Ecoregions of Tennessee

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Ecoregions of Tennessee Ecoregions of Tennessee 90° 89° 88° 87° 86° 85° 84° 83° 82° 70 Ecoregions denote areas of general similarity in ecosystems and in the type, quality, and quantity of environmental 71 68 69 67 resources; they are designed to serve as a spatial framework for the research, assessment, management, and monitoring KENTUCKY of ecosystems and ecosystem components. Ecoregions are directly applicable to the immediate needs of state 74 VIRGINIA agencies, such as the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC), for selecting regional stream 67i reference sites and identifying high-quality waters, developing ecoregion-specific chemical and biological water Lake 68c ver KY 71g Ri 67h iver quality criteria and standards, and augmenting TDEC’s watershed management approach. Ecoregion frameworks are Barkley 71e ll R ver 66f e ch Ri Clarksville w in n also relevant to integrated ecosystem management, an ultimate goal of most federal and state resource management Dale Hollow o l to P C ls 67g Reelfoot Lake Ho agencies. Lake 67h 67h 66f Kentucky 69d 67f The approach used to compile this map is based on the premise that ecological regions can be identified through the 74a Lake Old Hickory analysis of the patterns and the composition of biotic and abiotic phenomena that affect or reflect differences in r Norris Johnson Lake ive d R Lake City ecosystem quality and integrity (Wiken 1986; Omernik 1987, 1995). These phenomena include geology, Cu rlan mb mbe 67f Riv er erla Cu physiography, vegetation, climate, soils, land use, wildlife, and hydrology. The relative importance of each bion nd O R i Cherokee characteristic varies from one ecological region to another regardless of the hierarchical level. A Roman numeral ve 66d r Lake er hierarchical scheme has been adopted for different levels of ecological regions. Level I is the coarsest level, dividing 71h iv 66e r R North America into 15 ecological regions, with level II dividing the continent into 52 regions. At level III, the ive ky i R uc p 68c h continental United States contains 99 regions (United States Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA] 1997). Level p c i 67i li s Nashville o s 74a N i IV is a further subdivision of level III ecoregions. Explanations of the methods used to define USEPA’s ecoregions s s 36° i 67g ° MISSOURI M Center Hill 36 are given in Omernik (1995), Griffith et al. (1994, 1997), and Gallant et al. (1989). Midd Oak ARKANSAS 73a iver le 66d r R F Lake ee o J Percy 68a Ridge 67g Douglas This level III and IV ecoregion map was compiled at a scale of 1:250,000; it depicts revisions and subdivisions of d D r 67g e k Fork Priest Lake 66g F Knoxville earlier level III ecoregions that were originally compiled at a smaller scale (USEPA 1996; Omernik 1987). The poster o Lake Crossville 73 r Sparta k is part of a collaborative project primarily between the USEPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research e 71f d er R Fort Loudoun 66e De iv Laboratory - Corvallis, OR., and TDEC’s Division of Water Pollution Control. Collaboration and consultation also e Lake 74b r 67h 74a Murfreesboro occurred with the United States Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), the So 66e United States Department of Agriculture - Forest Service (USFS), USEPA Region IV, and with other State of u th 65e F 71i Tennessee agencies. o 71g F 74a rk F L r orke i d t e D t l n This project is associated with an interagency effort to develop a common framework of ecological regions. Reaching e McMinnville Watts Bar e er River 67f c Du Lake T 66f h ck e that objective requires recognition of the differences in the conceptual approaches and mapping methodologies that Ri n B Jackson ve n r r e o have been used to develop the most commonly used existing ecoregion-type frameworks, including those developed s a r s d Columbia e r e by the USFS (Bailey et al. 1994), the USEPA (Omernik 1987, 1995), and the NRCS (U.S. Department of Agriculture iv ve e i R R R Ri 66 e v i 1981). As each of these frameworks is further developed, the differences between them lessen. Regional e v e se r 66g i s er h e collaborative projects such as this one in Tennessee, where some agreement can be reached among multiple resource 74a tc n 71h a n lo River u e Fontana management agencies, is a step in the direction of attaining commonality and consistency in ecoregion frameworks for Buffa eq T H S Lake a the entire nation. tc 67h hie 67i r Ri ve v ahatchie R i e 67i L Literature Cited: oos r it L tle T 68b en Bailey, R.G., Avers, P.E., King, T., and McNab, W.H., eds., 1994, Ecoregions and subregions of the United States (map) Chickamauga ne r s (supplementary table of map unit descriptions compiled and edited by McNab, W.H. and Bailey, R.G.): Washington, D.C., U.S. e Tims Ford Lake s NORTH CAROLINA v Lawrenceburg e W i Lake e R H SOUTH CAROLINA Department of Agriculture - Forest Service, scale 1:7,500,000. o R lf iwa e 67g ssee iv e Rive r Memphis Riv s e s Gallant, A.L., Whittier, T.R., Larsen, D.P., Omernik, J.M., and Hughes, R.M., 1989, Regionalization as a tool for managing e r 67f r e Elk River 67h n environmental resources: Corvallis, Oregon, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA/600/3-89/060, 152 p. n 66e e T 65j 45 Griffith, G.E., Omernik, J.M., Wilton, T.F., and Pierson, S.M., 1994, Ecoregions and subregions of Iowa - a framework for water 35° 65b 65a Pickwick 35° Lake quality assessment and management: The Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 101, no. 1, p. 5-13. 