Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing Language Shift, Revisited: a 21St Century Perspective
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
71 What Do You Lose When You Lose Your Language?1
Stabilizing Indigenous Languages What Do You Lose When You Lose Your Language?1 Joshua Fishman The first paper that I wrote in 1948 on native languages had to do with what is the impact of bilingualism on students. There were still parents then who were concerned that if their children learned another language it would ruin their English accent. If you would hear the tones of another languages every time they spoke English, how would they get a job and what would people think of them? Today, forty-five years later, we are still not “home” at convincing public opinion and the authorities that it is worth having all the languages we have today. Therefore, I want to start with this question, “What is lost when a lan- guage is lost?” It is amazing how people are uncomfortable about answering that question. I remember my mother always telling me, “When you start off a talk, make sure people know what the question is and ask a good question. A good question is worth everything.” And I would say to her, “Ma, you know, Americans, they start off a conference with a joke. You have to tell a joke for people to know that you’re about to speak?” She said, “Jokes? Ask a good ques- tion” That is an old Jewish tradition, if you have a good question, you have something worthwhile to worry about. Attitudes toward language-loss depend on your perspective. When a lan- guage is lost, you might look at that from the perspective of the individual. -
The Vitality of Quebec's English-Speaking Communities: from Myth to Reality
SENATE SÉNAT CANADA THE VITALITY OF QUEBEC’S ENGLISH-SPEAKING COMMUNITIES: FROM MYTH TO REALITY Report of the Standing Senate Committee on Official Languages The Honourable Maria Chaput, Chair The Honourable Andrée Champagne, P.C., Deputy Chair October 2011 (first published in March 2011) For more information please contact us by email: [email protected] by phone: (613) 990-0088 toll-free: 1 800 267-7362 by mail: Senate Committee on Official Languages The Senate of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0A4 This report can be downloaded at: http://senate-senat.ca/ol-lo-e.asp Ce rapport est également disponible en français. Top photo on cover: courtesy of Morrin Centre CONTENTS Page MEMBERS ORDER OF REFERENCE PREFACE INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1 QUEBEC‘S ENGLISH-SPEAKING COMMUNITIES: A SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ........................................................... 4 QUEBEC‘S ENGLISH-SPEAKING COMMUNITIES: CHALLENGES AND SUCCESS STORIES ...................................................... 11 A. Community life ............................................................................. 11 1. Vitality: identity, inclusion and sense of belonging ......................... 11 2. Relationship with the Francophone majority ................................. 12 3. Regional diversity ..................................................................... 14 4. Government support for community organizations and delivery of services to the communities ................................ -
Community Development in English-Speaking Communities in Québec: Lessons Learned from a Participatory Action Research Project
Community development in English-speaking communities in Québec: lessons learned from a participatory action research project INSTITUT NATIONAL DE SANTÉ PUBLIQUE DU QUÉBEC Community development in English-speaking communities in Québec: lessons learned from a participatory action research project Développement des individus et des communautés January 2014 AUTHORS Mary Richardson, PhD, Anthropologist Institut national de santé publique du Québec Shirley Jobson, research professional Institut national de santé publique du Québec Joëlle Gauvin-Racine, research professional Institut national de santé publique du Québec REVIEW COMMITTEE Cheryl Gosselin, Professor Bishop’s University Jennifer Johnson, Executive Director Community Health and Social Services Network Kit Malo Centre for Community Organizations Lorraine O’Donnell Québec English-Speaking Communities Research Network (Concordia University and Canadian Institute for Research on Linguistic Minorities) Louis Poirier, Chef d’unité Institut national de santé publique du Québec Paule Simard, Chercheure Institut national de santé publique du Québec Normand Trempe, Project coordinator Institut national de santé publique du Québec ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project was instigated by the Community Health and Social Services Network (CHSSN) and received financial support from Health Canada. We also wish to acknowledge the valuable comments and suggestions made by the review committee. Ce document est disponible intégralement en format électronique (PDF) sur le site Web de l’Institut national de santé publique du Québec au : http://www.inspq.qc.ca. Les reproductions à des fins d’étude privée ou de recherche sont autorisées en vertu de l’article 29 de la Loi sur le droit d’auteur. Toute autre utilisation doit faire l’objet d’une autorisation du gouvernement du Québec qui détient les droits exclusifs de propriété intellectuelle sur ce document. -
