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Issue No. 37-38/2015 - Monday 7 September 2015 CERN Bulletin More articles at: http://bulletin.cern.ch AWAKE STARTS THE EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION PHASE AWAKE is the proof-of-principle experiment whose aim is to use protons to generate LHC RUN 2 – REACHING THE TOP OF THE powerful wakefields to accelerate an electron beam. With accelerator gradients hundreds LEARNING CURVE of times higher than those used in current systems, this technique could revolutionise the field of particle acceleration. Installed in the tunnel previously used by the CNGS facility, As the LHC Physics conference gets underway AWAKE is completing the service installation phase and will receive the plasma cell in in St Petersburg, it’s a good time to take stock the coming months. of where things stand with Run 2. (Continued on page 2) In this issue NEWS AWAKE starts the equipment installation phase 1 The AWAKE proton line with all the magnets installed. (Image: AWAKE collaboration.) LHC Run 2 – reaching the top of the learning curve 1 AWAKE is the world’s first proton-driven be reused by AWAKE – and have modified LHC Report: plasma wakefield acceleration experiment. the services to meet AWAKE’s needs. a very productive hiatus 3 In AWAKE, a beam of protons from the SPS “We dismantled 100 metres of the proton A very cool cooling system 3 will be travelling through a plasma cell and beam line, completed the civil-engineering The new young face of this will generate a wakefield that, in turn, needed to house the new electron and laser the Pension Fund 4 will accelerate an electron beam. A laser will beam lines, removed several kilometres of Researchers’ Night 2015: ionise the gas in the plasma cell and seed the old cables, and installed some 100 kilometres exploring science in movies, self-modulation instability that will trigger the of new cables,” says Edda Gschwendtner, comics, poetry and games 4 wakefield in the plasma. CERN AWAKE project leader. “We have Road safety: take it seriously 5 installed the 16 magnets for the proton line for CERN servers go to Mexico 5 The project aims to prove that the plasma AWAKE, built the laser clean room, modified wakefield can be driven with protons and the access and cooling and ventilation… Computer Security 6 that acceleration will be extremely powerful, It has been a huge amount of work in a very Ombud’s Corner 6 hundreds of times more powerful than that short time.” Maurizio Lo Vetere (1965-2015) 7 achieved today. Integrating a new experiment into an existing Official news 7 Over about 18 months of hard work, the facility is extremely challenging, but now that Take note 10 teams have cleared the old CNGS area – the area has been cleared and is ready for the Training 12 leaving only the infrastructure that will future installations, Ans Pardons, AWAKE’s Seminars 12 (Continued on page 2) Published by: CERN-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland Tel. + 41 22 767 35 86 Printed by: CERN Printshop © 2015 CERN - ISSN: Printed version: 2077-950X Electronic version: 2077-9518 A word from the DG (Continued from page 1) LHC REPORT: A VERY PRODUCTIVE HIATUS LHC RUN 2 – REACHING THE TOP OF THE LEARNING CURVE On Monday, 24 August, the LHC transitioned from nascent 25 ns operation to a two-week hiatus demonstrations of the collimating potential For all those involved with operating fully understood and due to be rectified in are being taken during the technical stop, devoted to luminosity calibration (two days), machine development (five days) and a technical of bent crystals. the LHC and its experiments in this new the September technical stop, has cost us aimed at finding a way to continue to stop (five days). energy and intensity regime, 2015 was time. Synchrotron radiation and electron operate the magnet with an acceptable The beams were dumped at 6 a.m. sharp always going to be a learning curve. And clouds become more of an issue at the duty cycle. All being well, CMS will be able on the morning of Monday, 31 August in learning we most certainly are. The main energy we’re now running at, so we have to take data satisfactorily with field on until beam movement during the scan and other preparation for the five-day technical stop, objective for this year has always been to learn how to live with that. And the the end of the 2015 physics programme, factors allow determination of the absolute which has just finished. The key objectives to set up the machine and experiments infamous Unidentified Falling Objects postponing the cleaning operation until luminosity. ATLAS, ALICE, CMS and LHCb all of this technical stop were modifications for production running at high energy – UFOs – are back, though there is now the winter stop in order to be ready