DOCSLIB.ORG

ASHP Guidelines: Minimum Standard for Pharmacies in Hospitals

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ASHP Guidelines: Minimum Standard for Pharmacies in Hospitals Practice Settings–Guidelines 617 ASHP Guidelines: Minimum Standard for Pharmacies in Hospitals Purpose services throughout the hospital, which every member of the pharmacy team should cultivate at every opportunity. The following minimum standard guidelines are intended to serve as a basic guide for the provision of pharmacy services A. Pharmacy and Pharmacist Services in hospitals. These guidelines outline a minimum level of Pharmacy Mission, Goals, and Scope of Services. The services that most hospital pharmacy departments should pharmacy shall have a written mission statement that reflects consistently provide. The reader is strongly encouraged to both patient care and operational responsibilities. Other as- review the American Society of Health-System Pharmacy pects of the pharmacy’s mission may require definition as (ASHP) guidance documents referenced throughout these well (e.g., educational and research responsibilities). The guidelines for more detailed descriptions. Certain elements mission statement shall be consistent with the mission of the of these guidelines may be applicable to other health care hospital and, if applicable, aligned with the health system of settings or may be useful in evaluating the scope and quality which the hospital is a component. The development, priori- of pharmacy services. tization, and implementation of the pharmacy’s goals should be consistent with the mission statement. Determination of Elements of Care short- and long-term goals and the undertaking of imple- mentation activities should be performed in collaboration with institutional leadership and other hospital staff (e.g., The mission of pharmacists is to help people make the pharmacy, nursing, and medical staff), and these should be best use of medications.1 Therefore, pharmacists shall be integrated with the goals of the hospital. The mission state- concerned with not only the provision but the outcomes of ment may also incorporate consensus-based national goals, pharmacy services. The elements of pharmacy services that such as those expressed in the recommendations from the are critical to safe, effective, and cost-conscious medica- 2 ASHP Pharmacy Practice Model Initiative. tion use in a hospital include (1) practice management, (2) The pharmacy shall also maintain a written document medication-use policy development, (3) optimizing medica- describing the scope of pharmacy services. These services tion therapy, (4) drug product procurement and inventory should be consistent with the hospital’s scope of services and management, (5) preparing, packaging, and labeling medi- should be applied throughout the hospital in all practice sites. cations, (6) medication delivery, (7) monitoring medication The mission, goals, and scope of services shall be use, (8) evaluating the effectiveness of the medication-use clearly communicated to everyone involved in the provision system, and (9) research. Although the scope of pharmacy of pharmacy services, including pharmacists, residents, stu- services will vary from site to site, depending upon the needs dents, technicians, and support staff. of patients and the hospital as well as the resources avail- able, these core elements are inextricably linked to success- 24-Hour Pharmacy Services. Adequate hours of opera- ful outcomes. Failure to provide any of these services may tion for the provision of needed pharmacy services shall be compromise the quality of patient care. maintained; 24-hour pharmacy services should be provided when possible. Twenty-four hour pharmacy services should Terminology be employed in all hospitals with clinical programs that require intensive medication therapy (e.g., transplant pro- In these guidelines, the term “shall” is used to indicate a grams, open-heart surgery programs, neonatal intensive care minimum standard of practice set forth in this document, in units, and trauma centers). When 24-hour pharmacy ser- other ASHP policies, or in requirements established by laws, vices are not feasible, a pharmacist shall be available on an regulations, accrediting bodies, or other binding authorities. on-call basis. Remote medication order processing may be The term “should” is used to indicate a best practice that is employed (to the extent permitted by law and regulation) to strongly encouraged by ASHP but which may not be appli- help provide pharmacy services but is not a substitute for an cable to all institutions or in all circumstances. on-call pharmacist.3 Automated drug dispensing equipment and computer databases are also not a substitute for the skills Standard I. Practice Management and knowledge of a pharmacist and should not be considered alternatives to 24-hour pharmacy services.4 Effective leadership and practice management skills are necessary for the delivery of pharmacy services in a manner After-Hours Pharmacy Access. In the absence of 24-hour consistent with the hospital’s and patients’ needs. Such lead- pharmacy services, access to a limited supply of medica- ership should foster continuous improvement in patient care tions shall only be available to authorized, licensed health outcomes. The management of pharmacy services should care professionals for use in carrying out urgent medica- focus on the pharmacist’s responsibilities as a patient care tion orders. Access to such medications shall be carefully provider and leader of the pharmacy enterprise through the monitored and documented, and after-hours access shall development of organizational structures that support