NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 7 (2): 243-249 ©NwjZ, Oradea, Romania, 2011 Article No.: 111130 www.herp-or.uv.ro/nwjz
New records of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran, with description of a new species
Mircea-Dan MITROIU1,*, Fatemeh ABOLHASSANZADEH2 and Seyed M. MADJDZADEH2,*
1. “Al. I. Cuza” University Iaşi, Faculty of Biology, Bd. Carol I 20A, 700505 Iaşi, Romania. 2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran, * Corresponding authors, M.D. Mitroiu, E-mail: [email protected], S.M. Madjdzadeh, E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 15. February 2011 / Accepted: 28. July 2011 / Available online: 09. August 2011
Abstract. Thirteen species of Pteromalidae are recorded from Southeast Iran in this study. Among the studied materials, one species is described as new (Sphegigaster persiana Mitroiu & Madjdzadeh, sp. nov.) and four species are recorded for the first time from Iran. Available biological data, geographical distribution as well as short taxonomic comments for each species are briefly mentioned.
Key words: Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae, parasitoids, Iran, distribution, new records, new species.
Introduction containing 78 species of Pteromalidae from differ- ent parts of Iran. Following them, other records The family Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalci- have been recently added to this list (Alemansour doidea) is one of the largest families of parasitic et al. 2010, Hesami et al. 2010, Nazemi-Rafi & Lot- Hymenoptera, whose members are distributed in falizadeh 2010, Ghahari et al. 2010), the total num- all zoogeographical regions of the world. It cur- ber of species found in Iran reaching 130 (Ghahari rently contains 588 genera and 3506 species dis- et al. 2010). tributed in 30 subfamilies (Noyes 2010). The The aim of this study is to add new species to pteromalids are primary or secondary parasitoids the list of Iranian Pteromalidae and to complete attacking other insect groups such as Coleoptera, with new information on the distributional data Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera for the already listed species. and some Arachnida in their various stages of de- velopment (Bouček & Rasplus 1991, Desjardins et Material and methods al. 2007). They play an important role in the con- trol of insect pests and several species have been For the present study, a total of 27 specimens of Ptero- employed successfully in biological control pro- malidae collected from Southestern Iran (Fig. 1) were ex- grams all over the world (Greathead 1986, Debach amined. In addition, voucher specimens from other & Rose 1991, Bouček & Rasplus 1991). countries as well as name-bearing types were used for comparison. These specimens were mostly from the The Pteromalidae fauna of Iran is still poorly Natural History Museum London (BMNH), Narodni known. The same situation seems to be true for Muzeum Prague (NMPC) and the Mitroiu Collection, Al- other families of Chalcidoidea too, where new re- exandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Biology, cords and new species have been recently added Romania (MICO). Terminology and classification follow to the faunistic inventory (Lotfalizadeh 2008, Gibson (1997) and Bouček (1988), respectively. Other ab- 2010). Regarding the Pteromalidae, Davachi & breviations used in the text: F = Funicular segments, Gt = Chodjai (1968) presented the first list of Iranian Gastral tergites; M = Marginal vein; PM = Postmarginal vein; S = Stigmal vein. parasitoids that included only seven pteromalid The material from Southeastern Iran was collected species. Several species records were published by using a sweeping net by FA. It was preserved in 75% Steffan (1968) and Sharifi & Javadi (1971). In the Ethanol until it was partly mounted on cards and identi- recent years the number of known pteromalid fied by MDM. Prior to mounting the specimens were species for the fauna of Iran grew significantly treated with hexamethyldisilazane in order to avoid col- (Goldansaz et al. 1996; Lotfalizadeh & Ahmadi lapsing. Only part of the collected material was identified 1998, 2000, Sadeghi & Askary 2001, Habibpour et to species level; the identifications were made using Gra- ham’s monograph (Graham 1969) and other papers listed al. 2002, Jalilvand & Gholipour 2002, Mehrnejad in the remarks section. The identified material is depos- 2002, 2003, Rezaei et al. 2003, Sadeghi & Ebrahimi ited in MICO and Seyed Massoud Madjdzadeh Collec- 2002, Lotfalizadeh 2002a,b, 2004). Lotfalizadeh & tion, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran Gharali (2008) presented a preliminary checklist (SMMCO). The identified species are ordered based on 244 Mitroiu, M.D. et al. subfamily name alphabetically and new records are has been recorded as a parasitoid of dozens of marked by asterisk. For each species general data regard- species of mainly Agromyzidae (e.g. Liriomyza sa- ing their geographical distribution, biology as well as tivae Blanchard), but also Cecidomyiidae (Maye- brief taxonomic comments are given. For more informa- tiola destructor (Say)), Chloropidae (e.g. Oscinella tion on these aspects, see Graham (1969) and Noyes (2010). frit (L.)) and Opomyzidae (Geomyza tripunctata The pictures of the new species were taken using an Fallen) (Diptera) and in association with many Olympus BX41 microscope connected to an Olympus E- species of plants from several families such as As- 330 digital camera. The images were then processed using teraceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, etc. (Noyes 2010). Helicon Focus® 4.60 and Adobe® Photoshop® 7.0 pro- The female of H. circulus is similar to those of H. grams. crius Walker, H. letitiae Askew and H. semireticulata
Mitroiu, from which it can be separated mainly by
Results the almost complete propodeal plicae, reticulation of scutellum and propodeum and color of legs and List of species antennae (Askew 1972; Mitroiu 2005).
