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Smart Grid Protocols A QIP Course on Smart Grid Technology: Smart Grid Protocols Ankush Sharma Assistant Professor Dept. of EE, IIT Kanpur E-mail: [email protected] Contents Various Smart Grid Protocols IEC 61850 Protocol Tele-Control Protocols DLMS/COSEM Protocols Smart Grid Protocols and Standards - IEEE C37.118:IEEE Standard for Synchrophasor - IEC 61850: Power Utility Automation Measurements for Power Systems - IEC 61968: Common Information Model (CIM) / - IEC 61970: Common Information Model (CIM) / Distribution Management Energy Management - IEC 62056: Data exchange for meter reading, - IEC 60870-6: Inter-Control Center tariff and load control Communications Protocol - DNP 3.0: Interoperability between substation - IEC 60870-5-104: Network access for IEC 60870- computers, RTUs, IEDs and master stations 5-101 using standard transport profiles Major Smart Grid Protocols/ Standards - IEC 62351: Security - IEC 62325: Deregulated energy market communications standards - IEC 61508: Functional safety of electrical/electronic/ programmable electronic - AS 4777: Grid connection of energy systems safety-related systems via inverters - IEEE 1588: Standard for a Precision Clock - AS 4577: Framework for the control of electrical Synchronization Protocol for Networked devices for DRM Measurement and Control Systems Smart Grid Protocols and Standards Other Smart Grid Protocols/ Standards – Green Button - Initiative to provide utility customers with easy and secure access to their energy usage information in a consumer-friendly and computer-friendly format MultiSpeak -The specification is a standard for the exchange of data among enterprise application software commonly applied in utilities SunSpec - Open interoperability specifications and information models to achieve plug-and-play interoperability between Distributed Energy Resource (DER) components and smart grid applications SEP 2.0 - Standard for applications that enable home energy management via wired and wireless devices that support Internet Protocol IEC 61850 IEC 61850 Before IEC 61850 - Power substations were mostly managed by substation automation systems that - Utilize simple, straightforward and highly specialized communication protocols Less concerned about the semantics of the exchanged data Devices from different manufacturers used different substation automation protocols, disabling them to talk to each other Utilities were paying enormous money and time to configure the devices to work together in a substation Hence, device manufacturers recognized the need for a unified international standard to support seamless cooperation among products from different vendors The IEC 61850 international standard, drafted by substation automation domain experts from 22 countries IEC 61850 Takes advantage of a comprehensive object-oriented data model and the Ethernet technology Part 1 to Part 3 - general ideas about the standard Part 4 – defining the project and management requirements in an IEC 61850 enabled substation Part 5 - specifying the required parameters for physical implementation Part 6 - defining an XML based language for IED configuration Part 7 - elaborating on the logical concepts Part 8 – mapping of the internal objects to the presentation layer and to the Ethernet link layer Part 9 - mapping from sampled measurement value (SMV) to point-to-point Ethernet IEC 61850 – Substation Architecture IEC 61850 based Substation Architecture IEC 61850 – System Overview Source: ABB IEC 61850 - Virtualization Logical Representation of Device in IEC 61850- IEC 61850 – Object Naming Anatomy of an IEC61850 Object Name V A Functional Constraint MX MX Logical Nodes MMXU1 MMXU2 Logical Device (e.g. Relay1) “MMXU2$MX$A” = Physical Device Feeder #2 Current Measurements (network address) IEC 61850 – Object Naming Logical node groups M Metering and measurement L System LN S Sensor and monitoring P Protection X Switchgear R Protection related T Instrument transformers C Control Y Power transformers G Generic Z Further power system I Interfacing and archiving equipment Examples:A Automatic control (4) PDIF: Differential protection CSWI: Switch controller RBRF: Breaker failure MMXU: Measurement unit XCBR: Circuit breaker YPTR: Power transformer IEC 61850– Profile Communication Communication Application Stack Domain IEC 61850 Communication Profile IEC 61850Communication IEC 61850 – Communication Profile IEC 61850 Communication Source: ABB IEC 61850 Interface Model Source: ABB IEC 61850 - ACSI Abstract Communications Service Interface - ACSI Defines a set of Objects Defines a set of Services to manipulate and access those objects Defines a base set of data types for describing objects Example ACSI services – GetDataSetValue, CreateDataSet, DetDataDirectory IEC 61850 - SMV Sampled Measured Values (SMV) IEC 61850 - GOOSE