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Local Expellee Monuments and the Contestation of German Postwar Memory
To Our Dead: Local Expellee Monuments and the Contestation of German Postwar Memory by Jeffrey P. Luppes A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Germanic Languages and Literatures) in The University of Michigan 2010 Doctoral Committee: Professor Andrei S. Markovits, Chair Professor Geoff Eley Associate Professor Julia C. Hell Associate Professor Johannes von Moltke © Jeffrey P. Luppes 2010 To My Parents ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Writing a dissertation is a long, arduous, and often lonely exercise. Fortunately, I have had unbelievable support from many people. First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor and dissertation committee chair, Andrei S. Markovits. Andy has played the largest role in my development as a scholar. In fact, his seminal works on German politics, German history, collective memory, anti-Americanism, and sports influenced me intellectually even before I arrived in Ann Arbor. The opportunity to learn from and work with him was the main reason I wanted to attend the University of Michigan. The decision to come here has paid off immeasurably. Andy has always pushed me to do my best and has been a huge inspiration—both professionally and personally—from the start. His motivational skills and dedication to his students are unmatched. Twice, he gave me the opportunity to assist in the teaching of his very popular undergraduate course on sports and society. He was also always quick to provide recommendation letters and signatures for my many fellowship applications. Most importantly, Andy helped me rethink, re-work, and revise this dissertation at a crucial point. -
Königsberg–Kaliningrad, 1928-1948
Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg–Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 By Nicole M. Eaton A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Yuri Slezkine, chair Professor John Connelly Professor Victoria Bonnell Fall 2013 Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg–Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 © 2013 By Nicole M. Eaton 1 Abstract Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg-Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 by Nicole M. Eaton Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Yuri Slezkine, Chair “Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg-Kaliningrad, 1928-1948,” looks at the history of one city in both Hitler’s Germany and Stalin’s Soviet Russia, follow- ing the transformation of Königsberg from an East Prussian city into a Nazi German city, its destruction in the war, and its postwar rebirth as the Soviet Russian city of Kaliningrad. The city is peculiar in the history of Europe as a double exclave, first separated from Germany by the Polish Corridor, later separated from the mainland of Soviet Russia. The dissertation analyzes the ways in which each regime tried to transform the city and its inhabitants, fo- cusing on Nazi and Soviet attempts to reconfigure urban space (the physical and symbolic landscape of the city, its public areas, markets, streets, and buildings); refashion the body (through work, leisure, nutrition, and healthcare); and reconstitute the mind (through vari- ous forms of education and propaganda). Between these two urban revolutions, it tells the story of the violent encounter between them in the spring of 1945: one of the largest offen- sives of the Second World War, one of the greatest civilian exoduses in human history, and one of the most violent encounters between the Soviet army and a civilian population. -
Masurische Storchenpost Nr. 1/2021
31. Jhg. JANUAR 2021 Nr.1 (386) MASURISCHE STORCHENPOST Und wieder hier draußen ein neues Jahr - Was werden die Tage bringen?! Oben: 2-Euro-Gedenkmünze „2020 – 50 Jahre Kniefall von Warschau“, © BVA, Künstler der Bildserie: Bodo Broschat, Berlin; Fotograf: Hans-Joachim Wuthenow, Berlin Unten: Sonderpostwertzeichen „Willy Brandt – Kniefall von Warschau vor 50 Jahren“, Quelle: Bundesfinanzministerium der Finanzen, fot. © Fotoagentur Sven Simon S. 8 Theodor Fontane (1819-1898) Und wieder hier draußen ein neues Jahr ... Und wieder hier draußen ein neues Jahr - Was werden die Tage bringen?! Wird’s werden, wie es immer war, Halb scheitern, halb gelingen? Wird’s fördern das, worauf ich gebaut, Oder vollends es verderben? Gleichviel, was es im Kessel braut, Nur wünsch’ ich nicht zu sterben. Ich möchte noch wieder im Vaterland Die Gläser klingen lassen, Und wieder noch des Freundes Hand Im Einverständnis fassen. Ich möchte noch wirken und schaffen und tun Und atmen eine Weile, Denn um im Grabe auszuruhn, Hat’s nimmer Not noch Eile. Ich möchte leben, bis all dies Glühn Rücklässt einen leuchtenden Funken Und nicht vergeht wie die Flamm’ im Kamin, Die eben zu Asche gesunken. www.lyrikmond.de 3 Neujahrsgeschichte zum Nachdenken Der Spiegel Giovanni stellte den Wecker ab, der ihn unsanft aus seinen Träu- men gerissen hatte, ging ins Bad und nahm eine heiße Dusche. Als er sich vor dem Spiegel die Haare trocknete, glaubte er, eine Halluzination zu haben. Ungläubig sah er sein Spiegelbild an – ein Mann mit grauem Gesicht, leeren Augen und verbittertem Mund. Er rieb sich die Augen und das Bild verschwand so plötzlich, wie es gekommen war. -
