The power of sharing information The e-Frame European Network on Measuring and the Wikiprogress platform

Donatella Fazio 1, Salema Gulbahar 2, Angela Hariche 3 1ISTAT, Italian National Institute of Statistics, e-mail: [email protected] 2OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, e-mail: Salema.GULBAHAR@.org 3OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

In the last decade, Information Communication Technology (ICT) has revolutionised the manner in which information is created and shared. The process has had a direct impact on statistical data’s dissemination, visualisation and retrieval. At the same time, the focus of the statistical and economic agenda is shifting to devising new methods of measuring well-being and societal progress beyond GDP. In view of these influences and the possibilities that Web 2.0 allows, this paper will illustrate some of the promises of the Wikiprogress (OECD) and the “e-Frame European Network on Measuring Progress” (ISTAT) networks. This paper will also show how these platforms serve as powerful tools for connecting stakeholders and how they engage in the discussion on the official and non official statistics contributing to shape “the way” information and data is collected, produced and shared with the aim to reduce the gap between what statistics say and what people perceive.

Keywords : beyond GDP, Web2.0, information and data sharing

1. Introduction 1

ICT has deeply changed the way information is presented, distributed and accessed. The process is definitive and inexorable and it is undoubtedly recognized its impact on statistical data dissemination, visualization and retrieval. In the frame of Europe 2020 strategy, the process was attested by the broadcast of the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE)2 launched with the aim to deliver sustainable economic and social benefits from a digital single market based on fast and ultra fast internet and interoperable applications. The DAE identifies priority areas to develop through 101 actions which, combined, contribute to help to reboot the EU economy and enable Europe's citizens and businesses to get the most out of digital technologies. All the actors belonging to the European Statistical Systems are encouraged to adopt the DAE actions to leverage the Internet maximising ways of disseminating and sharing statistical information and data.

1 The paper has been thought by the three authors. Section 1, Section 3 and Section 4 have been compiled by Donatella Fazio (ISTAT). Section 2 and Section 5 have been compiled by Salema Gulbahar and Angela Hariche (OECD). Section 6 has been compiled by the three authors. 2 http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/information_society/strategies/si0016_en.htm In the last decade, Web 2.0 applications, including Wikipedia, Facebook and Twitter, as well as the innovative concepts of “collective intelligence” and “crowdsourcing” have transformed the manner in which information is created and shared. With the advent of new online participatory platforms which enable virtual communities to interact, the way which statistical producers and consumers of information create content is also changing expanding the horizons of information. In addition to the expansion of Web 2.0 the last decade has shifted the focus of the statistical and economic debate to topics related to the measurement of well-being and societal progress. The debate attained global visibility through several specific initiatives, including the OECD 3 World Forums held in Palermo 2004, Istanbul 2007, Busan 2009 and New Delhi 2012. In 2008 the then president of France, Nicolas Sarkozy, set up the famous Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Commission 4. Since then, the debate has engaged the general public, as well as universities and other research institutions. It was promulgated the European Commission’s communication on ‘GDP and beyond’ (2007) followed by the establishment, by the European Statistical System Committee (2009), of the sponsorship group on ‘Measuring Progress, well-being and ’ 5. In 2012, the OECD, through its Better Life Initiative, launched the “How’s Life” report with the aim to gather and analyse indicators on the well-being of individuals and households 6. Over time, at European level many other initiatives have been carried out by both the public and private world of research and at institutional level. This paper, after a focus on “Web 2.0 and wiki” in Section 2 and a review on the “beyond GDP” debate in Section 3, will illustrate the experience of two online networks which use the power of the internet to support the agenda related to measuring well-being and societal progress: the e-FrameNET and Wikiprogress. In Section 4 the ISTAT 7 experience of the “European Network on Measuring Progress” (e-FrameNET), conceived by the e-Frame FP7 Project 8 funded by the European Commission, will be deepened. Section 5 will focus on the Wikiprogress platform 9 hosted by the OECD illustrating the journey so far. Section 6 will address the lessons learned at the European and global levels through these experiences.

