DOCSLIB.ORG

(Semnopithecus Ajax) in Bhaderwah, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Little Is Known of Their Home Range and Habitat Juveniles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Semnopithecus Ajax) in Bhaderwah, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Little Is Known of Their Home Range and Habitat Juveniles JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH Journal homepage: www.jakraya.com/journal/jwr ORIGINAL ARTICLE Distribution of Endangered Kashmir Gray Langur (Semnopithecus ajax ) in Bhaderwah, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Neeraj Sharma and Muzaffar Ahmed Institute of Mountain Environment, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Abstract The present communication deals with the extent of distribution of Kashmir gray langur ( Semnopithecus ajax ) in upper Bhaderwah along an *Corresponding Author: elevational range of 2635 m to 3228 m based on the preliminary surveys Neeraj Sharma conducted during the years 2014 and 2015. Ten troops of 142 individuals numbering 3-27 each were encountered in temperate and sub-alpine forests Email: [email protected] and rangeland interfaces in the upper reaches of Bhaderwah covering an area of 21 km 2. The frequency of sightings increased with rising elevation Received: 08/01/2017 and dwindling conflicts. The study demands intensive investigations on Accepted: 17/02/2017 population ecology and behaviour of the primate in this part of north western Himalayas. Keywords: Himalayan gray langur, Niru range, Anthropogenic stressors, Forest-rangeland interfaces, Dwindling conflicts. 1. Introduction primate, distributed in small pockets along some parts India is known to harbor about 15 species and of Pakistan, Nepal and India (Minhas et al., 2010). In 39 subspecies of non human primates distributed all the northern end of Western Himalayas, the species over, from Himalayan temperate forests in the north to exhibits a wide distribution range from Uttarakhand to tropical forests in the south (Mir et al ., 2015). Langurs Kashmir (Pakistan) (Groves, 2001). In India, it is are versatile primates and occupy an important position restricted to the states of Jammu and Kashmir, in the food chains in many Indian forest ecosystems. Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand (Roberts, 1997; Gray langurs, the most widespread langurs in the Walker and Molur, 2004). In Himachal Pradesh, the Indian subcontinent, are a group of old world monkeys species is found in Great Himalayan National Park constituting the entirety of the genus Semnopithecus. Kallatop-Khajjiar and Manali Wildlife Sanctuaries, All taxa had traditionally been placed in the single while in Jammu and Kashmir its presence has been species Semnopithecus entellus . In the year 2001, recorded from Dachigam National Park (Mir et al., however it was recommended that several distinctive 2015), Wadwan area of Kishtwar National Park former sub-species should be given species status. (Brandon-Jones, 2004) and presumingly the Vaishno Groves (2005) recognizes seven species which include; Devi hills (Anonymous, 2011). Further west, the S. ajax (Kashmir gray langur), S. dussumieri (Southern species has been reported from Maneshra, Palas plains gray langur), S. entellus (Northern plains gray Kohistan, Bankad, Dubair and Pattan (Roberts, 1997), langur), S. hector (Terai gray langur), S. hypoleucos Neelum and Jhelum Valleys, Hillian and Phalla game (Black-footed or South-western gray langur), S. priam reserves, Bagh (Ahmed et al., 1999; Iftikhar, 2006) and (Tufted or South-eastern gray langur) and S. Machiara National Park Azad Kashmir, Pakistan schistaceus (Himalayan or Nepal gray langur). (Groves, 2001; Minhas et al., 2012, 2013; Mir et al., The least known of all langurs, Kashmir gray 2015). Gray langurs are mainly folivorous, but also langur (Pocock, 1928), fondly described as a consume fruits, flowers, bark, leaf buds, seeds, ‘handsome langur’ inhabits the steep, rugged and agricultural crops and other distasteful vegetation unscrupulous mountains of western Himalayas. With usually avoided by other animals (Minhas et al., 2010; agricultural expansion and developmental activities Mir et al., 2015). A multi-male, multi-female type being the foremost threats to its survival, this species is social organization is typical of Himalayan Langurs. S. placed in the endangered category of the IUCN red list, ajax typically lives in groups of 25-40. The terrain and with previously being considered as critically shy nature of these langurs does not allow for an endangered (IUCN, 2012). It is an old world leaf eating absolute group count or population census and thus a