that be reviewed regularly to ensure appropriate use. The list of mission. Development of such structures will require com- medications to be accessible and the policies and procedures munication and collaboration with other departments and to be used (including subsequent review of all activity by a 618 Practice Settings–Guidelines pharmacist) shall be developed by a multidisciplinary com- response (including evacuation), and the facility’s business mittee of physicians, pharmacists, and nurses (e.g., by the continuity plan shall include procedures for providing safe pharmacy and therapeutics [P&T] committee or its equiva- and efficient pharmacy services in case of emergencies. lent).5 Access to medications should be limited to cases in Appropriately trained pharmacists should be members of which the P&T committee (or its equivalent) determines emergency preparedness teams and participate in applicable that the urgent clinical need for the medication outweighs preparations and drills.7 The pharmacy shall establish, in the potential risks of making the medication accessible. The conjunction with the hospitalwide emergency plan, policies potential safety risks of medications should be considered and procedures for the safe and orderly evacuation of phar- in the decision to make them accessible, and medications, macy personnel in the event of an emergency in the hospital. quantities, dosage forms, and container sizes that might en- danger patients should be limited whenever possible. Medical Emergencies. The pharmacy shall participate in Routine after-hours access to the pharmacy by non- hospital decisions about the contents of code carts, emer- pharmacists for access to medications shall not be permit- gency medication kits and trays, and the role of pharma- ted. The use of well-designed night cabinets, after-hours cists in medical emergencies. Pharmacists should serve on medication carts, automated dispensing devices,6 and other cardiopulmonary resuscitation teams, and such pharma- methods precludes the need for nonpharmacists to enter the cists should receive appropriate training and maintain ap- pharmacy.4 propriate certifications (e.g., Basic Life Support, Advanced Cardiopulmonary Life Support, Pediatric Acute Life Practice Standards and Guidelines. The standards and Support). regulations of all relevant government bodies (e.g., state boards of pharmacy, departments of health) shall be met. Immunization Programs. The pharmacy shall participate The practice standards and guidelines of ASHP, appropri- in the development of hospital policies and procedures ate accrediting bodies (e.g., Joint Commission, American concerning preventive and postexposure immunization pro- Osteopathic Association Healthcare Facilities Accreditation grams for patients and hospital employees.8 When practi- Program, Det Norske Veritas), and the Centers for Medicare cal, pharmacists should participate as active immunizers for and Medicaid Services shall be viewed as applicable, and the hospital and health-system-based preventive immunization hospital should strive to meet all applicable standards. programs (e.g., influenza). B. Laws and Regulations Substance Abuse Programs. The pharmacy shall assist in Applicable local, state, and federal laws and regulations the development of and participate in hospital substance shall be met, and relevant documentation of compliance abuse education, prevention, identification, treatment, and shall be maintained. employee assistance programs.9 C. Policies and Procedures D. Human Resources Policy and Procedures Manual. There shall be a policy and Position Descriptions. Areas of responsibility within the procedures manual governing pharmacy functions (e.g., ad- scope of pharmacy services shall be clearly defined. The ministrative, operational, and clinical), and all pharmacy responsibilities and related competencies of professional personnel shall follow those policies and procedures. The and supportive personnel shall be clearly defined in written manual may include a statement
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Individuals' Use of Online Medical Records and Technology for Health
    ONC Data Brief ■ No. 40 ■ April 2018 Individuals’ use of online medical records and technology for health needs Vaishali Patel, MPH PhD & Christian Johnson, MPH 1 Individuals’ electronic access and use of their health information will be critical towards enabling individuals to better monitor their health as well as manage and coordinate their care. Past efforts sought to provide individuals the capabilities to view, download, and transmit their patient health information. Building on these efforts, the 21st Century Cures Act (Cures Act) includes provisions to improve patients’ access and use of their electronic health information via a single, longitudinal format that is secure and easy to understand.1 The Cures Act also calls for patients to be able to electronically share their information. Online access to medical records, such as through patient portals, enable patients and caregivers to access their health information. Mobile health apps and devices connected to a providers’ electronic health record system using open application programming interfaces (APIs) will also allow individuals to collect, manage, and share their health information. Using the National Cancer Institute’s 2017 Health Information Trends Survey, we report on access and use of online medical records and the use of technology such as smartphones, tablets, and electronic monitoring devices (e.g. Fitbits, blood pressure monitors) for health related needs.2 HIGHLIGHTS As of 2017, 52 percent of individuals have been offered online access to their medical record by a health provider or insurer. Over half of those who were offered online access viewed their record within the past year; this represents 28 percent of individuals nationwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Record Review Guidelines California Department of Health Services Medi-Cal Managed Care Division