2. What is Web 2.0? What is a wiki?

"We're looking at an explosion of productivity and innovation, and it's just getting started, as millions of minds that would otherwise have drowned in obscurity get backhauled into the global intellectual economy” 10 .

3 The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), www.oecd.org 4 http://www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/documents/rapport_anglais.pdf 5 Sponsorship Group co-chaired by the Eurostat and FR-INSEE (National Statistical Institute of France) Directors General, with the participation of 16 Member States (Presidents/Directors General of NSIs: AT, BG, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, IT, LU, NL, NO, PL, SE, SI, SK, UK) as well as OECD and UNECE. 6 The report is structured along the dimensions identified by the Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Commission, and focuses on both average conditions of households and specific population groups in OECD and selected non-OECD countries. Accompanying the publication, OECD launched the Better Life Index. 7 The Italian National Institute of Statistics, www.istat.it 8 www.eframeproject.eu 9 www.wikiprogress.org 10 Time magazine explains why it chose the collective "You" as the 2006 Person of the Year, December 2006

2 Web 2.0 platforms, such as Wikiprogress and e-FrameNET, are tools in an era of mass-collaboration and participation. Blogs, wikis, Facebook, or any other site that allows for producers and consumers of content to meet via consumer/user comments or other contribution would be deemed as Web 2.0. They are part of a rapidly changing process in how we deal with global issues. According to “Wikinomics” 11 this movement is “the new force that is bringing people together on the Net to create a giant brain” which allows for greater diversity in contributions. The new forms of collaboration and connectivity that they offer have facilitated global problem-solving. Web 2.0 is also deeply changing the way that statistical information and data are presented, distributed and accessed. It has affected the dissemination, visualization and retrieval of statistical data through a top-down approach. Today, Web 2.0 offers new ways of collecting and producing information, requiring the involvement of communities for data collection (‘Big Data’). The approach redefines statistics by proposing a bottom-up approach for data which allows for non-official sources to be standing along-side the official. The openness and collaboration that Web 2.0 makes possible represent a “democratisation” of innovation in collaboration. Many Web 2.0 based campaigns and community initiatives have flourished throughout the world in recent years. These tools were introduced to give rise to collaborative infrastructures to tackle challenges such as: humanitarian crises and emergency response, the effects of climate change, fostering sustainable development, combating poverty and hunger, increasing food security and providing universal primary education. Using platforms like wikis can harness the collective knowledge and ingenuity of individuals and businesses that might otherwise not be possible. Today, Wikiprogress, hosted by the OECD is an important collective platform contributing to this movement. Launched in 2009, it serves as a collaborative tool for harnessing ideas on measuring progress beyond GDP. Is also and exemplifies how Web 2.0 technologies can contribute to solving global problems. Wikiprogress is an open source platform (all content and activity is visible). Like Wikipedia, it is crowdsourced, which allows a community of users to generate content by developing information on a particular subject or within a particular field with light post- fact quality control conducted by Wikiprogress editors. It is essentially a database of information that can be browsed, searched, created and edited by anyone who has a log in. More facets of Wikiprogress—its motive and its vision will be illustrated in Section 5.

3. The “beyond GDP” debate

In the last decade, discussions on measuring of well-being and societal progress beyond GDP have been at the forefront of the European and global agenda. For a long time, economic growth has been identified with progress. GDP has been universally considered the standard measure of economic progress. An increase in the production and consumption of goods and services, indicated by an increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), has been seen to represent economic growth. GDP represents a macroeconomic measure of the size of economic activity, and, at the individual level, it is a requirement for well-being. However, the relationship between

11 Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything, Don Tapscott, Anthony D. Williams, Portfolio, 2008

3 the level of the economic activity and individual well-being is not directly proportional. Reservations over the use of GDP as a measure of well-being are not recent. In 1968, in his famous campaign speech, Robert F. Kennedy declared:

“The Gross National Product does not allow for the health of our children, the quality of their education, or the joy of their play. It does not include the beauty of our poetry or the strength of our marriages, the intelligence of our public debate or the integrity of our public officials. It measures neither our wit nor our courage, neither our wisdom nor our learning, neither our compassion nor our devotion to our country; it measures everything, in short, except that which makes life worthwhile.”

