Carnets Geol. 20 (15)

E-ISSN 1634-0744 DOI 10.2110/carnets.2020.2015

Additional data on post-Paleozoic sea-lilies (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) from the Outer Carpathians of the and

, Mariusz A. SALAMON 1 2

Miroslav BUBÍK 3

Bruno FERRÉ 4

Andrzej SZYDŁO5 5 Piotr NESCIERUK

Bartosz J. PŁACHNO 6 1 Tomasz BRACHANIEC 1 Karolina PASZCZA Abstract: (Tithonian) and Lower (Berriasian/Valanginian-Hauterivian) strata of the Vendryně and Cieszyn Limestones formations in the Czech Republic and Poland are locally rich in cri- noid remains, consisting of whole cups, isolated cup elements, brachial plates, columnals and plurico- lumnals, cirrals, and holdfasts. They are assigned to isocrinids (Isocrinida: Isocrinus cf. amblyscalaris, Isocrinida indet.), cyrtocrinids (Cyrtocrinida: Eugeniacrinites sp., Phyllocrinus sp., Gammarocrinites sp., Hemicrinus tithonicus, Plicatocrinus hexagonus, Cyrtocrinida indet.), millericrinids (Millericrinida: Millericrinida indet.), and thiolliericrinids (Comatulida, Thiolliericrinidae: Thiolliericrinidae gen. et sp. In- det.). Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) and Paleogene (Paleocene-Oligocene) from the Subsile- sian Unit are recorded as individual remains belonging to: Isocrinida indet., Cyrtocrinida indet., bour- gueticrinids (Comatulida, Bourgueticrinina: Bourgueticrinina fam. et gen. indet.) and roveacrinids (Ro- veacrinida, Roveacrinidae gen. et sp. indet.). Roveacrinids were retrieved only from Maastrichtian sam- ples. Despite the conclusions previously presented that isocrinids of the Outer Flysch Carpathians do- minated around the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary due to the very shallow sedimentary environment of these strata, we can now conclude that they were common and associated with cyrtocrinids in all types of environments. It is also worth mentioning that cyrtocrinids and isocrinids occur in Paleogene sedi- ments that were deposited in extremely shallow environments. On the other hand, many literature da- ta suggested that Cretaceous (by mid-Cretaceous) isocrinids migrated to deep-water areas, as a response to an increase in the number of predators during the so-called Mesozoic marine revolution.

1 University of in , Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Earth Sciences, Bedzińska Street 60, 41- 200 Sosnowiec (Poland) 2 [email protected] 3 Czech Geological Survey, Leitnerova Street 22, 65869 Brno (Czech Republic) 4 2 rue Guy de Maupassant, F-76800 Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray (France) 5 Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute, Carpathian Branch in Cracow, Skrzatów Street 1, 31-560 Cracow (Poland) 6 Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, Gronostajowa Street 9, 30-387 Cracow (Poland)

Published online in final form (pdf) on October 14, 2020 [Editor: Bruno GRANIER; language editor: Stephen CAREY]

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Key-words: • Western Carpathians; • Silesian Unit; • Subsilesian Unit; • Jurassic; • Cretaceous; • Paleogene; • Crinoidea; • Cyrtocrinids; • taxonomy; • Czech Republic; • Poland

Citation: SALAMON M. A., BUBÍK M., FERRÉ B., SZYDŁO A., NESCIERUK P., PŁACHNO B.J., BRACHANIEC T. & PASZCZA K. (2020).- Additional data on post-Paleozoic sea-lilies (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) from the Outer Carpathians of the Czech Republic and Poland.- Carnets Geol., Madrid, vol. 20, no. 15, p. 283- 299. Résumé : Données complémentaires sur les lys de mer post-paléozoïques (crinoïdes ; Crinoi- dea, Echinodermata) des Carpathes externes de la République tchèque et de Pologne.- Les dépôts jurassiques (Tithonien) et crétacés inférieurs (Berriasien/Valanginien-Hauterivien) des forma- tions de Vendryně et des Calcaires de Cieszyn de la République tchèque et de Pologne sont localement riches en restes crinoïdiques, représentés par des thèques entières, éléments isolés de thèque, pièces brachiales, columnales et pluri-columnales, de cirres et de crampons. Ils sont rapportés respective- ment aux isocrinides (Isocrinida : Isocrinus cf. amblyscalaris, Isocrinida indet.), cyrtocrinides (Cyrtocri- nida : Eugeniacrinites sp., Phyllocrinus sp., Gammarocrinites sp., Hemicrinus tithonicus, Plicatocrinus hexagonus, Cyrtocrinida indet.), millericrinides (Millericrinida : Millericrinida indet.) et aux thiolliericri- nides (Comatulida, Thiolliericrinidae : Thiolliericrinidae gen. et sp. indet.). Ces crinoïdes du Crétacé supérieur (Maastrichtien) et du Paléogène (Paléocène-Oligocène) sont représentés par des restes isolés appartenant aux : Isocrinida indet., Cyrtocrinida indet., bourgueticrinides (Comatulida, Bourgue- ticrinina : Bourgueticrinina fam. et gen. indet.) et aux rovéacrinides (Roveacrinida, Roveacrinidae gen. et sp. indet.). Les rovéacrinides ont été récupérés uniquement dans les échantillons du Maastrichtien. Malgré les conclusions présentées préalablement que les isocrinides des Carpathes du Flysch externe dominaient aux alentours de la limite Jurassique-Crétacé en raison de l'environnement sédimentaire beaucoup moins profond de ces dépôts, nous pouvons maintenant conclure qu'ils furent communs et associés aux cyrtocrinides dans tous les types d'environnement. Il est également utile de préciser que les cyrtocrinides et les isocrinides sont présents dans les sediments paléogènes qui furent déposés dans les environnements extrêmement peu profonds. De nombreuses données suggèrent que les iso- crinides crétacés (depuis le Crétacé moyen) ont migré dans les zones d'eaux profondes en réponse à l'accroisssement du nombre de prédateurs lors de la soi-disant révolution marine mésozoïque. Mots-clefs : • Carpathes occidentales ; • Unité silésienne ; • Unité sous-silésienne ; • Jurassique ; • Crétacé ; • Paléogène ; • Crinoidea ; • taxonomie ; • République tchèque ; • Pologne 1. Introduction OLIWA et al., 2008). Crinoids from the Polish sec- tor of the Outer Carpathians (Cieszyn Limestone HOHENEGGER (1861) was the first to mention Formation) were the sole topic of SALAMON et al. remains from the Outer Flysch Carpa- (2020). These latter authors stated that the echi- thians, namely Pentacrinites annulatus RÖMER noderms are absent from the Vendryně and Hra- from the Vendryně Formation and the upper diště formations (Tithonian and Berriasian/Valan- member of the Cieszyn Limestone Formation. RO- ginian-Hauterivian respectively). They added that GALA (1909) and KOKOSZYŃSKA (1949) claimed that Isocrinus cf. amblyscalaris (THURMANN) and Isocri- remains of Pentacrinus sp. (=Isocrinus?) and nida indet. both occur in the Vendryně Formation Pentacrinus neocomiensis (DESOR) (=Isocrinus? (Tithonian), whereas crinoids are more diversified neocomiensis) are common in the Lower Creta- in the Cieszyn Limestone Formation (Berriasian) ceous of the Outer Carpathians. However, such and are represented by isocrinids (Isocrinida) and statements and taxonomic assignments raised cyrtocrinids (Cyrtocrinida) belonging to the fol- our doubts and needed to be verified. Later, un- lowing taxa: Isocrinus? annulatus (ROEMER), Bala- specified were also mentioned from nocrinus subteres (MÜNSTER), B. cf. smithi HESS & both the Czech and Polish sectors of the Outer GALE, and Hemicrinus sp. Carpathians (Cieszyn Beds) (e.g., WAŚKOWSKA-