for had dedicated time for Van der Meer scans. to the critical Quench Protection System, and high intensity in 2016, 17 and 18. strong evidence that these decrease with the start of 2016. TOTEM and ALFA also took advantage of the the consolidation of the cooling and That said, the experiments have all been time. All in all, as time goes on, the LHC’s special conditions to take data. electrical distribution systems and important able to collect quality data at 13 TeV, performance gets better, and I believe it To conclude, I’d like to congratulate maintenance work on the cryogenics system. with the first Run 2 papers and conference is shaping up well to deliver good beam everyone concerned in getting us to where The LHC machine development (MD) period It involved a huge number of activities. presentations being written and delivered for the rest of 2015 and through the we are today: on the threshold of the first that followed consisted of a wide variety of The combined effort, coordinated by a team this summer. production phase of Run 2 starting in 2016. LHC Physics conference with 13 TeV data No stopping for Sunday at the CERN Control Centre. measurement and development programmes from EN/MEF, was very successful. (Image courtesy: Rogelio Tomás Garcia) on display. Along with the continuing ranging from exploring the limits of smaller It would be unfair of me, however, to give For the experiments, most things have flow of exciting results from Run 1, such as beam sizes at the interaction point to Following the technical stop, the first key the impression that it’s all been plain gone smoothly, but many of you will be the combined ATLAS-CMS result on Higgs Accurate calibration of the luminosity is collimation using bent crystals. Free from the step is revalidation of the LHC with beam sailing. As well as the highs: smooth aware that the cryogenic system supplying couplings presented today, there’s much vital input for many of an experiment’s challenges of high beam intensity, machine from a machine-protection standpoint. recommissioning of the machine, physics the CMS magnet has been having some good physics to digest already from Run 2. measurements. The luminosity is calibrated availability was high during this remarkably Some dedicated system optimisation will be getting underway, and a successful difficulty. As a result, a fraction of the data And as we approach the top of the learning using separation scans pioneered in 1968 successful MD period. Highlights included followed by the continuation of the intensity transition to 25-nanosecond bunch CMS has taken this year is at zero-field. curve, there’s the promise of very much by Simon van der Meer at the ISR. In these the validation of a beta* of 40 cm, which ramp-up with 25 ns beam and hopefully spacing, we’ve also had our fair share of As I write, the system seems to be stable, more to come. scans, carefully prepared beams are stepped effectively doubles the luminosity potential several weeks of sustained luminosity delivery lows. There have been no show-stoppers, but it’s clear that there are contaminants across each other, horizontally and vertically, of the present set-up. Collimation experts with this bunch spacing. but rather a series of more minor issues in the cold box that supplies the magnet Rolf Heuer one plane at a time. Accurate measurements and members of the UA9 collaboration were that have slowed things down. Sensitivity with liquid helium, and this will therefore of the interaction rates, beam intensity, also able to carry out successful tests and Mike Lamont for the LHC team of the quench-protection system, now need a thorough clean. Interim measures AWAKE STARTS THE EQUIPMENT (Continued from page 1) A VERY COOL COOLING SYSTEM INSTALLATION PHASE The NA62 Gigatracker is a jewel of technology: its sensor, which delivers the time of the crossing particles with a precision of less than 200 picoseconds (better than similar LHC detectors), Coordination Package Leader for Integration the laser and the experimental equipment has a cooling system that might become the precursor to a completely new detector technique. and Installation, speaks with a smile: “It has will be ready for hardware commissioning, been a challenging time for the CERN teams and beam commissioning will start in whole system at its operating temperature. and the collaborating institutes involved in the summer. “Next year will continue to be very One hundred and fifty microchannels are etched in the ultra- the project, but we can’t relax yet! We are now intense for the whole collaboration,” confirms Each of the microchannels is just 70 µm deep thin silicon cooling plate, which is then bonded on the silicon looking forward to installing the various beam Edda.
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