Asaphinae Ormocerinae
Asaphes suspensus (Nees, 1834) Systasis encyrtoides* Walker, 1854 Material examined: Iran: Kerman province, Material examined: Iran, Kerman province, Sirch, Mahan, N30°21'56.6" E55°25'34.4", 1861m, N30°11'47.6" E57°33'44.4", 1971m, 29.viii.2009, 29.v.2009, swept on grass (F. Abolhasanzadeh), 1♀ swept on Mentha longifolia (F. Abolhasanzadeh), 3♀ 1♂. 1♂. Remarks: Asaphes suspensus is known to occur Remarks: This species is reported from Iran across the entire Holarctic region (Noyes 2010). Its for the first time, but its hosts in this country are distribution in the Neotropical region is regarded unknown. Systasis encyrtoides is widely distributed as doubtful by Gibson & Vikberg (1998) who con- in the Palaearctic region, from Europe to China, sidered that these records belong to the californi- and it is reported mainly from species of Cecido- cus-complex. The species was cited by Lotfali- myiidae (Diptera) such as Contarinia pisi (Loew), zadeh & Gharali (2008) from Azarbaijan-e-Sharghi C. lentis Aczel, Dasineura affinis (Kieffer), etc. Province in Northwest Iran. It is a generalist hy- (Noyes, 2010). The European species of Systasis perparasitoid of four to five genera of Aphidiinae Walker were revised by Graham (1969), the spe- and Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) primary parasi- cies from Kazakstan by Dzhanokmen (1996), and ِ toids (Fergusson 1980; Sullivan 1987; Höller et al. the Chinese species by Xiao & Huang (2001). 1993; Chow & Mackauer 1999). It can also be re- garded as a tertiary parasitoid of other aphid hy- Pteromalinae perparasitoids (Matejko & Sullivan 1984; Carew & Cheiropachus quadrum (Fabricius, 1787) Sullivan 1993). Asaphes suspensus was considered Material examined: Iran, Kerman province, Bard- as a synonym of A. vulgaris until Graham (1969) sir, N31°23'25.7" E56°29'36.8", 2022m, 10.vi.2009, reestablished the species and thus the records swept in Triticum aestivum field (F. Abolhasan- published prior to 1969 should be regarded with zadeh), 1♀. caution. Asaphes suspensus can be separated from Remarks: It is a common parasitoid of xylo- other species of the genus by the combination of phagous beetles, e.g. Scolytidae, Curculionidae, entirely yellowish legs and narrow speculum, with Cerambycidae and Bostrichidae (Noyes 2010). Lot- at least three setae near the submarginal vein falizadeh & Gharali (2008) reported this species (Gibson & Vikberg 1998). from Scolytus rugulosus (Muller) (= Ruguloscolytus mediterraneus Eggers) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) on Miscogasterinae apple tree dead wood in Iran. The genus Chei- Halticoptera circulus (Walker, 1833) ropachus Westwood, with its only Palaearctic spe- Material examined: Iran, Kerman province, cies Ch. quadrum, is easily recognizable from other Mahan, N30°04'59.2" E57°15'18.6", 1845m, pteromaline genera by the combination of a large 24.iv.2009, swept in Triticum aestivum field (F. propleura, enlarged fore femora and maculate Abolhasanzadeh), 1♀. forewings. Graham (1969) mentioned that larger Remarks: The species was cited by Lotfali- specimens tend to have darker markings on fore- zadeh & Gharali (2008) from Azarbaijan-e-Sharghi wings and paler legs, while small specimens have Province in Northwest Iran. Halticoptera circulus New records of Pteromalidae from Iran 245 reduced markings and darker legs. Dinarmus acutus (Thomson, 1878) Material examined: Iran, Kerman province, Raf- Cyrtoptyx cf. latipes (Rondani, 1874)* sanjan (Charuk), N30°24'17.2" E56°30'16.7", 2015m, Material examined: Iran, Kerman province, Jiroft 17.viii.2009, swept in Amygdalus communis garden (Dowlatabad), N28°43'2.64" E57°9'51.67", 1762m, (F. Abolhasanzadeh), 1♀. 