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Figure 1: Map of Central Europe with studied sections in the Czech Republic and Poland: 1 - river gorge in Ven- dryně, 2 - Wopienka Quarry in Vendryně, 3 - Dolní Líštná Quarry, 4 - Bystřice nad Olší, 5 - Jatný, 6 - Hluchová, 7 – Zaolší, 8 - Starý Jičín, 9 - Ženklava, 10 - Leszna Górna Quarry. Figure 1 : Carte géographique d'Europe centrale avec localisation des sections étudiées en République tchèque et en Pologne: 1 - coupe de la rivière Olza à Vendryně, 2 - carrière Wopienka à Vendryně, 3 - carrière de Dolní Líštná, 4 – Bystřice nad Olší, 5 - Jatný, 6 - Hluchová, 7 - Zaolší, 8 - Starý Jičín, 9 - Ženklava, 10 - carrière de Leszna Górna.

The Outer Carpathians extend to Ukraine. KLI- vestigated (for details see SALAMON et al., 2020), KUSHIN (1992) recorded the following Jurassic was selected for research. In this taxa from the Ukrainian Carpathians: Chladocri- active quarry, many isocrinids and cyrtocrinids nus oceani (ORBIGNY) from the Pliensbachian, and were collected, along with abundant thiolliericri- Balanocrinus subteres from the Callovian and Ti- nids and scarce millericrinids. The results of ta- thonian strata. However, in the same paper, KLI- phonomic, palaeoecological and systematic stu- KUSHIN (1992, p. 151, first two lines) also descri- dies of the crinoid faunas are presented herein. bed Margocrinus zitteli, now regarded as B. sub- 2. Geological setting teres, as a new species. According to KRAJEWSKI et al. (2020), only two isocrinid taxa (Balanocrinus The studied sections, including selected sp., and Isocrinina fam. et subfam. indet.) occur deposits of the Silesian and Subsilesian units, in the Jurassic sediments of the Ukrainian Outer were recognised in the Western (Moravian- Carpathians. They added that, because of the li- Silesian) Carpathians of the Czech Republic and mited size of the samples and/or the type of ma- Poland (ŻYTKO et al., 1989). In this area the ceration, no complete isocrinid element was re- Carpathian orogen comprises deep- and shallow- trieved from any Cretaceous sample. Therefore water sediments from the Upper Jurassic to the no crinoid remains have ever been identified from lower Miocene that underwent complex post-Jurassic sedimentary rocks of Ukraine. deformation that terminated during the middle During current investigations of the Tithonian, Miocene. Most of them feature deposition by Berriasian-Valanginian, Maastrichtian and Paleo- turbidity currents and other gravity flows in very cene-Oligocene, exposures in the Czech Republic tectonically active basins which were repeatedly were selected for crinoid research (Fig. 1). They divided and unified during both subsidence and yielded reasonably common crinoid ossicles be- uplift. The basins developed in the context of the longing to the isocrinids and cyrtocrinids and rare rise and folding of the Carpathian orogen ossicles of bourgueticrinids, millericrinids, and (OSZCZYPKO, 2006; JANKOWSKI, 2015). The sedi- thiolliericrinids. In Poland, a single locality (Lesz- mentary complex also includes carbonate and na Górna Quarry; Valanginian), not previously in- non-carbonate pelagic and hemipelagic sediments

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that filled the basin during periods of low tectonic re details on the correlation between these depo- activity and stable sea level. Some of the sedi- sits see SALAMON et al. (2020), and for the detai- ments, determined as Upper Jurassic-Lower Cre- led geology of the area which extends from the taceous (Silesian unit) and Upper Cretaceous-Pa- quarry located in the vicinity of Leszna Górna to leogene (Subsilesian unit), have previously been the Polish-Czech border see NESCIERUK and WÓJCIK examined for crinoids. HOHENEGGER (1861) subdi- (2004, 2013). vided the oldest strata of the Silesian Unit into Apart from the oldest sedimentary rocks in the the "Unterer Teschenerschiefer" (Lower Cieszyn Czech-Polish border area, Upper Cretaceous and Shale), "Teschnerkalkstein" (Cieszyn Limestone) Paleogene deposits outcropping in the Czech ter- and the "Oberer Teschenerschiefer" (Upper Cies- ritory were also investigated (Fig. 2). These zyn Shale). The same author distinguished the mostly hemipelagic, pelitic rocks are divided into "untere-" and "obere Abtheilung" within the Cies- several formations: the Frýdek Formation (Turo- zyn Limestone (Lower and Upper Cieszyn Lime- nian-Paleocene), the Frýdlant Formation (Maas- stone). To avoid the confusion of having several trichtian-Eocene) and the Menilite Formation (Oli- stratigraphic units derived from the same topo- gocene) (BUBIK et al., 2016). The Frýdek and Frý- nym, we follow the revised lithostratigraphy of dlant formations were deposited mostly under ELIÁŠ et al. (2003) in the Czech Outer Carpa- oxic conditions and locally contain a macrofauna thians. According to this proposal, the oldest of small fossils. The Menilite Formation was depo- strata of the Silesian Unit are divided into the sited under anoxic/dysoxic conditions and lacks a Vendryně Formation (=Lower Cieszyn Shale; Ti- calcareous benthonic macrofauna. These strata thonian), the Cieszyn Limestone Formation (Ti- are locally replaced by a pebbly mudstone facies thonian-Valanginian) with a lower micritic mem- containing a macrofauna redeposited from va- ber and an upper siliciclastic member, and the rious sublittoral habitats (molluscs, bryozoans, Hradiště Formation including the former Upper echinoderms, etc.). Cieszyn Shale (Valanginian-Hauterivian). For mo-

Figure 2: Lithostratigraphic chart of crinoid-bearing strata of the Silesian and Subsilesian units with indicated position of studied sections (for section identification see Fig. 1). Figure 2 : Tableau lithostratigraphique des dépôts livrant des crinoïdes des Unités silésienne et sous-silésienne avec localisation des coupes étudiées (pour l'identification des coupes, voir Fig. 1).

