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Home , 1999 French Open, Anabel Medina Garrigues, Backhand, Double fault (tennis), Flat (tennis), Forehand

PACKET # 3

INSTRUCTIONS

This Learning Packet has two parts: (1) text to read and (2) questions to answer.

The text describes a particular or physical activity, and relates its history, rules, playing techniques, scoring, notes and news.

The Response Forms (questions and puzzles) check your understanding and appreciation of the sport or physical activity.

INTRODUCTION

Tennis is among the most popular in the . It is played by amateurs and professionals, children and adults, women and men. It can be played for sheer enjoyment or in fiercely competitive , such as the famous , and the Wimbledon . Like , it requires agility, speed and almost continuous motion the part of the player. It is often recommended as a good means of .

HISTORY OF TENNIS

The that we know as “tennis” today (officially known as “ tennis”) was created by a British citizen, Major Walter C. Wingfield, who introduced the game to Britain in 1873. The following year saw the introduction of the already-popular game to America.

However, the real apparently goes back far beyond Major Wingfield’s day. A version of tennis was played in ancient Greece and in in the 1400s.

The first tennis tournament was played at Wimbledon in in 1877. While Wimble- don is still considered the most famous and prestigious tennis tournament in the world, the Davis Cup and Wightman Cup tournaments are also important annual events.

Physical Education Learning Packets #3 Tennis Text © 2008 The Advantage Press, Inc. HOW THE GAME IS PLAYED

A tennis game always starts with the . The server stands behind the base line on the right side of the court. The is tossed into the air and hit diagonally across the into the opponent’s court. The opponent then has to hit the ball after the first bounce, and return it back across the net to the server.

A “fault” is committed when the server hits the net with the ball or when the ball is hit outside the service court. The second time a server tries to serve and fails, “a ” occurs. The opponent automatically gains a after a double fault.

Faults can also occur when the server touches the base line or any other part of the court with his/her feet while serving.

A “let ball” is a serve that touches the net but lands in the correct place. This type of ball does not count; the server must serve again.

A ball that touches the net during play is called a “net ball.” Net balls are legal and must be played.

Once the first point is made, the server then serves from behind the left base line. The server continues until the opponent wins the serve or until a fault occurs.

The first point in a tennis game is 15, the sec- ond is 30 and the third is 40. The final (or fourth point) is the GAME POINT.

A player must score four points in order to win a game. In a tie game, both sides or players may score three points, or 40-40 (a ‘DEUCE”). If a player or side wins two more points after a deuce, the game is won.

The “AD” or ADVANTAGE is the first point scored after the deuce. When both players

Physical Education Learning Packets #3 Tennis Text © 2008 The Advantage Press, Inc. score a point after a deuce, the game returns to 40-40 again.

The score “LOVE” means zero. If a game has the score 30-love, it means the score is 30 to zero. Nobody knows why the term “love” is used in tennis, but it is generally believed to have originated from the French word “l’ouve,” which means “egg.” An egg is round like a circle, hence its association with a zero.

A SET means that one side or player has won six . The winner of the set must win by two games. A MATCH means that two out of three sets have been won.

PLAYING TECHNIQUES

THE SERVE

There are four types of serves in tennis: the flat serve, the slice serve, the kick serve and the American twist. While the slice is the most common and effective serve, all four types of serves demand a controlled toss and good follow-through.

To execute the serve properly, the player raises the racquet back to a point where it reaches over his or her right shoulder. The player’s elbow is kept straight in the air. The proper stance is straight, not bent at the waist. The ball is then tossed up into the air. As the ball comes down, the server moves forward and strikes the ball with the racquet, driving it over the net toward the other player or players.

FOREHAND DRIVE

This move is one of the two main strokes used for returning the ball after one bounce. When the ball approaches the player’s racquet-hand side, the drive is used—ba- sically, as a way of blocking the ball. The wrist maintains a firm position and keeps the racquet face open. All contact with the ball should take place in front of the player’s body.

Physical Education Learning Packets #3 Tennis Text © 2008 The Advantage Press, Inc. DRIVE

This move is the other main stroke used to return a ball after one bounce. In the backhand drive, the ball goes to the opposite side of the racquet hand. The player moves the arm across the body and, as with the forehand drive, maintains a firm wrist and elbow. Again, contact with the ball is made in front of the player’s body.

VOLLEY

The famous once offered this advice about the : “Keep it short and simple.” The player’s knees should be bent and legs slightly apart while the weight of the body is forward. The elbows should be turned in toward the body as the body pivots and the shoulder turns toward the ball.

The power of the volley comes not from the swing, but from a firm wrist, good timing and the ability to keep one’s body weight forward.

