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BEFORE AFTER What Was the Neolithic Revolution?

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BEFORE AFTER What Was the Neolithic Revolution? DAY #1 Bell Ringer: Look at the “Before” and “After” visuals. Meet with a learning team and describe the information in the visuals. After discussion, explain how the “After” visuals can be used to define the Neolithic Revolution. BEFORE AFTER What was the Neolithic Revolution? World History EOC Success Packet 2 Day #1 Activity #1: Read the following passage and identify the economic and social changes mentioned in the document. Important Changes Resulting From the Neolithic Revolution Around 8,000 BC, in various locations around the globe, people learned how to plant and cultivate crops for themselves. Grain and corn were some of the first agricultural products. People began to domesticate animals for work and food. Oxen were tamed and used to carry loads and plough fields. Cows, sheep, and goats were domesticated as sources of food and clothing. Pigs and chickens also became ready sources of food. The people of the Neolithic Revolution changed from being hunters and gatherers of food to being producers of food for themselves. The switch from food hunters to food producers caused many other changes in human life. To switch to an agricultural, farming, way of life required that people stayed in one location to take care of the crops. Permanent settlements were made that required houses that would last. Using materials from the environment, people used wood, mud and clay made into bricks, and stones to make buildings for living and storing their products. Farming and having livestock, domesticated animals, allowed people to produce more food. The increase in food production allowed settlements to have more than they needed, a surplus. Increased food resources supported the population and allowed it to grow. One of the effects of having a surplus of food is a large increase of population. As the population of settlements grew, more work was needed and different kinds of work were needed. Some people had to make the tools, others work in the fields and build buildings, others organized the work. Division of labor, different jobs, developed. Some people became leaders and others followed them. Some people acquired more possessions and had more power over others. Consequently, new social orders developed. Community leaders became government leaders. Religious leaders sometimes had both power over the religion and the government. Social classes began to be identified. The religious and government leaders and those that controlled the property had more wealth. The workers who knew how to solve problems and make things work were honored for their skills. (Source: Social Studies Notes) Based on the passage above, fill in a “T” Chart that describes the social and economic changes caused by the Neolithic Revolution. Social Changes Economic Changes World History EOC Success Packet 3 Day #1 Activity #2: Industrial Revolution. During the late 1700's and early 1800's, great changes took place in the lives and work of people in several parts of the Western world. These changes resulted from the development of industrialization. The term Industrial Revolution refers both to the changes that occurred and to the period itself. The Industrial Revolution began in Britain (a country now known as the United Kingdom) during the late 1700's. It started spreading to other parts of Europe and to North America in the early 1800's. By the mid-1800's, industrialization was widespread in western Europe and the northeastern United States. The introduction of power-driven machinery and the development of factory organization during the Industrial Revolution created an enormous increase in the production of goods. Before the revolution, manufacturing was done by hand, or by using animal power or simple machines. Most people worked at home in rural areas. A few worked in shops in towns and belonged to associations called guilds. The Industrial Revolution eventually took manufacturing out of the home and workshop. Power-driven machines replaced handwork, and factories developed as the most economical way of bringing together the machines and the workers to operate them. As the Industrial Revolution grew, private investors and financial institutions provided money for the further expansion of industrialization. Financiers and banks thus became as important as industrialists and factories in the growth of the revolution. For the first time in European history, wealthy business leaders called capitalists took over the control and organization of manufacturing. Historians have disagreed about the overall effect of the Industrial Revolution on people's lives. Some historians have emphasized that the revolution greatly increased the production of goods. They argue that this increase did more to raise people's standard of living after 1850 than all the actions of legislatures and trade unions. Other historians have stressed the negative effects of the revolution. They point to the overcrowded and unsanitary housing and the poor working conditions created by rapid industrialization in the cities. Most historians now believe that factory conditions and worker wages were terrible before 1850 but improved after that date. These improvements led to an increase in life expectancy for workers. Most historians agree that the Industrial Revolution was a great turning point in the history of the world. It changed the Western world from a basically rural and agricultural society to a basically urban and industrial society. Rapid urbanization changed societies. Industrialization brought many material benefits, but it also created a large number of problems that remain critical in the modern world. For example, most industrial countries face problems of air, land, and water pollution. World Book Based on the passage above, fill in a “T” Chart that describes the social and economic changes caused by the Neolithic Revolution. Social Changes Economic Changes World History EOC Success Packet 4 Conclude this activity by organizing a panel discussion between two learning teams. Two members for each team will form the panel for giving responses. The remaining members of the learning teams will ask the questions. Participants will illustrate the similarities and differences between the Neolithic Revolution and Industrial Revolution, emphasizing both economic and social issues. Homework Day#1: Examine the maps and written information regarding the river valley civilizations and locations. Answer the questions that follow. 1. The Sumerians in the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers had important inventions like the wheel, the sail, glass, use of the number system based on 60, and a writing system called cuneiform. City-states of the Sumerians were ruled by kings. They built large, stepped buildings with a temple on top called ziggerats. The system of monarchy set up a hierarchical society, higher to lower. The king and priest were at the highest, followed by the nobility. The kings and nobility obtained their positions by birth, inherited positions. In some kingdoms, the monarch was also the chief priest or even considered to be a god. The system of government in which the religion controls the government is called a Theocracy. The Babylonians were also one famous group of people that were part of the civilization in the Tigris and Euphrates valley. The Babylonian King, Hammurabi, took over other kingdoms and formed an empire. Hammurabi World History EOC Success Packet 5 developed laws that were posted throughout his empire. The Code of Hammurabi, his collection of laws, emphisized justice, “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.” Hammurabi’s Code established a government that was ruled by laws. This idea of rule by law shaped other governments later in history. 2. The Egyptians and Nubians developed civilizations along the Nile River Valley in Egypt and Sudan. The Egyptian leader was called the pharaoh, who was in charge of the government and the religion. The pharaoh was thought to be a god. Their government was a Theocracy. The Egyptians also had a hierarchical society. The priests and nobles were the highest level, then the engineers and scribes, people who could write and keep records, followed. Then there were the merchants, laborers, and slaves. The Egyptian writing system was called hieroglyphics and used symbols to represent words. The Egyptians built large temples and pyramids. The Egyptians developed geometry and had advanced medicine, including surgery. They practiced mummification, preserving the bodies of the dead. 3. The people of the Indus River Valley are not as well known because their language has not been translated. They designed large cities using the grid system of planning streets and locations of buildings. Mahenjo Daro and Harappa are famous sites of the Indus civilization. The Indus people were the first to weave textiles out of cotton. Their houses had indoor plumbing. 4. The Shang Dynasty in China is considered to be the beginnings of the Chinese civilization. The Shang leaders were kings. In order to keep their power, they gave their warriors land in exchange for loyalty and service in time of war. The Chinese writing system was pictographs, small drawings that represented ideas rather than words. People that spoke different dialects of Chinese used the same pictures for their writing. Which two characteristics of civilization do you think are the most important? Examine the maps and review the written information regarding the river valley civilizations and locations. Students should create a collage of drawings and words to describe the key aspects
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