12.ix.2010 (F. Abolhasanzadeh), 2♀ 1♂. Remarks: This species was reported from Iran Remarks: This species is tentatively reported by Ghahari et al. (2010). It is a widely distributed from Iran for the first time, being reared from species in the Holarctic and Afrotropical regions seeds of Pistacia atlantica. The Palaearctic species of (Noyes 2010), being recorded as a primary parasi- Cyrtoptyx Delucchi need revision. Currently there toid of almost twenty species of Bruchidae (Col- are six described species, but the available descrip- eoptera), some of which have economic impor- tions and keys are not enough for a certain identi- tance (Noyes 2010). The biology of the genus is fication of species. Cyrtoptyx pistaciae Nikol’skaya summarized by Rasplus (1989). Most Palaearctic was reared from seeds of Pistacia mutica and P. species of Dinarmus Thomson have been described vera, being recorded as a parasitoid of Megastigmus by Masi and need to be revised and keyed. pistaciae Walker (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) (Dzhanokmen 1978). Also Lotfalizadeh and Homoporus fulviventris (Walker, 1835)* Gharali (2008) mentioned it on Pistacia khinjuk. Material examined: Iran, Kerman province, However, the obtained specimens do not corre- Mahan, N30°02'20.9" E57°17'38.5", 1936m, 10. spond with the description of C. pistaciae. Accord- vi.2010, swept on grass (F. Abolhasanzadeh), 1♀. ing to the comparative material examined Remarks: This species is reported from Iran (BMNH, NMPC), these specimens are closest to C. for the first time. It is widely distributed in the latipes, but may eventually prove to represent an Palaearctic region, from Europe to China (Noyes undescribed species. Cyrtoptyx latipes is known to 2010). Its hosts include mainly Cynipidae and Eu- parasitize various species of Coleoptera (Curculi- rytomidae (Hymenoptera) (Noyes 2010) e.g. onidae), Diptera (Tephritidae) and Lepidoptera Tetramesa eximia (Giraud) (Dawah et al., 1995). The (Coleophoridae and Tortricidae) and is widely dis- Palaearctic species of Homoporus Thomson need tributed across the Palaearctic region (Noyes revision. The most complete key available for the 2010). European species, which includes the numerous species described by Erdös, was published by Dibrachys boarmiae (Walker, 1863) Delucchi (1957), but, according to Graham (1969: Material examined: Iran, Kerman province, Sirch, 445) it “will not work satisfactorily for some spe- N30°11'47.6" E57°33'44.4", 1971m, 29.viii.2009, cies (especially for British material) because the swept on grass (F. Abolhasanzadeh), 1♀. colour of the coxae and femora is too variable”. Remarks: This species is recorded from the Palaearctic region, as well as India and Australia Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouché, 1834) (Noyes 2010). It is a common primary parasitoid of Material examined: Iran, Kerman province, Kou- many species of Lepidoptera (Arctiidae, Gelechii- hbanan, N31°10'33.9" E56°30'58.3", 1981m, swept dae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Pyralidae, Tineidae, on Euphorbia sp., 2.vi.2009 (F. Abolhasanzadeh), 2♀ Tortricidae) and a few Hymenoptera (Apidae, 1♂. Sphecidae), as well as a hyperparasitoid of Braco- Remarks: This is one of the most common spe- nidae and Ichneumonidae (Noyes 2010). Its biol- cies of Pachyneuron Walker. It is widely distributed ogy was studied by several authors such as Gülel in the world (probably introduced in many coun- (1982). In Iran it has been mentioned as a parasi- tries), and many dozens of species of mostly Aph- toid of the lesser wax moth Achroia grisella (Fabri- ididae, Coccidae, Dermestidae, Pseudococcidae cius) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Goldansaz et al. and Psyllidae (Hemiptera) are among its hosts 1996) and as a parasitoid of the pistachio twig (Noyes 2010). In Iran the species was cited by borer moth Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidop- Haeselbarth (1983). The female can be easily rec- tera: Tineidae) (Mehrnejad 2002, 2003) as well as a ognizable in having three anelli and five funicular gregarious ectoparasitoid of the codling moth Cy- segments, as well as a broad marginal vein and dia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) small body size.