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3. Materials and methods bryozoans, brachiopods, carbonate ooids, etc. are reworked from the carbonate plat- The crinoid collection from the Leszna Górna form. Quarry is housed at the University of Silesia in 4. Bystřice nad Olší (49°38'23.9"N 18°42' Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of 17.1"E). The Maastrichtian to Selandian Earth Sciences, Poland, and recorded under cata- strata of the Frýdek Formation are exposed logue number: GIUS 8-3693. The crinoids from in the large meander of the Olše River (so- the Czech localities (Vendryně and Dolní Líštná) called Bouček locality). The section consists are partly housed in the collections of the Czech of grey marls with slumps and slides. Cri- Geological Survey in Brno, Czech Republic: CGS noid ossicles were picked from washed resi- MB15 to 40. dues of the Maastrichtian strata. The marls Crinoids were retrieved from the following lo- with slumps were deposited in upper ba- calities (see Figs. 1 - 2): thyal depths, and crinoids may either be re- 1. Olza River gorge in Vendryně (49°39' worked from the deeper sublittoral or even 51.2"N 18°41'38.5"E). Marly shales expo- autochthonous. sed in the river gorge are part of the Ven- 5. Jatný (49°37'35.0"N 18°43'06.9"E). dryně Formation. They are early Tithonian Brown-grey pebbly mudstones and para- in age, based on the macrofauna with Exo- conglomerates exposed at Jatný Creek in gyra nana (ŘEHOŘ et al. , 1978; VAŠÍČEK , Bystřice nad Olší can be assigned to the 1972). Crinoid elements were obtained du- slumped facies of the Menilite Formation ring 1979-1980 by washing weathered, ea- (Oligocene). Crinoid ossicles are a part of sily disintegrating rock from marly para- the reworked shelly macrofauna. The plank- conglomerate bodies. Marly shales and pa- tonic foraminiferal assemblage is composed ra-conglomerates are hemipelagites and of multiple taxa reworked from various slump masses deposited in the bathyal zo- Eocene levels and may indicate an Eocene ne. Crinoids are very probably reworked age for the crinoid remains. The pebbly from carbonate platforms together with mudstones were deposited in the upper other macrofauna, carbonate ooids, etc. bathyal zone. The macrofauna is reworked 2. Wopienka Quarry in Vendryně (49°40' from different sublittoral and upper bathyal 34.5"N 18°43'07.3"E). A few thick banks of habitats, so the original habitat of the detrital limestone formerly exposed in the crinoids is not known. quarry can be assigned to the upper mem- 6. Hluchová (49°38'44.6"N 18°44'22.0"E). ber of the Cieszyn Limestone Formation. Oligocene strata similar to those of the Jat- The crinoid remains were collected from ný section were exposed in the Hluchová weathered surfaces of siliciclastic-limestone River gorge. Brown-grey pebbly mudstones banks in 1977. The presumed age of the contain large foraminifers and a shelly ma- strata is Berriasian-Valanginian as in the crofauna of diminutive size (bryozoans, Dolní Líštná quarry. During the 2019 field- molluscs, brachiopods, echinoderm ossicles, trip, the quarry wall was no longer acces- etc. ). Crinoid remains were picked from sible, being completely covered by slope washing residues. The fauna may be partly debris and vegetation. The detrital lime- or completely reworked from the Eocene. stones were deposited in the same sedi- The outcrops, now covered, are no longer mentary setting as identical strata of the accessible. The sedimentary setting was Dolní Líštná Quarry. probably the same as that at Jatny. 3. Dolní Líštná Quarry (49°41'17.3"N 18° 7. Zaolší (49°38'07.2"N 18°42'22.9"E). Oli- 41'45.9"E). Thick-bedded marlstones inter- gocene strata similar to those of the Jatný bedded with marly siltstones and marl- section are exposed in the left (southern) stones are assigned to the upper member river bank of the Olše River at Bystřice and of the Cieszyn Limestone Formation. The Olší. Faunal composition, age and sedimen- lower part of the quarry wall is upper Ber- tary setting are nearly the same as those of riasian and the upper part, lower Valangi- the Jatný section. nian, based on dinocyst biostratigraphy 8. Starý Jičín (49°34'39.5"N 17°58'10.2"E). (BOOROVÁ et al. , 2003). Numerous isolated Occasional excavation exposed dark-grey crinoid elements were retrieved during field calcareous claystones with few turbiditic seasons in 1979-1981 by washing rusty calcareous sandstones and fine-grained bio- weathered residues from crevices in lime- detritic conglomerates, up to 160 cm-thick. stone banks. The common occurrence of These strata are part of the Frýdek Forma- crinoids was confirmed during summer tion. Planktonic foraminifers from the clay- 2019 by three of us (MB, MAS and TB). The stones indicate a Danian to Selandian age. detrital limestones were deposited by tur- Crinoid remains were retrieved from bidity currents in a submarine fan in the ba- washed residues of the disaggregated con- thyal zone. Contained crinoids, oysters, glomerate. The hemipelagic claystones

