DOCSLIB.ORG

The Polish Navy in “Victory at Sea”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Polish Navy in “Victory at Sea” The Polish Navy in “Victory at Sea” Bohaterowie Morza Baltyckiego! The Polish Navy in “Victory at Sea” Despite ambitious programmes in the 1920s the Polish Navy entered the 1930s as a small force of less than 20 vessels. Increasing militarism in Germany saw a revitalisation of Polish defence, with new destroyers, submarines and coastal craft ordered. However, the programme started too late and by the outbreak of war the Polish navy comprised a mere 4 destroyers, 5 submarines and assorted small craft. The German onslaught of September 1939 by land and sea could not be resisted an as many ships as could be made mobile escaped to Britain in Operation “Peking” to form the Polish Navy in exile. The Polish Navy remained a sovereign force, working with the Royal navy but distinct from it. Its ships served in the Atlantic, Mediterranean and the Arctic. Its numbers were swelled by ex-RN ships, notably the cruisers Dragon and Danae (renamed Conrad).Although small, the Polish Navy made a vital contribution to the war effort. Perhaps the best tribute to their service can be found in a quote from the British First Sea Lord, Sir Dudley Pound, said in 1942 when decorating Polish submariners. "Last night I asked my Chief of Staff to give me a list of all Polish warships fighting alongside the Royal Navy. I was shocked to learn how few they are because in all despatches of naval operations and major engagements I almost always find a name of a Polish ship that distinguished itself." The Polish Navy Fleet List The following forms the entire fleet list for the Polish Navy. Priority Level: Patrol U class submersible Grom class destroyer Gryf class minelayer Wicher class destroyer PZL P.11 (three flight) G class destroyer PZL P.7 (four flights) N class destroyer PZL 23 (three flights) Ouragan class Destroyer PZL 37 (three flights) M class destroyer Hunt class destroyer escort Priority Level: Skirmish Wilk class submersible Danae class cruiser Orzel class submersible Special Rules Crew Quality Polish Navy ships may be added to any RN force. Due to their extreme professionalism Polish ships are always treated as Veteran or Elite. Observation Aircraft Although none of the ships of the Polish Navy could operate aircraft the Polish Navy did have an air arm equipped with Lublin R-XIII observation aircraft. A Polish fleet in 1939 can have two aircraft of this type on table at the start. The Lublin R-XIII is treated in all respects as a normal observation aircraft. References Most of the data for this article has come from Conways “All the Worlds Warships 1922-1946”. For excellent online references for the WW2 Polish navy I would recommend the following: http://www.polishnavy.pl/enemy/ http://www.ostrycharz.free-online.co.uk/polish_navy.html http://www.polish-navy.org/ Page 1 of 15 The Polish Navy in “Victory at Sea” Danae Class Cruiser Dragon was transferred to the Polish Navy in 1943. She served in British waters until 1944, when she was torpedoed by a German “Neger” mini-sub off the Normandy beaches. She was replaced by the cruiser Danae which was renamed Conrad. Ships of this class: Dragon, Conrad Speed: 6” Turning: 2 Target: 6+ Armour: 3+ Damage: 6/2 Crew: 19/7 Special Traits: In Service: 1916 Weapon Range AD DD Special Secondary Armament 20” 3 1 Weak AAA 5” 3 - Port Torpedoes - 3 4 AP, One-Shot Starboard Torpedoes - 3 4 AP, One-Shot Length: 445 ft. Displacement: 5,925 tons Speed: 29 kts. Crew: 469 Page 2 of 15 The Polish Navy in “Victory at Sea” Grom Class Destroyer When built these British-build destroyers were