NSAC Subcommittee on Isotopes Charge 1
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Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Physics Overview One of the enduring mysteries of the universe is the nature of matter—what are its basic constituents and how do they interact to form the properties we observe? The largest contribution by far to the mass of the visible matter we are familiar with comes from protons and heavier nuclei. The mission of the Nuclear Physics (NP) program is to discover, explore, and understand all forms of nuclear matter. Although the fundamental particles that compose nuclear matter—quarks and gluons—are themselves relatively well understood, exactly how they interact and combine to form the different types of matter observed in the universe today and during its evolution remains largely unknown. Nuclear physicists seek to understand not just the familiar forms of matter we see around us, but also exotic forms such as those that existed in the first moments after the Big Bang and that exist today inside neutron stars, and to understand why matter takes on the specific forms now observed in nature. Nuclear physics addresses three broad, yet tightly interrelated, scientific thrusts: Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD); Nuclei and Nuclear Astrophysics; and Fundamental Symmetries: . QCD seeks to develop a complete understanding of how the fundamental particles that compose nuclear matter, the quarks and gluons, assemble themselves into composite nuclear particles such as protons and neutrons, how nuclear forces arise between these composite particles that lead to nuclei, and how novel forms of bulk, strongly interacting matter behave, such as the quark-gluon plasma that formed in the early universe. Nuclei and Nuclear Astrophysics seeks to understand how protons and neutrons combine to form atomic nuclei, including some now being observed for the first time, and how these nuclei have arisen during the 13.8 billion years since the birth of the cosmos. -
Henry Primakoff Lecture: Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay
Henry Primakoff Lecture: Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay CENPA J.F. Wilkerson Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics University of Washington April APS Meeting 2007 Renewed Impetus for 0νββ The recent discoveries of atmospheric, solar, and reactor neutrino oscillations and the corresponding realization that neutrinos are not massless particles, provides compelling arguments for performing neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) experiments with increased sensitivity. 0νββ decay probes fundamental questions: • Tests one of nature's fundamental symmetries, Lepton number conservation. • The only practical technique able to determine if neutrinos might be their own anti-particles — Majorana particles. • If 0νββ is observed: • Provides a promising laboratory method for determining the overall absolute neutrino mass scale that is complementary to other measurement techniques. • Measurements in a series of different isotopes potentially can reveal the underlying interaction process(es). J.F. Wilkerson Primakoff Lecture: Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay April APS Meeting 2007 Double-Beta Decay In a number of even-even nuclei, β-decay is energetically forbidden, while double-beta decay, from a nucleus of (A,Z) to (A,Z+2), is energetically allowed. A, Z-1 A, Z+1 0+ A, Z+3 A, Z ββ 0+ A, Z+2 J.F. Wilkerson Primakoff Lecture: Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay April APS Meeting 2007 Double-Beta Decay In a number of even-even nuclei, β-decay is energetically forbidden, while double-beta decay, from a nucleus of (A,Z) to (A,Z+2), is energetically allowed. 2- 76As 0+ 76 Ge 0+ ββ 2+ Q=2039 keV 0+ 76Se 48Ca, 76Ge, 82Se, 96Zr 100Mo, 116Cd 128Te, 130Te, 136Xe, 150Nd J.F. -
A Measurement of the 2 Neutrino Double Beta Decay Rate of 130Te in the CUORICINO Experiment by Laura Katherine Kogler