(Mashhadi-Jafarloo & Talebi-Chaichi 2002). The Pachyneuron erzurumicum Doğanlar, 1986 species (described in Newman 1863) is very close Material examined: Iran, Kerman province, Kou- to D. cavus (Walker). hbanan, N31°10'33.9" E:56°30'58.3", 1981m, 246 Mitroiu, M.D. et al.
2.vi.2009, swept on Euphorbia sp. (F. Abolhasan- hollowed at mouth corner. Scape (without radicle) zadeh), 1♀; Iran, Kerman province, Rayen, from about as long as to slightly longer than eye N29°32'46.93" E57°18'0.31", 2941m, 17.ix.2010, length and distinctly shorter than eye height, not swept on Euphorbia sp. (F. Abolhasanzadeh), 1♀. reaching median ocellus; pedicel slightly longer Remarks: This species have been previously than anelli plus F1; combined length of pedicel recorded from Turkey (Doğanlar 1986), Kazakh- plus flagellum 0.75-0.76X head width; all F trans- stan (Dzhanokmen 2005) and Western Iran (Lotfal- verse, subequal in length, with one row of sensilla; izadeh & Gharali 2008), being associated with an clava length about 1.7X width. unidentified species of Aphis (Hemiptera: Aphidi- Mesosoma moderately depressed, more so an- dae) (Doğanlar 1986). Pachyneuron erzurumicum is teriorly, length about 1.7-1.8X width. Pronotal co- similar to P. nelsoni Girault in lacking the marginal lar hardly distinct, without any trace of teeth or fringe on the wings. The examined specimens raised margin, with a shiny strip along its poste- proved to be conspecific with those deposited in rior margin. Mesoscutum width about 1.7-2X BMNH. length. Scutellum about as long as wide; propo- deum uniformly reticulated, width about 2.1-2.2X Pachyneuron groenlandicum (Holmgren, 1872) length. Forewing length about 2.2X width; basal Material examined: Iran, Kerman province, Ku- cell bare, basal vein with 3-4 hairs; speculum hbonan, N31°10'33.9" E56°30'58.3", 1981m, moderate, open below; M:S:PM = 22:17:10. 2.vi.2009, swept on Euphorbia sp. (F. Abolhasan- Metasoma with apparent length of petiole (see zadeh), 1♀; Iran, Kerman province, Rayen, Mitroiu 2005) 2.3-2.4X its maximum width, petiole N29°32'46.93" E57°18'0.13", 2941m, 17.ix.2010 (F. with one hair on each side. Gaster ovate, length Abolhasanzadeh), 1♀ 1♂. 1.4-1.7X width. Gt1 with posterior margin very Remarks: This species is widely distributed slightly curved; Gt2 large, but Gt3-Gt6 visible, not across the Palaearctic region, as well as in India contracted under it. Ovipositor sheaths very (Noyes 2010). The species was cited by Haesel- slightly protruding. Tip of hypopygium exceeds barth (1983) from Karadj city in Northern Iran and middle of gaster. by Lotfalizadeh & Gharali (2008) from Ilam Prov- Male: Unknown. ince in Western Iran. It was recorded as a primary Material examined: HOLOTYPE ♀: IRAN: parasitoid of Diptera (mainly Syrphidae), Hemip- Kerman province, between Kouhbanan and Ravar, tera (Aphididae, Coccidae) and Lepidoptera (Noc- N31°10'33.9" E56°30'58.3", 1981m, 2.vi.2009, swept tuidae), and as a hyperparasitoid of other Hymen- in Beta vulgaris field (F. Abolhasanzadeh) (MICO); optera (Braconidae) (Noyes 2010). Pachyneuron coe- PARATYPE: 1♀, same information as holotype ruleum Delucchi and P. umbratum Delucchi have (SMMCO). been synonymised with P. groenlandicum by Distribution: Iran. Bouček & Graham (1978) and Hedqvist (1977), re- Hosts: Unknown, probably small flies mining spectively. plant tissues. Sphegigaster persiana Mitroiu & Madjdzadeh, Etymology: The species name refers to the an- sp. nov. (Fig. 2) cient name of Iran. Description: Female: Remarks: Species of Sphegigaster are known as Body length. 