the fastest ships of their type in the world. Only the first two were completed. The second pair were ordered and were to be built in Poland, but construction had not begun by the time of the start of the war. They fled to Britain and were extensively refitted. Grom was sunk off Narvik in 1940, but Blyskawica still survives, as a museum ship in Gdynia Ships of this class: Grom, Blyskawica, Huragan, Orkan Speed: 7” Turning: 2 Target: 6+ Armour: 2+ Damage: 4/2 Crew: 7/2 Special Traits: Agile In Service: 1935+ Weapon Range AD DD Special Secondary Armament 12” 2 1 Weak AAA 5” 2 - Port/Starboard Torpedoes - 3 4 AP, One-Shot Depth Charges 3” 4 2 Slow-Loading Length: 374 ft. Displacement: 3.383tons Speed: 39 kts. Crew: 180 Page 3 of 15 The Polish Navy in “Victory at Sea” Wicher class Destroyer Ships of this class: Wicher, Burza These destroyers were based on the French Bourrasque class, but were extensively improved. Wicher was sunk by the Luftwaffe during the invasion of Poland, but Burza escaped to Britain. The stats below reflect the ships as delivered. The Post Refit weapon stats reflect Burza as modernized by the RN and optimized for convoy escort. Speed: 7” Turning: 3 Target: 6+ Armour: 2+ Damage: 3/1 Crew: 7/3 Special Traits: Agile In Service: 1930 “As Built” Armament Weapon Range AD DD Special Secondary Armament 12” 1 1 Weak AAA 6” 1 - Port/Starboard Torpedoes - 3 3 AP, One-Shot Depth Charges 3” 4 2 Slow-Loading Post Refit Armament Weapon Range AD DD Special Secondary Armament 12” 1 1 Weak AAA 6” 2 - Port/Starboard Torpedoes - 2 4 AP, One-Shot Depth Charges 3” 8 2 Slow-Loading Length: 352 ft. Displacement: 1,920 tons Speed: 33 kts. Crew: 150 Page 4 of 15 The Polish Navy in “Victory at Sea” G class Destroyer Garland was the first ship transferred to the Polish Navy by the RN. She was a G Class destroyer and retained her old name after transfer. Ships of this class: Garland Speed: 7” Turning: 2 Target: 6+ Armour: 2+ Damage: 3/1 Crew: 8/2 Special Traits: Agile In Service: 1935 Weapon Range AD DD Special Secondary Armament 12” 1 1 Weak AAA 5” 1 - Port/Starboard Torpedoes - 4 4 AP, One-Shot Depth Charges 3” 4 2 Slow-Loading Length: 323 ft. Displacement: 2,095 tons Speed: 36 kts. Crew: 190 Page 5 of 15 The Polish Navy in “Victory at Sea” N Class Destroyer The N Class destroyer Nerrisa was handed over to the Polish Navy in compensation for the destroyer Grom, which was sunk off Norway Ships of this class: Piorun Speed: 7” Turning: 2 Target: 6+ Armour: 2+ Damage: 3/1 Crew: 7/2 Special Traits: Agile In Service: 1938+ Weapon Range AD DD Special Secondary Armament 12” 1 1 Weak AAA 5” 1 - Port/Starboard Torpedoes - 5 4 AP, One-Shot Depth Charges 3” 4 2 Slow-Loading Length: 357 ft. Displacement: 1,690 tons Speed: 36 kts. Crew: 183 Page 6 of 15 The Polish Navy in “Victory at Sea” Ouragan class Destroyer Ships of this class: Ouragan A former French destroyer, the Ouragan was seized after the fall of France and temporarily given to the Polish Navy until 1941, when she was returned to the RN and eventual Free French service. Speed: 7” Turning: 3 Target: 6+ Armour: 2+ Damage: 3/1 Crew: 6/2 Special Traits: Agile In Service: 1930 Weapon Range AD DD Special Secondary Armament 12” 1 1 Weak AAA 6” 1 - Port/STarboard Torpedoes - 3 3 AP, One-Shot Depth Charges 3” 4 2 Slow-Loading Length: 347 ft. Displacement: 1,298 tons Speed: 33 kts. Crew: 145 Page 7 of 15 The Polish Navy in “Victory at Sea” M class Destroyer The ex-Royal navy Myrmidon, transferred to the Polish Navy in 1942. She was sunk in the following year by an acoustic homing torpedo. Ships of this class: Orkan Speed: 7” Turning: 2 Target: 6+ Armour: 2+ Damage: 3/1 Crew: 9/3 Special