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were deposited at upper or middle bathyal 4. Results depths. The crinoids and other macrofauna, including bryozoans, bivalves and echinoids, As a result of our new investigations during are reworked from the sublittoral zone. 2019, numerous remains consisting of crinoid 9. Ženklava (49°33'17.0"N 18°06'52.1"E). cups, isolated cup elements, brachial plates, co- Dark brown-grey pebbly mudstones with lumnals, and pluricolumnals were collected. The calcareous sandstone layers exposed in a following taxa were identified: small stream can be assigned to the lower  Isocrinus cf. amblyscalaris (THURMANN , in Oligocene pebbly mudstone facies of the THURMANN & ÉTALLON ), represented by more Menilite Fm. Rare crinoid ossicles were than 200 isolated columnals and plurico- picked up from the washing residues of mi- lumnals, and columnals and pluricolumnals crofauna. The sedimentary setting was pro- visible on PS. I. cf. amblyscalaris was col- bably the same as that at Jatný. lected in the Leszna Górna Quarry (Valan- 10. Leszna Górna Quarry (49°42'14.5"N 18° ginian; Poland), Olza River gorge (Titho- 44'07.5"E). This active quarry in Poland ex- nian; Czech Republic), the Dolní Líštná poses the upper member of the Cieszyn Li- Quarry (Berriasian-Valanginian; Czech Re- mestone Formation. Medium- to thick-bed- public), and the Wopienka Quarry (Berria- ded, coarse-grained detrital limestones, in- sian-Valanginian; Czech Republic). terbedded with black silty shales and marly  Isocrinida indet., represented by more shales, prevail. The stratigraphy of these than 300 isolated columnals and plurico- strata is complicated by the overthrusting lumnals, numerous brachials and cirrals, of tectonic slices, each one subdivided and columnals, pluricolumnals and brachials internally into blocks by strike-slip faults visible on PS and in TS. Isocrinida indet. (e.g. , KOPRIANIUK , 2007). The thinning of the was collected in the Leszna Górna Quarry limestone banks and the growing proportion (Valanginian; Poland), Olza River gorge of shales in the top of the quarry indicate (Tithonian; Czech Republic), the Dolní the transition to the overlying Hradiště Líštná Quarry (Berriasian-Valanginian; Formation (upper Valanginian according to Czech Republic), the Wopienka Quarry its foraminiferal content). Thus the detrital (Berriasian-Valanginian; Czech Republic), limestones of the Cieszyn Limestone Forma- Bystřice nad Olší (Maastrichtian; Czech tion are most probably also Valanginian. Republic), Starý Jičín (Paleocene; Czech The occurrence of a crinoid fauna was con- Republic), and Jatný (Eocene/Oligocene; firmed previously. A specimen of Plicatocri- Czech Republic). nus hexagonus SIEVERTS -DORECK , now lost,  Eugeniacrinites sp., represented by a was found (BP in 2004) in debris covering single cup collected in the Leszna Górna the northern wall of the Leszna Górna Quar- Quarry (Valanginian; Poland). ry. A new collection was made in the quarry  Phyllocrinus sp., represented by two (MB, MAS and TB in August 2019), and cri- cups from the Leszna Górna Quarry (Valan- noids were found at the eastern end of the ginian; Poland). first operating level of the quarry.  Gammarocrinites sp., represented by six Crinoid remains occurring on the surface of isolated columnals and seven brachial pla- slabs were photographed in the field using an tes. Gammarocrinites sp. was collected in iPhone S. In addition, seven carbonate samples, the Leszna Górna Quarry (Valanginian; Po- each weighing from 5 to 7 kg, were collected and land). taken back to the Laboratory of the Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Uni-  Hemicrinus tithonicus PISERA & DZIK , re- versity of Silesia, in Katowice. Five samples were presented by three cups. H. tithonicus was selected at random, and a series of thin sections collected in the Leszna Górna Quarry (Va- (TS) and polished slabs (PS) were prepared. TS langinian; Poland). and PS were then investigated and interpreted  Cyrtocrinida indet., represented by one (BF). The next step consisted in treating the rock partly preserved cup, several isolated cup samples with GLAUBER 's salt (up to five cycles of remains, brachial plates, and columnals boiling-thawing). The mixture was then washed visible on PS and in TS. Cyrtocrinida indet. using running hot tap water and screened on a was collected in the Leszna Górna Quarry sieve column (Ø 1.0, 0.315 and 0.1mm mesh, (Valanginian; Poland), the Dolní Líštná respectively). Finally all macerated samples were Quarry (Berriasian-Valanginian; Czech dried at 180°C. Residues were hand-picked using Republic), Hluchová, and Ženklava (Eo- a microscope. Some specimens were cleaned with cene/Oligocene; Czech Republic). hot hydrogen peroxide and then rinsed under  Millericrinida indet., represented by 27 running hot tap water. All crinoids recovered from columnals. Millericrinida indet. was collected maceration were photographed using a Canon in the Leszna Górna Quarry (Valanginian; Eos 350D digital camera. Poland), Olza River gorge (Tithonian; Czech

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Republic), the Dolní Líštná Quarry (Ber- are not visible. Similarly, pluricolumnals riasian-Valanginian; Czech Republic), and consisting of several columnals are heavily the Wopienka Quarry (Berriasian-Valan- rounded. According to GORZELAK and SALA - ginian; Czech Republic). MON (2013), such features can arise from  Thiolliericrinidae gen. et sp. indet., re- transportation over a distance in excess of presented by 50 columnals. Thiolliericrini- 100 km (see GORZELAK & SALAMON , 2013: dae gen. et sp. indet. was collected in the Fig. 2.c-d). Alternatively, the abrasion of Leszna Górna Quarry (Valanginian; Poland), crinoid ossicles may be a side effect of sedi- Olza River gorge (Tithonian; Czech Re- ment reworking (or transport plus sediment public), the Dolní Líštná Quarry (Berriasian- reworking). On the other hand, 20% of re- Valanginian; Czech Republic), and the Wo- mains display no such signs. Their co-oc- pienka Quarry (Berriasian-Valanginian; currence (abraded ossicles and well-preser- Czech Republic). ved columnals, pluricolumnals, plus cups) indicates that crinoids may represent a  Roveacrinida gen. et sp. indet., repre- mixture of remains from different environ- sented by a single brachial plate. Roveacri- ments. nida was collected in Bystřice nad Olší Almost 30% of the Jurassic and 30% of the (Maastrichtian; Czech Republic). Cretaceous ossicles have dissolution traces  Bourgueticrinina gen. et sp. indet., re- and their stereom mesh is poorly visible. presented by three columnals. Bourgueticri- Additionally, many columnals and plurico- nina was collected in Starý Jičín (Paleocene; lumnals are overgrown by epitaxial calcite. Czech Republic), Jatný and Zaolší (Eoce- Cretaceous ossicles are brown, yellow- ne/Oligocene; Czech Republic). brown and sometimes red from a stain re- 5. Taphonomy sulting from an iron-oxide coating. 4. As suggested above, crinoid remains re- Only Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous crinoid present a mixed assemblage of allochtho- ossicles (ca. 700 ossicles) were used for taphono- nous and parautochthonous elements, as mic analyses. Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene indivi- supported by the co-occurrence of strongly duals were too few. Investigated specimens were abraded ossicles, and less abraded, arti- scrutinised in search of: 1) epibionts, 2) preda- culated ossicles ( e.g. , cyrtocrinid cups). The tion traces, 3) signs of abrasion, chemical altera- presence of cyrtocrinid cups may be explai- tion of ossicle structure and bioerosion traces, ned by their cups being massive with tightly and 4) disarticulation gradient sensu BRETT et al. sutured plates, and, therefore, classified as (1997). Taphonomic type III sensu BRETT et al. 1. Strongly abraded epibionts, most proba- (1997; see also ZATOŃ et al. , 2008). Bour- bly serpulids, are detected on the lateral gueticrinid cups also belong to this type. surface of three isocrinid pluricolumnals. Isocrinids, millericrinids and thiolliericrinids They were found only on specimens from possessed much more weakly sutured calyx the Polish locality (Leszna Górna Quarry). plates and, therefore, are prone to rapid As suggested by SALAMON and GORZELAK post-mortem disarticulation. They are clas- (2010), the low frequency of epibionts pro- sified as Taphonomic type II (BRETT et al. , bably implies that pauses in sedimentation 1997), and their most common ossicles are or omission were rare during the deposition columnals, pluricolumnals and brachials. of these sediments. 6. Palaeoecology 2. Some of the studied ossicles (9%) re- vealed a large variety of indentations, such While the palaeoecology of bourgueticrinids, as scratches and pits. They are rather shal- millericrinids, and thiolliericrinids is relatively well low and measure 0.3 mm in width and up known ( e.g. , KLIKUSHIN , 1987; AUSICH et al. , 1999, to 1.2 mm in length. All indentations are and references therein), the way of life, especial- located on lateral surfaces. They may re- ly bathymetric preferences, of cyrtocrinids and present bite marks or barnacle borings; isocrinids, should be revised. In the recent years, however, it their production during trans- several studies showed that stalked cyrtocrinids port cannot be excluded. commonly lived in both shallow- (SALAMON & GOR - 3. Eighty percent of Jurassic and 50% of ZELAK , 2007; ZAMORA et al. , 2018; SALAMON , 2019; Cretaceous ossicles have evidence of me- KRAJEWSKI et al. , 2020) and deep-water environ- chanical abrasion. This is consistent with ments ( e.g. , ZATOŃ et al. , 2008; and literature ci- their transport in gravitational flows. The ted therein). AUSICH et al. (1999) stated that cyr- associated macrofauna consists of thecideid tocrinids preferred deeper habitats, typically be- brachiopods, oysters and bryozoans, all in- low 100 m depth. Extant cyrtocrinids have been dicating shallow-marine, peri-reefal habi- documented only at considerable depths ( e.g. , tats. Some columnals are strongly abraded AUSICH et al. , 1999; and literature cited therein; and rounded, and their articular surfaces DONOVAN & JAKOBSEN , 2004; for detailed discussion see KRAJEWSKI et al. , 2020).

