Xi'an Jiaotong University
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
A Criticism of the Development Hypothesis
A CRITICISM OF THE DEVELOPMENT HYPOTHESIS, As HELD BY CHARLES DARWIN, THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY, ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE, HERBERT SPENCER, AND THE NEW SCHOOL OF NATURALISTS. (WRITTEN EXPRESSLY FOR "JOHNSON'S NATURAL HISTORY.") By JULIUS H. SEELYE, D. D., LL.D., PRESIDENT OF AMHERST COLLEGE, MASS. FACTS. CHAPTER 1. NO TRANSMUTATION OF SPECIES HAS EVER YET BEEN OBSERVED. THE question of the origin of species and the source of life is not new. It belongs to the oldest speculations of which we have any record. But it is not antiquated. It excites as eager an interest to-day as it did three thousand years ago. Like the magnetized needle, the human mind vibrates, with perpetual oscillations, under the force of this inquiry. The problem which it presents has extreme difficulty. The vision which solves it must be both keen and broad. But the sharp and subtile distinctions which, in order to a satisfactory solution, must be clearly seen, some minds do not see at all, or, at the best, most obscurely, while the comprehensive generalizations, which are also and equally requisite, can be grasped but with difficulty by any mind. He who has thought the most upon the question will have the most knowledge of the liabilities to mistake and error, and will be the least dogmatic in propounding his own opinion, or in criticising that of others. But he is not t.hereby silent, nor without an opinion. While profound meditation upon any theme gives a man humility, it does not render him despondent He gets courage from his very diffi culties. -
A Record of Collected Proofs of the Efficacy of the Diamond Sutra: Jin’Gang Bore Jing Jiyan Ji 金剛般若 經集驗記 Composed by Meng Xianzhong 孟獻忠, Adjutant of Zizhou 梓州司馬
_full_alt_author_running_head (neem stramien B2 voor dit chapter en nul 0 in hierna): Jin’gang bore jing jiyan ji _full_articletitle_deel (kopregel rechts, vul hierna in): Collected Proofs of the Efficacy of the Diamond Sutra _full_article_language: en indien anders: engelse articletitle: 0 Collected Proofs of the Efficacy of the Diamond Sutra 297 A Record of Collected Proofs of the Efficacy of the Diamond Sutra: Jin’gang bore jing jiyan ji 金剛般若 經集驗記 Composed by Meng Xianzhong 孟獻忠, Adjutant of Zizhou 梓州司馬 Roll One (with Preface) Prajñāis the mother of the wisdom of all Buddhas and the quintessence of the consummate path. Being the wellspring of the Dharma ocean, it is in fact the actual secret storehouse of the Tathāgata. When words are spoken, the path is severed; when the mind functions, the abode is destroyed.1 Being beyond name and appearance, as well as the elements and fields of cognitive experience, it is said to cognize and yet not grasp. It is free from seeing, hearing, feeling, and knowing. When discriminative consciousness expresses it, it becomes more distant. Without practice, there is no benefit; one thus perfects its merit. Without abiding, there is no defilement; one thus attains its wisdom. For those who in- vestigate its wonders, [wherever] they practice are places of the [Buddhist] path; for those who comprehend its principles, their undertakings are Bud- dhist practice. It extends to the twelve classics2 and the eighty-four thousand teachings,3 and equals the competing brilliance of the sun, moon, and 1 These verses come from roll 54 of the Dazhidu lun 大智度論 (Sk. -
The Emergence of Essence-Function (Ti-Yong) 體用 Hermeneutics in the Sinification of Indic Buddhism: an Overview