Nowadays, nearly 45 years after that speech and due to the long-lasting international debate on the issues it contributed to raise, the need to go beyond GDP to measure the well-being of people and societal progress is fully recognised at all levels in a worldwide dimension. Moreover, the necessity to look for a new vision of measuring economic growth is vital in the perspective of the on-going international crisis which highlights the urgency to put ‘Man’ at the centre of the economic evaluations. At the start of the new millennium, the well-being agenda started to have a worldwide dimension thanks to a number of international initiatives. The OECD began to work rigorously on this thematic since 2001 and, recognising the necessity for a wide- ranging reflection on the various themes and multiple dimension of the progress of societies, has organised the World Forums to discuss these issues at a global perspective (Palermo 2004, Istanbul 2007, Busan 2009 and New Delhi 2012) 12 . In 2008 the then French President Sarkozy launched the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress (the Stiglitz-Sen- Fitoussi Commission). The Commission stressed the necessity to move the attention from measuring economic production to measuring individual well-being, thereby identifying the limits of GDP as an indicator of economic performance and societal progress 13 . Over time, the debate was carried on within different initiatives, promoted by both the public and private world of research and at institutional level. At a European level it was promulgated the European Commission’s communication on ‘GDP and beyond’ (2007) followed by the establishment, by the European Statistical System Committee (2009), of the sponsorship group on ‘Measuring Progress, well-being and sustainable development’, which concluded its work in 2011 14 . The sponsorship group was created with the aim of translating the recommendations of the Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Commission report into concrete actions in charge of the National Statistical Institutes (NSIs), calling on them to push the definition of sound and timely statistics, thus implying a better use of all the available statistics and developing new statistics and concise indicators. These discussions have been greatly enhanced by Web 2.0 opportunities. Internet has deeply helped to enlarge the debate undeniably contributing to make it possible to

12 4th World Forum http://www.oecd.org/site/worldforumindia/ , previous World Forums http://www.oecd.org/site/worldforumindia/previousoecdworldforums.htm 13 http://www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/documents/rapport_anglais.pdf 14 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/pgp_ess/0_DOCS/estat/SpG_Final_report_Progres s_wellbeing_and_sustainable_deve.pdf

4 fully recognise that the topics on GDP and beyond and well-being constitute the main issues to discuss focusing on the production of indicators of the measurement of well- being and societal progress within the official statistics and beyond. Many initiatives, at European and global level, have set up to enlarge the community involved in the discussion in order to share the knowledge, the information and the data on Measuring Progress taking advantage of Web 2.0. Now ICT Web 2.0 is pushing on implementing the new ways of collecting and producing information, requiring to involve communities and collect data from communities (‘Big Data’) reshaping the “definition” of statistics requiring a bottom-up approach. One of the most notable bottom-up approach initiatives is the OECD’s Better Life Index 15 , launched in 2011, in order to answer one of the world’s most pressing questions: Are our lives getting better? The Better Life Index is designed to invite users to visualise and compare some of the key factors – like education, housing, environment – that contribute to well-being in OECD countries. The aim is to allow understanding what drives well-being of people and nations and what needs to be done to achieve greater progress for all. With the awareness that there is more to life than the cold numbers of GDP and economic statistics, the Index is an interactive tool that allows seeing how countries perform according to the importance the user gives to each of the 11 topics that make for a better life. On the side of the EU NSIs, called to follow the conclusions of the EC sponsorship group on ‘Measuring Progress, well-being and sustainable development’ in order to develop new official statistics and concise indicators beyond GDP, bottom-up approach initiatives of stakeholder consultation and dialogue with society at large are currently carried out. The Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) has instituted the CNEL 16 -ISTAT initiative for measuring Equitable and Sustainable Well-being in Italy “BES” 17 within which it has been carried out a deliberative process for the definition of a theoretical framework for the measurement of well-being and the selection of the indicators which are composing it. The selection of indicators has been done through the dialogue between a scientific commission of experts, a national steering committee with entrepreneurs, unions and the civil society at large, supported by public meetings, a national survey, a blog and an online questionnaire. The result of the consultation has provided a decision co-established by the Italian society at large.