Journal of Wildlife Research | January-March, 2017 | Vol 5 | Issue 1 | Pages 01-05 © 2017 Jakraya Sharma and Ahmed… Distribution of Endangered Kashmir Gray Langur (Semnopithecus ajax) in Bhaderwah, Jammu and Kashmir, India. little is known of their home range and habitat juveniles. Same year in August, we walked another preference (Anandam et al., 2014). track west-northwards of Bhaderwah. A large group of Upper Bhaderwah is characterized by intact 23 individuals was noticed near Hayan at 2635 m on stands of pure and mixed conifers viz., Deodar- August 26, 2014. Most of the troop was engaged in Bluepine at lower elevations (2100 m to 2600 m) taken foraging, few grooming while the juveniles were seen over by Fir and Spruce slightly above 2600 m playing (Fig 1c). The sighting frequency of the interspersed with scattered Himalayan yew patches. primates increased as we moved towards higher slopes The Kharsu -Oak and Birch forest above 2800 m marks with changing landscapes from mixed conifers to the tree line culminating to vast meadows through the gregarious oak patches ending up in rangelands and rhododendron-juniper scrub. These forests are home to rocky outcrops above. Another big troop of 27 many large mammals like common leopard, black bear, individuals was seen near Ramtund at an elevation of Himalayan fox, wolf and rhesus macaque besides the 3147 m, the very next day. The site is characterized by magnificent Kashmir Gray Langur. typical Kharsu -oak tree line merging with undulating grassy slopes near Seoj Dhar. The troop comprising the 2. Materials and Methods adults, mostly females was resting and abruptly started While conducting the routine floral and avian moving downwards smelling our presence. surveys in Niru range of Bhaderwah forest division, we The pure Kharsu -Oak forest overlooking Seoj noticed a small group of Kashmir gray langurs Dhar, locally known as Kala Ban (Dark forest) owing descending the slope near Chattergalla during June to its dense canopy is a rich habitat of Kashmir gray 2014. Subsequently, we conducted the organized langurs. We noticed three medium troops of 13, 18 and surveys during twelve field trips of varying days in 9 individuals in an elevational range of 3172 m to 3228 different seasons covering an approximate area of 21 m on August 29 and 30, 2014 (Table 1). Most of the km 2 located at 32 049 ′22 ″ to 32 056 ′25 ″ N and 75 045 ′32 ″ individuals were observed foraging at ground and to 75 051 ′35 ″ E in an elevational range of 2635 m to along forest edges, while few grooming and others 3228 m in the forest compartments 20, 21, 29, 34, 39, moving through the slope. The troops mostly 40, 41, 42, 44 and 49 of Niru forest range (Map 1). A comprised of the adults and few sub-adults. No total of 21 transects of 1-3 km mean length were laid juveniles were however sighted. Next summers, we to collect the information about the number and scanned other watersheds east and farther southwards. behaviour of langurs encountered in width of 20 meters On September 27, 2015, a group of 3 adult individuals on either sides of the transect. Observations were made (one male and 2 female) were seen foraging on ground by moving along transects mostly the bridal paths and away from Fir-Spruce forest edge at an elevation of scanning the surrounding area thoroughly. Most of the 3054 m near Gur-danda. We revisited sites 4 and 5 near transects were visited twice during late morning and Chattergalla close to site-6 but could not spot any troop evening hours. / individual. During our visit to Jai-Rajpura, the eastern extent of Bhaderwah bordering Bhalessa on February 3. Observations/Results 03, 2015, we spotted another group of 15 adult and During the study period we encountered a total sub-adult langurs mostly foraging on grassy slopes of 142 individuals, numbering 3 to 27 distributed in ten with recently melted snow, while sub-adults and troops in different forest stands of Niru range juveniles were seen playing besides the parents (Fig (compartments 20, 21, 29, 34, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44 and 1b). 