The Case of the Second Person Plural Form Memòria D’ Investigació
Pronominal variation in Southeast Asian Englishes: the case of the second person plural form Memòria d’ investigació Autora: Eva María Vives Centelles Directora: Cristina Suárez Gómez Departament de Filologia Espanyola, Moderna i Clàssica Universitat de les Illes Balears Data 10 Gener 2014 OUTLINE 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………...........2 2. Brief history of World Englishes ……………………………………............4 3. Theoretical framework: Models of analysis………………………………...6 3.1 Kachru’s Three Concentric Circles……………………………..7 3.2.McArthur’s Circle of World English…………………………..10 3.3.Görlach’s A circle of International English…………………….12 3.4.Schneider’s Dynamic Model of Postcolonial Englishes……….14 4. East and South-East Asian Englishes………………………………………25 4.1. Indian English (IndE) .…………………………………………26 4.2. Hong Kong English (HKE)…………………………………….34 4.3 Singapore English (SingE)……………………………………...38 4.4. The Philippines English (PhilE)………………………………44 5. Second person plural forms in the English language……………………....48 6. Description of the corpus and data analysis……………………………….58 6.1. Description of the corpus………………………………………58 6.2. Data Analysis…………………………………………………..61 7. Conclusions……………………………………………………...................80 8. Limitations of the study…………………………………………………….84 9. Questions for further research……………………………………………...84 10. References.....................................................................................................85 11. Appendix…………………………………………………………………...93 1 1. INTRODUCTION When the American president John Adams (1735-1826) -
1 Separatism in Quebec
1 Separatism in Quebec: Off the Agenda but Not Off the Minds of Francophones An Honors Thesis Submitted to the Department of Politics in Partial Fulfillment of the Honors Program By Sarah Weber 5/6/15 2 Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction 3 Chapter 2. 4 Chapter 3. 17 Chapter 4. 36 Chapter 5. 41 Chapter 6. 50 Chapter 7. Conclusion 65 3 Chapter 1: Introduction-The Future of Quebec The Quebec separatist movement has been debated for decades and yet no one can seem to come to a conclusion regarding what the future of the province holds for the Quebecers. This thesis aims to look at the reasons for the Quebec separatist movement occurring in the past as well as its steady level of support. Ultimately, there is a split within the recent literature in Quebec, regarding those who believe that independence is off the political agenda and those who think it is back on the agenda. This thesis looks at public opinion polls, and electoral returns, to find that the independence movement is ultimately off the political agenda as of the April 2014 election, but continues to be supported in Quebec public opinion. I will first be analyzing the history of Quebec as well as the theories other social scientists have put forward regarding separatist and nationalist movements in general. Next I will be analyzing the history of Quebec in order to understand why the Quebec separatist movement came about. I will then look at election data from 1995-2012 in order to identify the level of electoral support for separatism as indicated by the vote for the Parti Quebecois (PQ). -
From Ancient Manuscripts to Modern Dictionaries Perspectives on Linguistics and Ancient Languages
From Ancient Manuscripts to Modern Dictionaries Perspectives on Linguistics and Ancient Languages 9 Series Editor Terry C. Falla Editorial Board Index Editor James K. Aitken Georgia Kate Kelly Aaron Michael Butts Daniel King Wido van Peursen Perspectives on Linguistics and Ancient Languages (PLAL) contains peer-reviewed essays, monographs, and reference works. It focuses on the theory and practice of ancient-language research and lexicography that is informed by modern linguistics. From Ancient Manuscripts to Modern Dictionaries Select Studies in Aramaic, Hebrew, and Greek Edited by Tarsee Li Keith Dyer gp 2017 Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com Copyright © 2017 by Gorgias Press LLC All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC. 2017 ܒ 1 ISBN 978-1-4632-0608-6 ISSN 2165-2600 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Society of Biblical Literature. International Meeting. | Li, Tarsee, editor. | Dyer, Keith D., 1951- editor. Title: From ancient manuscripts to modern dictionaries : select studies in Aramaic, Hebrew and Greek / edited by Tarsee Li & Keith Dyer. Description: Piscataway, NJ : Gorgias Press, [2017] | Series: Perspectives on linguistics and ancient languages, ISSN 2165-2600 ; 9 | Includes -
French Influence in Canadian English from the 18Th Century: from Words to Sounds? Julie Rouaud