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Some authors ( e.g. , BOTTJER & JABLONSKI , replaced by deposition dominated by high-energy 1988; OJI , 1996; GORZELAK et al. , 2012) have gravity flows (including turbidity currents) and suggested that isocrinids disappeared from shal- resulted in the formation of a carbonate complex low water to take refuge in deep-water settings. with interbedded marly shales (upper part of the OJI (1996) added that isocrinids settled in new Cieszyn Limestones Formation). Hemipelagic se- and deep-water areas by the Early Jurassic. Ear- dimentation was also a feature of the Berriasian lier OJI (1985) concluded that, during the Meso- and predominated during the Valanginian during zoic, a lot of isocrinids migrated to deep zones tectonic quiescence. In that time of decreasing where they were not subject to predatory availability of calcium carbonate, sediments were attacks. However, he also stated that some iso- colonised by deep-infaunal detritus- and bacteria- crinids still preferred shallow seas, e.g. , Chario- feeders under low-oxygen conditions. They record crinus andreae (DESOR ). According to OJI (1985), changes in trophic conditions, leading to the the last shallow-water representatives of the dominance of siliceous agglutinated taxa in fora- order Isocrinida are known from the upper Aptian miniferal assemblages (GEROCH & KAMIŃSKI , 1995; of Japan [ Isocrinus hanaii OJI and Isocrinus ? neo- SZYDŁO , 2004, 2005). comiensis (DESOR )]. SALAMON (2007, 2008a, When the crinoid fauna is included in this pic- 2008b, 2008c, 2009; see also e.g. , JAGT , 1999; ture, it is clear that isocrinids, millericrinids and HESS & GALE , 2010; LACH , 2016; ZAMORA et al. , thiolliericrinids occur in Jurassic and Cretaceous 2018; SALAMON et al. , 2019) compiled a list of deposits. They are accompanied by numerous shallow-water Jurassic and Cretaceous (also post- cyrtocrinids. Though these rocks are deep-water Aptian) sections containing common isocrinids. (bathyal), they contain a shallow-water reworked AMÉZIANE and ROUX (1997) stated that the absen- macrofauna including crinoids. KLIKUSHIN (1987) ce of stalked crinoids from shallow-water settings described the largest collection of thiolliericrinids is a consequence of their functional morphology. from Crimea to date, where these crinoids lived They observed that, among Recent stalked cri- within the coral reefs. In addition to thiolliericri- noids, some forms are also known from relatively nids, KLIKUSHIN (1987) often referred to oysters, shallow-water settings (60 m). HESS (1999) noted nerineid gastropods, 'true' (unstalked) comatu- that isocrinids are few after the Cretaceous, but lids, and echinoids, which all co-occur with them. we regard this as a sampling bias resulting from Similarly, millericrinids occurring in the Upper Ju- palaeogeography (most marine sediments were rassic deposits are usually associated with shal- deposited in shallow waters close to current low-water environments ( e.g. , SALAMON & ZATOŃ , coastlines). WHITTLE et al. (2018) concluded 2005; RADWAŃSKA & RADWAŃSKI , 2005). On the either that migration of less mobile invertebrates other hand, deep-water discoveries of millericri- (e.g. , isocrinids) into deeper zones was globally nids are known, although most of these are Early asynchronous or that post-Mesozoic isocrinid Jurassic in age ( e.g. , HESS , 2006). Late Jurassic occurrences from both Antarctica and South and post-Jurassic sedimentation, as indicated America were "retrograde reversions" to Paleo- above, changed its character from slope hemipe- zoic-type communities in cool waters. In fact, lagites and slumps in the Tithonian to turbidites post-Mesozoic isocrinid are not as rare as clai- in the Berriasian and Valanginian (with a deepe- med, and they are equally common in shallow- ning trend). Also in these much deeper (>200 m) and deep-water sediments (see data in: e.g. , environments, isocrinids and cyrtocrinids, toge- MOORE & VOKES , 1953; RASMUSSEN , 1972; OJI , ther with millericrinids and thiolliericrinids (Ber- 1990; MEYER & OJI , 1993; DONOVAN , 1995; BAUMIL - riasian-Valanginian sections in the Czech Repu- LER & GAŹDZICKI , 1996; DONOVAN & VELTKAMP , blic: Dolní Líštná Quarry, Wopienka Quarry), were 2001; SALAMON , 2009; DONOVAN et al. , 2015, widely distributed. It is also worth mentioning 2019; SALAMON et al. , 2019; WHITTLE et al. , 2018; that cyrtocrinids and isocrinids occur in the Paleo- and references therein). gene sediments of the Czech Republic (Bystřice Changes in studied foraminiferal assemblages nad Olší, Hluchová, Jatný, Starý Jičín, Zaolší, and were strongly influenced by sedimentary condi- Ženklava). These deposits are bathyal (upper slo- tions. During the late Tithonian, benthonic forms pe) according to microfossil and lithofacies cha- displaying calcite-cemented agglutinating tests racteristics. The crinoid remains may be shallow- (Ataxophragmiidae) and also those secreting cal- water but also bathyal. The accompanying fauna cium-carbonate walls (Involutinidae) became the is derived from a mix of all these habitats. dominant foraminifers colonizing the shelf area. We should remember, on one hand, that, in The Involutinidae especially preferred reef-like these environments, some invertebrates were re- environments during the time interval during deposited from deeper parts of the sublittoral zo- which the lower part of the Cieszyn Limestone ne. Therefore, it is possible that some crinoids Formation was deposited (NESCIERUK & SZYDŁO , originally inhabited these zones. On the other 2001). The following foraminiferal assemblages hand, the state of preservation of the post-Me- previously mentioned, also noticed in the Lesz- sozoic crinoids is quite good, with no signs of nianka stream (Poland), evidence drastic changes abrasion clearly visible on facets, etc. (compare in sedimentary regime during the Berriasian. Du- e.g. , Fig. 3.J, T-U). It seems unlikely that they ring that time shallow-water sedimentation was underwent vigorous and extended transport.

