Ro-Ro Transport Management in the Southern Baltic
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
World Maritime University The Maritime Commons: Digital Repository of the World Maritime University World Maritime University Dissertations Dissertations 2000 Ro-Ro transport management in the southern Baltic Martynas Jonkus WMU Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations Recommended Citation Jonkus, Martynas, "Ro-Ro transport management in the southern Baltic" (2000). World Maritime University Dissertations. 1107. https://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations/1107 This Dissertation is brought to you courtesy of Maritime Commons. Open Access items may be downloaded for non- commercial, fair use academic purposes. No items may be hosted on another server or web site without express written permission from the World Maritime University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY Malmö, Sweden RO-RO TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT IN THE SOUTHERN BALTIC By MARTYNAS JONKUS Lithuania A dissertation submitted to the World Maritime University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in SHIPPING MANAGEMENT 2000 © Copyright Martynas Jonkus, 2000 DECLARATION I certify that all material in this dissertation that is not my own work has been identified, and that no material is included for which a degree has previously been conferred on me. The contents of this dissertation reflect my own personal views, and are not necessarily endorsed by the University. …………………………………… 21 August 2000 Supervised by: Name: Patrick Donner Office: Associate Professor, Shipping Management World Maritime University Assessor: Name: Tor Wergeland Office: Associate Professor, Shipping Management World Maritime University Co-assessor: Name: Eskil Engholm Office: Manager, Engholm Consultancy AB, Rydebäck, Sweden (Visiting Professor, World Maritime University) ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It goes without saying that a work of such dimensions is inconceivable without the purposeful guidance of highly competent experts. Therefore, with great satisfaction I would like to note that in writing this dissertation great help was provided to me by all resident academic staff of the WMU, for which I’m highly indebted. However, at first I would like to thank Professor Vytautas Paulauskas of Klaipeda University who not only introduced to me the WMU but also supported me during my Bachelor and MSc study in Klaipeda University. Undoubtedly, the help of my Course Professors Shuo Ma and Patrick Donner during the very intensive accelerated 9-month programme was of vital importance. I’m particularly indebted to Professor Patrick Donner not only for his expensive time spent supervising my dissertation, but also for being an expert of Ro-Ro and passenger transportation, giving excellent and substantial advice. Special thanks is dedicated to my first Captain Henrikas Žalandauskas for giving me perfect maritime backgrounds on board LISCO passenger ferry “Kaunas” during 1997-1999, which is invaluable. Additionally LISCO President Arturas Gedgaudas and Personnel Director Antanas Stankus deserve a special place for their assistance and providing my nomination, without which my studies in the WMU would not have materialised. Finally, I would like to thank my parents and friends, especially Vaida Kazragytė and Ričardas Maksimavičius, which support I felt every day while writing this dissertation. iii ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: Ro-Ro transportation management in the Southern Baltic Degree: MSc This dissertation is a study of the Ro-Ro transportation in the Southern Baltic. It is dedicated not only to analysis and evaluation of perspectives of the Ro-Ro transportation in this area but also to main current problems giving clear recommendations how to eliminate them. At first a brief historical overview about Ro-Ro transportation is presented to the reader. This is followed by a description of the Ro-Ro ships operating nowadays in the Southern Baltic. Some important design aspects are considered and peculiarities of Ro-Ro cargo handling and transportation are determined. A detailed look from the commercial point of view is taken at the setting up of a Ro- Ro shipping line and the role of ports in Ro-Ro shipping line foundation, operation and development is evaluated. A general Ro-Ro market overview and analysis of Ro-Ro cargo transportation in the Southern Baltic during the last three years was carried out. Most Ro-Ro shipping companies operating as well as the leading ports in the Southern Baltic and the Ro- Ro shipping lines in this area with some technical data were briefly described. An interesting alternative is also presented to the Ro-Ro operators – to incorporate their shipping lines into an intermodal transportation chain and a thorough analysis of Ro- Ro transportation on a particular shipping route is presented. Finally, future developments of the Ro-Ro market in the Southern Baltic are foreseen and conclusions with recommendations for Ro-Ro operators how to act in today’s competitive market are listed. Keywords: Ro-Ro transportation, ship design, setting-up, line, market research. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration ii Acknowledgments iii Abstract iv Table of Contents v List of Tables vii List of Figures vii List of Charts viii List of Photographs viii 1. Introduction 1 2. Technological research of Ro-Ro transportation 2.1 Ro-Ro ship types 3 2.1.1 Historical view of Ro-Ro service 3 2.1.2 Freight only Ro-Ro ships 4 2.1.3 Driver accompanied freight Ro-Ro ships 5 2.1.4 Rail ferries 6 2.1.5 Ro-pax ferries 7 2.2 Design of Ro-Ro ships 9 2.2.1 Trends in the design of the Ro-Ro ships 9 2.2.2 Conversion of Ro-Ro ships 11 2.2.3 Safety of Ro-Ro vessels 13 2.3 Ro-Ro cargo handling 17 2.4 Ro-Ro cargo transportation 24 2.4.1 General requirements for transportation of Ro-Ro cargo 24 2.4.2 Ro-Ro cargo lashing 25 2.4.3 Fire fighting systems 26 2.4.4 Ventilation system 27 2.4.5 Transportation of perishable cargoes 28 2.4.6 Transportation of dangerous goods 28 v 3. Commercial research of setting up of the Ro-Ro shipping line 3.1 General considerations before setting up of the Ro-Ro 30 shipping line 3.2 Analysis of trade between the states and liner shipping 32 activities in the Southern Baltic 3.3 Ascertainment of shipping line service conditions 33 3.4 Calculation of Ro-Ro shipping line optimum scheme 34 4. The role of port in Ro-Ro shipping line 4.1 The role of port in setting-up of the Ro-Ro shipping line 38 4.2 The role of port in Ro-Ro shipping line operation 44 4.3 The role of port in Ro-Ro shipping line development 49 4.4 Port adaptability to Ro-Ro transportation 51 5. Research of the Southern Baltic Ro-Ro transportation market 5.1 Analysis of Ro-Ro cargo transportation flows 55 5.1.1 General world’s Ro-Ro market overview 55 5.1.2 Southern Baltic region analysis 60 5.1.3 TINA Project 63 5.1.4 Ro-Ro operators in the Southern Baltic 65 5.1.5 Main Southern Baltic ports 85 5.2 Perspectives of Ro-Ro transportation incorporation into the 90 intermodal chain 5.3 Research of Ro-Ro transportation in a particular shipping line 97 5.4 Future developments of the Ro-Ro market in the Southern 105 Baltic 6. Conclusions and recommendations 109 References 112 Appendixes Appendix A Specific items of Ro-Ro ships design 115 1. Hull and structure 115 2. Access equipment 116 Appendix B Statistics 124 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Intensity of inquiries for new Ro-Ro ships 9 Table 2 Different types of exhaust gases 27 Table 3 Characteristics of main competing unitised short sea modal 30 systems Table 4 Average value of short-sea unitised cargo by shipping mode 31 Table 5 Factors influencing setting-up of the shipping line 38 Table 6 Different levels of cargo transportation security 39 Table 7 Possibility of changes in legal matters 40 Table 8 Traditions, customs and other conditions in ports 41 Table 9 Ro-Ro stevedoring – representative equipment costs 47 Table 10 Major features of various types of terminal systems 52 Table 11 Ro-Ro cargo turnover in the port of Klaipeda (in thousand 62 units) Table 12 Ro-Ro cargo flows on the Klaipeda – Kiel route 98 Table 13 Ro-Ro cargo flows in the Klaipeda direction 99 Table 14 Ro-Ro cargo flows in the Kiel direction 99 Table 15 Distribution of ro-ro units transportation by sea and land-based 100 Table 16 Liner tariffs on the route Kiel – Klaipeda (in DEM) 101 Table 17 Angle between the deck and ramp 122 Table 18 Ro-Ro trade between the states 124 Table 19 Ro-Ro cargo turnover in the Southern Baltic ports 126 Table 20 Freight only Ro-Ro ships on order 128 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Stockholm Agreement (Height of water on deck) 15 Figure 2 Direct shipping line 44 Figure 3 Rotational shipping line 44 Figure 4 Radial shipping line 45 Figure 5 Combined shipping line 45 Figure 6 Terminal Operating Management System TOMaS 50 vii LIST OF CHARTS Chart 1 Ro-Ro and Lo-Lo cargo handling time 17 Chart 2 Ro-Ro vessels TC rates 55 Chart 3 Contract cost, USD/lane meter 57 Chart 4 Sale and purchase activity for Ro-Ro ships 57 Chart 5 Sale and purchase activity 58 Chart 6 Number of Ro-Ro vessels in 2000 58 Chart 7 Number of Ro-Ro vessels on order and scrapped 59 Chart 8 Average service speed of Ro-Ro vessels 59 Chart 9 Additional expenses transporting Ro-Ro cargo by sea up to 103 10.98 (%) Chart 10 Global deep-sea shipments: Projection through 2004 105 Chart 11 The existing Ro-Ro fleet 106 LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Photograph 1 Freight only Ro-Ro vessel “Siauliai” of LISCO 5 Photograph 2 Driver accompanied freight Ro-Ro vessel “Kahlberg” of 6 Scandlines AG Photograph 3 Rail ferry “Klaipeda” of LISCO 7 Photograph 4 Passenger ferry “Stena Europe” of Stena Line 8 Photograph 5 Conversion of the m/v “Hansa Link” 12 Photograph 6 Ro-Ro cargo lashing equipment 25 Photograph 7 The SAT lashing system 26 Photograph 8 Ro-Ro ferry facilities – linkspan and pontoon 53 Photograph 9 Stern ramp 117 Photograph 10 Quarter ramp 118 Photograph 11 Bow access – clamshell arrangement 120 Photograph 12 Side ramp 121 Photograph 13 Internal elevator 122 Photograph 14 Hoistable ramp 123 Photograph 15 Side-hinged ramp 123 viii CHAPTER 1.