IEC61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event - GOOSE Device to multi-device GOOSE Header: communication – Local or Wide Area • Multicast Address • Name Bridgeable but Non-routable • Time Until Next GOOSE User-defined Dataset sent in an Ethernet Multicast message • Etc. Message sent on change of state as well periodically to enable detection of device failure User-Defined Dataset Reliability effected through message • Status Information repeat • Analog Values • Data Quality • Time IEC 61850 – GOOSE Messaging IEC 61850 – GSSE/MMS Generic Substation State Events (GSSE) Only Status data can be exchanged through GSSE and it uses a status list (string of bits) rather than a dataset as is used in GOOSE GSSE messages are transmitted directly over IEC/ISO 8802-2 and 8802-3 (IEEE 802.3) using a similar mechanism to GOOSE messages As the GSSE format is simpler than GOOSE it is handled faster in some devices. GSSE is being progressively superseded by the use of GOOSE and support for it may eventually disappear Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) It is a messaging system for transferring real time process data and supervisory control information between networked devices and/or computer applications. MMS Defines the following - A set of standard objects which must exist in every device, on which operations like read, write, event signaling etc. can be executed. A set of standard messages exchanged between a client and a server stations for the purpose of monitoring and/or controlling these objects. A set of encoding rules for mapping these messages to bits and bytes when transmitted. IEC 61850 - SCL SCL – Substation Configuration Language Description language for communication in electrical substations related to the IEDs XML based language that allows a formal description of - – Substation automation system and the switchyard and the relation between them – IED configuration – IEC 61850 language used in the XML files is called SCL language IEC 61850 - SCL SCL File Types SSD: System Specification Description. XML description of the entire system. SCD: Substation Configuration Description. XML description of a single substation. ICD: IED Capability Description. XML description of items supported by an IED. CID: Configured IED Description. XML configuration for a specific IED. IEC 61850 - SCL SCL File Sample SSD: System Specification Description. XML description of the entire system. SCD: Substation Configuration Description. XML description of a single substation. ICD: IED Capability Description. XML description of items supported by an IED. CID: Configured IED Description. XML configuration for a specific IED. IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED Modelling) IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED modelling) SCL Bay A Bay Unit (IED) PTRC (Trip, Operate) IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED modelling) SCL SCL It is possible to “structure” the Logical Nodes, and group them under different Logical Devices. The “rules” of this structure are described in the XML file. IEC 61850: Services (IED modelling) The SCL file also describes what the IED can do (services). In this case it seems that the IED cannot offer upload of disturbance recorder file, as the “FileHandling Service” is not listed: While this IED allows to upload the disturbance recorder files (FileHandling Service” is listed): IEC 61850 - CID CID File Generation IEC 61850 - CID CID File Generation IEC 61850 - SSD SSD File IEC 61850-90-5: Mapping with C37.118 IEC 61850-90-5: Mapping with C37.118 IEC 61850 Benefits of IEC 61850 • IEC 61850 normally uses the approach of common information model (CIM) of real devices in terms of logical nodes (LN) for standardization • High‐level services enable self‐describing devices & automatic object discovery saving money and effort in configuration and maintenance • Standardized naming conventions with power system context eliminates device dependencies and tag mapping • Standardized configuration file formats enables seamless exchange of device configuration • Higher performance multi‐cast messaging for inter‐relay communications enables functions not possible with hard wires • Multi‐cast messaging enables sharing of transducer (CT/PT) signals Tele‐Control Protocols Tele-Control Protocols for SCADA IEC 60870‐5‐101 protocol (Serial mode communication from RTU to Control Center) IEC 60870‐5‐104 protocol (network mode communication from RTU to Control Center) IEC 60870‐6‐502 ( ICCP) protocol (between two Control Canters) IEC 60870‐5‐103 protocol (for communication between IEDs in a Substation) DNP 3.0 Protocol (Serial) DNP 3.0 Protocol (TCP/IP) Communication Channel for Information flow RLDC Wide Band Commn (MW / FO) SLDC SLDC Wide Band Commn Area-LDC Area-LDC Wide Band / PLCC
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