A measurement of the 2 neutrino double beta decay rate of 130Te in the CUORICINO experiment by Laura Katherine Kogler A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Stuart J. Freedman, Chair Professor Yury G. Kolomensky Professor Eric B. Norman Fall 2011 A measurement of the 2 neutrino double beta decay rate of 130Te in the CUORICINO experiment Copyright 2011 by Laura Katherine Kogler 1 Abstract A measurement of the 2 neutrino double beta decay rate of 130Te in the CUORICINO experiment by Laura Katherine Kogler Doctor of Philosophy in Physics University of California, Berkeley Professor Stuart J. Freedman, Chair CUORICINO was a cryogenic bolometer experiment designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay and other rare processes, including double beta decay with two neutrinos (2νββ). The experiment was located at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and ran for a period of about 5 years, from 2003 to 2008. The detector consisted of an array of 62 TeO2 crystals arranged in a tower and operated at a temperature of ∼10 mK. Events depositing energy in the detectors, such as radioactive decays or impinging particles, produced thermal pulses in the crystals which were read out using sensitive thermistors. The experiment included 4 enriched crystals, 2 enriched with 130Te and 2 with 128Te, in order to aid in the measurement of the 2νββ rate. The enriched crystals contained a total of ∼350 g 130Te. The 128-enriched (130-depleted) crystals were used as background monitors, so that the shared backgrounds could be subtracted from the energy spectrum of the 130- enriched crystals. -
Three HALO Trust Workers Killed in Artsakh
APRIL 7, 2018 Mirror-SpeTHE ARMENIAN ctator Volume LXXXVIII, NO. 37, Issue 4532 $ 2.00 NEWS The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Since 1932 INBRIEF Sargsyan Privatizes Three HALO Trust Workers Killed in Artsakh Official Residence STEPANAKERT — Three local employees According to a state- YEREVAN (RFE/RL) — In a move condemned by of the HALO Trust, an organization tasked ment from HALO, the opposition, the Armenian government has with demining land in Artsakh, were killed “We are working granted the outgoing President Serzh Sargsyan by an explosion of an anti-tank landmine in closely with the local ownership of a mansion in Yerevan where he and Ghazanchi on March 29. police and authorities his predecessors have lived while in office. Two others were seriously injured. and have called in The government formally approved the free pri- Those killed were Pavel Akopov, Samson external investigators vatization of the property and specified its address Avanessian and Marat Petrossian. They to report on the full on March 29. A senior official from the presidential were in a vehicle conducting minefield sur- facts of the incident.” staff, Varuzh Grigorian, confirmed on Monday, vey duties at the time. James Cowan, April 2, that it is the very house where Sargsyan Doctors continue fighting for the lives of HALO’s CEO said: has lived in with his family since becoming presi- Aram Mkrtchyan and Garik Ghahriyan, the “Every day around the dent 10 years ago. two survivors of the blast. Both underwent world, more than The house is part of a secluded government com- serious surgeries. -
![Arxiv:1901.01410V3 [Astro-Ph.HE] 1 Feb 2021 Mental Information Is Available, and One Has to Rely Strongly on Theoretical Predictions for Nuclear Properties](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/8159/arxiv-1901-01410v3-astro-ph-he-1-feb-2021-mental-information-is-available-and-one-has-to-rely-strongly-on-theoretical-predictions-for-nuclear-properties-508159.webp)
Arxiv:1901.01410V3 [Astro-Ph.HE] 1 Feb 2021 Mental Information Is Available, and One Has to Rely Strongly on Theoretical Predictions for Nuclear Properties
Origin of the heaviest elements: The rapid neutron-capture process John J. Cowan∗ HLD Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, 440 W. Brooks St., Norman, OK 73019, USA Christopher Snedeny Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, 2515 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA James E. Lawlerz Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706-1390, USA Ani Aprahamianx and Michael Wiescher{ Department of Physics and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA Karlheinz Langanke∗∗ GSI Helmholtzzentrum f¨urSchwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut f¨urKernphysik (Theoriezentrum), Fachbereich Physik, Technische Universit¨atDarmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 2, 64298 Darmstadt, Germany Gabriel Mart´ınez-Pinedoyy GSI Helmholtzzentrum f¨urSchwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; Institut f¨urKernphysik (Theoriezentrum), Fachbereich Physik, Technische Universit¨atDarmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 2, 64298 Darmstadt, Germany; and Helmholtz Forschungsakademie Hessen f¨urFAIR, GSI Helmholtzzentrum f¨urSchwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany Friedrich-Karl Thielemannzz Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland and GSI Helmholtzzentrum f¨urSchwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany (Dated: February 2, 2021) The production of about half of the heavy elements found in nature is assigned to a spe- cific astrophysical nucleosynthesis process: the rapid neutron capture process (r-process). Although this idea has been postulated more than six decades ago, the full understand- ing faces two types of uncertainties/open questions: (a) The nucleosynthesis path in the nuclear chart runs close to the neutron-drip line, where presently only limited experi- arXiv:1901.01410v3 [astro-ph.HE] 1 Feb 2021 mental information is available, and one has to rely strongly on theoretical predictions for nuclear properties. -
UPDATE Tle with Cancer, with His Wife, Isabella of the Armenian National Committee of America
MAY 2, 2020 Mirror-SpeTHE ARMENIAN ctator Volume LXXXX, NO. 41, Issue 4634 $ 2.00 NEWS The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Since 1932 IN BRIEF Trump Again Refrains From Saying ‘Genocide’ WASHINGTON (RFE/RL) — In contrast with landmark resolutions adopted by the US Congress late last year, President Donald Trump again declined on April 24 to describe the 1915 mass killings of Armenians in Ottoman Turkey as genocide. Just like his predecessors, Trump continued to use instead the Armenian phrase “Meds Yeghern” (Great Crime) in a statement on the 105th anniversary of the genocide. “Today, we join the global community in memorializing the lives lost during the Meds Yeghern, one of the worst mass atrocities of the 20th century,” read the statement. “Beginning in 1915, 1 and a half million Armenians were deported, massacred, ARMENIA MARKS GENOCIDE ANNIVERSARY YEREVAN (RFE/RL) — Armenia’s leaders laid flowers at the Tsitsernakabert memo- or marched to their rial in Yerevan on April 24 during official commemorations of the 105th anniversary of the Armenian genocide in Ottoman Turkey which were deaths in the final scaled back due to the coronavirus pandemic. (See Anniversary, page 2) years of the Ottoman Empire.” “On this day of IMF Plans $280 Million Appreciation: remembrance, we pay respect to those who suffered and lost their In Emergency Funding Ambassador Shougarian’s Deep lives, while also renewing our commitment to fos- tering a more humane and peaceful world,” it For Armenia said, praising the “strength and resiliency of the Armenian people in the face of tragedy.” YEREVAN (RFE/RL) — The Impression on US, Armenia Trump has previously issued virtually identical International Monetary Fund will likely dis- statements on what the White House calls burse next month $280 million in emer- By BOSTON — Rouben Shougarian, who in 1993 became newly Armenian Remembrance Day marked on April 24. -
Radiotélescopes Seek Cosmic Rays
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS CERN COURIER Radiotélescopes seek cosmic rays COMPUTING MEDICAL IMAGING NUCLEAR MASSES Information technology and Spin-off from particle physics Precision measurements from physics advance together pl6 wins awards p23 accelerator experiments p26 Multichannel GS/s data acquisition systems used For more information, to be expensive. They also would fill up entire visit our Web site at www.acqiris.com instrument racks with power-hungry electronics. But no more. We have shrunk the size, lowered 1)Rackmount kit available the cost, reduced the power consumption and incorporated exceptional features such as clock synchronization and complete trigger distribution.1) A single crate (no bigger than a desktop PC) can house up to 24 channels at 500MS/S or 1 GS/s when deploying an embedded processor, or up to 28 channels (14 at 2GS/s) using a PCI interface. CONTENTS Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to Member State governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly except January and August, in English and French editions. The views expressed are not CERN necessarily those of the CERN management. Editor: Gordon Fraser CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail [email protected] Fax +41 (22) 782 1906 Web http://www.cerncourier.com News editor: James Gillies COURIER VOLUME 41 NUMBER 3 APRIL 2001 Advisory Board: R Landua (Chairman), F Close, E Lillest0l, H Hoffmann, C Johnson, -
Double-Beta Decay from First Principles