French Influence in Canadian English from the 18th century: from words to sounds? Julie Rouaud To cite this version: Julie Rouaud. French Influence in Canadian English from the 18th century: from words to sounds?. 12e colloque international PAC, Sep 2016, Aix-en-Provence, France. hal-01936077 HAL Id: hal-01936077 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01936077 Submitted on 27 Nov 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. French Influence in Canadian English from the 18th century: from words to sounds? Julie Rouaud [email protected] Introduction: What is Canadian English? Canadian English is often described as: • Relatively homogeneous variety of English (Josselin-Leray, Durand, Lopez, 2015). • 2 sets of linguistic norms: similar to General American (e.g. rhotic variety), while retaining some British English features (e.g. suffix –ile [ail] unlike General American [Əl] in words like fragile). However Canadian English also has its specificity: • The linguistic situation in Canada has been complex from the 18th century (see map): • Built on colonization and immigration in addition to indigenous people. • Unique contacts between French and English facilitating linguistic interactions and mutual influence until now. -
Joshua A. Fishman: a Scholar of Unfathomable Influence Nancy H
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons GSE Publications Graduate School of Education 2017 Joshua A. Fishman: A Scholar of Unfathomable Influence Nancy H. Hornberger University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/gse_pubs Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, Curriculum and Social Inquiry Commons, Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research Commons, Educational Psychology Commons, Language and Literacy Education Commons, Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Hornberger, N. H. (2017). Joshua A. Fishman: A Scholar of Unfathomable Influence. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 243 17-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2016-0043 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/gse_pubs/475 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Joshua A. Fishman: A Scholar of Unfathomable Influence Abstract In personal tribute to Joshua A. Fishman, I tell a few stories about this remarkable scholar as I got to know him – a glimpse of the person behind the great ideas that have so powerfully shaped our thinking. My many vivid memories of things Fishman said or wrote in my personal encounters with him – often pithy one-liners – are testimony to the power of his mind and voice, his spirit and soul. From my first year of Ph.D. study when I took his course Sociology of Bilingual Education at the 1980 Linguistic Society of America Summer Institute at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, through our interactions over the succeeding decades at conferences and talks, in personal visits and interviews, and around publications he invited me to write or vice versa, Fishman’s influence on my own academic career was enduring and profound. -
"Evolution of Human Languages": Current State of Affairs
«Evolution of Human Languages»: current state of affairs (03.2014) Contents: I. Currently active members of the project . 2 II. Linguistic experts associated with the project . 4 III. General description of EHL's goals and major lines of research . 6 IV. Up-to-date results / achievements of EHL research . 9 V. A concise list of actual problems and tasks for future resolution. 18 VI. EHL resources and links . 20 2 I. Currently active members of the project. Primary affiliation: Senior researcher, Center for Comparative Studies, Russian State University for the Humanities (Moscow). Web info: http://ivka.rsuh.ru/article.html?id=80197 George Publications: http://rggu.academia.edu/GeorgeStarostin Starostin Research interests: Methodology of historical linguistics; long- vs. short-range linguistic comparison; history and classification of African languages; history of the Chinese language; comparative and historical linguistics of various language families (Indo-European, Altaic, Yeniseian, Dravidian, etc.). Primary affiliation: Visiting researcher, Santa Fe Institute. Formerly, professor of linguistics at the University of Melbourne. Ilia Publications: http://orlabs.oclc.org/identities/lccn-n97-4759 Research interests: Genetic and areal language relationships in Southeast Asia; Peiros history and classification of Sino-Tibetan, Austronesian, Austroasiatic languages; macro- and micro-families of the Americas; methodology of historical linguistics. Primary affiliation: Senior researcher, Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow / Novosibirsk). Web info / publications list (in Russian): Sergei http://www.inslav.ru/index.php?option- Nikolayev =com_content&view=article&id=358:2010-06-09-18-14-01 Research interests: Comparative Indo-European and Slavic studies; internal and external genetic relations of North Caucasian languages; internal and external genetic relations of North American languages (Na-Dene; Algic; Mosan). -
Heritage Languages in North America: Sociolinguistic Approaches