LOB

The features a short backswing, an open racquet face and an upward motion. The follow-through on this shot is shorter than on other shots. The goal of the lob is to hit the ball over the opponent’s in order to drive him/her back in the court.

SLICE

The forehand and backhand slices are used to make the ball spin and bounce crookedly. In the forehand slice, the player’s shoulders should turn as the racquet is brought back above the level of the ball. The racquet head is tilted upward at this point, while the player’s weight is kept forward. Ideally, the follow-through on this shot is kept short.

In the backhand slice, the player turns as the

Physical Education Learning Packets #3 Tennis Text © 2008 The Advantage Press, Inc. racquet is brought back above the level of the ball. The wrist is kept stiff as contact with the ball occurs in front of the player’s body.

EQUIPMENT AND CLOTHING

Tennis is usually played in loose-fitting shorts for men or short skirts for women. Athletic shoes are needed to brace the feet and ankles during violent maneuvers. Light polo shirts or blouses are worn to provide freedom of movement.

TENNIS NOTES AND NEWS

Wimbledon

The final of the women’s singles included sixth seed, 2002 and 2003 Wimbledon Ser- ena Williams and seventh seed, 2000, 2001, 2005 and 2007 champion who met for the third time in a Wimbledon final, and for the seventh time overall in finals, with Serena winning five of the six previous encounters. Serena made the stron- ger start, breaking her sister in her first service game, and quickly took a 4–2 lead, as Venus struggled with her return. The momentum of the first set then shifted, when Venus started to play more aggressively, breaking Serena to even the score, and breaking her again in the last game to win the set 7–5 after fifty-three minutes. Venus struggled again with her serve in the beginning of the second set, saving a break point in her first ser- vice game, She was broken in her second, but broke back to 2–2. Both players then held their serve up to 5–4, when Serena found herself serving to stay in the match at 15-40, saving the first , but losing the second on an unforced error to give Venus the break and a 7–5, 6–4 victory after one hour and eleven minutes of play. The win allowed Venus to defend her title and was her fifth Wimbledon title, her seventh Grand Slam title overall.

After playing their single’s match, and Venus Williams, met sixteenth- seeded , and 2002 champion , to play the mixed doubles final in the tournament. The proved to be as dominant through the final as they were during the whole competition, in which they lost no set and knocked out several seeded teams, among them champions

Physical Education Learning Packets #3 Tennis Text © 2008 The Advantage Press, Inc. and , as Serena and Venus broke twice in each of the sets, saving three break points in the first set, and not facing a single one in the second, to claim the 2008 Wimbledon doubles title after a mere fifty-eight minutes of play, on the score of 6–2, 6–2. The doubles title was Serena and Venus’ third in Wimbledon, and the seventh overall together, since the . The win also marked the third time the sisters won the doubles title of Wimbledon while one of them won the singles title, and the second in which they won the doubles while both of them played the singles final.

The men’s singles match saw win the first Wimbledon title of his career and fifth Grand Slam tournament. No. 1 seed and five time champion was aiming to equal ’s record of six consecutive Wimbledon titles (1881–86), and edge ever closer to ’s record of 14 Grand Slam titles, of which Federer had 12. Nadal, the No. 2 seed and four-time French Open champion was Federer’s challenger for the third consecutive year, and was aiming to become the first man since Björn Borg to win the French Open and Wimbledon in the same year. Nadal’s countryman, , the last Spaniard to have won the Wimbledon title (in 1966), said Nadal could take inspiration from ’s victory in the recent European Championships, which Spain had last won in 1964.

Nadal began well, winning the first set 6–4 in just under an hour, and taking the second by the same scoreline, despite having been down 4–1 at one point. The third set was in- terrupted by rain delays but the players returned to finish the set with a tie break, which Federer won by seven points to five. The fourth mirrored the third by also going to a tie break, in which Nadal took a 5–2 lead. Nadal was on serve but served a double fault and then was forced by Federer in to a hitting a backhand into the net. Later in the tie break, Nadal had two championship points, including one on his serve, which he squandered, with Federer triumphing 10-8, and forcing a final set. The fifth set went only four games before another rain delay; the score was 2–2 (40–40) when they returned. Nadal eventually prevailed, winning the final set 9–7. Nadal celebrated his win by climbing to his fam- ily in the crowd, including coach , and then traversed a roofed area to shake hands with members of Spanish royalty. Pundit and three-time Wimbledon champion John McEnroe lauded it as “the greatest match I have ever seen.”