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7. Systematics lar in section. Brachials are rather small, V- or ra- rely U-shaped. Proximal facets of primibrachials The systematics of crinoids follows the scheme are muscular. They have large muscle fields; proposed by HESS and MESSING (2011). other facets display an embayed synarthry or a cryptosynarthry. Secundibrachials are smooth. Order Isocrinida SIEVERTS -DORECK , They have deeply incised adoral furrows and obli- in MOORE et al. , 1952 que muscular facets with large muscle fields. Suborder Isocrinina Proximal brachials are wide. Distal brachials are higher than wide. SIEVERTS -DORECK , in UBAGHS , 1953 Range in Outer Carpathians: Tithonian-Valan- Family Isocrinidae GISLÉN , 1924 ginian, Maastrichtian, Paleocene, Eocene/Oligo- cene. Subfamily Isocrininae GISLÉN , 1924 Order Cyrtocrinida Genus Isocrinus SIEVERTS -DORECK , 1952 MEYER , in AGASSIZ , 1836 Type species: Isocrinites pendulus MEYER , in Suborder Cyrtocrinina AGASSIZ , 1836 SIEVERTS -DORECK , 1952

Isocrinus cf. amblyscalaris (THURMANN , Superfamily Eugeniacrinitoidea in THURMANN & ÉTTALON , 1861) ROEMER , 1855

(Fig. 3.I, L) Family Eugeniacrinitidae ROEMER , 1855 1861 ? Pentacrinus amblyscalaris THURMANN , in THUR - ILLER MANN & ÉTTALON , p. 351. Genus Eugeniacrinites M , 1821 Type species: Eugeniacrinites quinquangularis Material. More than 200 isolated columnals MILLER , 1821 and pluricolumnals, and columnals and plurico- lumnals visible on PS; catalogue numbers: GIUS Eugeniacrinites sp. 8-3693Ica, CGS MB25. (Fig. 3.A) Description. Columnals are stellate, and me- dium to large in size. Their diameter is 4.40 mm, Material. One cup; catalogue number: GIUS 8- and their height varies between 1.45 and 2.60 3693Es. mm. Crenularium is well developed and consists Description. Cup is smooth, funnel-shaped and of a maximum of 18 crenulae per petal. Petal slightly pentagonal in outline. Radial articular fa- floors are relatively thin, sometimes long. Inter- cets are moderately low and very wide. They ha- radial areas are well developed. Latera ornamen- ve small aboral ligament fossae, deeply excava- ted by knobby ridges situated radially or by an ted inter-articular fossae, and relatively low ado- interradial knob. Lumen is very small and circu- ral muscle fossae. Radial articular facets are se- lar. parated by rather large interradial projections; Detailed discussion in SALAMON et al. (2020). interradial projections are blunt. Radial cavity is shallow, probably due to matrix infilling. Suture Range in Outer Carpathians: Tithonian-Valan- lines are clearly visible. Facet to stem is circular ginian. and wide. Isocrinidae indet. Discussion. The generic type species, Eugenia- (Fig. 3.H, J-K) crinites cariophilites (SCHLOTHEIM ), is similar to the cup at hand with its smooth, funnel-shaped and Material. More than 300 isolated columnals pentagonal in outline cup ( cf. HESS , 1975: Tab. and pluricolumnals, numerous brachials, cirrals, 23, fig. 1; HESS & MESSING , 2011: Fig. 88/1a). columnals, pluricolumnals, and brachials visible However, the stratigraphic range of the type spe- on PS and in TS; catalogue numbers: GIUS 8- cies is restricted to the Middle Oxfordian. There is 3693Iin, CGS MB15, MB16, MB21, MB24, MB26, also some similarity between the specimen at MB27, MB28, MB32, MB38, MB39. hand and Eugeniacrinites zitteli JAEKEL (blunt in- Description. Columnals are very small to ex- terradial projections). This character distin- tremely large, with diameter ranging from 0.55 to guishes E. cariophilites from E. zitteli , as already 10.40 mm. Shape varies from circular to penta- pointed out by HESS et al. (2011). The latter au- gonal or pentalobate, sub-pentagonal and sub- thors described E. zitteli from the Tithonian and pentalobate, or stellate. Articular facets are com- Berriasian of eastern Poland. E. zitteli zitteli and monly not visible; in some cases only relics of E. zitteli moravicus are considered separate spe- crenulae are visible. It seems that crenulae are cies. thin. Latera is smooth or ornamented by knobby For more detailed discussion see HESS et al. ridges situated radially or by an interradial knob. (2011). Lumen is very small and circular. Cirrals are small Range in Outer Carpathians: Valanginian. to medium in size, smooth, and elliptical or circu-

