The Writings of John Bradford, MA
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Paul Ormerod1 and Andrew P. Roach2* ______Emergent Scale-Free Social Networks in History: Burning and the Rise of English Protestantism
http://doi.org/10.5334/csci.9 Paul Ormerod1 and Andrew P. Roach2* _________________________________________________ Emergent Scale-free Social Networks in History: Burning and the Rise of English Protestantism 1. Volterra Consulting, London, UK and Institute of Advanced Study, University of Durham; [email protected] 2. Corresponding author. Department of History, University of Glasgow; [email protected] *We are grateful for comments from Dr. Donald Spaeth of the University of Glasgow and participants in the UK Social Network Conference, Queen Mary College, University of London, July 2007, the Global versus Local Dynamics on Networks workshop at the European Conference on Complex Systems, Dresden, October 2007and the European Network on the Economics of Religion workshop, Granada, November 2007. 1 Abstract There is a large and rapidly increasing literature which analyses social networks for which substantial amounts of quantitative data are available. Further, there is a growing and related literature on what is referred to by economists as ‘information cascades’ on such networks. However, there is little discussion of the specific events which lead to either the creation of a network in the first instance, or of how a network which is latent in terms of its awareness evolves into a network on which individual behaviour/beliefs are actually altered. In this paper, we describe the process of emergence and evolution of a historical cultural and social network across which the opinions and behaviour of individuals were influenced. We also illustrate how empirical networks can be reconstructed relying principally on information contained in qualitative, historical sources. The specific example we use is religious belief in England in the 1550s. -
3. Fragments of the Apostolic Fathers by Tim Warner © Copyright
The Evolution of God 3. Fragments of the Apostolic Fathers By Tim Warner © Copyright www.4windsfellowships.net he earliest Christian writers whose works have survived, those known to have direct connections to the Apostles, were one disciple of Paul (Clement of Rome) T and two disciples of John (Polycarp1 of Smyrna and Ignatius2 of Antioch). These authors had been personally instructed by the Apostles and were leaders within the Christian assemblies established by the Apostles. The writings of these men were addressed to fellow believers or assemblies, being pastoral in nature rather than apologetic. They did not attempt to refute heresy or extensively define doctrines, since commonality of doctrine was assumed between writer and his audience. Their surviving works did not attempt to interact with pagans or portray Christianity in ways the pagans could easily digest. They were intended to be read and digested by Christians. These most ancient specimens reflect the common Christian belief in the personal preexistence of the Son of God as the “Word” (Logos) of John’s prologue, His emptying Himself to become fully human, His exaltation to the right hand of God, and His future role as King. Earliest Christian Writers with direct Connections to the Apostles: Clement of Rome: In his epistle to the Corinthians, Clement of Rome referred to Jesus Christ as the speaker in Psalm 118:18, calling Him the “Word.” Clement writes: “For thus saith the holy Word: ‘The Lord hath severely chastened me, yet hath not given me over to death.’”3 That the one speaking in Psalm 118 is the Son of God is shown just four verses later: “The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone. -
BUNYAN STUDIES a Journal of Reformation and Nonconformist Culture
BUNYAN STUDIES A Journal of Reformation and Nonconformist Culture Number 23 2019 Bunyan Studies is the official journal of The International John Bunyan Society www.johnbunyansociety.org www.northumbria.ac.uk/bunyanstudies BUNYAN STUDIES –— A Journal of Reformation and Nonconformist Culture –— Editors W. R. Owens, Open University and University of Bedfordshire Stuart Sim, formerly of Northumbria University David Walker, Northumbria University Associate Editors Rachel Adcock, Keele University Robert W. Daniel, University of Warwick Reviews Editor David Parry, University of Exeter Editorial Advisory Board Sylvia Brown, University of Alberta N. H. Keeble, University of Stirling Vera J. Camden, Kent State University Thomas H. Luxon, Dartmouth College Anne Dunan-Page, Aix-Marseille Université Vincent Newey, University