16 2 1 lb. of Tallow, forgotten above -- -- 7 2 1 9 To 1 cwt 2 qrs 16 lbs of Ropes from Mr. Marshall at 5s/4d &c &c 5 4 1 To Amount brought over 346 5 3½ £353 11 1½ Mem: This hole was bored to the Cowpen Main Coal at the Depth of 83½ Fa: The several very soft Strata met with, rendered the hole so foul that Boxes were put in to a very great Depth, and repeated, yet the hole was never completely clean. This occasioned the enormous Expence of the above abstract; as may be seen by the Nature and Quality of the Materials used in the Business.

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Statement of the Earl of Sefton’s Rents for Lanchester Collieries, from Page 16. In 1798. Tens Wags At p. £ s d £ s d The Marquises of Bute & Hertford 857 11 Miss Jane Simpson 441 14 The Grand Allies 515 7 Consumed by P. Pike Machines -- --

In 1799. The Marquises of Bute & Hertford 910 19 Miss Jane Simpson 466 10 The Grand Allies 395 -- Sundries Consumed by P. Pike Machines

In 1800. The Mars: of Bute & Hertford 1181 16 Miss Jane Simpson 600 5 The Grand Allies 533 21 Consumed by P. Pike Machines Sundries

In 1801. The Mars: of Bute & Hertford 1156 8 31 Miss Ann Simpson 590 3 The Grand Allies 376 7 Mem: The Grand Allies led 390 Tens 3 W. with a 19 Boll Wag: which equals 370 Tens 7 Wag. 5 Bs with a 20 Boll Waggon.

[The final seven columns are blank in the original.]

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Statement of the Earl of Sefton’s Rents for Lanchester Collieries

In 1802 Tens Wag. At p.

Marquises of Bute and Hertford from Pontop Pike 1175. 5 [No entries under this head] Miss Simpson from Do. 645. 13 Sir Thos. Hen. Liddell from Broom Pit, South Moor 380. 6 2201. 2

In 1803

Marquises of Bute and Hertford 1161. 16 Miss Simpson 639. 0 Sir T: H: Liddell & Prs. 378. 18 Coals consumed by Machines 8¼ Tens 2179. 12

In 1804

Marquises of Bute and Hertford 1197. 12 Miss Simpson 611. 10 The Allies 424. 12

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Tens Was. Miss Simpsons loadings from Pontop Pike Colly. from 31st. Decr. 1803 to & with 31st. Decr. 1804……..611 10

Tens Was. An Acct. of Coals led from Lanchester Common by Sir Thos. Henry Liddell Bart. & Partners from 31st. Decr. 1803 to & wth. 31st. Decr. 1804……………………………………………………………….424 12

Tens Was. Coals led from the Most Noble the Marquises of Bute & Hertfords Colly at Pontop Pike to their Staith at Dunston from 31st. Decr. 1803 to & with 31st. Decr. 1804…………………………………….1197 12

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[blank page]

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Manor of Gateshead

Rents of Gateshead Park Colliery stated, viz:

1795:--1 Year ending Decr: 31st. Tens Bolls At p. £ s d £ s d Led to the Staith 7227 Wagons, or….. 474 94 17s/0d 403 1 9¾ }

32 Landsale Coals…73921/3 Fothers or… 141 201 do. 120 5 2 } 523 6 11¾

Mem: Each Wagon supposed to contain 273/7 Bolls; Each Fother…… 8 Do; Each Ten:………. 418 Do;

1796:--1 Year ending Decr: 31st. Led to the Staith 8317 Wagons, or….. 537 93 17/- 456 12 9¼ } Landsale Coals…12182 Fothers or… 218 241 do. 185 15 9½ } Consumed by Machine Engine, reckoning 18 Bolls} of Coal for Drawing 20 xx – on 3861 Scores, will be} 8 130 do. 7 1 3¼ 649 9 10 [xx = Score] Mem: Each Wagon 27 Bolls; ---- Fother……7½ do;

1797:--1 Year ending Decr: 31st. Led to the Staith 9533 Wagons, or….. 615 321 Landsale Coals…16103½ Fothers, or… 288 392 Consumed by Machine Engine on Drawing } 9161 Scores, at 18 Bolls for every 20 Scores } 19 302 924 179 17s/0d 785 15 3¼

1798:--1 Year, ending Decr: 31st. Led to Staith…7939 Wagons, or….. 512 337 Landsale Coals…16829 Fothers, or… 301 399 Machine, Do;… 17 199 832 99 17s/0d 707 8 0¼

1799:--1 Year, ending Decr: 31st. Led to Staith…10048 Wagons 649 14 Landsale Coals, after deducting} 238 146 820 Fothers } …13284 Foths: Machine, Coals… 18 110 905 270 17s/0d 769 15 11¾

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Manor of Gateshead

Rents of Gateshead Park Colliery stated and continued, viz:

1800:--1 Year ending Decr: 31st. Waggons Tens Bolls Led to Staith……………………………….7227 815 97 Landsale Coals after deducting } 820 Fothers…………………………….} 133091/3 238 335 Machine Coals………………………………………………………. 21 63 £ s d 1075 77 17s/0d 913 18 1½ 33

1801:--1 Year ending Decr: 31st. Waggons Led to Staith……………………………….11754 or 759 96 Landsale Coals……………….Fothers 9412 Deduction for Coals } sold from Staith }…………………….. 143 Remt. 9269 or 166 129 Machine Coals………………………………………………………. 18 317 944 124 17s/0d 802 13 0½

1802:--1 Year ending Decr: 31st. Wags. Tens Bolls Led to Staith………………………….……..8276 534 240 Foths. Landsale Coals………………………………6942 Do. sold from Staith……………………….. 34 123 396 6908 Consumed by Machine Engine…………………………….. 13 116 671 334 17/- 571 7 0

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Manor of Gateshead

Rents of Sheriff-Hill Colliery, stated:

1795:--Year ending Nov: 22d. Waggons Tens Bolls At p. £ s d Led to the Staith….…………………….12332 or 619 230 17s/0d 526 12 4¼ £ s d Landsale……………………………….……..3505 or 175 413 do. 149 11 9½ 676 4 1¾

Led from this Colliery to Gateshead Park Staith from Oct: 1st to and with Nov: 22d: -- 618 Wagg. or 31 Tens 20 Bolls. N.B. The Waggons 21 Bolls: ---The Ten 418 Bolls

1796:--Year ending Nov: 22nd. Waggons Led to Staith………..…………………….14642 735 252 Landsale……………………………….……..3743 188 19 Consumed by Machines…………………………………… 26 54 Leads. to Gateshead Park Staith 1475 Wags. or 576 949 325 17s/0d 807 6 2½ Tens 201 Bolls.

1797:--Year ending Nov: 22d. Waggons Tens Bolls At p. £ s d Led to Staith………..…………………….19750 992 94 17s/0d 843 7 9¾ Landsale Coals…..………………….……..2635 132 159 do. 112 10 5½ Consumed by Machines…………………………………… 35 72 do. 29 17 11 985 16 2

Leadings to Gateshead Park Staith 992 Tens 94 124 0 6¾ Bolls at 2s/6d

34 1798:--Year ending Novr: 22nd. Led to Staith………..……………………Waggons 2942 or 146 376 17s/0d 124 17 3½ Led to ditto…..………………..……...Chaldrons 12104 or 694 404 do. 590 14 5 Landsale Coals……..……………………Waggons 3436 or 172 260 do. 146 14 6¾ Consumed by Machine Engines…………………………… 26 288 do. 22 13 8½ 884 19 11¾

The Waggons were enlarged this Year from 21 Bolls to a Chaldron each. Led to Gateshead Park Staith 841 Tens 362 Bolls at 2s/6d p………………………………………………………………….. 105 4 8

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Manor of Gateshead

Sheriff-Hill, continued.

1799: Year ending Novr: 20th. Tens Bolls p Ten £ s d Led to Staith……….…………………….17655 Chas: 1014 108 17s/0d 862 2 4½ Landsale Coals……………………………4682 Wags: 235 92 do. 199 18 9 £ s d Consumed by Machines………………………………. 25 121 do. 21 9 11 1083 11 0½ Tens Bolls Led to Gateshead Park Staith 1014 108 at 2s/6d……. 126 15 7¾

1800: Year ending Nov: 19th. Led to Staith……….…………………….19643 Chas: 1127 346 17s/0d 958 13 0¾ Landsale Coals……………………………4312 do; 216 264 do. 184 2 8¼ Consumed by the Machines………………………. 24 313 do. 21 0 8¾ 1163 16 6¾

Led to Gateshead Park Staith…………………. 1127 46 2s/6d 140 19 7

Statement of this Years Workings.

Wrought in Fan Pit……….4268 Scores ------Isabella……..3283 do. ------Isabella……..4800 do. 12351 Every Score……..……………….50 Bolls A Ten = 418 )617550 Bolls 1477 164 Deduct Leadings &c. 1369 87 Deficiency……….. 108 77 Or, in Chaldrons…. 1886 Accounted for thus: Cha. Main Engine………...900 Workmen & Runs…500 Short Coals……………486 1886

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Manor of Gateshead

35 Sheriff-hill, continued:

1801: Year ending Nov: 18th. Tens Bolls At p. £ s d Led to Staith……….…………….……….17789 Chas: 1021 158 17s/0d 863 3 5 Landsale Coals………………………….…3427 Wags: 172 71 do. 146 6 10½ £ s d Consumed by Machines………………………………. 23 287 do. 20 2 8 1034 12 11½

Led to Gateshead Park Staith………………………. 1021 158 2s/6d 127 13 5

1802: Year ending Nov: 17th. Chas: Tens Bolls At p. £ s d Led to Staith………..………………..……….19284 1107 90 17s/0d 941 2 8 Landsale Waggons, 21 Bolls each…….4437 222 381 do. 189 9 6 Consumed by Machine Engines……………… 25 266 do. 21 15 9¾ 1152 7 11¾

1803: Year ending Nov: 30th. Chas: Tens Bolls Led to Staith………..…………………….19401 1113 390 Landsale by Waggons of 21 Bolls each (5545) 278 241 Consumed by Machine Engines……………… 27 110 1419 323 17s/0d 1206 16 1½

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Lease of the Manor of Gateshead This Indenture made the 19th Day of July in the 40th Year of the Reign of Our Sovereign Lord George the third by the Grace of God of Great Britain France and Ireland King Defender of the Faith and so forth and in the Year of Our Lord 1800 Between the Right Reverend Father in God Shute by the Grace of God Lord Bishop of Durham of the one Part and Elizabeth Hudson of Whitley in the County of Northumberland Widow of the other part Witnesseth that the said Reverend Father for divers good Causes and Considerations him thereunto moving hath demised granted and to Farm letten and by these presents for himself and his Successors doth demise grant and to farm lett unto the said Elizabeth Hudson her Executors Administrators and Assigns all that his Manor or Lordship Town and Borough of Gateside otherwise Gateshead with the Appurtenances in the County of Durham and also all Manner of Houses Edifices Buildings Barns Stables Orchards Gardens Woods Underwoods Mills Mines Quarries Moors Marshes Waste Grounds Waters Fishings Water Courses Borough Courts Profits and Perquisites of Courts Commons [Furrs?? illegible] Heaths Grounds Copyhold Lands and Lands demised and demisable by Copy of Court Roll and all the Rents Fines and Services of the Copyholders and Copyhold Lands and also all the Freeholders and Freehold Lands Tenements Rents and Services which are holden of the said Bishop and belonging to him within the said Manor Town Borough and Lordship aforesaid or in any of them and also all Goods Chattels of Felons and Fugitives Felons of themselves Goods of Persons outlawed or put in Exigent Goods waved Strays Deodands and Forfeitures which shall