Traits: Agile In Service: 1940 Weapon Range AD DD Special Secondary Armament 12” 2 1 Weak AAA 5” 1 - Port/Starboard Torpedoes - 4 4 AP, One-Shot Depth Charges 3” 4 2 Slow-Loading Length: 362 ft. Displacement: 2,840 tons Speed: 36 kts. Crew: 226 Page 8 of 15 The Polish Navy in “Victory at Sea” “Hunt” Class Destroyer Escort (Type 2) Three ships of the RN’s “Hunt” Class were transferred to the Polish Navy, the Silverton, Oakley and Bedale became the Krakowiak, Kujawiak and Slazak respectively. Kujawiak was mined of Malta and sunk, but the others survived the war. Ships of this Class: Krakowiak, Kujawiak, Slazak Speed: 5” Turning: 2 Target: 6+ Armour: 2+ Damage: 3/1 Crew: 7/3 Special Traits: Agile, Sub Hunter, Radar In Service: 1941+ Weapon Range AD DD Special Secondary Armament 12” 2 1 Weak AAA 5” 2 - Depth Charges 3” 4 2 Slow-Loading Length: 264 ft. Displacement: 1,625 tons Speed: 27 kts. Crew: 168 Page 9 of 15 The Polish Navy in “Victory at Sea” Wilk Class Submersible Good sea boats, but noisy and prone to leaving traces of oil in their wakes. Rys and Zbik were interned in Sweden, whilst Wilk made it to Britain. Unfortunately she was in a poor condition when she arrived and spent the war serving as a training boat (nevertheless a valuable and important duty) Boats of this class: Rys, Zbik, Wilk Speed: 3”/1” Turning: 3 Target: 6+ Armour: 2+ Damage: 3/1 Crew: 3/1 Special Traits: Submersible In Service: 1929 Weapon Range AD DD Special Secondary Armament 4” 1 1 Slow-Loading, Weak AAA 4” 1 - Forward Torpedoes - 2 4 AP, Slow-Loading Port/Starboard Torpedoes - 1 4 AP, One shot Length: 257 ft. Displacement: 1,250 tons Speed: 14/9 kts.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Naval Headquarters Islamabad Directorate of Public Relations PRESS RELEASE Tel: 20062326 Cell: 0300-8506486
    Naval Headquarters Islamabad Directorate of Public Relations PRESS RELEASE Tel: 20062326 Cell: 0300-8506486 CHIEF OF THE POLISH NAVY VISITS NAVAL HEADQUARTERS ISLAMABAD, 20 Mar 17: Rear Admiral Miroslaw Mordel, Chief of the Polish Navy visited Naval Headquarters Islamabad and called on Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral Muhammad Zakaullah. The visiting dignitary is on an official visit to Pakistan on the invitation of Chief of the Naval Staff. Upon arrival at Naval Headquarters, the visiting Naval Chief was received by Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral Muhammad Zakaullah. A smartly turned out contingent of Pakistan Navy clad in ceremonial dress presented him the Guard of Honour. Thereafter, Admiral Muhammad Zakaullah introduced the visiting dignitary to the Principal Staff Officers at Naval Headquarters. Later, Rear Admiral Miroslaw Mordel called on Chief of the Naval Staff in his office, where he held detailed discussions on professional matters and bilateral naval collaboration in diverse fields with his counterpart. A comprehensive brief on PN’s operational developments was also given to the visiting dignitary. The Polish Naval Chief highly appreciated the efforts of Pakistan Navy in maintaining collaborative security in Indian Ocean and beyond which is also a shared vision of global navies. The Polish Naval Chief also lauded the efforts of Pakistan Navy for hosting/organizing Multi-National Maritime Exercise AMAN-17 in February this year. Admiral Zakaullah thanked Rear Admiral Miroslaw Mordel for active participation of Polish Navy in Multinational Naval Exercise AMAN 17 to join hands for common resolve of ‘Together for Peace’. Rear Admiral Miroslaw Mordel, also called on Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee and Chief of the Air Staff during his engagements at Islamabad.