The Emergence of Essence-Function (ti-yong) 體用 Hermeneutics in the Sinification of Indic Buddhism: An Overview A. Charles Muller (University of Tokyo) 국문요약 본질-작용(體用, Ch. ti-yong, J. tai-yū; 일본에서 불교학 이외의 연구에서 는 tai-yō) 패러다임은 기원전 5세기부터 근대 시기에 이르기까지 중국, 한국, 일본의 종교･철학적 문헌을 해석할 때에 가장 널리 사용된 해석학적 틀로 볼 수 있다. 먼저 중국에서는 유교, 도교, 불교에 적용되는 과정에서 풍부한 발전 을 이루었는데, 특히 인도 불교의 중국화 과정에서 폭넓게 적용되었다. 그리고 종종 理事(li-shi)와 유사한 형태로 화엄, 천태, 선과 같은 중국 토착 불교 학파 불교학리뷰 (Critical Review for Buddhist Studies) 19권 (2016. 6) 111p~152p 112 불교학리뷰 vol.19 들의 철학을 위한 토대를 형성하였다. 나아가 송대 신유학(新儒學)에서 ‘체용’ 의 용례는 특히 잇따라 나타나는 또 다른 유사형태인 理氣(li-qi)의 형식으로 변화하고 확장되었다. 불교와 신유학 모두 한국에 뿌리를 내리면서 한국 학자 들은 신유교와 불교 각각의 종교에 대한 해석뿐 아니라, 둘 사이에 있었던 대 화와 논쟁에도 체용 패러다임을 폭넓게 적용하였다. 본 논문은 동양과 서양 모 두의 불교학에서 거의 완전히 무시되었던 이 지극히 중요한 철학적 패러다임 에 관한 논의를 되살려 보고자 한다. 그리고 이것을 중국 불교 주석문헌들 초 기의 용례, ≷대승기신론≸속에 나타난 그 역할, 더불어 한국 불교, 특히 원효와 지눌의 저작에서 사용된 몇 가지 용례들을 조사함으로써 시도할 것이다. 주제어: 본질-작용(體用), 이사(理事), 이기(理氣), ≷대승기신론≸, 중국불교, 원효, 지눌 The Emergence of Essence-Function (ti-yong) 體用 Hermeneutics in the Sinification of Indic Buddhism … 113 I. Essence-function 體用: Introduction This examination of the place of the essence-function paradigm 體用 (Ch. ti-yong, K. che-yong, J. -
Guangxiao Temple (Guangzhou) and Its Multi Roles in the Development of Asia-Pacific Buddhism
Asian Culture and History; Vol. 8, No. 1; 2016 ISSN 1916-9655 E-ISSN 1916-9663 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Guangxiao Temple (Guangzhou) and its Multi Roles in the Development of Asia-Pacific Buddhism Xican Li1 1 School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China Correspondence: Xican Li, School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China. Tel: 86-203-935-8076. E-mail: [email protected] Received: August 21, 2015 Accepted: August 31, 2015 Online Published: September 2, 2015 doi:10.5539/ach.v8n1p45 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ach.v8n1p45 Abstract Guangxiao Temple is located in Guangzhou (a coastal city in Southern China), and has a long history. The present study conducted an onsite investigation of Guangxiao’s precious Buddhist relics, and combined this with a textual analysis of Annals of Guangxiao Temple, to discuss its history and multi-roles in Asia-Pacific Buddhism. It is argued that Guangxiao’s 1,700-year history can be seen as a microcosm of Chinese Buddhist history. As the special geographical position, Guangxiao Temple often acted as a stopover point for Asian missionary monks in the past. It also played a central role in propagating various elements of Buddhism, including precepts school, Chan (Zen), esoteric (Shingon) Buddhism, and Pure Land. Particulary, Huineng, the sixth Chinese patriarch of Chan Buddhism, made his first public Chan lecture and was tonsured in Guangxiao Temple; Esoteric Buddhist master Amoghavajra’s first teaching of esoteric Buddhism is thought to have been in Guangxiao Temple. -
How Chinese Buddhist Travelogues Changed Western Perception of Buddhism
The Historical Turn: How Chinese Buddhist Travelogues Changed Western Perception of Buddhism MAX DEEG Cardiff University [email protected] Keywords: Faxian, Xuanzang, Yijing, William Jones, Buddhist travelogues DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15239/hijbs.01.01.02 Abstract: Information about Buddhism was scarce and vague at best in the West until the beginning of the nineteenth century. The first Orientalists studying Indian sources had to rely on Hindu texts written in Sanskrit (e.g. Purāṇas) which portrayed the Buddha as an avatāra of the Hindu god Viṣṇu. The situation changed with the discovery of the Pāli texts from Śrī Laṅkā through scholars like George Turnour and the decipherment of the Aśokan inscriptions through James Prinsep by which the historical dimension of the religion became evident. The final confirmation of the historicity of the Buddha and the religion founded by him was taken, however, from the records of Chinese Buddhist travellers (Faxian, Xuanzang, Yijing) who had vis- ited the major sacred places of Buddhism in India and collected other information about the history of the religion. This paper will discuss the first Western translations of these travelogues and their reception in the scholarly discourse of the period and will suggest that the historical turn to which it led had a strong impact on the study and reception of Buddhism—in a way the start of Buddhist Studies as a discipline. Hualin International Journal of Buddhist Studies, 1.1 (2018): 43–75 43 44 MAX DEEG n the year of 1786, in his third ‘Anniversary Discourse’ -
2019 ANNUAL REPORT Emys Foundation