4. e-Frame European Network on Measuring Progress

In 2012, with the overarching goal of stating a European position on the measurement of well-being and progress beyond GDP and able to interact at global level, the e- Frame European Network on Measuring Progress (e-FrameNET), hosted by Wikiprogress platform, was set up by ISTAT. e-FrameNET is an offshoot of the e- 18 Frame EU FP7 Project . It received funding from the European Commission’s FP7 Work Programme 2011 to answer the EC’s call:

15 http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/ 16 The Italian National Council for and Labour, www.cnel.it 17 www.misuredelbenessere.it 18 e-Frame European Framework for Measuring Progress is a FP7 project (2012-2014) which aims to foster the on-going debate on the measurement of well-being. It is based on a Consortium of 19 partners (NSI’s, civil society organisations, universities, research centres, OECD) coordinated by ISTAT and CBS-Netherland Statistics, www.eframeproject.eu

5

“to ensure that European research activities in the field of official statistics and related areas, and, in particular those related to the ‘Beyond GDP’ and related initiatives such as the Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi report, take place in a co-ordinated manner” 19 .

The e-FrameNET, launched at the European Conference on Measuring Well-Being and Fostering the Progress of Societies (26-28 June 2012, OECD, Paris) 20 , was set up with the objective to contribute to the establishment of a European position on the issues related to methodological and theoretical aspects of new indicators for the measurement of societal progress and well-being beyond GDP. At the same time, it aimed to drive the debate towards the highly global Wikiprogress platform. The Network’s structure allows members to communicate through the e-Frame website and the Wikiprogress platform in order to connect stakeholders, researchers, organisations and policymakers in the ongoing debate on what constitutes the most “accurate” measurement of well-being and societal progress. It involves stakeholders in the e-Frame project by facilitating the dissemination of relevant content. The e-FrameNET is hosted by Wikiprogress and represents the European Network, which functions alongside the Regional Networks of Africa and Latin America. It contributes to discussion at a regional and subject-specific level. The European Network provides a platform for sharing knowledge and measuring well-being and progress in Europe. Members of the e-FrameNET are organised in a database 21 that allows for the creation of mailing lists and for disseminating details about relevant activities. The Network’s aim is to elevate the visibility of the findings of pertinent projects on progressing beyond GDP. The Network forms a community of academics, analysts, opinion leaders and citizens around the subject of measuring well-being in European countries. Key members include the European National Statistical Institutes, civil society organisations, academia and research centres.

5. Wikiprogress, the journey so far

A critical gap exists between what official statistics say about economic performance and how people perceive their own living conditions. Many acknowledge the risk it poses if populations lose faith in governments’ ability to address “what matters” in their lives. This disenchantment with governments threatens the very functioning of democracy. A decade ago, the OECD started to address these concerns. In 2007, it launched the Wikiprogress at the 2009 OECD World Forum in Busan, Korea. The goal of Wikiprogress 22 is to nurture a Web community of users around the vision of measuring the progress of societies by creating a place where progress data and research articles can be loaded, visualised and analysed, so that well-informed decisions about societies can be made at the local, national and international levels. The discussion on the need to move ‘beyond GDP’ is not new. What is new today is that this discussion has moved beyond the realm of specialists and academics towards the involvement of policy-makers, civil society and citizens at large. Since its launch

19 https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/portal/ShowDoc/Extensions+Repository/General+Documentation/All+work+programmes /2011/Cooperation/h-wp-201101_en.pdf , Work Programme 2011 Socio-Economic Sciences and the Humanities , page 39 20 http://www.oecd.org/site/progresseurope/ 21 The database is centrally managed by ISTAT respecting the privacy rules 22 www.wikiprogress.org

6 4 years ago, Wikiprogress has become a global online hub for discourse and information sharing on ‘measuring progress and well-being’ of societies. Wikiprogress has hosted online discussions, provides daily media reviews and connects with the measuring progress community via a monthly newsletter, weekly blogs, daily tweets and Facebook postings. It centralises regional and research networks that are all part of the international movement to look beyond GDP in measuring the progress of societies. It is based on strong partnerships as the core of the ‘measuring progress’ community 23 .