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happen chance or fall within the said Manor Lordship Town and Place aforesaid or in any of them and also all Fines Issues and Americiaments from Time to Time taxed estreated set or assessed of or upon any Person or Persons for or by Reason of touching or concerning any Offence or Offences whatsoever which shall hereafter be committed suffered or done within the said Manor Town Lordship and Place aforesaid and all the Mines of Coal as well opened as not opened or already found or hereafter to be sought for and found Rents or Sums of Money whatsoever heretofore reserved or agreed to be paid to the said Reverend Father or his Predecessors for Wayleave in and upon the said Premises hereby mentioned to be demised or any Part thereof and all Easements 36 Profits Ways Wayleaves Right Prerogative Privilege and Liberty whatsoever of Wayleaves over or along the Premises or any Part thereof or so claimed or enjoyed Commodities Advantages and Heriditaments whatsoever of the said Reverend Father of what Nature Kind or Quality soever the same be situate lying and being or which heretofore have been used and had or enjoyed within the said Manor Lordship Town Borough Fields Hamlets Precincts or Circuits of Gateside or other wise Gateshead aforesaid or any of them Except and always foreprized and reserved out of this present Lease and Grant all the Liberties and Royalties as well of the County Palatine of Durham and such other Rights Liberties and Jurisdictions Power to hold Pleas and the Prerogative Royal of the said Bishop and Bishoprick and of the Chancellor Judges Justices and Ministers and Officers of the said County Palatine for the Time being in the said Town Lordship and Place of Gatesidehead [sic] otherwise Gateshead aforesaid which are not hereinbefore recited to be granted by especial Words or hereinmentioned to be granted by these Presents and except also so much of Tyne Bridge as is situate standing and being within the Town Borough and Precinct of Gateshead and the Soil and Ground of the same and all Houses and Edifices there upon erected and built and the Toll there used to be taken and also except and foreprized out of this present

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Lease and Grant all and every the Sheriffs Forms Fines of Alienation without Licence and all Wardships primer Seizins and Reliefs of Lands and Tenements within the said County Palatine of Durham lying within the said Town and Lordship of Gateside otherwise Gateshead and also foreprized and excepted out of the present Gift Grant and Demise the Advowson and Patronage and Right to collate and or present unto the two Parsonages of Gateshead and Whickham and either of them when and how often the same and either of them shall happen or chance to be vacant during the whole and full Term of this present Grant and Demise To have and to hold the said Manor Lordship Town Borough Lands Tenements Meadows Feedings Woods Underwoods Mines Quarries Rents Reversions Services Hereditaments and other the Premises whatsoever hereby demised or mentioned so to be (except before excepted) unto the said Elizabeth Hudson her Executors Administrators and Assigns from the Making hereof for and during and unto the full End and Term of twenty one Years from thenceforth next and immediately following fully to be compleat and ended yielding and paying therefore yearly during the said Term unto the said Reverend Father and his Rent Successors or to his or their Receiver General or Assignee for the Time being at or in the Exchequer £117.5s.8d of Durham the Rent or Sum of One Hundred and seventeen Pounds fifteen Shillings and Eight Pence of lawful Money of Great Britain at the Feasts of Pentecost, Lammas, St. Martin the Bishop in Winter, and the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary by even and equal Portions without Deduction or Abatement for any Manner of Taxes or Assessees either by Act of Parliament or otherwise howsoever and if the said yearly Rent or any part thereof be behind and unpaid by the Space of twenty Days next after any of the said Feasts or Days at which the same ought to be paid as aforesaid that then and from thenceforth it shall and may be lawful to and for the said reverend Father and his Successors into the said demised Premises and into every Part and Parcel thereof with

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the Appurtenances wholly to re-enter and the same and every Part thereof to have again and retain as in his and their former Estate any Thing in these Presents contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding and the said Reverend Father for himself and his Successors doth covenant grant and agree to and with the said Elizabeth Hudson her Executors and Administrators Assigns and every of them by these Presents that they and every of them shall and may during the said Term hereby demised dig take carry away and convert to her and their own Use and Uses all and every the Mines as well of Coals as other Things in the said Lands Tenements and hereditaments before demised or mentioned to be demised as well such as are now opened as also such as shall hereafter be opened or found and may Win and dig and do all other Things in and upon the same Grounds and Premises for the finding and getting of them In Witness whereof the said Parties to these present Indentures have interchangeably set their Hands and Seals the Day and Year first above written

37 Shute Dunelm

Signed, sealed and delivered } (being first duly stamped) in } the presence of…………………. }

Fridrick Bierworth Thos: Coulson

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Rental of the Manor, &c. of [cont. on p. 61]

Land Rent due Michs. 1802. £ S d

Mrs: Henrietta Ellison 26 4 -- Revd: Dr: Prosser 6 -- -- Exors of late Thos: Moses 14 -- -- John Macleod 12 12 -- Thos: Emmerson Headlam 10 14 -- Joshua Carr 26 13 -- Widow Blenkinsop 80 3 -- Thomas Taylor & Co; 33 12 -- Willm: Hawks & Co; 44 16 6 Thos: Taylor & Co; 10 10 -- Messrs: Surtees & Brown 8 8 -- James Easton 276 18 -- Ditto 37 12 -- For Land late in the [cont. on p. 61] Aubone Surtees & Co; 52 3 -- John Warburton’s Exors 78 -- -- Saml: Jopling’s Exors 61 11 6 Half a Year’s Rent when [cont. on p. 61] Thos: Sill 60 -- -- Do; 26 9 6 For Land late in the [cont. on p. 61] Michael Hackworth 20 5 -- For Do; John Robson 65 -- -- Thos: Harvey 12 12 -- John Summer’s Exors 16 15 -- Adam Askew Esq; 40 -- -- John Boutt’s [Beutt’s? Boult’s? Bentt’s?] Representatives 8 8 -- Carried to Pa: 62 £1029 6 6 Contingencies in the above Manor due Michs. 1802.

Mills & Trotter 3 -- -- Standage of a Mill Thos. Harvey 12 -- -- Dock Staith Geo: Mills 4 10 -- 3 Stints in Town Fields Cookson & Co; 12 -- -- Steel Furnace Chas: Charlton 5 5 -- Part of a Staith Carried to Pa: 62 £36 15 --

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[cont. from p. 60] Gateshead, for One Year due Martins: 1802 38

Possession of Sam: Joplings Exrs: & house and stack yard at Backfield House, quitted M. last.

they quitted the Farm and Jas: Easton, Sill and Hackworth entd: to the same as above & below.

Possessn. of Saml: Jopling’s Exors quitted May Day last which he entered to. Do; Do; which he entered to.

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Rental of the Manor, &c., of [cont. on p. 63] £ S d The Exors of the late Hen: Ellison Esq; Two rooms 2 -- -- Charles Headlam’s Widow An old House 6 6 -- Thos: Harvey A Landing by the Shore 5 10 -- Ditto Houses by Ditto 3 8 -- Thos: Emmerson Headlam A Landing by Do; 10 -- -- Willm: Hawks and Co; An old House by Do; 6 4 -- Lessees of Gateshead Park Colliery Certain Rent……250 -- -- Rock Staith, &c:..18 18 -- Surplus coals……551 17 9½ 820 15 9½ Sir Thos: Liddell Bart: and Partners A Colliery 60 -- -- Jonathan Sorsbie Esq; Quarries on Gateshead Fell 60 -- -- Robt: Curry A Quarry on Do; 5 -- -- Messrs: Donkins Landing for Timber 1 -- -- Lessees of Gateshead Fell Colliery Certain Rent……400 0 0 Surplus Coals….751 13 9 Staith House….…12 -- -- Fire Coal resd:…….7 10 -- 1171 3 9 Cottage Rents and Arrears, and other Contingents added thereto 34 1 8 Messrs: Jacksons Pottery, Wind Mill, & Clay 10 10 -- Saml: Joplings Exrs: Stack Yard and old houses 2 13 6 Adam Askew Esq; Liberty of Way-Leave by Waterside -- 5 -- Thos: Harvey Room by Waterside, late Ann Lawsons 1 -- -- Thos: Taylor & Co; Landing for Timber -- 10 6 Robert Longridge Fishery 5 -- -- Charles Brandling Esq; Water Courses & Rents by Tentale 312 7 9 John Charlton’s Exors Quarries on Gateshead Fell 12 12 -- Isaac Warburton Liberty of Clay -- 2 6 39 £ 2530 10 5½ Land Rent due at Michs: 1802, from Pa: 60 1029 6 6 Contingencies………………………..from Do; 36 15 -- £ 3596 11 11½ Deduct a Years certain Rent 117 15 8 Remainder subject to the Fine 3478 16 3½ £ Fine on Adding 1 Year to 20 in esse 1/7 496 19 5½ £

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[cont. from p. 62] Gateshead, completed. Due Martinmas, 1802

[Saml: Joplings Exrs:] Half Year to James Easton who entered on Mayday

[Thos: Harvey] Ceased to be occupied at May Day [Thos: Taylor & Co;] Ceased to be occupied this Year

Mem: At Martinmas 1803: the Rental stood thus.

£ S d Last Years Rental 3478 16 3½ Increase of Land Rents 22 15 0 Do. Sheriff-hill Colly: Rent 54 8 1 £ S d Decreased – In Gateshead Park Colly: 231 12 5½ Cottage Rents 1 15 1 Brandling’s Water Course 11 1 5½ A Fishery 5 0 0 Taylor’s Wood Landing -- 10 6

40 Jopling’s old houses 2 13 6 252 13 0 Subject to Fine £ 3303 6 4½

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Form of a Bishop’s Confirmation of the Leases of Coal Mines under Glebe Lands let by the Incumbents, in the County of Durham.

“To all to whom these presents shall come we A, by the divine Providence Bishop of Durham Patron and Ordinary of the Rectory of the Parish Church of B in the County and our Diocese of Durham send Greeting Know ye that we the said A, Lord Bishop of Durham have for us and our Successors so far as we might or could by Law ratified allowed and confirmed and by these presents do for us and our Successors so far as by Law we may or can ratify allow and confirm the Indenture of Lease to which these Presents are annexed bearing Date the now last past and made by C, Clerk Rector of the Parish Church of B aforesaid to D, his &c. &c. of the Collieries and Premises therein mentioned to be demised for the Term of 21 Years from the said now last past and all and every Clause Article Matter and Thing therein contained In Witness whereof we have caused our Episcopal Seal to be hereunto affixed and have subscribed the same this in the Year of Our Lord, of our Consecration , and of our Translation to the See of Durham the .”

(signed Signed, Sealed, &s. &c. A, Durham. E. F. G. H.

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Etherley. &c December 1837

Report on the Etherley Coal Mines, made with a view, to investigate the data on which to estimate the Fine, for the renewal of a Life in the Lease.

It does not seem necessary to say more respecting the present Lease of this Colliery, than that it is held on three Lives, one of which has lately dropped, and the two survivors are aged 56 and 38 years respectively.

The Coal-field held under this Lease is very extensive, and may be considered as forming three separate divisions viz. Brussleton, Etherley and Bitchburn.

I have not been able to ascertain whether any actual survey of those several Royalties has been made, so as to shew their several extents in acres, but from the information I have obtained from detached Plans aided by the Eye-plan Appendix No. 1. I have arrived at the following approximate estimate of the quantities of virgin Coal, yet remaining in the extensive tract of Colliery Ground included in this Lease.

The Brussleton Division, is entirely detached from Etherley and Bitchburn, but the two latter lie in juxtaposition.

Brussleton is Estimated to contain about 3000 Acres only 1000 acres of which is supposed to be coal-bearing Ground. No Coals with the exception of a mere patch near the Hill Top Farm House has been worked here, but the existence of a Seam supposed to be the Five Quarter has been ascertained by Boring in John Raines Farm at about 300 yards So. from the Bampton Railway Engine see Appendix No. [blank]

Etherley, commonly called “Low-Etherley” contains about 2000 Acres of surface including 100 Acres claimed as

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41 Etherley &c.