The Massacre in January 1945 on the Baltic Seashore
!"#$%&'((&)*+,(-!"#$%&'((&)*+,(../$0$012..12-31..4,56.7 1 2 3 4 “Endlösung on the ‘Amber Shore’”: 5 The Massacre in January 1945 6 7 on the Baltic Seashore— 8 9 A Repressed Chapter of East Prussian History 10 11 12 Downloaded from 13 BY ANDREAS KOSSERT 14 15 16 For many Germans East Prussia has served as a myth, a product of collective memory. 17 This has been especially true since 1945, when this isolated eastern province was lost 18 leobaeck.oxfordjournals.org to Germany. The fondly preserved image has been of a land of forests and lakes— 19 the material of a rural idyll seen through the distorting lens of nostalgia and loss. In 20 West Germany during the Cold War, the only trauma acknowledged for the region 21 was the German population’s mass exodus at the end of the Second World War. 22 There has been far less willingness to acknowledge the fact that large portions— 23 although as will be indicated certainly not the entirety—of that population, part of 24 the Nazi Reich, had demonstrated full solidarity with the Nazi state. 25 Despite this broad repression of historical reality, a massacre of Jews in January 26 1945 on the Baltic seashore of the Samland close to Königsberg generated a great by guest on April 5, 2011 27 deal of public interest several years ago.1 This was a belated response to the 28 publication in 1994 of a memoir covering the war years by Martin Bergau, a former 29 Hitler Youth member from the small town of Palmnicken—where the massacre was 30 to reach its tragic climax—who had witnessed the crime at the age of sixteen.2 31 Shortly after the massacre he had been taken prisoner by the Soviets; after his release 32 he had not been allowed to return to his home in East Prussia. -
Germans Displaced from the East: Crossing Actual and Imagined Central European Borders, 1944-1955
GERMANS DISPLACED FROM THE EAST: CROSSING ACTUAL AND IMAGINED CENTRAL EUROPEAN BORDERS, 1944-1955 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Amy A. Alrich, M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2003 Dissertation Committee Approved by Professor Alan Beyerchen, Advisor Professor Birgitte Soland _______________________ Professor Robin Judd Advisor Department of History Copyright by Amy A. Alrich 2003 ABSTRACT At the end of World War II the Allies demilitarized, divided, and democratized Germany. The dismantling of Germany involved setting up four zones and eventually two states, the Federal Republic and German Democratic Republic (GDR), and also giving large German territories to Poland and the Soviet Union, which required the initiation of a forced population transfer of the Germans who lived in those areas. Whether they fled as the Soviet troops advanced, or faced the postwar expulsions arranged by the Allies, the majority of Germans from the Eastern territories, approximately 12 million altogether, survived the arduous trek West. Roughly 8 million ended up in West Germany; 4 million went to the GDR. This dissertation comparatively examines the postwar, post-flight experiences of the German expellees in the Federal Republic and GDR in the late 1940s and 1950s. This analysis involves an examination of four categories of experience: official images of the expellees, their self-images, their images as outsiders, and expellees' reaction to these outsider-images. The two Germanies' expellee policies differed dramatically and reflected their Cold War orientations. West Germany followed a policy of expellee-integration, which highlighted their cultural differences and encouraged them to express their uniqueness. -
Germans As Victims? the Discourse on the Vertriebene Diaspora, 1945-2005
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Theses Department of History 6-9-2006 Germans as Victims? The Discourse on the Vertriebene Diaspora, 1945-2005 Kevin Marc Larson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Larson, Kevin Marc, "Germans as Victims? The Discourse on the Vertriebene Diaspora, 1945-2005." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2006. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses/8 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GERMANS AS VICTIMS? THE DISCOURSE ON THE VERTRIEBENE DIASPORA, 1945-2005 by KEVIN MARC LARSON Under the Direction of Joe Perry ABSTRACT This thesis examines German memories of the Vertriebene, the twelve million Germans who fled their homeland in the face of Russian invasion in the closing days of World War II. I explore the acceptable limits of victim discourse and consider the validity of arguments about German victimization in light of the atrocities committed by Germans during the war. Three chapters discuss diaspora, discourse and commemoration. I relate diaspora historiography to the Vertriebene and then dissect the discourse of the Bund der Vertriebenen and its construction of a German "victim mythos" that undermined more acceptable claims for the recognition of Germans victimhood. I then analyze debates over the suitable commemoration of German victims in academic discourse, fiction, and efforts to build a memorial to the Vertriebene.