Key statistics of Wikiprogress

Wikiprogess has seen significant and continuous growth since its launch in September 2009, as demonstrated by the graph featured below.

Wikiprogress monthly visits January 2009 – November 2012 (Google Analytics)

15,727

12,4984

8,464

1,037

Wikiprogress achievements can be summarised by some key statistics: • monthly visits have risen from 1,037 in January 2010 to 15,727 in November 2012; has received 216,096 unique visitors (individual people) and 6,174,279 page views (Mediawiki) • in 2012, had an average of 12,000 unique visitors per month (80% of whom were new) and 70 new articles each month • over 30,000 subscribers to the monthly eBrief and ProgBlog and over 2,000 registered users

23 Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Applied Survey Research, Auditevaluation, Bertelsmann Stiftung, Center for Societal Progress, Central Statistical Office, Foro Consultivo Científico y Tecnológico, Hungarian Central Statistical Office, Italian National Institute of Statistics , The Spinoza Factory, Overseas Development Institute, Phylos International Political Economy, Research Group on Normative Conditons of Development Cooperation, School for Wellbeing Studies and Research, Social Science Research Council, Social Weather Stations, State of the USA, Statistics South Africa, Suan Nguen Mee Ma Co. (GNH Movement project), The Centre for Bhutan Studies, The Israeli Society for Sustainable Economics, University of Manchester, Wellbeing Wales Network, 3ie International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, ASCD Whole Child, GALLUP, Research into Child Health in Europe, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, UNICEF, Save the Children, Health Behaviour in School-aged Children. The Wikiprogress Latin America, Africa, Europe and Global Research, Gender and Child Networks.

7 • 1,221 Twitter Followers , 2,882 tweets ; on Facebook a total of 686 ‘likes’. The platform is quite unique; currently there are no other web 2.0 platforms that serve the ‘measuring progress community’ in this way, allowing them to easily share, access and discuss information and receive the latest media reviews. The wiki platform facilitates collaboration and participation, ensuring that the movement is inclusive and growing. It is not only the community that makes Wikiprogress effective, but also the diversity, quality, quantity and accessibility of the content and communication tools. There are now over 1,416 articles on Wikiprogress. Content in the area of well-being and progress measures is drawn from a wide variety of sources, including the OECD, other international organisations, governments, research bodies, and NGOs. The categories of articles existing on the platform are: information by topic; information by country; progress initiatives; progress publications; and progress-related events.

Wikiprogress Networks

Wikiprogress Africa, Europe and Latin America Networks provide a platform for knowledge sharing on measuring progress in their respective regions.The general objective of these Regional Networks is to: a) create a community at a regional level around the vision of measuring the progress of societies; b) create a place in Wikiprogress where region specific progress data and research articles can be loaded, visualised and analysed; c) invite and inform all parties of the progress community in the region, citizens and policy makers alike to join the debate on progress. a) Wikiprogress Latin America Network was launched in May 2011 24. It is a community of academics, analysts, opinion leaders and citizens on well-being measurement in Latin American countries. Founding members include Inter- American Development Bank (IADB), Foro Consultivo Científico y Tecnológico and the OECD. b) Wikiprogress Africa Network was launched in April 2012 25 . Founding members include UNECA, along with the High Commission for Planning of the Morocco and the OECD Development Centre. c) The European Network on Measuring Progress was launched in June 2012 26 . The network is part of the FP7 project e-Frame European Framework for Measuring Progress, which aims to foster the on-going debate on the measurement of well- being. It determines the progress of relevant stakeholders and supports the National Statistical Institutes' measurement initiatives in this area.

Wikiprogress includes four theme specific networks:

1) Wikigender was created in 2008 to bring together data and articles on gender equality globally. It currently has over 30,000 unique visitors per month in its growing community. 2) Wikichild was integrated into the Wikiprogress portal in 2011; it is a global network and resource containing current and relevant information, discussions, research, data and media articles on child well-being. In 2012 the number of monthly visitors to the portal increased from 600 in January to over 1,300 in November.