    [Show full text]
  • The Heroic Destroyer and "Lucky" Ship O.R.P. "Blyskawica"
    Transactions on the Built Environment vol 65, © 2003 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 The heroic destroyer and "lucky" ship O.R.P. "Blyskawica" A. Komorowski & A. Wojcik Naval University of Gdynia, Poland Abstract The destroyer O.R.P. "Blyskawica" is a precious national relic, the only remaining ship that was built before World War I1 (WW2). On the 5oth Anniversary of its service under the Polish flag, it was honoured with the highest military decoration - the Gold Cross of the Virtuti Militari Medal. It has been the only such case in the whole history of the Polish Navy. Its our national hero, war-veteran and very "lucky" warship. "Blyskawica" took part in almost every important operation in Europe throughout WW2. It sailed and covered the Baltic Sea, North Sea, all the area around Great Britain, the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. During the war "Blyskawica" covered a distance of 148 thousand miles, guarded 83 convoys, carried out 108 operational patrols, participated in sinking two warships, damaged three submarines and certainly shot down four war-planes and quite probably three more. It was seriously damaged three times as a result of operational action. The crew casualties aggregated to a total of only 5 killed and 48 wounded petty officers and seamen, so it was a very "lucky" ship during WW2. In July 1947 the ship came back to Gdynia in Poland and started training activities. Having undergone rearmament and had a general overhaul, it became an anti-aircraft defence ship. In 1976 it replaced O.R.P. "Burza" as a Museum-Ship.
    [Show full text]
  • NAVAL FORCES USING THORDON SEAWATER LUBRICATED PROPELLER SHAFT BEARINGS September 7, 2021
    NAVAL AND COAST GUARD REFERENCES NAVAL FORCES USING THORDON SEAWATER LUBRICATED PROPELLER SHAFT BEARINGS September 7, 2021 ZERO POLLUTION | HIGH PERFORMANCE | BEARING & SEAL SYSTEMS RECENT ORDERS Algerian National Navy 4 Patrol Vessels Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2020 Argentine Navy 3 Gowind Class Offshore Patrol Ships Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2022-2027 Royal Australian Navy 12 Arafura Class Offshore Patrol Vessels Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2021-2027 Royal Australian Navy 2 Supply Class Auxiliary Oiler Replenishment (AOR) Ships Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2020 Government of Australia 1 Research Survey Icebreaker Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2020 COMPAC SXL Seawater lubricated propeller Seawater lubricated propeller shaft shaft bearings for blue water bearings & grease free rudder bearings LEGEND 2 | THORDON Seawater Lubricated Propeller Shaft Bearings RECENT ORDERS Canadian Coast Guard 1 Fishery Research Ship Thordon SXL Bearings 2020 Canadian Navy 6 Harry DeWolf Class Arctic/Offshore Patrol Ships (AOPS) Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2020-2022 Egyptian Navy 4 MEKO A-200 Frigates Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2021-2024 French Navy 4 Bâtiments Ravitailleurs de Force (BRF) – Replenishment Vessels Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2021-2027 French Navy 1 Classe La Confiance Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2020 French Navy 1 Socarenam 53 Custom Patrol Vessel Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2019 THORDON Seawater Lubricated Propeller Shaft Bearings | 3 RECENT ORDERS German Navy 4 F125 Baden-Württemberg Class Frigates Thordon COMPAC Bearings 2019-2021 German Navy 5 K130
    [Show full text]
  • J Class Fleet Destroyer