    Medical Record Review Guidelines California Department of Health Services Medi-Cal Managed Care Division Purpose: Medical Record Survey Guidelines provide standards, directions, instructions, rules, regulations, perimeters, or indicators for the medical record survey, and shall used as a gauge or touchstone for measuring, evaluating, assessing, and making decisions.. Scoring: Survey score is based on a review standard of 10 records per individual provider. Documented evidence found in the hard copy (paper) medical records and/or electronic medical records are used for survey criteria determinations. Full Pass is 100%. Conditional Pass is 80-99%. Not Pass is below 80%. The minimum passing score is 80%. A corrective action plan is required for all medical record criteria deficiencies. Not applicable (“N/A”) applies to any criterion that does not apply to the medical record being reviewed, and must be explained in the comment section. Medical records shall be randomly selected using methodology decided upon by the reviewer. Ten (10) medical records are surveyed for each provider, five (5) adult and/or obstetric records and five (5) pediatric records. For sites with only adult, only obstetric, or only pediatric patient populations, all ten records surveyed will be in only one preventive care service area. Sites where documentation of patient care by all PCPs on site occurs in universally shared medical records shall be reviewed as a “shared” medical record system. Scores calculated on shared medical records apply to each PCP sharing the records. A minimum of ten shared records shall be reviewed for 2-3 PCPs, twenty records for 4-6 PCPs, and thirty records for 7 or more PCPs.
    [Show full text]
  • World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews
    World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2020, 07(02), 218–226 World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews e-ISSN: 2581-9615, Cross Ref DOI: 10.30574/wjarr Journal homepage: https://www.wjarr.com (RESEARCH ARTICLE) Implementation and evaluation of telepharmacy during COVID-19 pandemic in an academic medical city in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: paving the way for telepharmacy Abdulsalam Ali Asseri *, Mohab Mohamed Manna, Iqbal Mohamed Yasin, Mashael Mohamed Moustafa, Fatmah Mousa Roubie, Salma Moustafa El-Anssasy, Samer Khalaf Baqawie and Mohamed Ahmed Alsaeed Associate Professor Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; Director of Pharmacy services at King Fahad University Hospital, KSA. Publication history: Received on 07 July 2020; revised on 22 August 2020; accepted on 25 August 2020 Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.7.2.0250 Abstract King Fahad University Hospital, a leading public healthcare institution in the Eastern region of KSA, implemented a disruptive innovation of Telepharmacy in pursuit of compliance with the National COVID-19 Response Framework. It emerged and proved to be an essential and critical pillar in suppression and mitigation strategies. Telepharmacy innovation resulted in Pharmacy staffing protection and provided uninterrupted access and care continuum to the pharmaceutical services, both for COVID-19 and Collateral care. This reform-oriented initiative culminated in adopting engineering and administrative controls to design the workflows, practices, and interactions between healthcare providers, patients, and pharmaceutical frontline staff. Pharmaceutical services enhanced its surge capacity (14,618 OPD requests & 10,030 Inpatient orders) and improved capability (41,242 counseling sessions) to address the daunting challenge of complying with the inpatient needs and robust outpatient pharmaceutical consumer services.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Management of Electronic Medical Records in Fijian Hospitals
    A Study of the Management of Electronic Medical Records in Fijian Hospitals Swaran S. Ravindra1*& Rohitash Chandra2*& Virallikattur S. Dhenesh1* 1 School of Computing, Information and Mathematical Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Fiji 2 Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Research Group, Software Foundation, Nausori, Fiji *Authors are in order of contribution. Email addresses: SSR: [email protected] RC: [email protected] VSD: [email protected] Page 1 of 24 Key Words: Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) – is an Australian agency that manages development and assistance projects internationally. AusAID has recently been absorbed into the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade [1] . Biomedical Informatics – is the field of science that develops theories, techniques, methods pertaining to the use data, information and knowledge which support and improve biomedical research, human health, and the delivery of healthcare services [2] . Cloud Computing- refers to Information Technology services leased to a person or organization over internet network according to service level requirements. It requires minimal management effort or service provider interaction [3] e-Health- an emerging field in the intersection of medical informatics, public health and business, referring to health services and information delivered through the Internet and related technologies [4]. Electronic Medical Record (EMR)- An electronic medical record (EMR) is a digital version of a patient’s medical