49) of Bhaderwah forest division (Table 1). Their presence was mostly restricted to the interfaces 4. Discussion between forests, blanks and rangelands. On June 23, Groves (2001) first reported the distribution of 2014 we noticed a small troop of 8 adult gray langurs Kashmir gray langur in Kashmir while Brandon-Jones (two males and six females) descending a steep slope (2004) established its presence in Kishtwar National in a thick deodar-bluepine forest stand at 3063 m near Park not far off from the present study area. Mir et al. Chattergalla (Fig 1a). Encouraged by the sighting, we (2015) conducted intensive investigations on seasonal conducted organized surveys and luckily encountered population density of the species in Dachigam National another group of 19 individuals the very next day at a Park, Kashmir. The current survey established the slightly higher elevation of 3182 m along Kharsu Oak- presence of the species distributed in an elevational Birch tree line. We noticed an aggressive downward range of 2635 m to 3228 m in the upper reaches of movement with loud distress calls probably on being Bhaderwah. The number of sightings increased with noticed by us. The group comprised of 13 adults and 6 the rising elevation and maximum sightings were - Journal of Wildlife Research | January-March, 2017 | Vol 5 | Issue 1 | Pages 01-05 © 2017 Jakraya 2 Sharma and Ahmed… Distribution of Endangered Kashmir Gray Langur (Semnopithecus ajax) in Bhaderwah, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Fig 1: Kashmir gray langur Semnopithecus ajax a) Adult male b) Adult male and female, and c) Juvenile in its natural habitats in upper Bhaderwah Map 1: False Colour Composite of the study area - a part of Niru range of Bhaderwah forest division showing the location of Kashmir gray Langur.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Keshav Ravi by Keshav Ravi
    by Keshav Ravi by Keshav Ravi Preface About the Author In the whole world, there are more than 30,000 species Keshav Ravi is a caring and compassionate third grader threatened with extinction today. One prominent way to who has been fascinated by nature throughout his raise awareness as to the plight of these animals is, of childhood. Keshav is a prolific reader and writer of course, education. nonfiction and is always eager to share what he has learned with others. I have always been interested in wildlife, from extinct dinosaurs to the lemurs of Madagascar. At my ninth Outside of his family, Keshav is thrilled to have birthday, one personal writing project I had going was on the support of invested animal advocates, such as endangered wildlife, and I had chosen to focus on India, Carole Hyde and Leonor Delgado, at the Palo Alto the country where I had spent a few summers, away from Humane Society. my home in California. Keshav also wishes to thank Ernest P. Walker’s Just as I began to explore the International Union for encyclopedia (Walker et al. 1975) Mammals of the World Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List species for for inspiration and the many Indian wildlife scientists India, I realized quickly that the severity of threat to a and photographers whose efforts have made this variety of species was immense. It was humbling to then work possible. realize that I would have to narrow my focus further down to a subset of species—and that brought me to this book on the Endangered Mammals of India.
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area Cggk"0F{ ;+/If0f If]Qsf :Tgwf/L Jgohgt' Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area - 2019
    Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf :tgwf/L jGohGt' Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area - 2019 ISBN 978-9937-8522-8-9978-9937-8522-8-9 9 789937 852289 National Trust for Nature Conservation Annapurna Conservation Area Project Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal Hariyo Kharka, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal National Trust for Nature Conservation P.O. Box: 3712, Kathmandu, Nepal P.O. Box: 183, Kaski, Nepal Tel: +977-1-5526571, 5526573, Fax: +977-1-5526570 Tel: +977-61-431102, 430802, Fax: +977-61-431203 Annapurna Conservation Area Project Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.ntnc.org.np Website: www.ntnc.org.np 2019 Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf :tgwf/L jGohGt' National Trust for Nature Conservation Annapurna Conservation Area Project 2019 Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf :tgwf/L jGohGt' Published by © NTNC-ACAP, 2019 All rights reserved Any reproduction in full or in part must mention the title and credit NTNC-ACAP. Reviewers Prof. Karan Bahadur Shah (Himalayan Nature), Dr. Naresh Subedi (NTNC, Khumaltar), Dr. Will Duckworth (IUCN) and Yadav Ghimirey (Friends of Nature, Nepal). Compilers Rishi Baral, Ashok Subedi and Shailendra Kumar Yadav Suggested Citation Baral R., Subedi A. & Yadav S.K. (Compilers), 2019. Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area. National Trust for Nature Conservation, Annapurna Conservation Area Project, Pokhara, Nepal. First Edition : 700 Copies ISBN : 978-9937-8522-8-9 Front Cover : Yellow-bellied Weasel (Mustela kathiah), back cover: Orange- bellied Himalayan Squirrel (Dremomys lokriah).
