Front Matter

Cambridge University Press 0521620570 - The English in Rome, 1362-1420: Portrait of an Expatriate Community Margaret Harvey Frontmatter More information

Centred on a study of the early archives of the Venerabile Collegio Inglese in Rome, the predecessor of the English College of today, this book is more than a study of the beginnings of English institutions in Rome. It attempts to place the English community there between 1362, when the ®rst English hospice for poor people and pilgrims was founded, and 1420 in its political, commercial and religious setting. It includes a description of a group of English merchants, with their wives and widows, as well as members of the papal curia in Rome (from 1376), including a study of Cardinal Adam Easton, a well-known scholar and opponent of John Wycliffe. The book also uncovers a notable although unsuccessful attempt to forward English participation in commerce with Rome before 1420, revealing important links between the English laity in Rome and the city of London.

margaret harvey is Senior Lecturer in History, University of Durham. Her previous publications include Solutions to the Schism: A Study of Some English Attitudes, 1378±1409 (1983) and England, Rome and the Papacy, 1420±1464: The Study of a Relationship (1993).

Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought

THE ENGLISH IN ROME, 1362±1420

Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought Fourth Series

General editor d. e. luscombe Leverhulme Personal Research Professor of Medieval History, University of Shef®eld Advisory editors r. b. dobson Professor of Medieval History, University of Cambridge, and Fellow of Christ's College rosamond mckitterick Professor of Early Medieval European History, University of Cambridge, and Fellow of Newnham College

The series Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought was inaugurated by G. G. Coulton in 1921; Professor D. E. Luscombe now acts as General Editor of the Fourth Series, with Professors R. B. Dobson and Rosamond McKitterick as Advisory Editors. The series brings together outstanding work by medieval scholars over a wide range of human endeavour extending from political economy to the history of ideas.

For a list of titles in the series, see end of book.

THE ENGLISH IN ROME 1362±1420 Portrait of an Expatriate Community

MARGARET HARVEY

published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom

cambridge university press

The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb22ru, UK http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk 40 West 20th Street, New York ny 10011±4211, USA http://www.cup.org 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia

# Margaret Harvey 1999

This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 1999

Printed in United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

Typeset in 11/12pt Bembo [ce]

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data Harvey, Margaret (Margaret M.) The English in Rome, 1362±1420 : portrait of an expatriate community / Margaret Harvey. p. cm. ± (Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought: 4th ser.) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0 521 62057 0 1. British ± Italy ± Rome ± History ± To 1500. 2. Italy ± Foreign relations ± Great Britain. 3. Great Britain ± Foreign relations ± Italy. 4. Rome (Italy) ± History ± 476±1420. I. Title. II. Series. dg807.8b75h37 1999 920'.009w22-45632 ± dc21 99±23256 cip [B]

isbn 0 521 62057 0 hardback

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements page viii List of abbreviations ix Maps xi

Introduction 1 1 The setting I: Rome in the later fourteenth century, 1362±1376 10 2 The setting II: Rome 1376±1420 31 3 S Thomas's hospice 55 4 S Chrysogonus' hospice and other enterprises 77 5 The laity in Rome 91 6Women 120 7 The English in the curia 1378±1420: I 132 8 The English in the curia 1378±1420: II 149 9 The career of John Fraunceys 174 10 Adam Easton, an English cardinal: his career 188 11 Adam Easton's ideas and their sources 213 12 Conclusion 238

Bibliography 240 Index 260

vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The debts I have accumulated whilst working on this subject are legion. The most important is to the Rector and staff of the Venerabile Collegio Inglese in Rome who provided hospitality beyond the call of duty over many weeks. I most particularly thank Mgr Toffolo, the Rector, for allowing me to stay and Sister Amadeus Bulger for providing splendidly for my comfort. A whole series of student Archivists gave up their leisure to look after me also. I likewise thank Frau Dr Ingrid Schwarz of Collegio S Maria dell'Anima in Rome who not only answered queries but supplied much needed photographs very quickly when I was unable to come to see for myself. Others who have helped are mentioned in footnotes, but I must in particular thank Professor Richard Sharpe for his kindness and encouragement and Dr Joan Greatrex for her generosity; both supplied me with material on Adam Easton which I would certainly not have noticed. Dr Ian Doyle in Durham has been a constant source of generous help too. Several others have also been of great assistance. Professor Barrie Dobson read the entire ®rst draft and supplied heartening correctives and encouragement. Professor Richard Britnell also read the entire ®rst draft, having earlier urged me to think more deeply about economic matters (doing some of the thinking for me); he and his wife Dr Jennifer Britnell supplied encouragement, both material and otherwise, at various important points. Mr Alan Heesom cheerfully ferried me to and fro for several weeks at the end of the writing when I was in plaster; to him, to Dr Judith Turner, Mrs Cherry Dowrick and Dr Mary Watts is owed the fact that the book was ®nished more or less on time. To Dr Anne Orde I owe warmest thanks for constant encouragement, coffee, wine, food and taxi-service which made the whole task much easier. This book is offered to her with gratitude.