    J CLASS FLEET DESTROYER FEATURE ARTICLE written by James Davies For KEY INFORMATION Country of Origin: Great Britain. Manufacturers: Hawthorn Leslie, John Brown, Denny, Fairfield, Swan Hunter, White, Yarrow Major Variants: J class, K class, N class, Q class, R class (new), S class (new), T class, U class, V class (new), W class (new), Z class, CA class, CH class, CO class, CR class, Weapon class Role: Fleet protection, reconnaissance, convoy escort Operated by: Royal Navy (Variants also Polish Navy, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Netherlands Navy, Royal Norwegian Navy) First Laid Down: 26th August 1937 Last Completed: 12th September 1939 Units: HMS Jervis, HMS Jersey, HMS Jaguar, HMS Juno, HMS Jupiter, HMS Janus, HMS Jackal, HMS Javelin Released by ww2ships.com BRITISH DESTROYERS www.WW2Ships.com FEATURE ARTICLE J Class Fleet Destroyer © James Davies Contents CONTENTS J Class Fleet Destroyer............................................................................................................1 Key Information.......................................................................................................................1 Contents.....................................................................................................................................2 Introduction...............................................................................................................................3 Development.............................................................................................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • NATO's Selective Sea Blindness—Assessing the Alliance's New
    Naval War College Review Volume 72 Article 4 Number 3 Summer 2019 2019 NATO’s Selective Sea Blindness—Assessing the Alliance’s New Navies Thomas-Durell Young Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Young, Thomas-Durell (2019) "NATO’s Selective Sea Blindness—Assessing the Alliance’s New Navies," Naval War College Review: Vol. 72 : No. 3 , Article 4. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol72/iss3/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Young: NATO’s Selective Sea Blindness—Assessing the Alliance’s New Navie NATO’S SELECTIVE SEA BLINDNESS Assessing the Alliance’s New Navies Thomas-Durell Young overnments of the countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) are guilty of inattention to, and sea blindness in, modernizing their Gnavies� While among “old” NATO navies this reality is understood and docu- mented widely, the state of development and readiness of those navies considered “new” receives considerably less attention�1 On examination, these new navies are deficient in building integrated capabilities, ensuring common operating proce- dures, projecting battlespace awareness, and accomplishing interoperability in all maritime combat domains� This is because of a combination
    [Show full text]
  • 'Poland's Navy, 1918-1945'
    H-War Jones on Peszke, 'Poland's Navy, 1918-1945' Review published on Wednesday, November 1, 2000 Michael A. Peszke. Poland's Navy, 1918-1945. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1999. ix + 215 pp. $29.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-7818-0672-5. Reviewed by Mark H. Jones (Department of History & Social Science, St. Luke's School, New Canaan, Connecticut) Published on H-War (November, 2000) A common technique in writing a book review is to compare the item under consideration with similar titles. In this case, no comparison is possible because Poland's Navy 1918-1945 is the first English- language study on the topic. Michael Peszke, whose father served in Poland's tiny naval aviation service between the wars, has written widely on all aspects of the Polish military between 1918 and 1945 (e.g. Peszke 1981, 1994, 1995). While the Polish Navy (PN) was an active and capable participant in World War II, it has been overshadowed in the literature by its much larger sister services. Book-length accounts in English treat the Polish Army (Anders 1981, Sosabowski 1982) and Polish Air Force (Polish Air Force Association 1949, Cynk 1998). Prior to the publication ofPoland's Navy, 1918-1945, the available literature in English on the Polish Navy during World War II was limited to a handful of short articles in specialist naval history and naval architecture magazines and journals. Historians could also find brief accounts of Polish naval operations in the official British study of the Royal Navy during World War II (Roskill 1954-60). Poland's Navy, 1918-1945 fills a gap in the literature of the greatest war in history.
