Estate: Dillon (Clonbrock)
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Herdsmen Around Loughrea in the Late 19Th Century[1]
A ‘spirit of self-preservation’: herdsmen around Loughrea in the late 19th century [1] Dr John Cunningham Thanks to the spirit of self-preservation, based on the principles of trades unionism for mutual protection, these long-deserving toilers have unaided from any other source succeeded in putting their many grievances in such a manner that the owners of the flocks and herds felt constrained to recognise and atone for in many instances.[2] The above tribute to the Loughrea-based South and East Galway Shepherds’ Association was prompted by the tenth anniversary celebrations of a remarkable organisation, at once the defender of the traditional prerogatives of its members and the vindicator of the legitimacy of their calling. The Loughrea Herds’ League*, as it was generally known, was one of the more durable trade unions in the history of rural Ireland, but it was also a contending party in the land war of the late 19th century. The League first came into public view at an open-air meeting in the village of Bullaun on 8 June 1882. It was an appropriate venue —bullán may be translated from the Irish as ‘bullock’ — a place long associated with pastoral farming, and the centre of an extensive grazing district. The large and representative meeting had been widely-advertised by placard and word-of-mouth all over East Galway, and it succeeded in its purpose, which was to place the nascent League on a regular footing. Given the circumstances of the time, the authorities took a close interest in the proceedings, having been alerted by Oliver Dolphin junior, son of Oliver Dolphin of Turoe House, a grazing farmer of over 1,000 acres in his own right, and the employer of several herdsmen.[3] The gathering at Bullaun was but the biggest in a series of organisational meetings held in the area during May and June 1882. -
Tracing Your Roots in North-West Connemara
Tracing eour Roots in NORTHWEST CONNEMARA Compiled by Steven Nee This project is supported by The European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development - Europe investing in rural areas. C O N T E N T S Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... Page 4 Initial Research (Where to begin) ............................................................................................................... Page 5 Administrative Divisions ............................................................................................................................... Page 6 Useful Resources Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. Page 8 Census 1901/1911 ......................................................................................................................................... Page 8 Civil/State Records .................................................................................................................................... Page 10 National Repositories ................................................................................................................................. Page 10 Griffiths Valuation ........................................................................................................................................ Page 14 Church Records ......................................................................................................................................... -
Landlord-Tenant Relations on the Clonbrock Estate in Galway, 1849-93 by John O’Sullivan
Landlord-Tenant Relations on the Clonbrock Estate in Galway, 1849-93 by John O’Sullivan This study examines Lord Clonbrock’s relationship with his tenants in the post-famine period until his death in 1893. A cursory glance at the measures taken by him to alleviate distress on his estate during the famine shows that, when fact and legend are separated, his efforts saved his people from a worse fate. The convenient view once held that landlords charged excessively high rents and did not invest money in their estates does not apply to Lord Clonbrock. In the period 1849-80 his rents increased by just eighteen per cent while almost eleven per cent of rental income was spent on improvements to his estate. When tenants whose rental was low were in difficulties in times of temporary economic crises he responded positively to their problems. Special attention is devoted to Lord Clonbrock’s extensive tenants who paid rental in excess of £100 a year. Though these tenants constituted less than five per cent of the total tenant population of the estate they accounted for over forty per cent of the total rental income. These tenants rarely experienced difficulty in paying their rents. Lord Clonbrock responded to the land agitation which began in the late 1870s, in a non confrontational manner. He allowed generous rental abatements in years of particular difficulty. While some of his tenants joined in the plan of campaign in December 1886 a settlement was soon reached in May 1887 when a rental reduction of fifteen per cent was allowed. -
Archaeological Discoveries on a Road Scheme in East Galway Jerry O’Sullivan
8.The quiet landscape: archaeological discoveries on a road scheme in east Galway Jerry O’Sullivan The quiet landscape This paper is about the archaeological investigations on the N6 Galway to East Ballinasloe PPP scheme. At about the time these investigations commenced I was in conversation with Dr Stefan Berg, a lecturer in archaeology at NUI Galway, exchanging news of our work. Stefan was engaged in fieldwork in the mountain and maritime parts of Mayo and Sligo. He described these as ‘loud landscapes that speak with a very strong voice’ about the ways in which soils and rivers, mountains and coast, have influenced human communities in the past. Then he remarked, as an afterthought, that ‘east Galway, where you are working now, is a very quiet landscape that only speaks with a whisper about its past’. At the time I readily agreed. West of Lough Corrib, Galway also has a loud and very beautiful landscape. Unsurprisingly, the popular image of the county is a postcard view of Connemara’s mountains and beaches. In contrast, east of the Corrib, in the interior, Galway is low-lying and often poorly drained, and has more in common with Ireland’s midlands than with the Atlantic coast (Illus. 1). Throughout east Galway glacial deposits have created a mosaic of low rounded hills and knolls that are moderately well drained and suitable for pasture and tillage. These are interspersed with very frequent pockets of poorly drained ground forming peat bogs and, in some locations, extensive raised bogs. Underlying the soils is limestone bedrock, fissured and soluble, so that the watercourses of east Galway are not the fat brown rivers found in the south and east of Ireland but meagre, narrow rivers that can never accumulate much water—because so much of it is lost to underground limestone aquifers. -