Freehold by Mr. Johnson and Mrs. Copeland, but it has not yet been decided, as I am informed, whether it is their Freehold or the Bishops Copyhold. In riding the Boundaries, the Bishops people ride it in but the other parties warn them off – the Coal is unwrought, under this part.

Of the whole of this extensive tract, called Etherley Colliery only about 500 Acres have yet been wrought – consequently about 1500 acres of virgin Coal, yet remain to be worked. But of this about 500 Acres lying under the Low Land next the River Wear, and extending from Tindle Burn to Escomb Wood-side, it may be inferred from the Coal lying so near the Surface, that it will not be of a sufficiently firm texture to enable it to compete at Market, at this time, with Coals of harder texture.

By a boring made to the Main Coal Seam at Tindle Burn, it was found at only 4 Fathoms below the Surface, and it generally happens that Coal lying so near the surface is of a soft friable texture, although the quality may be good.

But after deducting these 500 Acres we still have 1000 acres remaining of in all probability, as good Coal, as the Colliery has hitherto produced, so that there is a reasonable prospect of its being capable of producing at least, twice as much more Coal, as has hitherto been worked out of it.

I must own, that I was not prepared to find this to be the case as all the former official reports of the Colliery which I have seen as well as the general impression of the Country, led to the conclusion, that the Colliery was nearly exhausted.

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Etherley &c.

It is not, however, difficult to discover how this erroneous impression as to the exhausted state of the Colliery, as conveyed by the official Reports alluded to has arisen.

It has evidently arisen through the viewers having taken a partial, not a general view of the Colliery having limited their investigations to that part of the Mine only which was won, or drained, by the Adit carried up from Tindle Burn, without reference to the Undrained part, which lies below the level of the Adit.

The Adit drained the 500 Acres already mentioned, and which in a Mining point of view seems to have been considered by the viewers, as constituting the whole Colliery. Taken in this sence [sic] the Colliery is unquestionably nearly exhausted.

The Diagrams Appendix No. 3 will explain this matter.

The drainage of the large field of Coal which lies below the level of the Adit, and between it and the River Wear, might easily be effected by a Steam Engine of moderate power, placed near the confluence of Tindle Burn, and the Wear. This Engine would drain all this Field of Coal except about 100 Acres which lie on the dip or South side of the greenfield or 40 Fathoms Slip Slope. This tract would require a separate drainage, but it is reported to contain Coal of the very best quality.

For the last Ten Years Etherley Colliery has been worked by Outstroke from or rather in Common with Railey Fell as no barrier is left between them so that no separate Account has been kept of the quantity of Coals wrought out of each. I have, therefore been obliged to make the best approximate Estimate, by admeasurement, and

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Etherley &c.

42 calculation I could of the quantity of Coal wrought out of Etherley. But it is of so trifling an amount, than it can hardly be considered as an Element in calculating the amount of the Fine. See Appendix No. 4 Only about 6 Acres of Coal chiefly pillars now remain to be worked out of this part of Etherley.

Bitchburn This division of the Etherley Lease-hold Coal is said to contain about 2000 acres of surface measure, of which it is said a certain tract at the South Eastern Angle as represented on the Eye Plan No. 1 is disputed being claimed by Mr. Lyons and his Freehold but I could not gain any correct information on this subject.

There is little doubt of the Main Coal Seam lying through the whole of it, as it has been proved by working in it at Low Bitchburn, and from the Five-quarter Seam (which lies conformably with and 14 fathoms above it) Cropping out in the North Bank of the River near Newton Cop Bridge the presence of the Main Coal also at that point is scarcely to be doubted.

It seems that about 200 acres of the Main Coal Seam have been worked, near Bitchburn first, by an Adit, or day-level, and subsequently by a Steam Engine. I could not learn by whom the day-level was worked, but the Steam Engine was erected by the late Mr. John Flintoff in 1813, and relinquished in 1828, as he could not obtain sale of a sufficient of Coals to defray the expence [sic] of working the Engine. The Engine is still standing entire, and the Pit is sunk in the ancient Copyhold, as I am informed, for which no other consideration is paid to the tenant of the Copyholder, than a guinea a year for, mere

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Etherley &c.

Surface damage. From this I presume it may be inferred that the Bishop’s right to exercise all the requisite surface easements and privileges for working the Coal in these Ancient Copyhold Lands is fully established which of course enhances the value of the Coal to the See.

The Coal in those workings is reported to be of excellent quality, and it may be presumed to lie at a moderate depth from the surface – probably from ten or fifteen Fathoms in the low grounds – to 60 or 70 in the most elevated parts. This part of the Lease-hold, may therefore, be considered as forming a very valuable mining tract of sufficient extent to form a separate and independent Colliery.

The present Sub-lessees Messrs. Edwd. Backhouse and Stobart pay a certain Annual rent of £2600 for the privilege of working the stipulated quantity of 20,000 Scores of ten Peck Corves and 1/6 per Score for Surplus Workings the Score to consist of 22 Corves. This local measure equated to the usual Coal Ten of 440 Bolls, gives 16 Scores to the Ten. From which it appears that 41/71/5 is the Tentale Rent on the stipulated quantity, and 24/ [sic] on the Surplus. Considering that the rent is paid upon the quantity of Coals drawn to Bank, without any allowance being made for Waste and loss by screening out the Small Coal – these are very high tentale Rents.

By their Lease the Sub-tenants have the privilege of working the stipulated quantity and surplus from any part of the demised Coal that may best suit their convenience.

I now come to the consideration of the probable quantity of Coal yet remaining to be worked in the several divisions of this extensive Lease-hold property

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Etherley &c. which assuming the account which I have received of the extent of the acres to be tolerably correct, the following, may be considered, as an approximation towards an accurate result.

Brussleton

43 The Coal in this Division has only been proved to the depth of the Five-quarter Seam, see the boring Account Appendix No. 2. Whether the Main Coal Seam which generally lies 14 fathoms below the Five quarter may exist in this locality, yet remains to be ascertained. I will, therefore, only take the Five quarter Seam into account on the present occasion. In judging of the character of this Seam, from the boring account, I would not state it at more than 3 ft. 6 in. in thickness of Merchantable Coal, as it is known to be a Seam of irregular and variable thickness. But allowing for loss of Coal by Dykes, and in working Pillars I shall state that the net thickness of available Coal, at 3 feet which will yield 88 Tens per Acre.

The extent of Coal-bearing Ground is estimated at 1000 Acres, consequently the total produce of the Five- quarter Seam will be 88000 Tens or 1,613,333 Newcastle Chaldrons.

Etherley This Division, after making due allowance for the tract of deteriorated Coal, under the Low-ground, as stated in the former part of this report, contains 1000 Acres of Merchantable Coal, in the Main Coal Seam.

This Seam has generally been found about 6 feet thick, and there is no reason to apprehend that it

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Etherley &c. will be less through this tract, But as the Main Coal is of a fragile nature and produces a large proportion of Small in preparing it for market, one half may be struck off from the Quantity for loss underground by Dykes &c and in small screened out at bank for inferior purposes[.] This reduces the net quantity of best merchantable Coal to 3 feet in thickness, or 88 Tens per Acre, the same as Brussleton, so that the total produce will be 88000 Tens or 1,613,333 Newcastle Chaldrons.

Bitchburn The Thickness and texture of the Main Coal Seam, in this Division being less known than in Etherley, I should not state the produce of Merchantable Coal, at more than 75 Tens per acre. Then taking the extent of virgin Coal at 1800 Acres, the total quantity will be 135,000 Tens, or 2,475,000 Newcastle Chaldrons.

The Brussleton Division lies convenient to the Darlington Railway, and is nearer the Shipping places, than Black Boy, St Helens, Copy-crooks or any of the Collieries lying further West, on the Line.

The Etherley Division, although the present working part of it, is in Communication with the Witton Park Branch of the Darlington Railway, the unopened part of it, lying under the low Grounds, could not be put into beneficial communication with that Branch. The Coal from this part of Etherley, as well as from Bitchburn, can only be taken to Market by the projected Auckland and Weardale Branch of Railway, with any reasonable prospect of success.

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Etherley &c.

From the foregoing premises the following Conclusions may be drawn. 1st. That a much greater extent of Coal-bearing Ground is held under this Lease than can be rendered available as an individual Colliery. 2nd. That the three great Divisions are each of sufficient extent to form a separate Colliery. 3rd. That none of the Divisions, would, comparatively, be expensive to win as separate Collieries. – the Stock of Waggons would form the most expensive part of the Working Stock. 4th. That the Etherley and Bitchburn Divisions do not yet possess the means of sending their coals to Market, on equal terms with the neighbouring Collieries. But are dependent on the execution of the intended Auckland and Weardale Railway to enable them to participate in the supply of the Coal market with the neighbouring Collieries. Nothing further occurs to me, at present, on what may be considered the mining branch of the subject under consideration, and I now approach the most difficult part of it viz, the mercantile or speculative department. 44 This is by far the most difficult part of the case, as we see that nearly the whole of this extensive Field of Coal is at present, in comparatively a dormant State, without affording any certain data to Govern the judgement, as to either the time when it may be brought into a state of mining activity

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Etherley &c. or the extent to which it may eventually be worked. We can, therefore, only proceed on prospective, and hypothetical data, in endeavouring to estimate its probable annual value. The first question which would seem to present itself under those circumstances is, assuming the three several divisions of the Lease to be opened, as separate Collieries and access to the market opened so as to place them on the footing of current going Collieries[.] What would be the probable annual Rental from each, and what amount of rent would they each respectively be worth. The next, in what time may it reasonably be assumed that the Collieries may be won, and the Railway Communications made to them. Now as to the first, the most rational mode of proceeding seems to be to find out amongst the Collieries in the neighbourhood the most analogous cases, and first as to Brussleton. The Five-quarter is the only Coal which has yet been found in a workable state. I have seen it in Sir Geo. Musgrave’s Freehold, in a Pit in Brussleton Wood. The Coal is of very inferior quality, and was only considered fit for burning Lime, the quantity was trifling which could be sold, and the working was discontinued several years ago. The Coal, however, appears to me, to be likely to suit Steam Vessels – the supplying of which has recently opened out a new Market for this description of inferior Coal. If opened out, therefore, it may be

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Etherley &c. presumed that the scale of certain and tentale rent might be similar to that at which Sir Geo. Musgrave’s Brussleton has recently been let and which as I am informed is in the proportion of £150 per annum certain Rent and 12/ tentale for the Five-quarter Seam. It would require 250 Tens, or 4580 Newcastle Chaldrons to cover the certain Rent, which is probably as great an annl. quantity as could be vended. The annuity may therefore be stated as £150.

Etherley and Bitchburn Those Collieries when the Auckland and Weardale Railway is completed may be considered of about similar and equal value, and in Calibre, they may be compared to Railey Fell (called in the Coal-trade lists Etherley) and Norwood. But as the locality of Etherley and Bitchburn, are not so favourable for the Yorkshire landsale-trade as Railey- fell and Norwood, and the other Collieries lying further to the South they cannot be expected to participate in that Trade, we may therefore, presume that their Vend will be chiefly confined to the East Country Export, and Landsale trade. Under the circumstances the annual Vend from each cannot probably be stated at more than 800 Tens or 14666 Newcastle Chaldrons. Then taking the Tentale Rent at 24/ the same as the Sub-lessees pay for their export Coals, each Colliery would produce an Annual Rent of £960. We now come to the consideration of the probable time when those several Collieries may be opened out, so as to be in a condition to send the estimated quantity of Coals to Market.

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Etherley &c.

Brussleton, is so situated as to be put in immediate communication with the Darlington Railway. The time of bringing the Coal to Market, therefore, hinges entirely on the time for winning the Colliery – which if the work were pursued with due diligence, might be accomplished in twelve months. The annual Rentale [sic] would therefore, if paid in half yearly moieties, become available at the end of Eighteen months.