    [Show full text]
  • Nonhuman Primates
    Zoological Studies 42(1): 93-105 (2003) Dental Variation among Asian Colobines (Nonhuman Primates): Phylogenetic Similarities or Functional Correspondence? Ruliang Pan1,2,* and Charles Oxnard1 1School of Anatomy and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia 2Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China (Accepted August 27, 2002) Ruliang Pan and Charles Oxnard (2003) Dental variation among Asian colobines (nonhuman primates): phy- logenetic similarities or functional correspondence? Zoological Studies 42(1): 93-105. In order to reveal varia- tions among Asian colobines and to test whether the resemblance in dental structure among them is mainly associated with similarities in phylogeny or functional adaptation, teeth of 184 specimens from 15 Asian colobine species were measured and studied by performing bivariate (allometry) and multivariate (principal components) analyses. Results indicate that each tooth shows a significant close relationship with body size. Low negative and positive allometric scales for incisors and molars (M2s and M3s), respectively, are each con- sidered to be related to special dental modifications for folivorous preference of colobines. Sexual dimorphism in canine eruption reported by Harvati (2000) is further considered to be associated with differences in growth trajectories (allometric pattern) between the 2 sexes. The relationships among the 6 genera of Asian colobines found greatly differ from those proposed in other studies. Four groups were detected: 1) Rhinopithecus, 2) Semnopithecus, 3) Trachypithecus, and 4) Nasalis, Pygathrix, and Presbytis. These separations were mainly determined by differences in molar structure. Molar sizes of the former 2 groups are larger than those of the latter 2 groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Interim Report
    Interim Report Distribution, ecology and habitat use of the Himalayan gray langur Semnopithecus ajax in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Background Himalayan gray langur, Semnopithecus ajax, is considered endangered due to its endemicity to Himalayan region and its declining population size (Groves and Molur, 2008). This primate was formerly considered a subspecies of Semnopithecus entellus (Brandon-Jones 2004, Brandon-Jones and others 2004; and Napier 1985). However, recent studies confirm its status as a species, Semnopithecus ajax (Groves 2001; Ashalakshmi 2015). Due to pre- existing confusion in taxonomy, its current distribution and conservation status are poorly understood. An assessment of (1) geographical distribution and population status, (2) conservation status, and (3) habitat use and feeding ecology are the need of the hour to develop conservation action plans for this species, across its natural range. The very first sighting record of this species was likely from Sikkim at 2700m in 1855 (Hooker 1855). Later it has been recorded in various other parts of Himalayas, e.g., in Nepal (Bishop 1975), Himachal Pradesh (Sugiyama 1976), Pakistan (Roberts 1997) and Kashmir (Lawrence 1895; Brandon-Jones 2004; Molur 2008). In this study, I propose to assess the geographical distribution, status, habitat use and feeding ecology of Himalayan gray langur in Kashmir. Kashmir (32° N, 72° E; Jammu & Kashmir state), in north western India, is an oval-shaped valley surrounded with a chain of mountains ranging from 1600m to 5000m and above. The valley has a mix of forests, orchards, croplands, and human habitation. Due to altitudinal variation, there is variation in temperature and vegetation type.