1.8 mm. parasitoids of Agromyzidae (Diptera) that mine Colour. Head, mesosoma and petiole dark different parts of many species of plants. The new blue-green; gaster brownish-black; antennae species most closely resembles S. stepicola Bouček, brown, scape with some metallic reflections; man- 1965 and S. ineus Mitroiu, 2008, which are the only dibles brown, teeth darker; coxae as mesosoma; known species of Sphegigaster having very short femora orange-brown, with very slight metallic re- antennae, with all F distinctly transverse. The flections; tibiae and tarsi orange-brown, tips of main differences between the three species are tarsi darker; wings hyaline, tegulae and venation summarized in Table 1. brownish. Head in dorsal view about 2.1-2.2X as wide as Bouček (1965) stated that small female speci- long, and about 1.5X as wide as high in frontal mens of S. stepicola tend to have the pronotum view. Temple less than 1/3 eye length. POL about nearly rounded and more clavate antennae, with- 1.5-1.6X OOL. Eye elongated, height about 1.6X out mentioning other differences from the larger specimens. Thus, other characters mentioned
length. Malar space about 0.4X eye height. Gena
New records of Pteromalidae from Iran 247
Table 1. Main differences separating Sphegigaster persiana sp. nov. from two similar species.
Characters S. stepicola Bouček S. ineus Mitroiu S. persiana sp. nov. Colour of femora dark metallic yellow brown, slightly metallic Pronotal collar usually well defined well defined very weakly defined Petiole (apparent 2.7-3.3 2.8-3 2.3-2.4 length/maximum width) M/S 1.6-1.9 2 2.2 M/PM 1-1.2 1.1-1.2 1.3-1.4 Gt2/Gt1 1.7-2.6 2.3 1.5 Head width/length of 1.1-1.2 1 1.3 pedicel + flagellum
Figure 1. Map of Iran showing the collecting places (in red for Sphegigaster persiana sp. nov.; in black for other species).
Figure 2. Holotype of Sphegigaster persiana sp. nov.
above seem to indicate that this represents a dis- from Iran for the first time and, according to tinct species. Noyes (2010) it is spread from Europe to China. The species was reared along with four other spe- Sphegigaster truncata Thomson, 1878* cies of parasitoids, Aneuropria foersteri (Kieffer) Material examined: Iran, Kerman province, Sirch, (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), Eupelmus (Macro- N30°11'47.6" E57°33'44.4", 1971m, 29.viii.2009, neura) versicularis (Retzius) (Hymenoptera: Eu- swept on grass (F. Abolhasanzadeh), 2♂. pelmidae), Chorebus leptogaster (Haliday) and Bra- Remarks: Sphegigaster truncata is reported con fulvipes Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from 248 Mitroiu, M.D. et al. pupae and larvae of Melanagromyza albocilia Resources” through the project “Development of the Hendel (Diptera: Agromyzidae) associated with innovation capacity and increase of the research impact field binweed, Convolvulus arvensis, in Slovakia through postdoctoral programs” POSDRU/89/1.5/S/ 49944. The authors are grateful to Dr. Irina Gostin and Dr. (Toth et al. 2000). The males of S. truncata are eas- Lucian Fusu (Alexandru Ioan Cuza University) for their ily recognizable by the long slender antennae, help regarding the illustrations. with elongated funicular segments covered by erect hairs and the combined length of pedicel and flagellum more than twice as long as head width. References
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