2019 ANNUAL REPORT Emys Foundation Emys Foundation is a non-profit organisation dedicated to conserving nature, especially wetlands and the european pond terrapin (Emys orbicularis). The organisation works from an integrative perspective, where the challenge is to involve the owners, managers and users of the territory in the sustainable management and long term conservation of the values of the natural heritage. It does all this through volunteering, land stewardship, research, conservation, and environmental education and outreach. We work holistically in wetlands, open spaces, agriculture and forestry in order to conserve nature and promote management that improves biodiversity. We carry out population monitoring of species of interest to determine their conservation status and the state of their habitat. We apply this knowledge in the natural spaces we are responsible for, where, together with property owners and managers, we promote management in favor of biodiversity. Finally, we encourage the adoption of this practice and knowledge in wider society, through environmental education and information dissemination, so that citizens may become aware of the value of nature and the individual responsibility we have in conserving it. Research and conservation CONSERVATION STATUS OF THE EUROPEAN POND TERRAPIN In 2019, the sampling effort has been increased in order to detect new habitats for the european pond terrapin, and also because we have sampled an area that we haven’t studied before: the natural area of the Lake of Sils. This year, we have found about twenty different species over two campaigns, one in the spring and the other in the fall. Because of this effort, we have seen a significant increase in the number of terrapins caught this year. -
Tracking B Odhidharma
/.0. !.1.22 placing Zen Buddhism within the country’s political landscape, Ferguson presents the Praise for Zen’s Chinese Heritage religion as a counterpoint to other Buddhist sects, a catalyst for some of the most revolu- “ A monumental achievement. This will be central to the reference library B)"34"35%65 , known as the “First Ances- tionary moments in China’s history, and as of Zen students for our generation, and probably for some time after.” tor” of Zen (Chan) brought Zen Buddhism the ancient spiritual core of a country that is —R)9$%: A4:;$! Bodhidharma Tracking from South Asia to China around the year every day becoming more an emblem of the 722 CE, changing the country forever. His modern era. “An indispensable reference. Ferguson has given us an impeccable legendary life lies at the source of China and and very readable translation.”—J)3! D54") L))%4 East Asian’s cultural stream, underpinning the region’s history, legend, and folklore. “Clear and deep, Zen’s Chinese Heritage enriches our understanding Ferguson argues that Bodhidharma’s Zen of Buddhism and Zen.”—J)5! H5<4=5> was more than an important component of China’s cultural “essence,” and that his famous religious movement had immense Excerpt from political importance as well. In Tracking Tracking Bodhidharma Bodhidharma, the author uncovers Bodhi- t r a c k i n g dharma’s ancient trail, recreating it from The local Difang Zhi (historical physical and textual evidence. This nearly records) state that Bodhidharma forgotten path leads Ferguson through established True Victory Temple China’s ancient heart, exposing spiritual here in Tianchang. -
PHIL 353: Asian Philosophy
Chengdu University of Technology SUMMER 2020 PHIL 353: Asian Philosophy 2020 Summer Session Total Class Sessions: 25 Instructor: Staff Class Sessions Per Week: 5 Classroom: TBA Total Weeks: 5 Office Hours: TBA Class Session Length (Minutes): 120 Language: English Credit Hours: 4 Course Description: This course studies Asian philosophies including Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, and Confucianism, and Japanese Philosophies. Topics like ethics, death, reality, self, and knowledge will be covered. A strong emphasis will be placed on different worldviews, conceptions of human nature and the good life from these philosophical perspectives. Comparisons with Western philosophies, religions and values will also be discussed. Course