of Leicester Katsuhiro Engetsu, Doshisha University Roger Pooley, Keele University Isabel Hofmeyr, University of the Witwatersrand Nigel Smith, Princeton University Ann Hughes, Keele University Richard Terry, Northumbria University Editorial contributions and correspondence should be sent by email to W. R. Owens at: [email protected] Books for review and reviews should be sent by mail or email to: Dr David Parry, Department of English and Film, University of Exeter, Queen’s Building, The Queen’s Drive, Exeter EX4 4QH, UK [email protected] Subscriptions: Please see Subscription Form at the back for further details. Bunyan Studies is free to members of the International John Bunyan Society (see Membership Form at the back). Subscription charges for non-members are as follows: Within the UK, each issue (including postage) is £10.00 for individuals; £20.00 for institutions. Outside the UK, each issue (including airmail postage) is £12.00/US$20.00 for individuals; £24.00/US$40.00 for institutions. -
DISSERTATION-Submission Reformatted
The Dilemma of Obedience: Persecution, Dissimulation, and Memory in Early Modern England, 1553-1603 By Robert Lee Harkins A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Ethan Shagan, Chair Professor Jonathan Sheehan Professor David Bates Fall 2013 © Robert Lee Harkins 2013 All Rights Reserved 1 Abstract The Dilemma of Obedience: Persecution, Dissimulation, and Memory in Early Modern England, 1553-1603 by Robert Lee Harkins Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Ethan Shagan, Chair This study examines the problem of religious and political obedience in early modern England. Drawing upon extensive manuscript research, it focuses on the reign of Mary I (1553-1558), when the official return to Roman Catholicism was accompanied by the prosecution of Protestants for heresy, and the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603), when the state religion again shifted to Protestantism. I argue that the cognitive dissonance created by these seesaw changes of official doctrine necessitated a society in which religious mutability became standard operating procedure. For most early modern men and women it was impossible to navigate between the competing and contradictory dictates of Tudor religion and politics without conforming, dissimulating, or changing important points of conscience and belief. Although early modern theologians and polemicists widely declared religious conformists to be shameless apostates, when we examine specific cases in context it becomes apparent that most individuals found ways to positively rationalize and justify their respective actions. This fraught history continued to have long-term effects on England’s religious, political, and intellectual culture. -
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Luther's Commentary on Paul's Galatians and Its Elizabethan
Luther’s Commentary on Paul’s Galatians and its Elizabethan translation, John Bunyan’s ‘wounded conscience’, and Arthur Dent’s Plaine Mans Pathway to Heaven. P. J. H. Titlestad University of Pretoria Luther gave his lectures on Paul’s Galatians in 1534. They offered a rather different theology from his thunderous predestinarian refutation of Erasmus in De servo arbitrio (1525). An English translation of the Commentary on Galatians appeared in 1575, a tattered copy of which fell into the hands of John Bunyan in the 1650s, and is mentioned lovingly in his autobiography for its capacity to assuage the troubled conscience. Luther was Bunyan’s coach in his battles with Satan – his doubts about his election: the Apollyon episode in The Pilgrim’s Progress, with its flaming darts, is central to the allegory and its chief link to Luther’s Commentary. How Marxist critics avoid this raises interesting questions about literary criticism. Another issue is whether Bunyan, under the influence of Luther’s Commentary, moves away from the Calvinist scholasticism of Arthur Dent’s The Plaine Mans Pathway to Heaven (1601) and of how his own experience and his pastoral practice came to be modified. Was Bunyan “Lutheran” or Calvinist? Was Richard Greave, our chief student of his theology, on the mark? And did Bunyan undergo something similar to the ‘tower experience’ which later scholars have attributed to Luther? oubtless to spread honours in both directions, Luther used to refer to Paul’s epistle to the Galatians by the name of the nun Dhe married: his Katie von Bora of biblical texts, so one has to expect S. -
The Pilgrim's Progress: a Puritan Fiction