24 Latin American Conference on Measuring Well-being and Fostering the Progress of Societies , May 2011, Mexico City 25 African Conference on Measuring Well-Being and Fostering the Progress of Societies , April 2012, Rabat 26 European Conference on Measuring Well-Being and Fostering the Progress of Societies , June 2012, Paris.

8 3) Global Progress Research Network (GPRNet) is an international multidisciplinary network of individuals committed to promoting research on societal progress, including its meaning, measurement and development. In 2012 the network led the online discussion on “Leading Change: The Canadian Index of Well-being”. The GPRN built upon its role as a ‘network of networks’ by facilitating a discussion at a fringe meeting of the 4th World Forum on "Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”. 4) Wikiprogress.Stat provides progress-related and citizen-generated data; it is a statistical tool with accompanying visualisations that facilitates the task of data collection, analysis and dissemination. Through Wikiprogress.Stat, anyone can upload data, access and visualise the information.. The overall aim of Wikiprogress.Stat is to create a robust database of progress indicators for a wide range of regions, over the longest possible time-scale with a visualisation facility, which allows for better communication of the stories.

Communications tools

Wikiprogress is able to reach and engage with a large and diverse audience using numerous communication tools: • the Wikiprogress eBrief monthly electronic bulletin provides a snapshot of current news features and initiatives. The eBrief drives traffic to Wikiprogress while raising the profile of its contributors and the Wikiprogress networks in their marketing of the connected themes of progress. The eBrief goes to over 30,000 subscribers every month. • the Wikiprogress ProgBlog , features posts on the latest research, data, initiatives and developments. The 124 blogs posted in 2012, received over 29,920 page views and 6,591 unique visitors. Contributions in 2012 came from diverse sources like the nef, Overseas Development Institute, UNESCO and Save the Children. • Wikiprogress online discussions are a newer addition and included the discussion on “Leading Change: The Canadian Index of Well-being ”. It gave members opportunity to offer and find sounding boards, expand their knowledge base, identify sources of information and pertinent connections with other experts. • So cial media has revolutionised the way we communicate and interact with news, information, products, ideas and each other. Twitter is an important communication tool for Wikiprogress; it has 2-5 tweets a day. Th e Facebook page updates an engaged community on major events, reports, media articles and comments with at least 30 posts per month. • The Wikiprogress Community Portal (CP) is the only daily updated news and information source focused on measuring progress currently on market and is often used to update the social media platforms and vice versa. It contains: a media and blog review; an archive of special focus media reviews; a listing of recently published papers; a multimedia gallery that includes videos, info graphics and images; news from the networks; a discussion space and the option to share ideas.

6. Pitfalls and lessons learned

The journey of Wikiprogress and e-FrameNET has a few lessons learned:

9 - Online platforms take work and money. When you open your platforms up for contribution, partnerships and programs are necessary. Online discussions are a very good way of getting users to contribute. - Web 2.0 is cheaper than some things but still costs money. While wiki’s can be termed as “plug and play” or “off the shelf”. You communities will have demands that need to be met. So, strong technological staff needs to be in place. - Quality assurance. There is a perception that participatory platforms might not produce articles of good quality. While we feel that diversity and inclusion are two key elements to “good quality”, the Wikiprogress team does a light post facto review of articles submitted. This process has worked well. The gap between what statistics say about economic performance and how people perceive their own living conditions is far from closed. It is felt by many that this poses a real risk that people will lose faith in governments’ ability to address “what matters for them”. These online communities are a co ntribution to this movement to try to understand what matters to citizens, how to measure it and eventually foster real change. As the power of online communities grows ever stronger, it will undoubtedly be useful learn from Wikiprogress and the e-FrameNET experience. The Web 2.0 platforms and networks facilitate collaboration and participation, ensuring the movement is inclusive and growing. These platforms part of the force behi nd a new era of mass collaboration and participation that is changing the way global issues are dealt with. The experiences of the e-Fram eNET and Wikiprogress are helping to reshape the ways in which statistical information and data can be shared and disseminated and how it is possible to engage citizens and motivate them to contribute and access statistics.

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