    [Show full text]
  • Preventive Health Care
    PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE DANA BARTLETT, BSN, MSN, MA, CSPI Dana Bartlett is a professional nurse and author. His clinical experience includes 16 years of ICU and ER experience and over 20 years of as a poison control center information specialist. Dana has published numerous CE and journal articles, written NCLEX material, written textbook chapters, and done editing and reviewing for publishers such as Elsevire, Lippincott, and Thieme. He has written widely on the subject of toxicology and was recently named a contributing editor, toxicology section, for Critical Care Nurse journal. He is currently employed at the Connecticut Poison Control Center and is actively involved in lecturing and mentoring nurses, emergency medical residents and pharmacy students. ABSTRACT Screening is an effective method for detecting and preventing acute and chronic diseases. In the United States healthcare tends to be provided after someone has become unwell and medical attention is sought. Poor health habits play a large part in the pathogenesis and progression of many common, chronic diseases. Conversely, healthy habits are very effective at preventing many diseases. The common causes of chronic disease and prevention are discussed with a primary focus on the role of health professionals to provide preventive healthcare and to educate patients to recognize risk factors and to avoid a chronic disease. nursece4less.com nursece4less.com nursece4less.com nursece4less.com 1 Policy Statement This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the policies of NurseCe4Less.com and the continuing nursing education requirements of the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation for registered nurses. It is the policy of NurseCe4Less.com to ensure objectivity, transparency, and best practice in clinical education for all continuing nursing education (CNE) activities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Electronic Medical Record: Promises and Problems
    The Electronic Medical Record: Promises and Problems William R. Hersh Biomedical Information Communication Center, Oregon Health Sciences University, BICC, 3 18 1 S. W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97201. Phone: 503-494-4563; Fax: 503-494-4551; E-mail: [email protected] Despite the growth of computer technology in medicine, the form of progress notes, which are written for each most medical encounters are still documented on paper encounter with the patient, whether done daily in the medical records. The electronic medical record has nu- hospital setting or intermittently as an outpatient. Inter- merous documented benefits, yet its use is still sparse. This article describes the state of electronic medical re- spersed among the records of one clinician are those of cords, their advantage over existing paper records, the other clinicians. such as consultants and covering col- problems impeding their implementation, and concerns leagues, as well as test results (i.e., laboratory or x-ray over their security and confidentiality. reports) and administrative data. These various components of the records are often As noted in the introduction to this issue, the provi- maintained in different locations. For example, each sion of medical care is an information-intensive activity. physician’s private office is likely to contain its own re- Yet in an era when most commercial transactions are cords of notes and test results ordered from that office. automated for reasons of efficiency and accuracy, it is Likewise, all of a patient’s hospital records are likely to somewhat ironic that most recording of medical events be kept in a chart at the hospital(s) where care is ren- is still done on paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Information Technology
    Published for 2020-21 school year. Health Information Technology Primary Career Cluster: Business Management and Technology Course Contact: [email protected] Course Code: C12H34 Introduction to Business & Marketing (C12H26) or Health Science Prerequisite(s): Education (C14H14) Credit: 1 Grade Level: 11-12 Focused Elective This course satisfies one of three credits required for an elective Graduation Requirements: focus when taken in conjunction with other Health Science courses. This course satisfies one out of two required courses to meet the POS Concentrator: Perkins V concentrator definition, when taken in sequence in an approved program of study. Programs of Study and This is the second course in the Health Sciences Administration Sequence: program of study. Aligned Student HOSA: http://www.tennesseehosa.org Organization(s): Teachers are encouraged to use embedded WBL activities such as informational interviewing, job shadowing, and career mentoring. Coordinating Work-Based For information, visit Learning: https://www.tn.gov/content/tn/education/career-and-technical- education/work-based-learning.html Available Student Industry None Certifications: 030, 031, 032, 034, 037, 039, 041, 052, 054, 055, 056, 057, 152, 153, Teacher Endorsement(s): 158, 201, 202, 203, 204, 311, 430, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 471, 472, 474, 475, 476, 577, 720, 721, 722, 952, 953, 958 Required Teacher None Certifications/Training: https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/education/ccte/cte/cte_resource Teacher Resources: _health_science.pdf Course Description Health Information Technology is a third-level applied course in the Health Informatics program of study intended to prepare students with an understanding of the changing world of health care information.