45 The sending of the Etherley and Bitchburn Coals to Market, depends solely on the execution of the Auckland and Weardale Branch of Railway, as the Collieries might be won and placed in a working state, long before the rail- way can be completed, if set about in due time. I am not informed as to the intentions of the Company with respect to the completion of the Railway, but supposing it to be completed in three years, to the Collieries, and they to be prepared for work in the mean time the first payment of their rents supposing them to be payable half yearly would become due in three years and an half. The data, therefore on which to estimate the Fine, for renewing the Life in the Lease, according to the above hypothesis, are Brussleton Annuity £150 to commence at the end of Eighteen months Etherley Annuity - £960} to commence at the end of 3½ years. Brussleton Do - 960}

In conclusion I beg to observe that I offer the foregoing speculative opinions as to the annual value of the Coal property under consideration, with great deference, as the subject is undoubtedly very complicated and difficult – especially in these times of morbid speculation in Coal

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Etherley &c.

Mining. And when a calm dispassionate observer cannot discover any rational grounds for supposing that the increasing demand for Coals – great as it is – can possibly keep pace with the increased Supply which must soon be poured into the Market – from the almost innumerable new Collieries which are now being opened out in every part of the District. It is, therefore, but too probable that in a few years, the Coal-trade will experience all the inconvenience and distress arising from over-production. And that a rateable reduction of Mine-rent will necessarily ensue, so that the aggregate rental of the whole number of Collieries, will not amount to more than would be produced by the lesser number – commensurate with the legitimate demand of the Market, as it is obvious that the public customer can only consume a given quantity of Coal, and whether that quantity be raised from few Collieries or many, the amount of Royalty or Lessor’s Rent must be nearly the same. I feel the whole subject however to be so complicated and difficult that I cannot venture to give a decided opinion upon it. But as it is one of great importance to the See, on the present occasion I beg to submit the observations which I have made in this Report to the careful consideration of the Bishop’s Confidential Adviser. And shall be glad to afford any further information, or explanation that may be in my power to give.

John Buddle

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Etherley &c.

View Notes Decr. 21st 1837

Etherley Colliery The Colliery is held under the See of Durham under a Lease for 3 Lives, and comprises the following Parcels. Low Etherley, about – 1500 Acres Brussleton, supposed about - 3000 -- Bitchburn, about – 2000 -- About 100 Acres of Etherley, are claimed as Freehold, by Mr Johnson and Mrs Copeland and it has not yet been decided whether it is their Freehold, or the Bishop’s Copyhold. The Bishop’s people ride it in in riding the Boundaries, but Mr Johnson warned them off. The Coal is unwrought in this part. In Etherley and Bitchburn the Main Coal, which is the only workable Seam, runs through the whole of the property, but the extent and quality of the Coal in Brussleton is not known, as with the exception of a small tract, near the Hill Top Farm House, it has not yet been explored. It is however conjectured that what are called the Brussleton Seams may lie through an extent of about 1000 Acres of it. Two Seams of Coal have been bored to about 300 yards South of the Brussleton Railway Engine – See the following Boring Account appendix No. 2. 46 Low Etherley. About 500 acres of the Main Coal Seam has been worked by the drainage of an Adit, from Tindle Burn; and 1500 Acres of this Coal remain entire. From a boring made at the mouth of the adit in Tindle Burn, where the Seam was found at only

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Etherley &c.

4 fathoms below the Surface, and from the lowness of the ground along the South side of the River Wear up to Escomb-wood Side it may be inferred that about 500 Acres of the Seam, from lying so near the Surface would not produce Coals of sufficient hardness and Strength, to compete with the stronger Coals, now being worked at the neighbouring Collieries[.] But there appears to be reasonable grounds for assuming that the remaining 1000 acres, will produce Coal of similar quality and character, to those at present working. In the extent of the 1000 acres above alluded to is a tract of about 130 acres lying on the dip or south side of the Greenfield Dyke which is a down throw to the South of 40 Fathoms. This tract includes the 100 acres of disputed Coal already mentioned, but it cannot be drained, or won, without the aid of a powerful Steam Engine. The present workings of the Etherley Colliery are limited to a Small Tract, about 6 acres of Pillars, which lies in juxtaposition with the Railey Fell Boundary, and is all that can be drained, in Etherley by the present Adit. The present winning of Etherley Colliery may, therefore, be considered as exhausted. The workings are now carried on by Outstroke from Railey Fell, and the quantity of Coals worked during the last Ten years is stated in the appendix No. 4. The Mine Rent paid by the sub-Lessees, is paid on the score of 10 peck Corves and 22 Corves to the Score. Certain Rent £2600 for 20,000 xx [Score] and 1s/6d per xx [Score] for over-workings.

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Etherley &c.

Bitchburn This Colliery has been partially worked near the Western out-crop of the Main Coal Seam, by an adit, or day Level and also by a deeper Winning made by a Steam Engine. I have not been able to ascertain by whom the day Level Winning was made, but the Engine winning was made by the late John Flintoff in 1813, and was relinquished in 1828. It was discontinued from the want of demand, the quantity sold not being adequate to defray the expence of maintaining the Engine. It is estimated that about 200 acres of the Main Coal Seam were worked by those two winnings – the remainder of the 2000 acres remains entire. The Five-quarter Seam, crops out in the banks of the Wear, near to the Newton Cap Bridge, which is a type of the prescence [sic] of the Main Coal Seam, in that part of the property. From this and the workings, at Bitchburn already described, there is little or no doubt of the existence of the Main Coal Seam, through out, the whole of the Estate. And that it lies at a moderate depth from the surface, varying probably from ten or fifteen Fathoms, in the Low Ground near the river, to 60 or 70 in the most elevated part. I am informed that Flintoff’s Engine Pit, is sunk in the ancient Copyhold Ground, and that he never paid any thing more to the Copy-holder, than a mere compensation for surface damage. The Engine is still standing on the Pit and the present Sub-Lessees pay the Tenant of the Copy-holder a Guinea a year, as compensation for the damage of the ground which it occupies. From all of this I infer that the Bishop’s right to the full right of exercising all the requisite easements by breaking the surface, sink Pits, lay Waggonways &c is undisputed.

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Appendix No. 1: Eye Plan of Etherley Bitchburn and Brussleton

[Plan showing location of royalties, collieries, faults, roads and wagonways (NW section)]

NEIMME-Bud-20-p80 B Appendix No. 1: Eye Plan of Etherley Bitchburn and Brussleton

[Plan showing location of royalties, collieries, faults, roads and wagonways (NE section)]

47

NEIMME-Bud-20-p80 C Appendix No. 1: Eye Plan of Etherley Bitchburn and Brussleton

[Plan showing location of royalties, collieries, faults, roads and wagonways (SW section)]

NEIMME-Bud-20-p80 D Appendix No. 1: Eye Plan of Etherley Bitchburn and Brussleton

[Plan showing location of royalties, collieries, faults, roads and wagonways (SE section)]

NEIMME-Bud-20-p80 [sic] Etherley &c

[Digitisation of NW section of the above plan, taken from rear, so that it is an inverted image; not sure why the photo was taken]

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Appendix No. 2

An Account of a Boring made South of John Raines Farm House and about 300 yards South of Brussleton Railway Engine.

Fas. Ft. In Fas. Ft. In 1 Brown Sail - 1 - 2 Blue Clay - 1 - 3 Sand with Water - 1 - 4 Strong Blue Clay 1 2 6 5 Gray Metal Stone 3 2 - 6 Coal - 3 - 5 4 6 7 Gray Thill Stone - 2 - 8 Gray Metal Stone with Post Girdles 9 1 - 9 Soft Parting - - 6 10 Brown Post with Water - 4 - 11 Gray Post Stone - 2 6 12 Coal - - 4 10 4 4 13 Gray Thill - - 8 14 Gray Metal Stone - 3 - 15 Blue Metal Stone - 4 6 16 White Post Stone - 5 6 17 Gray Post Stone - 2 - 18 Blue Metal Stone 1 4 - 19 Coal - - 10 4 2 6 20 Gray Thill Stone - 1 - 21 Gray Post Stone 1 - - 22 White Post Stone 1 3 - 23 Blue Metal Stone - 5 - 24 Post Girdle with Water - 1 9 25 Blue Metal Stone with Iron Stone Girdles 5 3 - 26 Gray Post Stone 3 3 - 27 Gray Metal Stone - 3 - 48 28 Blue Metal - 4 6 29 Coal - 1 - 14 1 3 30 Gray Thill Stone - 2 6 31 Gray Post Stone with Water 1 3 - 32 Blue Metal - 5 - 33 Coal } - 1 6 { 34 Band (clay) } { - 1 8 35 Coal & Brass } 6 . 10 { - - 4 36 Coal } { - 3 4 3 5 4 37 Gray Thill - 3 6 - 3 6

Total Depth 39 3 5

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Appendix No. 3 Sectional Diagram shewing the Drainage of Etherley Colliery

[Hand-drawn elevation of the drainage layout, also showing the dip of the seam below the drainage level]

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Appendix No. 4. An Account of Scores of Coals wrought and drawn to Bank at Old Etherley and Railey Fell Collieries from Decr. 6th 1827 to and with December 16th 1837

Date Phoenix Pit with a Craggs Pit with Catherine Pit Total of 10 10 Peck Corf a 10 Peck Corf with a 10 Peck Peck Corves Corf xx co xx co xx co xx co From Decr. 6th 1827 to Decr. 5th 1828 13727 15 3727 7 17455 - Decr. 5. 1828 to Decr. 31. 1829 10678 16 2742 6 13421 - Year ending Decr. 31 1830 13327 2 2709 3 16036 5 Do------1831 13501 17 2625 15 16127 10 Do------1832 16671 13 2747 5 19418 18 Do------1833 13525 4 3458 4 16983 8 Do------1834 9591 6 578 7 9608 9 19778 - Do------1835 13842 - 5378 9 19220 - Do------1836 16378 11 4094 7 20472 18 From Decr. 31. 1836 to Decr. 16th 1837 14856 15 7664 1 22520 16 136100 11 18588 3 26745 4 181433 18

Included in the above quantities of Coals drawn to bank at the Railey Fell Pits, 2 A 2 R 14 P of whole Coal, and 3 A 0 R 9 P of Pillar Coal have been wrought out of Etherley. The produce of which I calculate to be from the Whole Mine ----- 3132 Scores 49 Pillars----- 4904 Scores wrought out of Etherley 8036 which deducted from the } gross quantity, leaves to have } been drawn out of Railey Fell } 173397..18 Total 181433..18

Yearly average for ten years 18143 xx 84/10 co. being 1856 xx 136/10 co. under the stipulated annual Quantity of 20,000 Scores.

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January 2d. 1838 Report on Birtley Common, and Ayton-moor Collieries.

By admeasurement of the Colliery Plan the Surface area of those Collieries appears to be A R P Birtley Common 316 3 0 Ayton-moor 94 2 4 411 1 4

They contained originally the following Seams viz . The High Main . Maudlin . Low-main . Hutton All those Seams have been extensively worked, under former successive Leases, and the only merchantable Coal now remaining to be worked, is in the Maudlin, Low-main and Hutton Seams. From the imperfect system of mining formerly pursued, it appears that only about 45½% per cent of the Coal, was obtained from the whole of the Main Coal, as well as from the greater part of the other Seams. So that the better half of the Coal, has been lost. An attempt was made about six years ago to work the old Crept pillars of the High-main Seam, but the Coal was found to be so much crushed, and deteriorated as not to be marketable. The two Royalties have always been worked in common, as one Colliery, without any Barrier of separation being left, or any account of the separate quantities of Coals, wrought from each being kept.

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Birtley Common &c.