Physical Education Learning Packets #3 Tennis Text © 2008 The Advantage Press, Inc. The U.S. Open

In a men’s final that made up in historical significance what it lacked in drama, Roger Federer dispatched 6-2, 7-5, 6-2 in Stadium at the U.S. Open to become the first player to win five straight Open titles and five straight Wim- bledon crowns.

The victory was Federer’s 13th major championship, bringing him within one of the leader, Pete Sampras.

“One thing’s for sure,” Federer said. “I’m not going to stop at 13. That would be ter- rible.”

Terribly unlucky, anyway, which was an apt description of the first eight months of Federer’s . He lost in the semifinals while battling mono- nucleosis. He lost in the finals of the French Open and Wimbledon to a surging Rafael Nadal, who ended Federer’s four-and-a-half-year run at No. 1.

Physical Education Learning Packets #3 Tennis Text © 2008 The Advantage Press, Inc. 2008 Olympic Results:

Men’s Singles: Gold: NADAL Rafael, Spain Silver: GONZALEZ Fernando, Chile Bronze: DJOKOVIC Novak,

Women’s Singles: Gold: DEMENTIEVA Elena, Russian Fed. Silver: SAFINA Dinara, Russian Fed. Bronze: ZVONAREVA Vera, Russian Fed

Men’s Doubles: Gold: FEDERER Roger and WAWRINKA Stanislas, Silver: ASPELIN Simon and JOHANSSON Thomas, Sweden Bronze: BRYAN Bob and BRYAN Mike, USA

Women’s Doubles: Gold: WILLIAMS Serena and WILLIAMS Venus, USA Silver: MEDINA GARRIGUES Anabel and RUANO PASCUAL Virginia, Spain Bronze: Zi and Jie,

Keep current with the sport of tennis by visiting these tennis websites: http://www.atptour.com/ http://www.ncaasports.com/ http://www.tennisserver.com/ http://www.tennis.com

Physical Education Learning Packets #3 Tennis Text © 2008 The Advantage Press, Inc. STUDENT RESPONSE PACKET TENNIS

NAME ______

DATE ______

WHAT TO DO

The following questions will help you to have a greater appreciation and understanding of tennis. Write your answers in the spaces below the questions. If there is not enough room, write on the backs of these sheets. Be neat, spell correctly, and write in complete sentences.

1. What are the physical benefits of playing tennis?

2. What is “a fault” in tennis?

3. What is a “let ball?” a “net ball?”

4. When and where was tennis first played?

Physical Education Learning Packets #3 Tennis Text © 2008 The Advantage Press, Inc. 5. Name the four types of serves in tennis.

6. What is the tennis volley and how is it executed?

7. What does the score “love” mean in tennis?

8. What does “a set” in tennis mean?

9. What is the first point in a tennis score?

10. What comprises “a match” in tennis?

Physical Education Learning Packets #3 Tennis Text © 2008 The Advantage Press, Inc. Physical Education 3 Crossword Name: ______Date: ______

Across: Down: 1. Martina says keep it short and 2. Comes from the French word for simple “egg” 5. A popular tennis tournament 3. Tennis was originally played on this 7. Most famous tennis tournament 4. This major introduced tennis to Eng- 9. One must win at least six of land in 1873 these to win the set 6. There are this many types of serves in 12. Love in tennis means this for a tennis score 8. One type of drive 14. When the server hits the net 10. Short backswing and upward motion with the ball 11. A tennis game starts with one of these 15. The direction of the player’s 13. Makes the ball bounce and spin weight when hitting a slice 15. Another type of drive 17. A score of 40-40 16. The first point scored after deuce 19. It is in the middle of the court 18. The server hits the net with the ball and the ball must be hit over it and the ball lands in the right place

Physical Education Learning Packets #3 Tennis Text © 2008 The Advantage Press, Inc. Name: ______Date: ______Physical Education 3 Word Search

Use the clues below to discover words in the above puzzle. Circle the words.

1. One type of drive 2. Another type of drive 3. A tennis game starts with one of these 4. One must win at least six of these to win the set 5. Tennis was originally played on this 6. The server hits the net with the ball and the ball lands in the right place 7. When the server hits the net with the ball 8. Comes from the French word for “egg” 9. A score of 40-40 10. Short backswing and upward motion 11. Makes the ball bounce and spin 12. Love in tennis means this for a score 13. This major introduced tennis to England in 1873 14. Martina says keep it short and simple 15. Famous tennis tournament 16. The direction of the player’s weight when hitting a slice 17. Most famous tennis tournament 18. The first point scored after deuce 19. There are this many types of serves in tennis 20. It is in the middle of the court and the ball must be hit over it

Physical Education Learning Packets #3 Tennis Text © 2008 The Advantage Press, Inc.