Appeal: 14-1167 Doc: 162-1 Filed: 04/18/2014 Pg: 1 of 49 Case Nos. 14-1167(L), 14-1169, 14-1173 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT TIMOTHY B. BOSTIC, et al., Appellees, and JOANNE HARRIS, et al., on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated, Intervenors, v. GEORGE E. SCHAEFER, III, in his official capacity as Clerk of Court for Norfolk Circuit Court, Appellant, and JANET M. RAINEY, in her official capacity as State Registrar of Vital Records, Appellant, and MICHELE B. MCQUIGG, in her official capacity as Prince William County Clerk of Circuit Court, Intervenor. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Norfolk Division (No. 2:13-cv-395) BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE HISTORIANS OF ANTIGAY DISCRIMINATION IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFFS-APPELLEES CATHERINE E. STETSON Counsel of Record ERICA KNIEVEL SONGER MARY HELEN WIMBERLY KATIE D. FAIRCHILD MADELINE H. GITOMER* HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 555 Thirteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20004 April 18, 2014 (202) 637-5491
[email protected] *Not admitted in D.C.; supervised by members of the firm Counsel for Amici Curiae Appeal: 14-1167 Doc: 162-1 Filed: 04/18/2014 Pg: 2 of 49 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .................................................................................... ii STATEMENT OF INTEREST..................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT........................................2 ARGUMENT .............................................................................................................4 I. GAY AND LESBIAN PEOPLE HAVE BEEN SUBJECT TO WIDESPREAD AND SIGNIFICANT DISCRIMINATION IN THE UNITED STATES .......................................................................................4 A. The Historical Roots of Discrimination Against Gay People ....................4 B. Modern American History: 1890-1940......................................................5 C.