Within the last few years a better system of mining has been introduced by which from 75 to 80 per cent of the remaining part of the Maudlin, Low-main and Hutton Seams will be obtained. The Lessees, are also exploring the old crept workings of the Hutton seam to ascertain if any part of the Old Pillars will defray the expence of working. And so far the prospect rather encourages the expectation of a favourable result. The experiment is not, however, sufficiently advanced, to furnish the requisite data for calculating the probable produce of merchantable Coals from those crushed Pillars. From the best estimate I can make of the quantity of merchantable Coal yet remaining unworked in those Collieries (see View notes appendix No. 1) seems to be 16296½ Tens. And taking the average Annual Vend at 967 Tens – see Appendix No. 1. the duration may be stated at 17 years – or eventually 26 as therein stated. Considering the various qualities of Coal, produced from the different Seams I should state 17/6 per Ten, as a fair Rent for the ordinary Ten of 440 Bolls. The annual Rent on the above quantity will therefore be 967 Tens at 17/6 - £846..2..6.

50 The Lessees have the privilege of Outstroke, from these Collieries, for working the adjoining Colliery of Springwell, on paying 3/6 per Ten of 418 Bolls on all Coals so worked. They also have the privilege of a Water-course, through Ayton Banks from Alder Dean, or Ravensworth Colliery for the drainage of the

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Birtley Common &c.

Springwell Colliery on payment of £5 per annum. But as none of those privileges have been exercised during the last seven years, nor are likely to be exercised in future, they cannot be considered as objects of valuation in the present instance. The Lessees sunk a Pit in Springwell several years ago, and made it an independent Colliery by erecting a Pumping Engine upon this Pit, to draw the Water, by which they were enabled to dispence [sic] with the use of the Water-course Drift, above mentioned as well as the easement of Outstroke. The Birtley Fell and Ayton Banks Collieries, neither afford to, or receive aid from any adjoining Colliery at this time, but are worked as an independent Colliery drained by an Engine, on the Vale pit.

John Buddle

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Birtley Common &c.

View Notes Memoranda relative to Birtley Common and Ayton Banks Collieries. The Collieries have always been wrought in Common. They contained originally the following workable Seams viz. The Main Coal, Maudlin, Low-Main, and Hutton – all in great perfection, as compared with the neighbouring Collieries. The Main Coal was worked out, by small winnings viz 10 yards, 4 Board, 6 Wall, the Walls holed at 22 yards, many years ago. It is doubtful whether any great regularity was observed in those small winnings, but fro some cause, or other they are all crept – probably from working the lower seams, below them. When Mr Wade worked the Colliery six years ago he cut through the Creep in those pillars to a considerable extent, but the Coal was found to be so crushed and deteriorated, as not to be merchantable, and he was obliged to relinquish the undertaking. The Maudlin Could not gain any accurate information relative to this Seam; It has been extensively worked in the whole Mine but it is probable that the Pillars have been greatly injured or destroyed by working the Low-main and Hutton Seams below. The Low-main has been extensively worked but according to the Colliery Plans, the following quantity

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Birtley Common &c. of Coal, yet remains to be worked – see page 90. The Hutton Seam Has also been extensively worked, but by the Plan, the following quantities of Coal still remain – see page 91. By admeasurement of the Colliery Plan the following appears to be the surface area, of the Coal demised by the Bishop A R P Birtley Common 316 3 0 Ayton Banks 94 2 4 411 1 4 No Dykes and very few Hitches have been met with in the Colliery – it is an extraordinary clear field of Coal. At present the Colliery is drained by an Engine, on the Vale Pit, which draws the water from the Hutton Seam. The 51 depth of this Pit from the surface is 104 Fathoms, but there is an out-set of 4 Faths. which makes the full drawing depth 108 Fathoms. The Water-course Drift from the Alder-dean Engine has been discontinued for several years. On the Main Coal Plan is written a memorandum respecting the depths of the several Pits of which the following is a copy. High Main Maudlin Low-main Hutton Fathoms Fathoms Fathoms Fathoms South Pit 40 50 64 72 Folley Do. 43 53 67 75 New Swang Pit 56 66 80 88 Lamb Do. 54 64 78 86 Fox Do. 58 68 82 90 Way Do. 58 68 82 90 Bounder Do. 56 66 80 88 Gate Do. 58 68 82 90 Borehole Do. 66 76 90 98 Hill Do. 74 84 98 106 Vale Do. 72 82 96 104 Whin Do. 48 58 72 80 *Bank Do. 78 88 100 108 *Spring Do. 76 86 98 106

* These two Pits are sunk in Lord Ravensworth’s Ground & wrought the Coal out of Ayton Banks by outstroke.

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Birtley Common &c.

If the above is accurate, it shews an extraordinary conformity in the seams. The statement is made by the late Mr. John Donnison who was viewer of the Colliery many years, and had the reputation of being a very accurate man in such matters. The proportion of the Main Coal Seam obtained by the first working by the 10 yard winnings would be 22x4+6x2 = 100 = .4545 obtained, and .5455 left in Pillars, or say 45½ per cent got by first Working and 54½ left 22x10 220 in Pillars. The same system of working has been pursued in the other seams, and a like proportion of them has been obtained. All those thin walls are crept in all the seams, and an attempt is now being made to work them in the Hutton Seam, to the South West of the Vale Pit. But the Coal is very much crushed, and only the very heart of each wall will produce merchantable Coals, and that at a great sacrifice of Small by Screening. The system of working the Low-main, and Hutton Seam is now, however, altered – the winnings in both being increased to 14 yards. In the Low-main the walls are 9 yards – the Boards 5 – the Walls holed at 30 yards 2 yards wide, consequently 30x5+9x2 = 168 = .4 obtained by first working and .6 left in Pillars. 30x14 420 The proportion obtained from the Hutton Seam the Walls being 10 yards, and the Boards 4 is 30x4+10x2 = 140 = .333 obtained by first working and .677 left in Pillars – say in round numbers 331/3 per cent 30x14 420 obtained by first working, and 662/3 left in Pillars. But as Pillars of the above strength will admit of an effectual second working, the ultimate gross produce may be estimated at 80 per cent from which ¼th may

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Birtley Common &c.

52 be deducted for Small Coals to be screened out, which will leave 60 per cent for the net produce of best merchantable Coals.

Prospective produce of the Seams ______

The High Main Coal Seam may be considered as being exhausted. The Maudlin Seam The following quantities of whole (virgin) Coal and Pillars, seem, from the old Colliery Plans, and the best information that can be obtained, to be got remaining in the Colliery viz

whole coal Pillars A R P A R P In Birtley Fell 0 0 0 289 0 0 In Ayton Moor 67 0 0 12 0 0 Total 67 0 0 301 0 0

The Thickness of workable Coal in this Seam cannot be taken at more than 4 Ft 3 In and the produce of merchantable Coals may be Stated at 70 Tens per acre from the whole Coal District, in Ayton Banks. The 301 acres of Pillar Coal, cannot be considered available. The total expectancy of merchantable Coal from this Seam cannot prudently be calculated at more than 67 acres, producing 70 Tens per acre, or 4690 Tens in all. The Low-main whole coal Pillars A R P A R P In Birtley Fell 0 0 0 131 0 0 In Ayton Banks 53 0 0 28 0 0 Total 53 0 0 159 0 0

The thickness of Coal in this Seam is 3 Feet. It therefore contains 88 Tens per acre. But 1/6th may be deducted for loss underground and 1/5th for Small screened out at Bank. Then 88-1/6-1/5 = 58.66 but say 59 Tens the produce of merchantable Coals, from the whole Coal. In the Pillars 6/10ths of the Seam remain. But in working 1/4th may be deducted for Loss underground and 1/5th for Small screened out at Bank – leaving the

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Birtley Common &c. net produce of Merchantable Coals 31.68 but say 31½ Tens per Acre. Tens Then 52 acres of whole Coal at 59 = 3068 And 59 Do. of Pillars at 31½ = 5008½ Total expectancy from Low-main…..8076½

The Hutton Seam whole coal Pillars A R P A R P In Birtley Fell 0 0 0 253 0 0 In Ayton Banks 6 0 0 65 0 0 Total 6 0 0 318 0 0

The 253 acres of Pillars remaining in Birtley Fell, are the Old Crept Pillars already alluded to, and on which little value can be put, as their producing a sufficient quantity of merchantable Coal, to defray the expence of working them is problematical.

53 The reasonable expectancy, however, may be stated at 35 Tens per acre, or 8855 Tens in all. Tens The 6 acres of whole Coal in Ayton Banks, will produce of merchantable Coals…….475 The 65 acres of available Pillars in Ayton Banks, will probably yield 47 Tens }………3055 per acre, or } Quantity which may be reckoned on, with tolerable certainty……………………………..3530 Eventual Quantity from the old Pillars…………………………………………………………………..8855 Total expectancy from the Hutton Seam…………………………………………..…………………12385

Quantities collected Tens Maudlin Seam, total expectancy…………4690 Low-main Ditto …………8076½ Hutton Ditto ………..12385 Possible total expectancy ………..25151½ Doubtful in the Pillars of the Hutton }….8855 Seam } Probable quantity yet remaining to }….16296½ be worked from all the Seams }

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Birtley Common &c.

The assuming the annual vend to be 967 Tens which is the average of the actual vend, in 1835, 1836, and 1837 – being the only entire years work since Lord Ravensworth and Partners resumed the working of the Colliery, after Wade’s failure, the probable quantity to be had will supply that vend for nearly 17 years while the possible quantity would supply it for 26 years.

The Account of Coals Led from the Vale Pit, Mount Moor Colliery in the years 1835, 1836 and 1837.

1835…..18959 Chaldrons 1836…..18310 Ditto 1837…..15945 Ditto Total for 3 years………....53,214

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January 3d. 1838 Report on Wickham Manor ______

No change of impoprtance seems to have taken place in the revenue of the Manor during the year 1836 – except the demise by the Lessees of the Coal, under Dunston Haughs, to the Benwell Coal Co. who work it by outstroke from Benwell Colliery, through under the River Tyne. The extent of this Tract, as well as the quality of the Coal is very uncertain. So far as the Coal in the Beaumont Seam (which is the only workable Seam) has yet been explored, it is under 3 feet in thickness, the Coal is very tender and abounds in inflammable air and water. The Seam is intersected by a down-cast Slip Dyke to the South of 14 feet, and the chief inducement to the Benwell Co. to persevere in working the Seam, is the expectation of its improving beyond this Dyke. They pay a certain annual Rent of £800 to Lord Ravensworth & Co, and 22/6 per Ten for over workings. The Rent commenced on the 30th. June 1836, so that the first half year only became due on the 31st Decr. 1836. The best part of the Seams of Coal in this extensive manner [sic] have been worked off formerly, and as no records of the ancient workings, are forthcoming, as far as I know, it is difficult to form an estimate of what remains. The uppermost Seam, which lies near the surface, and crops out to the day at the West end of the Village of Whickham had been set fire to, by some means, or other, and burnt to a great extent at some remote period

54 NEIMME-Bud-20-p94 of which there is not to my Knowledge, any historical, or traditionary account. But the fact is well known, and the effects of the conflagration are still visible. During 1836 the lessees sunk a Pit, near the West end of Whickham, in the expectation of finding the lower Seams entire. But they were found to have all been worked, formerly. That tract of the Beaumont Seam under Dunston Haughs now let to the Benwell Co is of uncertain extent as it is not known, how far the Old People may have carried their workings in that direction. But it is supposed that they had not worked beyond the Shibdon Dyke which is a down-cast of 25 fathoms to the North. Should this be the case, the extent of Coal between the Dyke, and the River Tyne may be about 650 acres – but how much of it may be workable is very uncertain. It is by no means improbable that some of the lower Seams of Coal, may yet remain unwrought in the S. E. part of the manor, and that at some future period the Lessees will explore them. The only feasible prospect however of increasing the mine rental of the manor, lies in the success of the Benwell Co in working the Coal, under Dunston Haughs. The Account of the Receipts and Payments of the Manor, for the year 1836 which accompanies this Report, is a transcript from the Lessees Ledger, and contains, I believe a correct statement of all the Receipts, and disbursements of the Manor.