Double-Beta Decay from First Principles J. Engel April 23, 2020 Goal is set of matrix elements with real error bars by May, 2021 DBD Topical Theory Collaboration Lattice QCD Data Chiral EFT Similarity Renormalization Group Ab-Initio Many-Body Methods Harmonic No-Core Quantum Oscillator Basis Shell Model Monte Carlo Effective Theory Light Nuclei (benchmarking) DFT-Inspired Coupled Multi-reference In-Medium SRG Clusters In-Medium SRG for Shell Model Heavy Nuclei DFT Statistical Model Averaging (for EDMs) Shell Model Goal is set of matrix elements with real error bars by May, 2021 DBD Topical Theory Collaboration Haxton HOBET Walker-Loud McIlvain LQCD Brantley Monge- Johnson Camacho Ramsey- SM Musolf Horoi Engel EFT SM Cirigliano Nicholson Mereghetti "DFT" EFT LQCD QMC Carlson Jiao Quaglioni Vary SRG NC-SM Yao Papenbrock LQCD = Latice QCD Hagen EFT = Effective Field Theory Bogner QMC = Quantum Monte Carlo Morris Hergert DFT = Densty Functional Theory Sun Nazarewicz Novario SRG = Similarity Renormilazation Group More IM-SRG IM-SRG = In-Medium SRG Coupled Clusters DFT HOBET = Harmonic-Oscillator-Based Statistics Effective Theory NC-SM = No-Core Shell Model SM = Shell Model DBD Topical Theory Collaboration Haxton HOBET Walker-Loud McIlvain LQCD Brantley Monge- Johnson Camacho Ramsey- SM Musolf Horoi Engel EFT SM Cirigliano Nicholson Mereghetti "DFT" EFT LQCD QMC Carlson Jiao Quaglioni Vary Goal is set of matrixSRG elementsNC-SM with Yao real error bars by May, 2021 Papenbrock LQCD = Latice QCD Hagen EFT = Effective Field Theory Bogner QMC = Quantum Monte Carlo Morris Hergert DFT = Densty Functional Theory Sun Nazarewicz Novario SRG = Similarity Renormilazation Group More IM-SRG IM-SRG = In-Medium SRG Coupled Clusters DFT HOBET = Harmonic-Oscillator-Based Statistics Effective Theory NC-SM = No-Core Shell Model SM = Shell Model Part 0 0νββ Decay and neutrinos are their own antiparticles.. -
Ani Aprahamian Is a Frank M. Freimann Chair Professor of Physics at the University of Notre Dame
Ani Aprahamian is a Frank M. Freimann chair professor of Physics at the University of Notre Dame. She is an experimental nuclear physicist interested in the origins of the heavy elements in the universe and the structure of neutron rich nuclei far from stability. Outside of her research, she has strong interests in the applications of nuclear science to energy and medicine. She is the present chair of the American Physical Society’s Division of Nuclear Physics and a member of the APS Policy Committee. She is also on the advisory board of “Physics Today”. She is a member of the FRIB Science Advisory Committee, JINA (Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics) executive committee, and the scientific council of EMMI (ExtreMe Matter Institute) Helmholtz alliance at GSI. She has chaired various APS and DNP committees including the Bonner Prize, Hans Bethe Prize, Mentoring, Fellowship, Program, and the Committee on Informing the Public amongst others. She has formerly served on various committees of the National Science Academies, most recently, as co-chair of the Academies decadal review of nuclear physics (NP2010) released in 2012. She is a fellow of the APS (1999), and the AAAS (2008). She is an elected foreign member of the science academy of the republic of Armenia. She is a member of the national physics honor society of Sigma Pi Sigma, and the American Chemical Society’s Division of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology. She has mentored 17 graduate students and 10 postdoctoral fellows. To date, she has published over 150 peer-reviewed papers and given over 200 invited addresses at national and international conferences. -
Ani Aprahamian Frank M
2/22/18 AAni Aprahamian Frank M. Freimann Professor of Physics Department of Physics University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 Telephone: 574 631-8120 Fax: 574 631-5952 [email protected] Education Ph.D. Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 1986 B.A. Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 1980 Experience (recent) 2017 Physical and Life Sciences External Review, LLNL NSF panel, NNSA centers of excellence panel 2016-2017 Vice-Chair of National Academies Committee on the “Science of the EIC” 2016 Chair of External Review of Physics Department, IU Bloomington 2016 External Review of Physics Department, Texas A&M University 2015-present U.S. Liaison for the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) Commission on Nuclear Science (C-12) 2015-present Member of IUPAP Working Group-10 on Astro-Particle Physics (APpic) 2014 Chair of American Institute of Physics, “Physics Today” Advisory Board 2014 Chair of the APS Division of Nuclear Physics 2014 Member of Nuclear Science Advisory Committee 2010 Vice-Chair of National Academies Decadal Survey of Nuclear Physics (NP2010) 2010-2015 Member of Board of Directors for South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (Sanford Underground Laboratory) 2008-2010 Co-Chair of NSAC subcommittee on Isotope Production and Applications 2006-2010 Chair of Scientific Council of GANIL (Caen, France) 2006-2008 Program Director for Nuclear Physics and Particle & Nuclear Astrophysics at the National Science Foundation 1 2/22/18 Honors, Awards, and Professional Memberships Elected as secretary -