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⊳⊳⊳ Figure 3: Post-Paleozoic crinoids from Outer Flysch Family Phyllocrinidae JAEKEL , 1907 Carpathians of the Czech Republic and Poland. Scale bar equals 1 mm. A. Eugeniacrinites sp., cup, lateral Genus Phyllocrinus view. Leszna Górna Quarry (Valanginian). GIUS 8- ORBIGNY , 1850, in 1850-1852 3693Es. B. Phyllocrinus sp., cup, lateral view. Leszna Górna Quarry (Valanginian). GIUS 8-3693Pm. C-D. Type species: Phyllocrinus malbosianus Gammarocrinites sp., columnals, articular face (C) and ORBIGNY , 1850, in 1850-1852 lateral view (D). Leszna Górna Quarry (Valanginian). GIUS 8-3693Gs. E. Cyrtocrinida indet., cup, lateral Phyllocrinus sp. view. Leszna Górna Quarry (Valanginian). GIUS 8- (Fig. 3.B) 3693Ci. F-G. Hemicrinus tithonicus PISERA & DZIK , cups, adoral (F) and aboral views (G). Leszna Górna Quarry Material. Two cups; catalogue number: GIUS (Valanginian). GIUS 8-3693Ht. H, J-K. Isocrinidae in- 8-3693Pm. det., pluricolumnal, lateral view (H), columnal, articular face (J, K). Leszna Górna Quarry for H (Valanginian), Description. Cups are small, pentagonal in GIUS 8-3693Iin, Starý J (Paleocene), CGS MB38, and outline and display very short interradial proces- Olza River gorge for K (Berriasian/Valanginian), CGS ses that are triangular in outline. Radial articular MB15. I, L. Isocrinus cf. amblyscalaris (THURMANN , in facets are low and shallow with a flat triangular THURMANN & ÉTTALON ), pluricolumnal, lateral view (I), surface. Radial cavity is circular, moderately wide columnal, articular face (L). Leszna Górna Quarry (Va- and rather shallow. Cups are narrow at lower langinian). GIUS 8-3693Ica. M-N. Bourgueticrinina part, and gradually expanding up to radial facets. fam. and gen. indet., columnals, articular face (M) and Suture lines between radials are clearly visible. lateral view (N). Starý Jičín (Paleocene). CGS MB37. O- Q. Thiolliericrinidae gen. et sp. indet., columnals, arti- Facet to stem is small and pentagonal. cular face (O, P) and lateral view (Q). Wopienka Quarry Discussion. There are numerous phyllocrinid for O (Berriasian/Valanginian), CGS MB19, Dolní Líštná taxa in Jurassic and Cretaceous strata worldwide Quarry for P, (Berriasian/Valanginian), CGS MB22, and (for review see ZARĘCZNY , 1876; REMEŠ , 1905; Leszna Górna Quarry for Q (Tithonian/Berriasian), GIUS ARENDT , 1974; ŽÍTT , 1978a, 1978b, 1978c; PISERA 8-3693Th. R-S. Millericrinida indet., columnals, articu- lar faces. Leszna Górna Quarry for R (Tithonian/Berria- & DZIK , 1979; GŁUCHOWSKI , 1987; ZATOŃ et al. , sian), GIUS 8-3693Mi, and Wopienka Quarry for S (Ber- 2008; SALAMON & GORZELAK , 2010; HESS et al. , riasian/Valanginian), CGS MB20. T-U. Roveacrinida in- 2011; ZAMORA et al. , 2018). Some opinions sug- det., brachial. Bystřice nad Olší (Maastrichtian), CGS gest there are significant differences in the MB31. structure of phyllocrinid taxa ( e.g. , KONIECZYŃSKI Figure 3 : Crinoïdes post-paléozoïques des Carpathes et al. , 2016). On the other hand, MANNI et al. externes du Flysch de la République tchèque et de Polo- (1992) concluded that Phyllocrinus furcillatus gne. Barre d'échelle : 1 mm. A. Eugeniacrinites sp., SPENDEN includes closely related and morphologi- thèque, vue latérale. Carrière de Leszna Górna (Valan- ginien). GIUS 8-3693Es. B. Phyllocrinus sp., thèque, cally inseparable forms ( e.g. , Phyllocrinus belbe- vue latérale. Carrière de Leszna Górna (Valanginien). kensis ARENDT ; Phyllocrinus pieninensis GŁUCHOW - GIUS 8-3693Pm. C-D. Gammarocrinites sp., columna- SKI ; Phyllocrinus stellaris ZARĘCZNY ) that probably les, face articulaire (C) et vue latérale (D). Carrière de constitute a lineage. We agree, but decided to Leszna Górna (Valanginien). GIUS 8-3693Gs. E. Cyrto- classify our specimens as Phyllocrinus sp. due to crinida indet., thèque, vue latérale. Carrière de Leszna the small number of available individuals. Górna (Valanginien). GIUS 8-3693Ci. F-G. Hemicrinus tithonicus PISERA & DZIK , thèques, vues adorale (F) et Range in Outer Carpathians: Valanginian. aborale (G). Carrière de Leszna Górna (Valanginien). Family Sclerocrinidae JAEKEL , 1918 GIUS 8-3693Ht. H, J-K. Isocrinidae indet., pluricolum- nale, vue latérale (H), columnale, face articulaire (J, K). Genus Gammarocrinites Carrière de Leszna Górna pour H (Valanginien), GIUS 8- 3693Iin, Starý Jičín (Paléocène), CGS MB38, et talus de QUENSTEDT , 1858 la rivière Olza pour K (Berriasien/Valanginien), CGS Type species: Eugeniacrinites compressus MB15. I, L. Isocrinus cf. amblyscalaris (THURMANN , in GOLDFUSS , 1829 THURMANN & ÉTTALON ), pluricolumnale, vue latérale (I), columnale, face articulaire (L). Carrière de Leszna Gór- Gammarocrinites sp. na (Valanginien). GIUS 8-3693Ica. M-N. Bourgueticrini- na fam. et gen. indet., columnales, face articulaire (M) (Fig. 3.C-D) et vue latérale (N). Starý Jičín (Paléocène). CGS MB37. Material. Six columnals and seven brachial O-Q. Thiolliericrinidae gen. et sp. indet., columnales, plates; catalogue number: GIUS 8-3693Gs. face articulaire (O, P) et vue latérale (Q). Carrière de Wopienka pour O (Berriasien/Valanginien), CGS MB19, Description. Columnals are generally circular, carrière de Dolní Líštná pour P, (Berriasien/Valangi- with some barrel-shaped. Facet may be covered nien), CGS MB22, et carrière de Leszna Górna pour Q by as many as 14 long, thick crenulae. Latera co- (Valanginien), GIUS 8-3693Th. R-S. Millericrinida vered by large and circular tubercles, the latter indet., columnales, faces articulaires. Carrière de sometimes irregular. Lumen is rounded and mo- Leszna Górna pour R (Valanginien), GIUS 8-3693Mi, et derately large. Secundibrachials are low and joi- carrière de Wopienka pour S (Berriasien/Valanginien), CGS MB20. T-U. Roveacrinida indet., brachiale. Bystřice ned by muscular or syzygial articulation. Ambula- nad Olší (Maastrichtien), CGS MB31. cral grooves are deep and possess large facet for pinnules.

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Discussion. There are many reports mentio- de. All brachials with convex surface are of ning that cyrtocrinid elements covered with gra- muscular type. Columnals are stick-like or barrel- nules are classified as Eugeniacrinites , Sclerocri- shaped. Latera is smooth or granulated, and may nus or other ( cf. ARENDT , 1974; PISERA & DZIK , be straight or convex. Lumen is circular and ra- 1979; GŁUCHOWSKI , 1987; SALAMON & GORZELAK , ther small. 2010). Here, granulated elements are provisio- Range in Outer Carpathians: Tithonian-Valan- nally assigned to Gammarocrinites. In Gammaro- ginian, Eocene/Oligocene. crinites , granules appear to be larger than those of the other taxa mentioned above. Moreover, Order Millericrinida they cover both columnals and cup elements SIEVERTS -DORECK , 1952 (e.g. , GŁUCHOWSKI , 1987: Fig. 14/7, 8; HESS & Millericrinida indet. MESSING , 2011: Fig. 90/4). Range in Outer Carpathians: Valanginian. (Fig. 3.R-S) Genus Hemicrinus Material. 27 columnals; catalogue numbers: GIUS 8-3693Mi, GCS MB17, MB20, MB30. ORBIGNY , 1850, in 1850-1852 Description. Columnals are low and circular. Type species: Hemicrinus asterianus = Cyrto- Articular facet is covered by thick crenulae that crinus granulatus JAEKEL , 1891 are mainly short. Lumen is circular and large. La- Hemicrinus tithonicus tera is straight and smooth. PISERA & DZIK , 1979 For detailed discussion see SALAMON et al. (Fig. 3.F-G) (2020). Range in Outer Carpathians: Tithonian-Valan- 1979. Hemicrinus tithonicus - PISERA & DZIK , p. 815- 816, Fig. 6, Pl. 3, figs. 6-7. ginian. Material. Three cups; catalogue number: GIUS Order Comatulida A.H. CLARK , 1908 8-3693Ht. Suborder Comatulidina A.H. CLARK , 1908 Description. Cups are sub-pentagonal, low and moderately wide. Stem parts are well differentia- Superfamily Solanocrinitoidea ted from spoon elements. Spoon elements are JAEKEL , 1918 smooth. Radial facets are rather wide and equal in size. Radial aboral surface is crescentic and Family Thiolliericrinidae bears wide ligament fossae with small ligament A.H. CLARK , 1908 pit. Radial adoral surface is triangular and wider Thiolliericrinidae gen. et sp. indet. than the aboral one. It bears two small, circular muscular fossae, both separated by a radial groo- (Fig. 3.O-Q) ve. Both surfaces are separated by a transverse Material. 50 columnals; catalogue numbers: fulcral ridge. Central cavity is rather shallow. Su- GIUS 8-3693Th, CGS MB18, MB22, MB23. ture lines are visible. Facet to stem is concave. Description. Columnals are of varying size, Stem part is long and circular in outline. from 1.5 mm-diameter in small, low, discoidal For detailed discussion see PISERA & DZIK forms to 7 mm-diameter in large, tall types. Co- (1979), and MANNI et al. (1992). lumnals are barrel-shaped, sub-cylindrical or Range in Outer Carpathians: Valanginian. hourglass-shaped. Articular facet is circular or el- lipsoidal. Fulcral ridge is serrated in some colum- Cyrtocrinida indet. nals. Marginal ridge is twinned, with twins almost (Fig. 3.E) perpendicular to each other on both sides of co- Material. One partly preserved cup, several lumnal. Lumen is very small and circular. isolated cup remains, brachial plates, and colum- Discussion. KLIKUSHIN (1987) strived to attribu- nals visible on PS and in TS. All elements are mo- te isolated columnals to different thiollericrinid re or less abraded; catalogue number: GIUS 8- cups. He concluded that columnals of Loriolicrinus 3693Ci. asper KLIKUSHIN are low, parallel, hourglass-sha- Description. Only the lower part of the cup is ped, or oblique. Their latera could be smooth or preserved. It is slightly circular, with large, circu- tubercular. In another place he also stated that lar, rather shallow facet on stem. All radials the columnals of L. laevis KLIKUSHIN may be paral- assigned to Cyrtocrinida indet. are smooth and lel and not tall. Likewise concerning Umbocrinus compact. Their surface is covered by relatively umbonatus KLIKUSHIN with its low, parallel or obli- large pustules. Proximal facets are flat and small; que columnals that could be smooth or granula- distal facets have distinct muscular fields and ve- ted (for more details see KLIKUSHIN , 1987: p. 633- ry narrow aboral ligament area with a pronoun- 651). However, in our opinion, associating thiol- ced pit. First primibrachials are low. Second pri- liericrinid cups with isolated columnals is dubious, mibrachials are compact. Most of the secundibra- especially in levels containing cups assigned to chials are uniform in size, with convex aboral si- different taxa.