PRAISE GOD 321 I pine, I faint with longing for the courts of the Lord's temple; my whole being cries out with joy to the living God ... Happy are those who dwell in thy house; they never cease from praising thee." MICHAEL WALKER. The Pilgrim's Progress: A Puritan Fiction N his history of the English novel, Waiter AlIen opines, with I reference to Bunyan, that when "reality did enter English fiction it came from the least expected of quarters and in the least expected of forms". WaIter AlIen is clearly puzzled by the phenomenon of The Pilgrim's Progress: he concludes it is inexplicable. The books Bunyan read, we are told, "do not matter in the least. Bunyan was a trans cendent genius ... and his work is as original as anything in literature can be": "The kind of work he wrote was completely unheralded". 1 What so surprised and impressed Waiter Allen in The Pilgrim's Progress was its fictional realism, its kinship to the novel. Bunyan, of course, did not think he was writing a novel. He was upon the same evangelical and pastoral business as in those other treatises now being republished by the Clarendon Press as his Miscellaneous Works. The result is that, as a novel, The Pilgrim's Progress is imperfect. An inhibiting and incongruous didacticism will keep destroying the im aginative consistency of the fable and suspending the narrative for long passages of discourse in which all pretence at colloquial dialogue between human characters is abandoned. Biblical warrant is relent lessly adduced for' disturbingly confident and minute theological analyses of human experience. -
The Life of John Bunyan
The Life of John Bunyan Edmund Venables The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Life of John Bunyan, by Edmund Venables This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: The Life of John Bunyan Author: Edmund Venables Release Date: April 21, 2005 [eBook #1037] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LIFE OF JOHN BUNYAN*** Transcribed from the 1888 Walter Scott edition by David Price, email [email protected] THE LIFE OF JOHN BUNYAN by Edmund Venables, M.A. CHAPTER I. John Bunyan, the author of the book which has probably passed through more editions, had a greater number of readers, and been translated into more languages than any other book in the English tongue, was born in the parish of Elstow, in Bedfordshire, in the latter part of the year 1628, and was baptized in the parish church of the village on the last day of November of that year. The year of John Bunyan's birth was a momentous one both for the nation and for the Church of England. Charles I., by the extorted assent to the Petition of Right, had begun reluctantly to strip himself of the irresponsible authority he had claimed, and had taken the first step in the struggle between King and Parliament which ended in the House of Commons seating itself in the place of the Sovereign. -
The Pilgrim's Progress
THE PILGRIM’S PROGRESS i ii JOHN BUNYAN Reformation Press th 160 37 Street Lindenhurst, NY 11757 516.956.0606 [email protected] www.reformationpress.com ISBN 0-9670840-2-4 ©1999 Barry E. Horner All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems without the expressed permission from the publisher in writing, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or critical reviews. For information address the publishers: th Reformation Press 160 37 Street, Lindenhurst, NY 11757 Book Cover Design by Michael Rotolo Manufactured in the United States of America 12345678910 99 00 01 02 03 THE PILGRIM’S PROGRESS iii THE Pilgrim’s Progrefs F R O M T H I S W O R L D, T O That which is to come: Delivered under the Similitude of a DREAM Wherein is Difcovered, The manner of his fetting out, His Dangerous Journey, And fafe Arrival at the Defired Countrey. I have ufed Similitudes, Hof. 12:10. By John Bunyan. Licenfed and Entred according to Order. L O N D O N, Printed for Nath. Ponder at the Peacock in the Poultrey near Cornhil, 1678. Original Title Page, First Edition iv JOHN BUNYAN The Sleeping Portrait Engraved by Robert White, it was most likely intended for the first edition of 1678, though withdrawn due to the name ‘Destruction’ being incorrectly titled ‘Vanity’. The above corrected picture was included in the third edition of 1679. -
The Neglected Gospel of John Bunyan