John Buddle

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Copy. – see next Page but one Datd. 4th Jany. 1786 David Dew and Geo: Brooks Esqs.} To } Lease of Colliery at Haven [or Haver] Close. Mr John Forster………………………….} ______

1st. Indorsement

We the within named D. D. and G. B. do hereby agree that it shall and may be lawful to and for the within named J. F. at the End of any 3 years during the within granted Term to avoid this present Indenture of Lease giving 6 Months previous Notice in Writing to us Oier, &c. And do also hereby agree that in Case the within recited Lease from the Ld. Bp. of Durham shall be renewed to us or our &c. to make and execute a further Lease or Demise of the within mentioned demised Premises unto the within named J. F. his &c. for the further Term of 3 years to commence from the Day of the Expiration of the within written Indenture under the yearly Rent of £144 and under and subject to the same Covenants Conditions Provisoes and Agreement as are within mentioned upon being required so to do by the sd. J. F. his &c. In Witness whereof the sd. D. D. and G. B. have hereunto set our hands the Day and Year first within written. Dan: Dew Witnesses Geo. Brooks Ann Greveson Edwd: Ball ______

2d. Indorsement

1787. Augt: 24. It is this Day agreed between the within named D. D. and G. B. and J. F. (with the Consent of the within named G. B.) that the said. J. F. shall have and possess all the Colliery Coalmines and Stone Quarries under the Copyhold Lands and Waste Grounds in the Township of Byers Green late in the Occupation of John Finley and to hold the same from Martinmas now next ensuing unto the full End and Term of the within Lease of the Black Boy Colliery granted to the said J. F. in Consideration that the sd. J. F. do from Martinmas aforesd: pay the annual reserved Rent payable to the Bp. of Durham upon the Colliery Lease partly within recited at the Times specified by the sd. Lease that is to say the Sum of £3.13s.4d. on the Feasts of the Purification of the blessed Virgin Mary, Pentecost, Lammas and St

55 Martin the Bp. in the Winter in equal Portions of £1.6s.8d for every Working Pit payable at St Martin the Bp. in Winter only. In Witness whereof the said Parties have hereunto set their Hands and Seals the Day first above written. In the Presence of Dan: Dew John Young John Forster

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From to have hold use occupy possess and enjoy all and singular the said demised Premises with their Bottom of and every of their Appurtenances without the Lett Suit Trouble Molestation Interruption Eviction 3d. Leaf next or Disturbance of the said D. D. and G. B. their &c. or any other Person or Persons lawfully claiming following or to claim by from or under or in Trust for them or any of them and also that it shall and may be this Page. lawful to and for the said J. F. his &c. (in case the said D. D. and G. B. their &c. shall not take the same at an Appraisement as before mentioned) at all Times on or before the 5th. Day of July next after the Expiration of the said Term to take lead and carry away sell and dispose of to his and their own proper Use and Uses all and every the Gins and Materials and the Coals which at the End or Expiration of the sd. Term shall be lying ready wrought and above Ground at any of the Pit or Pits of or belonging to the said Coalmines at his and their Will and Pleasure so as he and they lay their Coals on one Side of the Pits during their last 6 Months Working in Order to leave the other Side of the then working Pits for the next succeeding Tenant to lay his Coals drawn to Bank before the sd. 5th Day of July And that the said D. D. and G. B. their &c. nor the incoming Tenant or Tenants shall not until the sd. 5th Day of July next after the Determination of this Demise sell and dispose of any Coals which shall be by them or any of them won wrought or gotten forth and out of the said Coalmines to the End that the sd. D. D. & G. B. their &c. may not interfere with the said J. F. his &c. nor interrupt him or them in disposing of the sd. Coals lying above ground at the Determination of Sealed and the said Term until the sd. 5th Day of July then next ensuring such Determination provided also and delivered it is hereby expressly covenanted declared and agreed by and between all and every the sd. Parties (being first hereto that nothing in these Presents contained shall be meant or construed to extend hinder or legally obstruct the said D. D. & G. B. their &c. from holding using working and enjoying the Collieries and stamped) in Coalmines also belonging to them situate lying and being at Byars [sic] Green aforesaid and now the Presence tenanted by John Finlay & others in as full ample and beneficial Manner to all Intents & Purposes of Ann as they or any of them have heretofore done any thing hereinbefore contained to the Contrary Grieveson thereof in anywise notwithstanding In Witness whereof the sd. Parties to these Presents have Edwd. Ball. hereunto set their hands and Seals the Day and Year first above Written. Dan: Dew Geo: Brooks

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Copy Lease of Blackboy, &c. Collieries

This Indenture made the 4th. Day of January in the 26th Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord Geo. 3d. &c. and in the Year of our Lord 1786. Between Daniel Dew of Auckland Castle in the County of Durham Esq: and George Brooks of Greenstreet Grosvenor Square in the Parish of St. George Hanover Square in the County of Middlesex Esq: of the one Part and John Forster of Nafferton in the County of Northumberland Gent. of the other Part whereas the Rt. Revd: Father in God John Lord Bp of Durham by his Indre. of Lease bearing Date the 15th. Day of May in the Year of our Lord 1783 did demise grant and to farm lett unto Geo: Sutton Esquire & Geo: Hutchinson Mercht: their Exors, Admors and Assigns all those his Colls: Coalmines and Seams of Coal Also all those his the said Revd: Father’s Limestone and Limestone Quarries opened and not opened or thereafter to be opened won and gotten (not before demised to any other Person) within the Moors Commons Copyhold Customary Leasehold and Waste Grounds of Coundon Coundon Grange in the County of Durham and Byars Green within all and every the Leasehold Grounds called the Haver Close or Closes and Robinson’s Close otherwise the Whinny Leases late in the Possession of Nathaniel Peatirer [?] Esquire and theretofore of Margaret Wilson Widow and Elizabeth Spark Spinster both deceased or his and their Under-tenants or Assns and within all and every the Copyhold Customary Leasehold and Waste Grounds lying and being on the other Side of the River Gaunless from the Town of Bishop Auckland all which said Premises are situate lying and being within the Parish of St. Andrew Auckland aforesaid and within the Territories and Liberties of the same with full Power and Authority to dig sink and work Pit or Pits for the winning 56 obtaining or and getting of Coals Stone and Lime within the said Moors Commons Copyhold Customary Leasehold and Waste Grounds aforesaid or any Part of the thereby demised Premises with free Liberty to erect and make all Engines necessary for the avoiding of Water and Stythe and also to erect

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Hovels and Lodges for the Persons employed about the said Pits to dwell in with free Egress and Regress for all Manner of Persons & Carriages in and through all and every the Waste Grounds Copyhold Customary and Leasehold Grounds thereby demised at their Will and Pleasure with all other necessary Privileges and Appurtenances thereunto incident and belonging And also full Power Liberty & Authority to open cleanse and dress the Drifts Water Courses and Shafts which have already been made through Part of the Park at Auckland aforesd. for the Conveying of Water from the Collieries Coalmines in Haver Closes aforesaid to the River Gaunless at all Times when and so often as need should require To hold the same to the sd. George Sutton and George Hutchinson their Exors Admors and Assns from the Making thereof for and during and unto the full End and Term of 21 Years from thenceforth next and immediately following fully to be compleat and ended at and under the yearly Rents thereby reserved and subject to the Covenants and Agreements therein contained and whereas the said Coalmines Collieries and premises so demised as aforesaid have been since purchased of the said George Sutton and George Hutchinson by the said Dan: Dew and Geo. Brooks Now this Indre. witnesseth that for and in Consideration of the Rents and Covenants hereinafter reserved mentioned and contained on the Part and Behalf of the said John Forster his Exors Admors and Assns to be paid done and performed and for divers other good Causes and Considerations thereunto moving they the said D. D. & G. B. have demised sett and to farm lett and by these Presents do demise sett and to farm let unto the said John Forster his Exors Admors and Assns All that Messuage called the Black Boy and also all those Coalmines Collieries and Seams of Coal Limestone Limestone Quarries and Lime Kilns as well opened as not opened and hereafter to be opened won and gotten (not heretofore demised by Robert Preston to John Finlay and others situate Byars Green in the said County of Durham) within the Moors Commons Copyhold Customary Leasehold and Waste Grounds of Coundon and Coundon Grange aforesaid and within all and every the said Closes called Haver

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Close or Closes and Robinson’s Close otherwise the Whinney Leases and within all and every the Copyhold Customary Leasehold and Waste Grounds lying and being on the other side of the said River Gaunless from the Town of Bishop Auckland in the said County of Dm. within the Townsp of Bondgate in Auckland Together with full Power and Authority to dig sink and work Pit or Pits for the winning obtaining and getting of Coals and Lime within the sd. Moors &c. &c aforesaid or any part of the said Premises in as full ample and beneficial Manner to all Intents and Purposes as were granted or demised to the said G. S. & G. H. by the said Ld. Bp in and by the said in Part recited Indure of Lease (same as aforesaid) To have and to hold the sd. Messuage Collieries Seams of Coal Limestone Limestone Quarries Lime Kilns Liberties and Privileges above in and by these Presents demised with their Appurtenances (except before excepted) unto the said J. F. his &c. &c. from the Making hereof for and during and unto the full End and Term of 18 Years from thenceforth next and immediately following fully to be compleat and ended Yielding and paying therefore yearly and every Year during the first three years of the sd. Term unto the said D. D. and G. B. their &c. the Sum of £100 of lawful Money of Great Britain and during the remaining 15 Years of the said Term the Sum of £144 of &c. at 4 Days or Times in the Year (i.e.) On the 4th Ap. the 4th July the 4th. October and the fourth Day of January in every Year by even and equal Portions the first Payment thereof to begin and to be made on the 4th. Day of April next and so successively every 3 Months during the said Term except the last of the said Payments which is hereby agreed to be paid on the 4th. Day of October next before the end of the said Term provided always nevertheless that if the said yearly Rent or any part thereof shall be behind and unpaid by the space of 20 Days next over or after any of the said Days or Times of Payment whereat the same ought to be paid as aforesaid (the same being lawfully demanded) then and in such Case it shall be and may be lawful to and for the said D. D. G. B. their &c. &c. into and upon all and singular the said Premises to enter

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[Continued from p. 99, ‘Copy Lease of Blackboy, &c. Collieries‘]

57 and distrain and the Distress or Distresses then and there found to take lead and carry away sell and dispose of until the said Rent and Rents Sum and Sums of Money which shall so happen to be in Arrear and unpaid and also the Costs and Charges of such Distress and Sale be satisfied and paid rendering the Overplus (if any) to the said J. F. his &c. any thing hereinbefore contained to the Contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding and the said John Forster for himself his &c. &c. doth hereby covenant promise and agree to and with the sd. D. D. & G. B. their &c. that the sd. J. F. his &c. or some of them shall and will well & truly pay or cause to be paid unto the said D. D. & G. B. their &c. the said yearly Rent of £100 for the first 3 Years and the said £144 for the remaining 15 Years before reserved and agreed to be paid at such Day or Times and in such Sort Manner and Form as is hereinbefore mentioned and expressed for Payment thereof And also shall and will pay and discharge all Cesses and Taxes as well parochial or parliamentary as shall become due or payable in Respect of the said demised Premises during the sd. Term And also shall and will from Time to Time during the sd. Term make a Recompence and Satisfaction to the Owners and Occupiers of the Lands and Grounds where the said Collieries shall be dug and wrought for the Damage which shall be occasioned to the Herbage and Soil by the Winning and Working the same Collieries or exercising any of the Powers & Privileges hereby demised And also that he the said J. F. his &c. shall and will work the said Collieries and Coalmines during the said Term fairly and orderly and keep up the Water Courses and leave sufficient pillars of Coal or Stone to uphold and support the Roof thereof so as to prevent any Thrust coming upon the said Collieries or any part thereof or upon any of the Drifts Levels or Water Courses which are or shall be thought necessary or convenient by the Judgment of two indifferent Persons one to be chosen by the said D. D. & G. B. their &c. and the other by the said J. F. his &c. to be kept and continued open and upstanding provided that the Pillars may be wrought in all places where no Water Course are necessary to be kept open as aforesaid And shall not by himself or his Agents or Workmen do or commit or