    [Show full text]
  • Ontogeny of Positional Behavior in Captive Silvered Langurs (Trachypithecus Cristatus)
    Ontogeny of Positional Behavior in Captive Silvered Langurs (Trachypithecus cristatus) A Senior Honors Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for graduation with research distinction in Anthropological Science in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Amy Eakins The Ohio State University March 2010 Project Advisor: Professor W. Scott McGraw, Department of Anthropology ABSTRACT Compared to most other mammalian groups, primates are known for the great diversity of positional behavior they exhibit. Their positional repertoire is not static through time, but rather changes with age. As primates age and body size increases, the manner in which animals navigate their environment responds to shifting biomechanical, nutritional, socio-behavioral and reproductive factors. In this study, I examined positional behavior in a colony of captive colobine monkeys, hypothesizing that locomotor and postural diversity will increase with age due to changing physiological and ecological processes. I predicted that as animals mature, their positional diversity will increase as they become more adept at negotiating their three- dimensional environments. I examined age effects on positional behavior in silvered langurs (Trachypithecus cristatus) housed at the Columbus Zoo. Data were collected from January – August 2009 using instantaneous focal animal sampling on a breeding group containing four adults, two juveniles, and one infant. During each scan I recorded the focal animal’s identity, maintenance activity, substrate, and postural (19 categories) or locomotor (12 categories) behavior. Chi-square tests were performed on the data set of 4504 scans. Contrary to expectations, my analyses show that the number of observed positional behaviors did not change significantly with age, although the types of behaviors observed did change.
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 Primate Teacher
    Guide to South Asian Primates for Teachers and Students of All Ages Lorises Langurs Macaques Gibbons Compiled and Edited by Sally Walker and Sanjay Molur Illustrations by Stephen Nash Guide to South Asian Primates for Teachers and Students of All Ages Sally Walker & Sanjay Molur (Compilers & Editors) Compiled from Status of South Asian Primates. Report of the Conservation Assessment and Management Plan CAMP Workshop 2003, recent notes on primates taxonomy from several sources and practical action suggestion for kids Published by: Zoo Outreach Organisation and Primate Specialist Group – South Asia in collaboration with Wildlife Information & Liaison Development Society Copyright:© Zoo Outreach Organisation 2007 This publication can be reproduced for educational and non-commercial purposes without prior permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior permission (in writing) of the copyright holder. ISBN: 81-88722-20-0 Citation: Walker, S. & S. Molur (Compilers & Editors) 2007. Guide to South Asian Primates for Teachers and Students of All Ages. Zoo Outreach Organisation, PSG South Asia and WILD, Coimbatore, India. Illustrations by: Stephen Nash Sponsored by: Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation Primate Action Fund/ Conservation International Compiled by: Sally Walker and Sanjay Molur from the book Molur et al. (2003). Status of South Asian Primates, Report of the Conservation Assessment and Management Plan CAMP Workshop, Coimbatore, 2003 Proofreading by: R. Marimuthu; Typesetting by: Latha Ravikumar The international boundaries of India reproduced in this book are neither purported to be correct nor authentic by the Survey of India directives.
    [Show full text]
  • OPTIMAL FORAGING on the ROOF of the WORLD: a FIELD STUDY of HIMALAYAN LANGURS a Dissertation Submitted to Kent State University
    OPTIMAL FORAGING ON THE ROOF OF THE WORLD: A FIELD STUDY OF HIMALAYAN LANGURS A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Kenneth A. Sayers May 2008 Dissertation written by Kenneth A. Sayers B.A., Anderson University, 1996 M.A., Kent State University, 1999 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2008 Approved by ____________________________________, Dr. Marilyn A. Norconk Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee ____________________________________, Dr. C. Owen Lovejoy Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee ____________________________________, Dr. Richard S. Meindl Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee ____________________________________, Dr. Charles R. Menzel Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Accepted by ____________________________________, Dr. Robert V. Dorman Director, School of Biomedical Sciences ____________________________________, Dr. John R. D. Stalvey Dean, College of Arts and Sciences ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .....................................................................................x Chapter I. PRIMATES AT THE EXTREMES ..................................................1 Introduction: Primates in marginal habitats ......................................1 Prosimii .............................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • Ontogeny of Positional Behavior in Captive Silvered Langurs (Trachypithecus Cristatus)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by KnowledgeBank at OSU Ontogeny of Positional Behavior in Captive Silvered Langurs (Trachypithecus cristatus) A Senior Honors Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for graduation with research distinction in Anthropological Science in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Amy Eakins The Ohio State University March 2010 Project Advisor: Professor W. Scott McGraw, Department of Anthropology ABSTRACT Compared to most other mammalian groups, primates are known for the great diversity of positional behavior they exhibit. Their positional repertoire is not static through time, but rather changes with age. As primates age and body size increases, the manner in which animals navigate their environment responds to shifting biomechanical, nutritional, socio-behavioral and reproductive factors. In this study, I examined positional behavior in a colony of captive colobine monkeys, hypothesizing that locomotor and postural diversity will increase with age due to changing physiological and ecological processes. I predicted that as animals mature, their positional diversity will increase as they become more adept at negotiating their three- dimensional environments. I examined age effects on positional behavior in silvered langurs (Trachypithecus cristatus) housed at the Columbus Zoo. Data were collected from January – August 2009 using instantaneous focal animal sampling on a breeding group containing four adults, two juveniles, and one infant. During each scan I recorded the focal animal’s identity, maintenance activity, substrate, and postural (19 categories) or locomotor (12 categories) behavior. Chi-square tests were performed on the data set of 4504 scans.