    [Show full text]
  • In. ^Ifil Fiegree in PNILOSOPNY
    ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE: A CRITICAL STUDY O F HOSSAIN NASR Dis««rtation Submitted TO THE Aiigarh Muslim University, Aligarh for the a^ar d of in. ^Ifil fiegree IN PNILOSOPNY BY SHBIKH ARJBD Abl Under the Kind Supervision of PROF. S. WAHEED AKHTAR Cbiimwa, D«ptt. ol PhiloMphy. DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY ALIGARH IWIUSLIIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH 1993 nmiH DS2464 gg®g@eg^^@@@g@@€'@@@@gl| " 0 3 9 H ^ ? S f I O ( D .'^ ••• ¥4 H ,. f f 3« K &^: 3 * 9 m H m «< K t c * - ft .1 D i f m e Q > i j 8"' r E > H I > 5 C I- 115m Vi\ ?- 2 S? 1 i' C £ O H Tl < ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Allah« the Merciful and the Compassionate. It gives me great pleasure to thanks my kind hearted supervisor Prof. S. Waheed Akhtar, Chairman, Department of Philosophy, who guided me to complete this work. In spite of his multifarious intellectual activities, he gave me valuable time and encouraged me from time to time for this work. Not only he is a philosopher but also a man of literature and sugge'sted me such kind of topic. Without his careful guidance this work could not be completed in proper time. I am indebted to my parents, SK Samser All and Mrs. AJema Khatun and also thankful to my uncle Dr. Sheikh Amjad Ali for encouraging me in research. I am also thankful to my teachers in the department of Philosophy, Dr. M. Rafique, Dr. Tasaduque Hussain, Mr. Naushad, Mr. Muquim and Dr. Sayed.
    [Show full text]
  • Module 7 – Hospital and Health Record Computer Applications
    Module 7 – Hospital and Health Record Computer Applications The purpose of this module is to provide the user with basic and fundamental knowledge of health care information systems in the healthcare environment with emphasis on applications that relate to the use and storage of patient’s health and clinical information. See additional modules including Module 2 which specifically addresses the Patient Master Index application in further detail. In this unit we will: • Discuss information systems and applications in general in the health care facility • Identify the operations within the medical record service that can be computerised • Identify priorities for implementation using a planned information system strategy OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of this unit participants should be able to: 1. Identify general health care applications found in health care facilities 2. identify applications within a medical record department which could be considered for computerisation 3. Discuss the important points relating to a computerised Master Patient Index 4. State the objectives of a computerised admission, discharge and transfer system (ADT) 5. List the daily reports generated by a computerised ADT system 6. Discuss the basic functionality of a data base system as it relates to use in a healthcare facility 7. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of information systems in health facilities in general Key Definitions: • ADT/ATD – a program used in a healthcare facility that contains information about a patient with regard to facility admission (date and location/bed/ward), transfer information if the patient was moved to another location and the date of discharge which may include whether the patient was transferred to another facility, discharged to home or if the patient expired (died).
    [Show full text]
  • Health Information Technology Basics Institute for Health & Socio-Economic Policy
    Health Information Technology Basics Institute for Health & Socio-Economic Policy © Copyright IHSP 2009. All rights reserved. Table of Contents Part I Introduction 1 Part II Why Workplace Technologies Change 2 Section 1: Overview 2 Section 2: Confl icting Values 2 Section 3: Management Secrets 3 Part III Routinizing Patient Care 8 Section 1: Overview 8 Section 2: The Core Technologies 9 Section 3: Supplemental Technologies 17 Part IV Nursing Values and Resistance 19 I FOR CNA/NNOC Part I Introduction Health information technology (HIT) is widely celebrated as a universal healthcare fix. Promoters say it will contain costs, improve quality, and modernize medical care. But such promises are the public relations messages of the HIT and healthcare industries. Is HIT really the panacea to cure our healthcare crisis, or are there consequences that aren’t being discussed? RNs have good reason to be wary. Patient care processes in some hospitals have already been transformed by HIT, and many other hospitals will be adopting it in the next few years. Among other types, hospitals are adopting • electronic medical records, • clinical decision support systems, • e-prescribing, • medication dispensing, • radio frequency identification and tracking, • medical credit scoring, • telemedicine, and • robots. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are one widespread technology that affects patient care directly. Of the 5,139 U.S. hospitals reporting (almost all hospitals not run by the federal government), 67.6% have adopted fully automated CDSS and 8% have either begun the installation process or have contracted to do so. A revolution is well underway. It will soon reach RNs and patients in every hospital.