journal of language contact 11 (2018) 201-207 brill.com/jlc Heritage Languages in North America: Sociolinguistic Approaches Joshua R. Brown University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire [email protected] Joshua Bousquette University of Georgia [email protected] Presentation This special issue of the Journal of Language Contact focuses on heritage lan- guages in the United States. Heritage languages offer new opportunities and pose new theoretical, empirical and methodological questions, in that tradi- tional lines of inquiry cannot be directly imported from the study of monolin- gual speakers alone; and even in comparison to other bilingual communities, the social contexts and patterns of language use over the lifespan do not map onto traditional L1/L2 models. The last two decades have witnessed an increased interest in formal and experimental research on heritage languages, building on both recent scholarship with wide-reaching implications (e.g., Benmamoun et al., 2013; Montrul, 2008), as well as foundational, twentieth-century works on immigration, migration, and language contact in the American context (e.g., Haugen, 1953; Weinreich et al., 1968). In addition to documenting language use in individual communities in language contact situations, the field of heritage language linguistics must engage with: • previous scholarship and approaches to the study of language use, which must be adapted or amended for the study of heritage languages; • the role of English in heritage language bilingualism in the u.s. as an enrich- ing or limiting factor; • the role of the pre-immigration sociolinguistic context and variety, both in the first (founder) generation of immigrants, and the possible continued exposure to the monolingual standard of the homeland; © Joshua R. -
Iswitch: Spanish-English Mixing in Computer-Mediated Communication
journal of language contact 9 (2016) 23-48 brill.com/jlc iSwitch: Spanish-English Mixing in Computer-Mediated Communication Cecilia Montes-Alcalá Georgia Institute of Technology [email protected] Abstract Technology, and the Internet in particular, have rapidly transformed the means of com- munication in the 21st century, opening the door to a novel and fertile ground of research. What takes place when bi- or multilingual individuals sit at the keyboard has been the focus of several studies exploring computer-mediated communication (cmc). However, there appears to be a lack of research dealing specifically with Spanish- English language mixing online, a surprising fact given that Spanish is the third lan- guage of the Internet and its use has grown 800% in the last decade. The present work analyzes and compares data from three different sources of cmc (e-mail, blogs, and social networks including Facebook and Twitter) among Spanish-English bilinguals in an attempt to further explore the still relatively new field of “electronic code-switch- ing”. The study aims to outline the reasons behind bilingual individuals’ language mix- ing online, hypothesizing that it will accomplish many of the socio-pragmatic functions traditionally ascribed to oral code-switching along with, perhaps, other uses idiosyn- cratic of cmc. Furthermore, it intends to emphasize the cultural nature of code-switch- ing, a crucial component that has often been overlooked in the search for grammatical constraints. Keywords code-switching – language mixing – computer-mediated communication (cmc) – bilingualism – Spanish-English * I am sincerely grateful to María Victoria Yépez Lasso and Leyre Goitia Pastor for their active and voluntary collaboration in the data gathering for the e-mail corpus and also to my stu- dents Casey Aultman, Cody Fortune, and Jordan Kor for their assistance in collecting and coding the data in the social media corpus. -
Annual Report the Royal Academy of the Basque Language (Euskaltzaindia)
Annual Report The Royal Academy of the Basque Language (Euskaltzaindia) 2006 Bilbao, 2007 Introduction 2006 was an eventful year for Euskaltzaindia, the Royal Academy of the Basque Language. Changes to the Academy’s internal regulations, unanymously approved at Euskaltzaindia’s internal conference held at Argomaiz in 2005, came into effect in 2006 ushering in for the first time the creation of the figure of Emeritus Member of the Academy. Six full academy members over 75 years of age, Jose Antonio Arana Martija, Piarres Xarritton, Xabier Diharce “Iratzeder”, Jean Haritschelhar, Emile Larre and Antonio Zavala, entered the Emeritus category while retaining their former privileges as full members, providing they attend meetings. Sadly, the year deprived us of Patxi Altuna, full member of Euskaltzaindia, and Gaizka Barandiaran and Jose Mari Etxaburu “Kamiñazpi”, corresponding members, who passed away in 2006 and whose presence among us will be sorely missed. In the course of Euskaltzaindia’s ongoing process of self-rejuvenation, three new academy members were appointed during the year: Jose Irazu “Bernardo Atxaga”, Mikel Zalbide and Andoni Sagarna. Although all three hail from the same province, Gipuzkoa, they differ widely in professional backgrounds, and we look forward to the expertise they will contribute to the Basque Language Academy in the fields of literary production, educational administration and computer science, respectively. Two full academy members admitted the previous year delivered their inaugural lectures this year, Ana Toledo in Antzuola (in the Deba Valley), and Patxi Salaberri in Uxue (in southern Navarre). Twenty-five new corresponding members of the Academy from different parts of our country were also appointed, in acknowledgment of and gratitude for their efforts in support of the Basque language in cooperation with Euskaltzaindia over past years, and hopefully well into the future too.