. 2 THE NEGLECTED GOSPEL OF 1 JOHN BUNYAN IN THE PILGRIM’S PROGRESS by Barry E. Horner In hosting seminars on The Pilgrim’s Progress, the second most widely circulated piece of English literature after the English Bible, on several occasions participants have confessed their ignorance or confusion concerning the exact identity of John Bunyan and his writings. For instance some have suggested that The Pilgrim’s Progress was an account of the Pilgrim Fathers’ journey from Europe to America. Other have confused John Bunyan with Paul Bunyan, the American folklore hero! From another perspective, many misunderstandings have arisen today that have led to abysmal ignorance concerning what the English tinker’s most famous allegory really intended to convey. To begin with The Pilgrim’s Progress was not primarily written for children, even though it well adapts to their understanding and love for an adventure story. It certainly was not written for the titivation of academics, particularly University specialists found in history and English departments. Nor was it designed as a simple evangelistic tract, notwithstanding its clear presentation of the biblical gospel. And it was not intended to be a non-doctrinal novel that merely commended abstract ethics. Rather John Bunyan purposed to communicate, in a beguiling manner, four vital biblical truths. First, concerning the saving substitute righteousness of the Lord Jesus Christ obtained through faith alone. Second, the progressive sanctification of the saved sinner. Third, the vital importance of fellowship in an authentic local church under faithful pastoral leadership. Fourth, the incentive that a vision of reaching heaven provides for progressing pilgrims. -
Hugh Latimer (1485-1555) John Bradford (1520-1556) Martyrs of the English Reformation by Art Lindsley C.S.Lewis Institute Senior Fellow
KNOWING & DOING A Teaching Quarterly for Discipleship of Heart and Mind This article originally appeared in the Spring 2008 issue of Knowing & Doing. C.S. LEWIS INSTITUTE PROFILES IN FAITH Hugh Latimer (1485-1555) John Bradford (1520-1556) Martyrs of the English Reformation by Art Lindsley C.S.Lewis Institute Senior Fellow UGH LATIMER i s Latimer began an intense study of the Scriptures. known as the greatest He often took long walks with Bilney, and they visited preacher of the English prisoners and those who were sick. Reformation. He was Latimer began preaching in the university pul- HHoften asked to speak before King pits, having a great impact on many who heard him. Henry VIII and King Edward VI. Becon, later Cranmer’s chaplain, said of Latimer’s He was a man who showed great preaching: courage and faith. Prior to his conversion, None except the stiff-necked and uncircumcised in Latimer was a leader of the op- Art Lindsley heart went away from it without being affected with position to Reformation doc- high detestation of sin, and moved unto all godliness trines at Cambridge University. He later wrote of that and virtue. period of his life: Preaching was important to Latimer because it I was an obstinate a papist as any was in England, in- was the means of salvation. Latimer said, “Take away somuch that when I should be made bachelor of divin- preaching and take away salvation.” He was also ity, my whole oration went against Philip Melanchthon strongly opposed to those ministers of his time who and his opinions. -
Trial and Triumph
Trial and Triumph Trial and TRIUMPH STORIES FROM CHURCH HISTORY RICHARD M. HANNULA illustrated by MARCUS MASHBURN canonpress Moscow, Idaho Special thanks to my wife, Kathy, for her support and patience; to Linus Breul, whose much needed advice improved the stories substantially; to Bob Rogland, Doug Bond, and Peggy King Anderson for their helpful comments; and to Rob Rayburn for encouragement given and books lent. Published by Canon Press P.O. Box 8729, Moscow, ID 83843 800.488.2034 | www.canonpress.com Richard M. Hannula, Trial and Triumph: Stories from Church History Copyright © 1999 by Richard M. Hannula Scripture quotations in this publication are taken from the Holy Bible: A New Interna- tional Version. Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984 by the International Bible Society/Zonder- van Publishing House. Cover illustrations by Jessica Evans. Cover design by Rachel Hoffmann. Interior illustrations by Marcus Mashburn Illustrations. Interior design by Laura Storm. Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of the author, except as provided by USA copyright law. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hannula, Richard M. Trial and triumph : stories from church history / Richard M. Hannula. — 8th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. Summary: “[Presents brief biographies of various Christian men and women who helped to shape the Christian faith and church throughout history. Written for ages seven and up]”—Provided by publisher. ISBN-13: 978-1-885767-54-7 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 1-885767-54-4 (pbk.) 1.