Assignments: Homework: Homework exercises should be done by the next class after they are assigned. It’s important to finish all assigned homework because some of the questions on exams and quizzes will be based on homework exercises. Quizzes: There will be 6 quizzes administered through the whole semester and the lowest scores will be dropped. Quizzes will always be completed in the first ten minutes of class. Quizzes will tend to cover topics covered in the lecture as well as topics covered in the homework. There will be no make-up quizzes. Four Page Paper: Paper should be double spaced, in 12-point Times New Roman font, with 1” margins all around. Place your name, assignment title, and date in the top right corner of the first page. Detailed topics for paper will be discussed in class. Presentation: Students will form small groups to present course materials. The presentation will take half of the class time and presenters need to prepare a handout (outline for the presentation) for the whole class. -
A Comparison of the Themes of the Journey to the West and the Pilgrim’S Progress
ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 3, No. 7, pp. 1243-1249, July 2013 © 2013 ACADEMY PUBLISHER Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/tpls.3.7.1243-1249 A Comparison of the Themes of The Journey to the West and The Pilgrim’s Progress Yan Liu English Department, Zhenjiang Watercraft College, No.130 Taohuawu Road, Zhenjiang 212003, China Wenjun Li English Department, Zhenjiang Watercraft College, No.130 Taohuawu Road, Zhenjiang 212003, China Abstract—The Journey to the West, which tells the journey of four Buddhist monks who have overcome many hardships for the purpose of arriving in the West and asking for the Buddhist Scriptures, is one of the “four classics” of China. The Pilgrim’s Progress tells the difficult journey of Christian from the "City of Destruction", his hometown to the "Celestial City". Despite of the sameness of the two stories, that is, the strong religious atmosphere, there are still obvious differences between them. This article tries to compare the themes of the Journey to the West and the Pilgrim’s Progress. At the beginning, we will discuss the themes of the two novels. Then we will compare the differences of the themes and will discover that both of them have revealed the religious belief of “learn virtue and unlearn vice” and criticized the current society. But the aims of the journeys and the attitudes to the new rising class of the authors are of remarkable differences. The purpose of this article is to help the readers appreciate the two stories better, and to have better understanding of the reasons of such differences. -
The Diamond Sutra
THE DIAMOND SUTRA THE DIAMOND SUTRA 1 Diamond Sutra The full Sanskrit title of this text is the Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra (The Vajra Prajna Paramita Sutra). The Buddha said this Sutra may be known as “The Diamond that Cuts through Illusion.” Like many Buddhist sūtras, The Diamond Sūtra begins with the famous phrase, "Thus have I heard." The Buddha finished his daily walk with the monks to gather offerings of food and sits down to rest. The monk Subhūti comes forth and asks the Buddha a question. What follows is a dialogue regarding the nature of perception. The Buddha often uses paradoxical phrases such as, "What is called the highest teaching is not the highest teaching". The Buddha is generally thought to be helping Subhūti unlearn his preconceived, limited notions of the nature of reality and enlightenment. The Diamond Sūtra is a short and well-known Mahāyāna sūtra from the Prajñāpāramitā, or "Perfection of Wisdom" genre, and it emphasizes the practice of non-abiding and non-attachment. A list of vivid metaphors for impermanence appears in a popular four-line verse at the end of the sūtra: All conditioned phenomena Are like dreams, illusions, bubbles, or shadows; Like drops of dew, or flashes of lightning; Thusly should they be contemplated. A copy of the Chinese version of The Diamond Sūtra, found among the Dunhuang manuscripts in the early 20th century and dating back to May 11, THE DIAMOND SUTRA 868 C.E. is considered the earliest complete survival of a woodblock printing folio. This discovered text was made over 500 years before the Gutenberg 2 printing press in 1450 C.E. -