Constraining Nuclear Matrix Elements in Double Beta Decay
Constraining Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Matrix Elements using Transfer Reactions Sean J Freeman Review what we know about the nuclear physics influence on neutrinoless double beta decay. Results of an experimental programme to help address the issue of the nuclear matrix elements. Stick to one-nucleon transfer measurements. What is double beta decay? Two neutrons, bound in the ground state of an even-even nucleus, transform into two bound protons, typically in the ground state of a final nucleus. Observation of rare decays is only possibly when other radioactive processes don’t occur… a situation that often arises naturally, usually thanks to pairing. Accompanied with emission of: • Two electrons and two neutrinos (2νββ) observed in 10 species since 1987. • Two electrons only (0νββ) for which a convincing observation remains to be made. [ Sometimes to excited bound states; sometimes protons to neutrons with two positrons; positron and an electron capture; perhaps resonant double electron capture. ] Double beta decay with neutrinos: p 2νββ p u d d e– e– d d u • simultaneous ordinary beta decay. • lepton number conserved and SM allowed. 19- – – • observed in around 10 nuclei with T1/2≈10 W W 21 years. u d u u d u n n A-2 Double beta decay without neutrinos: p 0νββ p Time • lepton number violated and SM forbidden. u d d e– e– d d u 24-25 • no observations, T1/2 limits are 10 years. • simplest mechanism: exchange of a light massive Majorana neutrino W– W– i.e. neutrino and antineutrino are identical. u d u u d u Other proposed mechanisms, but all imply massive n n A-2 Majorana neutrino via Schechter-Valle theorem. -
SCIENCE VISION of the NUCLEAR and CHEMICAL SCIENCES DIVISION CONTENTS
SCIENCE VISIONof the NUCLEAR and CHEMICAL SCIENCES DIVISION Sciences& Sciences& Sciences& SCIENCE VISION of the NUCLEAR and CHEMICAL SCIENCES DIVISION CONTENTS Our Mission 6 Introduction 9 Physics at the Frontiers 10 Structure and Reactions of Nuclei 18 at the Limits of Stability Radiochemistry 25 Analytical and Forensic Science 30 Nuclear Detection Technology 37 and Algorithms Acronyms 40 Contact 42 “The history of science has proved that fundamental research is the lifeblood of individual progress and that ideas that lead to spectacular advances spring from it. ” — Sir Edward Appleton English Physicist, 1812–1965 4 | | 5 Our Mission ON THE FRONTIER OF PARTICLE PHYSICS, NUCLEAR PHYSICS, AND CHEMISTRY The Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division advances scientific understanding, Our Mission capabilities, and technologies in nuclear and particle physics, radiochemistry, forensic science, and isotopic signatures to support the science and national security missions of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. 6 | Introduction As a discipline organization at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), the Nuclear and Chemical Sciences (NACS) Division provides scientific expertise in the nuclear, chemical, and isotopic sciences to ensure the success of the Laboratory’s national security missions. The NACS Division contributes to the Laboratory’s programs through its advanced scientific methods, capabilities, and expertise; thus, discovery science research constitutes the foundation on which we meet the challenges facing Introduction our national security programs. It also serves as a principal recruitment pipeline for the Laboratory and as our primary connection to the external scientific community. This document outlines our vision and technical emphases on five key areas of research in the NACS Division—physics at the frontiers, structure and reactions of nuclei at the limits of stability, radiochemistry, analytical and forensic science, and nuclear detection technology and algorithms.