    [Show full text]
  • Intensive Care Units (ICU): the Clinical Pharmacist Role to Improve Clinical Outcomes and Reduce Mortality Rate- an Undeniable Function
    Open Access Journal of Clinical Intensive Care and Medicine Review Article Intensive Care Units (ICU): The clinical pharmacist role to improve clinical ISSN 2639-6653 outcomes and reduce mortality rate- An undeniable function Luisetto M1* and Ghulam Rasool Mashori2 1Applied Pharmacologist, Hospital Pharmacist Manager 29121, Italy 2Professor & Director, Peoples University of Medcial & Health Sciences for Woman, Nawabshah, Pakistan *Address for Correspondence: Luisetto M, Applied Abstract Pharmacologist, Hospital Pharmacist Manager 29121, Italy, Email: [email protected] Observing relevant biomedical literature we have see that clinical pharmacist play a crucial role in ICU Submitted: 09 October 2017 settings with reducing in mortality rate and improving some clinical outcomes. Approved: 01 November 2017 Published: 02 November 2017 Copyright: 2017 Luisetto M, et al. This is Introduction an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which In ICU settings we can easily observe that the mortality rate is higher then other permits unrestricted use, distribution, and wards and for this reason a real multisiciplinatity medical team with added clinical ph. reproduction in any medium, provided the Competences can improve this situation. High intensity of cure, polipharmacy, critical original work is properly cited. patient conditions need also a pharmaceutical competencies to be added to the classic Keywords: ICU; Clinical pharmacy; Pharmaceutical decision making systems (clinical- managerial). The critically hill patients need a more care; Clinical outcomes; Mortality rate rational decision making systems to improve the clinical outcomes and in safety way. Material and Methods In this review and research paper we have searched some relevant biomedical literature in order to evaluate the real eficacy of clinical pharmacist in improving clinical outcomes and reducing mortality rate.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Hospital and Health-System Pharmacy Practice 59 Tients with a Specific Disease State Or for Activities Related to Self Governance Diagnosis
    Part II: Managing Medication Use CHAPTER 4 Medication Management Kathy A. Chase ■■ ■■■ Key Terms and Definitions Learning Objectives ■■ Closed formulary: A list of medica- After completing this chapter, readers tions (formulary) which limits access should be able to: of a practitioner to some medications. 1. Describe the purpose of a formulary A closed formulary may limit drugs to system in managing medication use in specific physicians, patient care areas, or institutions. disease states via formulary restrictions. 2. Discuss the organization and role of the ■■ Drug formulary: A formulary is a pharmacy and therapeutics committee. continually updated list of medications 3. Explain how formulary management and related information, representing works. the clinical judgment of pharmacists, 4. List the principles of a sound formulary physicians, and other experts in the system. diagnosis and/or treatment of disease 5. Define key terms in formulary manage- and promotion of health. ment. ■■ Drug monograph: A written, unbi- ased evaluation of a specific medica- tion. This document includes the drug name, therapeutic class, pharmacology, indications for use, summary of clinical trials, pharmacokinetics/dynamics, ad- verse effects, drug interactions, dosage regimens, and cost. ■■ Drug therapy guidelines: A document describing the indications, dosage regi- mens, duration of therapy, mode(s) of administration, monitoring parameters and special considerations for use of a specific medication or medication class. ■■ Drug use evaluation (DUE): A process used to assess the appropriate- ness of drug therapy by engaging in the evaluation of data on drug use in a given health care environment against predetermined criteria and standards. ◆■ Diagnosis-related DUE: A drug use evaluation completed on pa- INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITAL AND HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY PRACTICE 59 tients with a specific disease state or for activities related to self governance diagnosis.
    [Show full text]