    [Show full text]
  • Clouded Leopard Expedition
    Clouded Leopard Expedition Destination: Langtang, Nepal Duration: 10 Days Dates: 22nd Feb – 2nd Mar 2020 Our spotter Pasang having a Clouded Leopard sighting, which we just missed Having the expertise of expert clouded leopard researcher and Mike from Sabah Observed 115 species of birds seen including Lammergeier & Himalayan Monal Watching a Yellow-bellied Weasel hunting around the yak pastures at close range Spotlighting rare mammals such as Himalayan Musk Deer & Stone Marten Amazing close Lammergeier sighting flying overhead & around the valley very low Finding and watching Himalayan Serow moving on the slopes and feeding 21 species of mammals including Yellow-bellied Weasel & Yellow-throated Marten Hiking wonderful valleys, forests and scanning slopes of Langtang National Park Having a Yellow-throated Marten hunt and kill and chicken in the garden Tour Leader / Guides Overview Martin Royle (Royle Safaris Tour Leader) Mike Gordon (Tour Guide) Yadav (Clouded Leopard Researcher) Day 1: Kathmandu Pasang & his brother (Local Spotters) Participants Days 2-8: Langtang National Mr. Tom Clode Mr. Peter Hobbs Mr. Ew an Davies Mr. Sjef Ollers Park Acknowledgements Day 9: Kathmandu Ambassador Garden Hotel – for their hospitality, nice rooms and very nice pizzas. Day 10: Home Langatang Guest House – for their hospitality and excellent location for clouded leopard watching. Dambar – For the logistics in and around Kathmandu and arranging the vehicles to get us to and from Langtang Various Porters – We hired 9 porters for our gear and food and they were very helpful and much quicker than us walking up the slopes. Royle Safaris – 6 Greenhythe Road, Heald Green, Stockport, Cheshire, SK8 3NS – 0845 226 8259 – [email protected] Day by Day Breakdown Overview Ever since the Sunda Clouded Leopard became a reasonably reliable in Sabah the question was will the Indochinese (or mainland) Clouded Leopard ever have a location where they can be reasonably seen.
    [Show full text]
  • Mixed-Species Association Among Malaysian Primates During the Covid-19 Outbreak in Genting Highlands, Peninsular Malaysia
    eISSN: 2672-7226 Journal of Sustainability Science and Management © Penerbit UMT Volume 16 Number 1, January 2021: 1-10 MIXED-SPECIES ASSOCIATION AMONG MALAYSIAN PRIMATES DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN GENTING HIGHLANDS, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA BADRUL MUNIR MD-ZAIN*1, ABD RAHMAN MOHD-RIDWAN1,2, HANI NABILIA MUHD- SAHIMI3, MUHAMMAD ABU BAKAR ABDUL-LATIFF4 AND EDDIE CHAN5 1Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Centre for Pre-University Studies, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. 3Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP), KM 10 Jalan Cheras, 56100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 4Centre of Research for Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (Pagoh Campus), 84000, Muar, Johor, Malaysia, 5Treks Events Sdn Bhd, Lot AW/G5.00, GF, Awana Hotel Genting Highlands Resort. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Submitted final draft: 31 August 2020 Accepted: 5 September 2020 http://doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2021.01.001 Abstract: This is the first report to elucidate primate mixed-species association during Covid-19 outbreak in Malaysia. The observations were carried out at Genting Highlands between 14-24th April 2020 using ad libitum sampling. Five Genting Highlands primate species were observed at approximately 66 observation hours which include Symphalangus syndactylus (siamang), Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus (dusky langur), Presbytis siamensis siamensis (Malayan pale-thighed surili), Macaca nemestrina (southern pig-tailed macaque), and Macaca fascicularis (long-tailed macaque). Primates in Genting Highlands were seen interacting among themselves during the third phase of the MCO.