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Range in Outer Carpathians: Tithonian-Valan- parautochthonous element within an otherwise ginian. microfaunal assemblage. Suborder Bourgueticrinina Range in Outer Carpathians: Maastrichtian. SIEVERTS -DORECK , in UBAGHS , 1953 8. Conclusions Bourgueticrinina fam. and gen. indet. In the Czech sections of the Vendryně and (Fig. 3.M-N) Cieszyn formations (Outer Carpathians) of Titho- nian and Berriasian-Valanginian age, remains Material. Two columnals and one pluricolum- (cups, isolated cup remains, brachials, columnals, nal; catalogue numbers: GIUS 8-3693Th, CGS pluricolumnals, and holdfasts), not previously MB33, MB37. described, of isocrinids, cyrtocrinids, millericri- Description. Columnals are relatively high with nids, and thiolliericrinids were found. In Maas- elliptical ends constricted medially and have a ful- trichtian sediments isocrinids and roveacrinids cral ridge divided by a furrow; rhizocrinid pattern were documented. Paleocene to Oligocene strata is clearly visible. The lateral surface is smooth yielded isocrinids, bourgueticrinids and cyrtocri- and concave. The lumen is very small and circu- nids. Isocrinids, cyrtocrinids, millericrinids, and lar. thiolliericrinids were found in the only Polish loca- Range in Outer Carpathians: Paleocene, Eoce- tion where crinoids had not been characterised ne/Oligocene. before. The documented crinoid remains repre- sent a mixed assemblage of allochthonous and Order Roveacrinida parautochthonous elements. Jurassic and Cre- SIEVERTS -DORECK , 1952 taceous forms are equally common in deep- and shallow-water sediments, while cyrtocrinids and Family Roveacrinidae (PECK , 1943) GALE , isocrinids present in post-Mesozoic strata occur 2019 only in extremely shallow environments. Roveacrinidae gen. et sp. indet. Acknowledgments

(Fig. 3.T-U) The valuable assistance of Mateusz SYNCERZ Material. 1 brachial; catalogue number: CGS during field work is gratefully acknowledged. Re- MB31. viewers William I. AUSICH , Samuel ZAMORA , and journal Editor-in-Chief, Bruno GRANIER , substan- Description. Single brachial is identified as an tially improved the manuscript. Thanks are also isolated second primibrachial plate (IBr2), quite due to the "KOSBUD" Sp. z.o.o. Company that uniform in size and outer features, most likely made access to the Leszna Górna Quarry pos- belonging to an individual that was disarticulated sible. This research was partially supported finan- shortly after death. It is tall, elongate ('pin-like' cially by the Ministry of Science and Higher Edu- or stick-like), nearly cylindrical in section and ter- cation of Poland as part of the statutory activities minated by two slightly swollen, or bulbous, of the Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of ends. The outer surface appears nearly smooth Silesia, in Katowice and Faculty of Biology, Jagiel- but displays a feebly pitted random (reticulate?) lonian University, in Kraków (N18/DBS/000002). ornamentation on the plate body and a weak keel running along the radial edge. On their inner side Bibliographic references is a continuous, narrow, and faint shallow furrow (feeding groove) with rounded side edges. The AGASSIZ L. (1836).- Prodrome d'une monographie abradial extremity is cut obliquely to the plate des Radiaires ou Échinodermes.- Mémoires de length and bears a sloping crypto-synarthrial fa- la Société des Sciences Naturelles de Neuchâ- cet to the first secundibrachial. This proximal tel , vol. 1 (1835), p. 168-199. muscular facet is slightly rimmed. The adradial AMEZIANE N. & ROUX M. (1997).- Biodiversity and extremity is bulbous and bears two distal muscu- historical biogeography of stalked crinoids lar facets to the next distal first secundibrachial. (Echinodermata) in the deep sea.- Biodiversity These muscular facets are directed outward with and Conservation , London, vol. 6, p. 1557- strong relief, marked ligament fossa and axial ca- 1570. nal, and pronounced ligament fossae. The muscle ARENDT Y.A. (1974).- Sea-lilies Cyrtocrinids.- Tru- fossae display outer narrow processes. dy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta , Moskow, 250 p. [in Russian]. Discussion. All described morphological featu- AUSICH W.I., DONOVAN S.K., HESS H. & SIMMS M.J. res recall the subfamily Roveacrininae or an early (1999).- Fossil occurrence. In : HESS H., AUSICH ALE relative of the subfamily Hessicrininae (see G , W.I., BRETT C.E. & SIMMS M.J. (eds.), Fossil cri- 2019). Such roveacrinoidal plates usually occur noids.- Cambridge University Press, p. 41-49. either in quite large number in marker beds or BAUMILLER T.K. & GAŹDZICKI A. (1996).- New cri- rarely as scattered elements (current transport, noids from the Eocene La Meseta Formation of bioturbation). The plate at hand suggests some Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula.- Acta Pa- scattering during transport and/or current winno- laeontologica Polonica , Varszawa, vol. 55, p. wing. In any event, this is an allochthonous or a

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