    [Show full text]
  • MARITIME Security &Defence M
    May MARITIME 2021 a7.50 Security D 14974 E &Defence MSD From the Sea and Beyond ISSN 1617-7983 • Seasn i Transition… • 1-to-1: Commander RNLN www.maritime-security-defence.com • • MCM Vessels & Mines MITTLER • The Adriatic & The Baltic May 2021 • Fuel Cells, BMD & Cyber REPORT Marine Systems The Netherlands’ HDW Class 212CD E. European scope. German quality. Built in Holland. Experience counts. thyssenkrupp Marine Systems is one of the world’s leading naval system providers. Our sub marines, naval surface vessels and maritime defence equipment is known for superior technological excellence, reliability and longevity. Based on over 100 years of submarine experience and cutting-edge technologies, we have already provided more than 160 highly capable and stealthy submarines to over 20 navies worldwide. Our engagement is not constrained to technological and developmental issues, but is founded on long-lasting co-operations with navies, procurement offices and industrial partners. See the benchmark for non-nuclear submarines at www.thyssenkrupp-marinesystems.com Editorial Britain’s Integrated Review: Photo: author Setting a Course for Change March 2021 saw the conclusion of a long-awaited review of the United Kingdom’s future security and defence policy with the publication of two important documents aimed at setting out a framework for the post-Brexit era. Whilst squarely directed towards defining “Global Britain’s” strategic relationship with the rest of the world, the review’s conclusions contain much of relevance to other western democ- racies struggling to chart a course against the backdrop of a fast-changing world order. Moreover, both documents provide some insights into the political and technological factors that will influence future global maritime developments.
    [Show full text]
  • The Navies of the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic
    Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1983 The navies of the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic: a comparison and analysis of structures, alliance relations, doctrine, and capabilities. Tindall, John M. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/19914 Dudley Knox Library. MPS Monterey, CA 93943 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS THE NAVIES OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY AND THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC: A COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES, ALLIANCE RELATIONS, DOCTRINE, AND CAPABILITIES by John M. Tindall June 1983 Th esis Advisor: David S. Yost Approved for public release; distribution unlimited, T208 . UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (TWian Dmtm Bnfrmd) READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM I. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER 4. T.TLEr-ndSubm/.; The Navies of the Federal 5. TYPE OF REPORT 4 PERIOD COVERED Republic of Germany and the German Demo- Master's Thesis; cratic Republic: A Comparison and Analy- June 1983 sis of Structures, Alliance Relations, S. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER Doctrine, and Capabilities 7. AUTHORf*) 8 CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERS,! John M. Tindall » PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO AOORESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 93940 I I. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME ANO AOORESS 12. REPORT DATE Naval Postgraduate School June 1983 Monterey, California 93940 13. NUMBER OF PAGES 99 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME » ADORESSfif df/farant from Controlling Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS, (at thla report) Unclassified 15a. DECLASSIFICATION/ DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE IS. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT foi ihit Report) Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
    [Show full text]
  • Poland's 'Orka' Submarine Program. Part 1. the HDW Class 212A/214
    Pulaski Policy Papers Komentarz Międzynarodowy Pułaskiego ISSN 2080-8852 Warsaw, 18.08.2017 Author: Rafał Lipka Poland’s ‘Orka’ submarine program. Part 1. The HDW Class 212A/214 submarines – ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems On March 9, 2017, the Pulaski Foundation organised the first out of a three seminars concerning technologies and combat capabilities of conventional submarines competing in the ‘Orka’ program, which is intended to select modern submarine design for the Polish Navy. The first seminar was dedicated to German experiences in terms of conventional submarines. The Pulaski Foundation organized the seminar in cooperation with ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS) and the representatives of the Germany Navy. Participants of the seminar, including experts from research centres and public ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems declares that all new institutions, were presented with a vessels for the Navy can be built in Polish shipyards. detailed information on the German offer. However, the producer points out that the The procurement of German submarines construction cost will be based on the technologies, designed by TKMS has been analysed which Polish government wants to purchase to several years ago by the Polish Armed extend the capabilities of the defence industry. Forces. In June 2008, a Polish Navy delegation paid a visit to the shipyard in Germany in order to observe the construction process of the HDW 214 Class submarine and compare these vessels to French and Swedish projects. The German company, however, has finally decided to offer the HDW 212A Class submarines (which is based on different design and requirements than the 214 Class) together with the 214 Class submarines.