    [Show full text]
  • Strata Use by Indo-Chinese Gray Langurs (Trachypithecus Crepusculus) and the Effect of Forest Cover on Trachypithecus Terrestriality
    ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH Living in forests: strata use by Indo-Chinese gray langurs (Trachypithecus crepusculus) and the effect of forest cover on Trachypithecus terrestriality Chi Ma1, Wei-Guo Xiong2, Li Yang1, Lu Zhang1, Peter Robert Tomlin3, Wu Chen4,*, Peng-Fei Fan1,5,* 1 School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China 2 Forestry Faculty, South-west Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China 3 School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China 4 Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China 5 Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China ABSTRACT similar to those of limestone langurs (T. francoisi) Studies on behavioral flexibility in response to habitat when using continuous forests. At the genus level (n=6 species), we found a negative relationship differences and degradation are crucial for between habitat forest cover and terrestriality. This developing conservation strategies for endangered negative relationship was also true for the five species. Trachypithecus species inhabit various limestone langur species, implying limestone langurs habitats and display different patterns of strata use; increase territoriality in response to decreased forest however, the effect of habitat structure on strata use cover. Our results document behavioral flexibility in remains poorly studied. Here, we investigated strata strata use of Trachypithecus langurs and highlight use patterns of Indo-Chinese gray langurs the importance of the protection of continuous (Trachypithecus crepusculus) in a primary evergreen forests to promote langur conservation. forest in Mt. Wuliang, southwest China, from June 2012 to January 2016. In addition, we compared T. Keywords: Behavioral flexibility; Habitat crepusculus strata use and terrestriality with five degradation; Strata use; Trachypithecus; Indo- other Trachypithecus species from previous studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Wo 2008/119565 A2
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (43) International Publication Date PCT (10) International Publication Number 9 October 2008 (09.10.2008) WO 2008/119565 A2 (51) International Patent Classification: [DE/DE], Dr -Johann-Heizer-Strasse 36, 85757 Karlsfeld C07K 16/28 (2006 01) C07K 16/32 (2006 01) (DE) STEIGER, Carola [DE/DE], Wendelsteinstr 26, C07K 14/725 (2006 01) C07K 16/42 (2006 01) 86316 Fπedberg (DE) LUTTERBUSE, RaIf [DE/DE], C07K 16/46 (2006 01) C07K 16/40 (2006 01) Fhederstr 11, 82061 Neuried (DE) MAYER, Petra C07K 16/30 (2006 01) A61K 39/395 (2006 01) [DE/DE], Wertheimerstrasse 82, 81243 Munchen (DE) SCHALLER, Evelyne [DE/DE], Tegernseer Land- (21) International Application Number: strasse 8, 82054 Sauerlach (DE) HOFFMANN, Patrick PCT/EP2008/002662 [DE/DE], Hohenbirken 26b, 83670 Bad Heilbrunn (DE) STRASSER, Susanne [DE/DE], Hochfeldstr 22, 85088 (22) International Filing Date: 3 Apπl 2008 (03 04 2008) Vohburg (DE) CIERPKA, Ronny [DE/DE], Alzstr 6, 81549 Munchen (DE) KUFER, Peter [DE/DE], Am (25) Filing Language: English Kapellenacker 13, 85368 Moosburg (DE) HAUSMANN, Susanne [DE/DE], Loestrasse 10, 85221 Dachau (DE) (26) Publication Language: English RIETHMULLER, Gert [DE/DE], Finauerstr 12, 80805 Munchen (DE) (30) Priority Data: (74) Agent: VOSSIUS & PARTNER, Siebertstrasse 4, 81675 07006990 1 3 Apπl 2007 (03 04 2007) EP Munich (DE) 07006988 5 3 Apπl 2007 (03 04 2007) EP 60/913,668 24 Apπl 2007 (24 04 2007) US
    [Show full text]