NEIMME-Bud-20-p101 willingly or willingly suffer to be done or committed any wilful or neglectful Act or Thing whereby the said Collieries or Coalmines or any Part thereof shall or may be drowned with Water from any Waste in the said Collieries And that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said D. D. and G. B. their &c. or any Viewer or Viewers or any other Person or Persons skilled in Collieries and employed by the said D. D. and G. B. their &c. or some of them at any Time or Times during the Continuance of the said Term when any of the said Pit or Pits of the said Colliery is are or shall be at work to ride and descend by the Ropes Rollers and other Engines into all or any of the said Pits or Shafts of or belonging to the said Collieries or by any other Ways or Means to get into and view and inspect the Workings of the said Collieries and Coalmines thereby to be the better informed of the due and regular Course of the Workings thereof and by the same Ways and Means again to ascend and come up at the Pits and Shafts or otherwise as they or either of them shall think fit And also when and so often as any of the Pits or Shafts of the said Collieries shall be given over Working and be disused and the Timber and Materials thereof shall be drawn and pulled up He the said J. F. his &c. shall and will at his and their own proper Costs and Charges fill up and level such Pit or Pits and the Pit heaps thereof and when and as soon as disused shall be fenced about until filled up And shall and will at the End and Expiration or other sooner Determination of the said Term of 18 Years yield and deliver up unto the said D. D. and G. B. their &c. quiet and peaceable possession of the said Messuage Collieries Coalmines and Quarries together with the several working Shafts and Pits thereof and also the Drifts or Levels and Water Courses well and sufficiently timbered free and open and upstanding And that the said D. D. & G. B. their &c. or his or their incoming or succeeding Tenant or Tenants shall then have the Option of taking the Gins Materials and other Effects of the said J. F. his &c. used and employed in and about the said Collieries Coalmines and Quarries or any Part thereof and the Coals that shall be then wrought and lying above Ground at a fair Valuation to be put upon the same by two indifferent Persons one to be chosen by the said Daniel D. & G. B. their &c &c.

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his or their incoming or succeeding Tenant or Tenants and the other by the said J. F. his &c. And in Case the said D. D. and G. B. their &c. shall require more Pits and Shafts than the then working Pits to be so left open and timbered and shall give to the said John Forster his &c. One Months Notice of such their Desire or Request then they the sd. D. D. & G. B. their &c. shall make and pay to the said John Forster his &c. a reasonable Recompence and Satisfaction for the Timber & Materials so left in the said last mentioned Pits so required to be left open the Quantum and Value thereof to be ascertained (in Case the Parties differ about the same) by two indifferent Persons one of them to be named and appointed by the sd. D. D. and G. B. their &c. 58 and the other by the said John Forster his &c. provided always and it is hereby declared and agreed that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said D. D. and G. B. their &c. from Time to Time and at all Times during the Continuance of this Demise to make and drive Drifts Levels or Water Courses as they or any of them shall think fit and proper for new Winning the said Collieries and Coalmines in order that the said Collieries may be ready to work at the Expiration of the said Term provided that the sd. J. F. &C. be thereby no Way injured or obstructed in Working the said Collieries during the Term hereby demised and the said J. F. doth hereby for himself &c. further covenant promise and agree to and with the said D. D. and G. B. their &c. that he the sd. J. F. his &c. shall and will during the said Term keep and at the Expiration thereof leave yield and deliver up to the sd. D. D. and G. B. their &c. all the Working Shafts which shall for the last six Months of the said Term be used or employed in or about the said hereby demised Premises And also during the said Term keep and at the Expiration thereof leave the said Messuage Buildings and the rest of the said demised Premises in good repair and the sd. D. D. & G. B. do hereby for themselves their &c. covenant and agree to and with the said J. F. his See the Remdr. &c. that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said J. F. his &c. paying the Rents hereby [?] on the Page reserved and performing the Covenants herein contained on his and their Parts to be paid done before this and performed at all Times during the Continuance of the said Term hereby demised peaceably begins! and quietly

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This Indenture made the 15th. Day of May in the 30th. Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord Geo: the 3rd. by the Grace of God of Great Brit. France & Ireland King Defender of the Faith & so forth and in the Year of our Lord 1790 Bet: the Right Revd. Father in God Thos. by the Grace of God Lord Bishop of Durham of the one Part and Geo: Brooks of Green Street Grosvenor Square in the Parh. of Saint Geo: Hanover Square in the Co: of Middlesex Esq: of the other part Witnesseth that the sd. Revd. Father for divers good Causes & Considerations him thereunto moving Hath demised granted and to farm letten and by these Presents for himself & his Successors Doth demise grant d to farm lett unto the sd. Geo: Brooks his Exors Admors & Assigns All those his Collieries Coalmines and Seams of Coal Also all that his the sd. Revd. Fathers Limestone & Limestone Quarries opened & not opened or hereafter to be opened won & gotten (not before demised to any other person) within the Moors Commons Copyhold Customary Leasehold & Waste Grounds of Coundon Grainge & Byers Green & within all & every the Leasehold Grounds called the Haver Close or Closes and Robinson’s Close otherwise the Whinney Leazes late in the possession of Nathaniel Pewterer Esq: & heretofore of Margt. Wilson Widow & Eliz: Spark Spinster both deceased or his & their Undertenants or Assigns & within all & every the Copyhold Customary Leasehold & Waste Grounds lying & being on the other side of the River Ganless [sic] from the Town of Bishop Auckland within the Township of Bondgate in Bishop Auckland all which sd. demised premes [sic] are sit: lying & being within the par: of Saint Andrew Auckland in the Co: of Dm. & within the Territories or Liberties of the same with full power & Authority to dig sink & work such pitt or pitts for the winning obtaining & getting of Coals Stone & Lime within the sd. Moors Commons Copyhold Customary Leasehold & Waste Grounds aforesaid or any part of the hereby demised premises with free Liberty to erect and make all Engines necessary for the avoiding of Water & Styth & also erect Hovels & Lodges for the persons employed about the sd. Pitts to dwell in & free Egress & Regress for all manner of Persons & Carriages in & through all & every the Waste Grounds Copyhold Customary & Leasehold Grounds hereby demised at their Will & Pleasure with all other necessary priviledges & Appurtenances thereunto incident & belonging & also

NEIMME-Bud-20-p103a full Power Liberty & Authority at all reasonable Times (such times being first approved by the Keeper of Auckland Castle for the time being) to open cleanse and dress the Drifts or Water Courses and Shafts which have already been made through part of the park at Auckland aforesaid for the conveying of Water from the Collieries or Coalmines in Haver Closes aforesaid to the River Gaunless at all times when and so often as need shall require To have and to hold all & singular the above demised premises with their & every of their Appurtenances whatsoever unto the sd. Geo: Brooks his Exors Admors & Assigns from the making hereof for and during unto the full End & Term of twenty one Years from thenceforth next immediately following fully to be compleat and ended yielding paying therefore yearly during the said Term unto the sd. Revd. Father & his Successors or to his or their Receiver General or Assignee for the Time being at or in the Exchequer at Durham the Rent or Sum of Three Pounds thirteen Shillings & four Pence of lawful Mo: of Great Brit: (that is to say) for the Coalmines & Limestone Quarries within the Moors Commons 59 Copyhold Customary Leasehold & Waste Grounds of Coundon, Coundon Grainge & Byers Green the yearly Rent or Sum of two Pounds six Shillings & eight Pence & within & for the Copyhold Customary Leasehold & Waste Grounds lying & being in Bondgate in Auckland the yearly Rent or Sum of one Pound six Shillings & eight Pence at the feasts of Lammas Saint Martin the Bishop in Winter the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary & Pentecost by even & equal portions without Deduction or Abatement for any manner of Taxes or Assesses either by Act of Parliament or otherwise howsoever And also yielding & paying over and besides the sd. yearly Rent of three Pounds thirteen Pound Shillings & four Pence to the sd. Receiver General or Assignee of the Bishop of Durham for the time being for every pitt whereat Coals shall be won & vended the yearly rent of one Pound six Shillings & eight Pence of like lawful Money of Great Brit: at the Feast of Saint Martin the Bishop in Winter only And if it happen that the said yearly Rents or either or any of them or any

NEIMME-Bud-20-p103b part thereof be behind or unpaid by the Space of twenty days next after any of the said Feasts or Days at which the same ought to be paid as aforesd. that then & from thenceforth this present Indenture to be utterly void & of none effect anything herein contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding Provided that he the sd. Geo: Brooks his Exors Admors & Assigns shall & will during the sd. Term well and orderly work the sd. pitt or pitts in such good manner & sort as other pitts belonging to the sd. Revd. Father in the sd. County are or ought to be wrought And also shall & will during the sd. Term duly & truly do & perform unto the sd. Revd. Father his Successors all such Custom & Duties & Services as for the sd. demised Premises have been accustomed or of right ought to be done & performed In Witness whereof the Parties abovesd. to these present Indentures have interchangeably set their hands & Seals the Day & Year first above written.

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13th. Jany. 1788

Thomas Bp of Durham to Chrisr. Fawcett Esq:

Copy of Lease of Coalmines &c at Newbottle & Houghton le Spring

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This Indre made the 13th. Day of January in the 28th year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord Geo: 3d. by the Grace of God of Great Brit: France & Ireland King Defender of the Faith & so forth & in the year of our Lord 1788 between the Right Reverend Father in God Thos. by the Grace of God Ld. Bp. of Dm. of the one part & Chrisr. Fawcett of the Town & County of NCastle upon Tyne Esq: of the other part Witnesseth that the sd. Revd. Father for divers good Causes & Considerations him thereunto moving Hath demised granted and to farm letten & by these presents Doth for himself & his Successors demise grant and to farm lett unto the sd. Chrisr. Fawcett his Exors Admors and Assigns All those his Mines of Coal & also all and all manner of his Quarries of Lime & Stone as well opened as not opened or hereafter to be opened won & gotten within the Wastes Commons Copyhold & Leasehd. Grounds belonging to the Revd. Father & his Successors within the Territories & precincts of the Townships of Newbottle & Houghton le Spring in the Co: of Dm. with free leave & Liberty to work dig & sink pitt or pitts for the winning obtaining & getting of Coals Stone & Lime within the sd. Wastes Commons Copyhd. & Leasehd. Grounds as also free leave & liberty of passage for all manner of persons & Carriages to & from the sd. pitt of pitts thro’ all the waste Grods. & Commons belongg. to the sd. Revd. Father & his successors with full power & Authority to erect Hovels & Lodges for the necessary winning & getting of Coals there & all other Rights privileges & Appurts. incident & belonging to the same To have and to hold all & singular the said Mines of Coal & pitts or Quarries of Lime & Stone as well opened as not opened with all Rights Privileges & Appurts. thereunto belongg. unto the sd. Chrisr. Fawcett his Exors Admors & Assigns from the making hereof for & during & unto the full End & Term of twenty one Years from thenceforth next and immediately following fully to be compleat & ended & run Yielding and paying therefore yearly during the said Term unto the sd. Reverend Father and his Successors or to his or their Receiver General or Assignee for the Time being at or in the

60 Exchequer at Durham the yearly Rent or sum of 20 Shillings of lawful Mo: of Great Brit: for the sd. Quarries of Lime & Stone (that is to say) ten Shillings yearly for the sd. Quarries within the Township of Newbottle & the other 10 Shills. yearly for the sd. Quarries within the Township of Houghton le Spring at the Feasts of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary Pentecost Lammas & Saint Martin the Bishop in Winter by even & equal portions And also yieldg. & payg. at the place & time aforesd. to the sd. Father & his Successors yearly for every Shaft & pitt of