    [Show full text]
  • Polish Experience in Developing and Employing Unmanned Surface Vehicles at Sea
    ZESZYTY NAUKOWE AKADEMII MARYNARKI WOJENNEJ SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF POLISH NAVAL ACADEMY 2017 (LVIII) 3 (210) DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.6584 Zygmunt Kitowski POLISH EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING AND EMPLOYING UNMANNED SURFACE VEHICLES AT SEA ABSTRACT This article is based on an analysis of missions carried out by unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). It discusses measures taken in Poland to develop such vehicles, designed to provide support to operations conducted by the country’s maritime services, security and monitoring of seaports and critical objects. It summarizes the results of research and development efforts and presents a new approach to employing these vehicles throughout the world. Key words: unmanned surface vehicles, swarm of unmanned vehicles. INTRODUCTION A threat to ships in anchorages, roadsteads, water lanes and ports seaward, the necessity to protect and monitor seaports and critical objects resulting from the increased threat level of terrorist attacks in littoral waters have resulted in R&D projects focused on protection systems for seaports and ships in anchorages. They have been carried out by the naval forces of many countries, including Poland, for several years. One of the forms of such protection is the continual patrolling of lit- toral waters — on water lanes and approaches to ports, naval bases, and roadsteads. Uninterrupted patrolling requires the use of many patrol vessels. Employing exclu- sively manned patrol vessels is associated with certain limitations: length of time Polish Naval Academy, Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Śmidowicza 69 Str., 81-127 Gdynia, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 55 Zygmunt Kitowski for patrolling, monotony concerned with the task being carried out and human factor resistance to high seas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Baltic Sea of Changes
    FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES THE BALTIC SEA OF CHANGES Mikko Viitasalo Bo Österlund National Defence College Helsinki 1996 Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the National Defence College, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the College. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the National Defence College. Editor: Kalevi Ruhala Editorial Assistant: Matti Hongisto Editorial Board: Chairman Prof. Pekka Sivonen, National Defence College Dr. Pauli Järvenpää, Ministry of Defence Col. Erkki Nordberg, Defence Staff Dr., Lt.Col. (ret.) Pekka Visuri, Finnish Institute of International Affairs Dr. Matti Vuorio, Scientific Committee for National Defence Published by NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE P.O. Box 266 FIN - 00171 Helsinki FINLAND FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES 9 THE BALTIC - SEA OF CHANGES Mikko Viitasalo Bo Österlund National Defence College Helsinki 1996 ISBN 951-25-0812-5 ISSN 0788-5571 © Copyright 1996: National Defence College All rights reserved Oy Edita Ab Pasilan pikapaino Helsinki 1996 CONTENTS FOREWORD............................................................................... 5 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................. 7 1.1The change in Baltic naval strategy following the disintegration of the Warsaw Pact ...................................... 7 1.2 Problematic issues .........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of the Polish Navy After 1918 – Selected Problems
    STUDIA ORIENTALNE 2019, nr 1 (15) ISSN 2299-1999 https://doi.org/10.15804/so2019105 Antoni F. Komorowski1, Marika Sokół2 The development of the Polish Navy after 1918 – selected problems Introduction The end of the First World War, unfavourable for the central countries, led to huge political changes on the European map of the time. In 1918, after almost a century and a half of enslavement, Poland regained its independence. In the beginning, Poland had no sea access and it was not sure if it ever was to gain one. However, Poland decided not to wait idly for the victorious countries to make the decision regarding the matter and directly after regaining the inde- pendence, it started creating the Polish Navy structures. In 1918 the Navy was born and had to face countless obstacles on its way to full development – most of the problems concerned the equipment and executive commandment. The cadre was formed by specialists coming from three areas of partition – Russian, Prussian and Austria-Hungarian. There were no ports as well as no place to make it naval headquarters. During the interwar period there were four new ports built in Poland: Gdynia, Jastarnia, Władysławowo, and Hel (which was strictly war port). Only Gdynia and Hel were destined to become bigger ones with wharfs and naval fleet supply. The enlisted port investments were realized due to the loans given to Poland by France. The plans concerning the development of the Polish war fleet were ambi- tious and long-term. In the often-changing concepts the main idea was to remember that Poland’s biggest opponent will be the Soviet Union, but there 1 Polish Naval Academy of the Heroes of Westerplatte, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003- 2089-2870, e-mail: [email protected].
    [Show full text]