The Neglected Pilgrim: How Faxian's Record Was Used (And Was Not Used) in Buddhist Studies
The Neglected Pilgrim: How Faxian’s Record Was Used (and Was Not Used) in Buddhist Studies MAX DEEG Cardiff University [email protected] Keywords: Faxian, Foguo ji, Buddhist Studies, Research History DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15239/hijbs.02.01.02 Abstract: This paper focuses on the role of Faxian’s Foguo ji, Record of the Buddhist Kingdoms (a.k.a Gaoseng Faxian zhuan) in the forma- tion of Buddhist Studies as a discipline in the nineteenth and twenti- eth centuries. It will contextualize the text in the emulating historicist approach of the time which, I would claim and hope to show, led to a certain marginalization of the Record due to the typical ideological parameters inherent in the positivist and historicist interpretation of sources, such as the idea of authenticity and reliability through authorship and through the information given in the source. In this context, Faxian’s Record had the disadvantage of being relatively short, restricted in terms of geographical range, and being linked to an author about whom not much was known. As a consequence, Faxian’s Record was and is mostly used in a complementary way to either corroborate pieces of information from other sources—mainly from Xuanzang’s Da Tang Xiyu ji which had become the main authority—hence establishing it as the earliest text of its ‘genre’ a his- torical terminus ad quem, or it has to fill gaps of information in those other sources (e.g. the report on Siṃhala/Śrī Laṅkā). 16 Hualin International Journal of Buddhist Studies, 2.1 (2019): 16–44 HOW FAXIAN’S RECORD WAS USED (AND WAS NOT USED) 17 espite the attention Faxian (337–422) and his record, the 法顯 Foguo ji (or Gaoseng Faxian zhuan ) has D 佛國記 高僧法顯傳 experienced in a little bit more than two decades by the publication of five translations into Western languages (English, German, Italian, French, Spanish), the author and his text are, without any doubt, not as well-known as the two Chinese Buddhist travellers of the Tang period, Xuanzang (602–664) and Yijing (635–713), and 玄奘 義淨 their works. -
A Pure Mind in a Clean Body
A PURE MIND Bodily Care in the Buddhist Monasteries of Ancient India and China Bodily Care in the Buddhist Monasteries of Ancient India and Buddhist monasteries, in both Ancient India and China, have played a crucial social role, for religious as well as for lay people. They rightfully attract the attention of many scholars, discussing historical backgrounds, institutional networks, or influential masters. Still, some aspects of monastic IN life have not yet received the attention they deserve. This book therefore A aims to study some of the most essential, but often overlooked, issues of CL Buddhist life: namely, practices and objects of bodily care. For monastic EAN authors, bodily care primarily involves bathing, washing, cleaning, shaving and trimming the nails, activities of everyday life that are performed by lay BO people and monastics alike. In this sense, they are all highly recognizable A PURE MIND D and, while structuring monastic life, equally provide a potential bridge Y between two worlds that are constantly interacting with each other: IN A CLEAN BODY monastic people and their lay followers. Bodily practices might be viewed as relatively simple and elementary, Bodily Care but it is exactly through their triviality that they give us a clear insight in the Buddhist Monasteries into the structure and development of Buddhist monasteries. Over time, of Ancient India and China Buddhist monks and nuns have, through their painstaking effort into regulating bodily care, defined the identity of the Buddhist samgha, overtly displaying it to the laity. Ann Heirman & Mathieu Torck Ann Heirman, Ph.D. (1998) in Oriental Languages and Cultures, is Professor of Chinese Language and Culture at Ghent University, Belgium.