viii

ABBREVIATIONS

AC Rome, Archivio Capitolino AFP Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum AHP Archivum Historiae Ponti®ciae AS Rome, Archivio di Stato ASV Vatican, Archivio Segreto Vaticano AVB Analecta Vaticano-Belgica BIHR Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research BJRL Bulletin of the John Rylands Library BL British Library BRUC A. B. Emden, Biographical Register of the University of Cambridge BRUO A. B. Emden, Biographical Register of the University of Oxford CCCC Cambridge, Corpus Christi College CCR Calendar of Close Rolls CH Pseudo-Dionysius, Celestial Hierarchy CPL Calendar of Papal Letters CPP Calendar of Papal Petitions CPR Calendar of Patent Rolls CYS Canterbury and York Society DBI Dizionario Biogra®co degli Italiani DCN Dean and Chapter of Norwich DRGS Documents Relatifs au Grand Schisme EETS Early English Text Society EHR English Historical Review JEH Journal of Ecclesiastical History Le Neve (followed J. Le Neve, Fasti, new edn, with diocese by name of diocese) m. followed by a number, membrana (deed) from

List of abbreviations Rome, Venerabile Collegio Inglese. In Venerabile they have dates, but they are now numbered NRO Norfolk Record Of®ce PL Patrologia Latina QFAIB Quellen und Forschungen aus Italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken RG Repertorium Germanicum RS Rolls Series Rot. Parl. Rotuli Parliamentorum SS Surtees Society V Vatican Library, MS Vat.Lat. with a number VCH Victoria County History Venerabile with no number, Sexcentenary issue, 21 (1961) other issues numbered WAM Westminster Abbey Muniments X Decretales of Gregory IX, with numbers of parts and chapters following

to S. Sebastiano to S.

UILINE

to Nomentans Ponte ESQ Baths of Diocletian S. Stefano S. Rotondo S. Maria S. Maggiore

S. Pietro S. Vincoli in VIMINAL

Colosseum VIA APPIA CAELIAN

Basilica of Maxentius

IRINAL

Q PINCIO Baths of Caracalla S. Marco S. S.S. Apostoli S.S. FORUM PALATINE CAPITOLINE

TA f.l.m. Paolo to S. R LA Theatre of Marcellus

O O 5

S S OR I

EL C L D AVENTINE

VIA A

S. Maria del Popolo S. A

P Porta del Popolo Porta Pantheon Piazzo Navona A

V 3 4 TESTACCIO Jewish Ghetto 2 1 to Milvio Ponte S. Maria in S. Trastevere TRASTEVERE 7 Only selective sites are shown. 6 Campo de'Fiori VIA RECTA Ponte Sant'Angelo 1 The city of Rome in the Middle Ages. Castel Sant'Angelo

JANICULUM BORGO Porta di Porta Pietro S. VIA DEL PELLEGRINO to Monte Mario S. Peter's S. 1. 2. Maria dell' Anima S. 3. Sant' Apollinare 4. Sant' Agostino 5. Sant' Eustachio 6. Maria Minerva Sopra S. 7. in Damaso San Lorenzo Orsini on Monte Giordano Palazzo

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521620570 - The English in Rome, 1362-1420: Portrait of an Expatriate Community Margaret Harvey Frontmatter More information 0 500 1000 metres 4 I III II 3 X IV 2 IX Mo dMern XI XII VIII Rioni VI 3 V VII XIII 1 Monti Tr ev i Colonna Campo Marzio Ponte Parione Regola Sant'Eustachio Pigna Campitelli Sant'Angelo Ripa Trastevere 1. 2. Peter S. in Capite Silvestro 3. S. 4. Maria Nova S. Sancta Sanctorum RIONI I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. XIII.

Castel S. Angelo

S. Maria dell Anima Piazza Navona

VIA C O

di R S BANCHI O

VECCHI

D I VIA dei VITT VIA PEL O RIO L E G R S. Lorenzzo di IN E O in Damaso MANU VIA di ORO MONSERMONTS. Thomas Piazza della E LE VIA of Canterbury Cancelleria Campo R A dei Fiori TO Piazza GIULIA Farnese Piazza S. Caterina d Rota

3 Modern Rome round former S Thomas's hospice.