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Coals which shall be wrought and won in any part of the sd. Demised Premes within the sd. Township Territories & precincts of Newbottle the full and just sum of six & twenty Shills. & eight pence And also yeildg. & payg. at the place and times aforesaid to the sd. Revd. Father & his Successors yearly for every shaft & pitt of Coals which shall be wrought and won within that part of the sd. premes within the said Township Territories & precincts of Houghton le Spring the full and just sum of six & twenty Shills. & eight pence And also yielding & paying at the place & Time aforesaid to the sd. Revd. Father & his Successors yearly for the Main Coal Seam that is now or shall be hereafter won in either of the sd. Townships of Newbottle & Houghton le Spring aforesd. the further sum of £40..0..0 of lawful Money of Great Brit: by even & equal portions on the several Feasts Days abovementioned the first payment thereof & of the Rents aforesd. to begin & be made on the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary next ensuing the date hereof And if any of the Yearly Rents aforesaid or any part thereof be behind & unpaid by the space of twenty Days next after any of the sd. Feasts or Days at which the same ought to be paid as aforesd. that then & from thenceforth this present Indre to be utterly void & of none Effect any thing herein contained to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding And the sd. Chrisr. Fawcett for himself his Exors Admors & Assigns doth covenant promise & agree to & with the sd. Revd. Father & his Successors in manner following (that is to say) that the sd. Chrisr. Fawcett his Exors Admors & Assigns shall & will during the sd. Term well & truly pay or cause to be paid unto the sd. Revd. Father & his Successors the sd. several yearly Rents & sums of Mo: hereinbefore respectively reserved & made payable on the Feasts or Days of Payment aforesd. or within 21 Days next ensuing any of the sd. Feasts or Days by even & equal portions in manner & form aforesd. without Deduction or Abatement for or in Respect of any Taxes or Assesses already or hereafter to be charged by any Act or Acts of Parliament or otherwise howsoever And the sd. Chrisr. Fawcett his Exors Admors & Assigns shall & will during the sd. Term well & orderly work the sd. pitt or pitts in such good manner & sort as other pitts belonging to the sd. Revd. Father within the sd. County are usually or ought to be wrought And that it shall & may be lawful to & for the Agents Viewers & Servants of the sd. Revd. Father & his Successors from time to time & at all times during the continuance of the sd. Term of 21 Years at their Wills & pleasures without any Interruption from or Notice to the sd. Chrisr. Fawcett his Exors Admors & Assigns or his or their or any of their Agents or Servants to ride & descend all & every or any of the pitt or pitts shaft or shafts out of which the Coals to be wrought by Virtue of the presents are to be drawn & brought to bank & to use the

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Ropes Rollers & other usual Materials there of the sd. Chris: Fawcett his Exors Admors or Assigns for that purpose & for their safe Return forth & out of the said pitt or pitts Shaft or Shafts to the Intent to view inspect line & survey the Colliery & Workings thereof so as such Viewers thereof be no more than two at any one view in any one Day & and so as they do not thereby obstruct the working of the sd. Colliery or drawing the Coals out to bank more than Necessity requires for that purpose And that the sd. Chris: Fawcett his Exors Admors & Assigns shall & will do & perform unto the sd. Revd. Father & his Successors all such Customs Duties & Services as for the sd. demised premises have been accustomed or of right ought to be done & performed In witness whereof the parties abovesd. to these present Indres have interchangeably set their hands & Seals the Day & Year first above written.

Test. Chr. Fawcett Samuel Castle [Bishop’s seal]

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This Indenture made the twelfth Day of May in the twentieth Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Second by the Grace of God of Great Britain France & Ireland King defender of the faith and so forth & in the Year of our Lord One thousand Seven Hundred & forty seven Between the Rt. Reved Father in God Edward by the Grace of God Ld. Bpp of Durham of the One part and Sr. Henry Liddell of Ravensworth Castle in the County of Durham Bart. &

61 Nicholas Fenwick of the Town & County of Newcastle upon Tyne Esqr. of the other part wittnesseth [sic] that the sd. Reved. Father in Consideration that the sd. Sr. Henry Lyddell & Nicholas Fenwick have surrendred [sic] & Yeilded [sic] up into his Ld. pps hands all their Estate and Interest in & to the Coalmines & Collierys here in after mentioned with their Appr.tanes [sic] Together with one Indenture of Lease bearing Date the ninth Eight Day of June in the Year of our Ld. One thousand Seven Hundred & twenty seven made of the same Coalmines & Collierys & other the Pr.mises herein after named Between the Rt. Reved. Father in God William then Ld. Bpp of Durham of the One part and George Lyddell of Ravensworth Castle in the County of Durham Esqr. & Nicholas Fenwick of the Town & County of Newcastle upon Tyne Alderman of the other part for the Lives of Christopher Clark Son of Christopher Clark of Ravensworth aforesd. in the sd. County of Durham yeom. Aged then about twenty years John Buck son of John Buck son of Francis Buck of Street Gate within the Chapilry [sic] of Lamesly yeom. Aged then about twenty Eight years and Thomas Buck another son of the said Francis Buck Aged then about twenty four Years. And the Life of the longest Liver of them wch. sd. Thomas Buck is now dead. And in Consideration of a Competent Sum of Money to the sd. Ld. Bpp in hand paid by the sd. Sr. Henry Liddell & Nicholas Fenwick for & in the Name of a fine & for divers other good Causes & Consideration him the sd. Ld. Bpp. hereunto moving hath demised Granted & to farm Letten & by these Pr.sents for him & his Successors Doth demise Grant to farmletten unto the sd. Sr. Henry Lyddell & Nicholas Fenwick their heirs & asss. All that part of the Coalmines in the Same Mine Opened & not Opened belonging to the See &Bpprick of Durham within the Parish of Chester in the Street in the County of Durham between the Waters of Blackburn & Tame (that is to say) on the South Side of the Water Blackburn as the sd. Water divided the Ld. pps territories & parishes of Whickham & Chester in the sd. County & so Southward throughout all & every part of the sd. Mines as

NEIMME-Bud-20-p105a the Same extends in and through the great Moor or waste thereto adjoining unto the North Side of the Water River of Tame. And free Liberty to dig Sink & Break Ground between the sd. Moor or Waste as well for the diging [sic] of Coal Pitts as many as shall please them the sd. Sr. Henry Lyddell & Nicholas Fenwick & their heirs & their heirs asss. & for diging & Winning of Coals there as for drawing & Winning of Water And making of Water Gates & all other Usefull & Convenient Works for getting of Coals and free Passage for Water & Priviledges of & for Carriages with Convenient heap room for laying of Coals on above Ground Won or to be won or Gotten in the Same or and every or any part thereof And free Way leave to or from the sd. Pitt or Pitts for Carrying & Conveying away the sd. Coals To have & to hold the sd. Coalmines & Coal Pitts Liberties priviledges & all & Singular the sd. Pr.misses hereby granted Granted with the Appr.tances unto the sd. Sr. Henry Lyddell & Nicholas Fenwick their heir heirs & asss. from the making this Pr.sent Lease Indenture or Grant for & during the Nrall Lives of the sd. Christopher Clark son of the sd. Christopher Clark of Ravensworth aforesd. in the sd. County of Durham Yeom Aged now about forty years John Buck son of the sd. Francis Buck late of Street Gate within the Chapelry Of Lamesly in the sd. County of York but now of Garrick Spaw of the Parish of Shelton in the County of York Yeom Aged now about Forty Eight Years And of Henry Atkinson Son of Henry Atkinson of Newcastle upon Tyne Hoastman Aged about thirty three years & the life of longest Liver of them Yeilding & Paying therefore Yearly during the sd. Term unto the sd. Reved. Father & his Successors or to the hands of his or their Receiver General or assignes for the time being att the Exchequer at Durham for every Pitt at which the sd. Sr. Henry Lyddell & Nicholas Fenwick or their heirs or assigns or the Survivors or Survivor of them shall therein Open Winn Work & draw Coals According after the Usuall Rate of Workmanship in Collierys so long as they do or may so winn draw or get Coals within the same the Yearly Rent of twenty pounds of lawfull Money of great Britain at the feasts of Pentecost Lamas St. Martin the Bpp in Winter & the Purification of our blessed Lady St. Mary the Virgin by even & equal portions without deduction or abatemt. for any Manner of Taxes or assesses either by Act of Parliamt. or otherwise howsoever And the sd. Reved. Father for himself & his Successors doth Covenant & Grant by these Pr.sents to & with the sd. Sr. Henry Lyddell & Nicholas Fenwick their heirs & Assignes that the sd. Sr. Henry Lyddell & Nicholas Fenwick their heirs & asss. & the Survivor or Survivors of them shall & May from time to

NEIMME-Bud-20-p105b time & at all during the sd. Term have & take Sufficient Wood for the making Timbring [sic] & Maintaining & Upholding of the sd. Shafts drifts Pitts Watergates Houses & Lodges over the Pitts & for the Workmen to dwell in and also Watles [sic] and Wands for Corves fitt & Necessary to be Used & occupied about the Coalmines pitt & pitts there to be had & taken in the Woods of the sd. Reved. Father & his Successors next adjoining to the sd. Coalmines & Pitts at the sight & with & by the delivery of his & their officers & keepers of the sd. wood for the time being And the sd. Sr. Henry Lyddell & Nicholas Fenwick for themselves their heirs & assigns do by these Pr.sents Covenant promise Grant & agree to & with the sd. Reved. Father & his Successors That they the sd. Sr. Henry Lyddell & Nicholas Fenwick their 62 heirs & asss. shall at all times during the sd. term well & orderly work sink & digg for Coals within the sd. Pr.misses without making any Voluntary or Wilfull waste upon or within the said Coalmines by not leaving sufficient Pillars or breaking down the Pillars or timber Wood or any other Unorderly Workmanshipp to be Voluntarily had made or used within the same att any time during the sd. term whereby the said Coalmines may be Utterly overthrown Waiste and rowned [sic] And itt shall & may be lawfull to & for the sd. Reved. Father from time to time during the said term of the Viewer Surveyor or Officer of the sd. Reved. Father & his Successors to view & survey the sd. Mines or Pitts there to be wrought and won the Manner & Order of working thereof att the Will & Pleasure of the sd. Reved. Father & his Successors And the sd. Reved. Father doth by these Pr.sents constitute and appoint Ralph Unthank of Hedley within the County of Durham Yeom & John Leaton of Marley Hill in the sd. County Gent. Attorney and Attorneys Jointly & Severally for him & in his Name to take possession and Seizin of the sd. Coalmines Granted by these Pr.sents & after such Possession & Seizin so taken thereof to deliver Seizin & Possession to the sd. Sr. Henry Lyddell & Nicholas Fenwick or either of them on the Behalf of both of them or to their or either of their lawfull Attorney or Attorneys in that behalf according to the tenure of this

NEIMME-Bud-20-p105c deed or Grant ratifying Confirming & allowing whatsoever the Attorneys or either of them shall lawfully do in & about the sd. Pr.misses In Witness whereof the Parties abovesd. to these Pr.sents here Interchangeably sett their hands & seals the Day and Year first written. Henry Liddell Nich. Fenwick

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-A- Ayton-moor 84

-B- Blackburn Colliery 13, Bedlington 20, 21, 40, Birtley Common 27, 84 Black-boy 38,

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-C- Charlaw Colliery 17 Coxhoe Colliery 19, 28, Confirmation of Leases let by the Incumbents of Durham 64,

-D-

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-E- Etherley, Bitchburn & Brussleton 65

-F- Findon Hill 36

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63 -G- Greenfield Colliery 10, Grewburn & Lynesack 12, Gateshead Manor 33, 51,

-H- Harbour moor 36

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-I, J-

-K-

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-L- Lanchester Common 6, 15, 16, 49

-M-

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-N-

-O-

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-P- Pontop Pike Colliery, Pa 2, 6, Pelton Fell 31, 39

-Q-

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-R-

-S- Sleekburn 40 47, Sheriff Hill Colliery 53,

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-T- Tanfield Lieth 39, 45

-U- NEIMME-Bud-20-p117

-V-

-W- Whickham Manor 23, 93 Whitburn 38

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