67g MISSISSIPPI 65i 68c Chattanooga 68c Griffith, G.E., Omernik, J.M., and Azevedo, S.H., 1997, Ecoregions of Tennessee: Corvallis, Oregon, U.S. Environmental ALABAMA GEORGIA Protection Agency EPA/600R-97/022, 51 p. 74 65 71 66 68 67 Omernik, J.M., 1987, Ecoregions of the conterminous United States (map supplement): Annals of the Association of American 68 Geographers, v. 77, no. 1, p. 118-125, scale 1:7,500,000. 90° 89° 88° 87° 86° 85° 84° 83° INTERIOR—GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, RESTON, VIRGINIA—1998 Omernik, J.M., 1995, Ecoregions - a framework for environmental management, in Davis, W.S. and Simon, T.P., eds., Biological 82° assessment and criteria - tools for water resource planning and decision making: Boca Raton, Florida, Lewis Publishers, p. 49-62. Level III Ecoregions of the Conterminous United States 1 Coast Range 27 Central Great Plains 54 Central Corn Belt Plains 2 Puget Lowland 28 Flint Hills 55 Eastern Corn Belt Plains U.S. Department of Agriculture - Soil Conservation Service, 1981, Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the 77 3 Willamette Valley 1 2 29 Central Oklahoma/Texas Plains 56 Southern Michigan/Northern Indiana United States: Agriculture Handbook 296, 156 p. 41 4 Cascades 30 Edwards Plateau Drift Plains 42 5 Sierra Nevada 65 Southeastern Plains 67 Ridge and Valley 69 Central Appalachians 73 Mississippi Alluvial Plain SCALE 1:940 000 10 49 58 31 Southern Texas Plains 57 Huron/Erie Lake Plains U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997, Level III ecoregions of the continental United States (revision of Omernik, 1987): 3 16 48 6 Southern and Central California 1 15 32 Texas Blackland Prairies 58 Northeastern Highlands 65a Blackland Prairie 67f Southern Limestone/Dolomite 69d Cumberland Mountains 73a Northern Mississippi Alluvial Plain 10 0 20 40 mi Chaparral and Oak Woodlands Corvallis, Oregon, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Map 11 33 East Central Texas Plains 59 Northeastern Coastal Zone 16 43 4 15 16 50 58 7 Central California Valley 34 Western Gulf Coastal Plain 60 Northern Appalachian Plateau 65b Flatwoods/Alluvial Prairie Margins Valleys and Low Rolling Hills M-1, various scales. 17 17 51 51 50 8 Southern California Mountains 9 12 46 35 South Central Plains and Uplands 200 40 80 km 17 9 Eastern Cascades Slopes and 36 Ouachita Mountains 78 57 60 62 59 61 Erie/Ontario Drift and Lake Plains 65e Southeastern Plains and Hills 67g Southern Shale Valleys Wiken, E., 1986, Terrestrial ecozones of Canada: Ottawa, Environment Canada, Ecological Land Classification Series no. 19, 26 p. 52 53 Foothills 37 Arkansas Valley 71 Interior Plateau 74 Mississippi Valley Loess Plains Albers equal area projection 56 62 62 North Central Appalachians 18 10 Columbia Plateau 38 Boston Mountains 65i Fall Line Hills 67h Southern Sandstone Ridges 44 47 57 61 67 63 Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain 71e Western Pennyroyal Karst 74a Bluff Hills Standard parallels 35° 20' N and 36° 15' N 13 19 64 63 11 Blue Mountains 39 Ozark Highlands 5 54 64 Northern Piedmont 25 55 70 65j Transition Hills 67i Southern Dissected Ridges and 1 12 Snake River Basin/High Desert 40 Central Irregular Plains 65 Southeastern Plains 7 71f Western Highland Rim 74b Loess Plains 21 27 13 Northern Basin and Range 41 Canadian Rockies* 66 Blue Ridge Mountains 20 40 Knobs 8 28 69 14 Southern Basin and Range 42 Northwestern Glaciated Plains 67 Ridge and Valley 71g Eastern Highland Rim 6 72 15 Northern Rockies 43 Northwestern Great Plains PRINCIPAL AUTHORS: Glenn Griffith (USEPA), James Omernik (USEPA) and 39 71 68 Southwestern Appalachians 8 16 Montana Valley and Foothill 44 Nebraska Sand Hills 66 Blue Ridge Mountains 22 67 45 69 Central Appalachians 71h Outer Nashville Basin Sandra Azevedo (OAO Corporation).
Recommended publications
  • Interpretation of Cumberland Escarpment and Highland Rim, South-Central Tennessee and Northeast Alabama
    Interpretation of Cumberland Escarpment and Highland Rim, South-Central Tennessee and Northeast Alabama GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 524-C Interpretation of Cumberland Escarpment and Highland Rim, South-Central Tennessee and Northeast Alabama By JOHN T. HACK SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 524-C Theories of landscape origin are compared using as an example an area of gently dipping rocks that differ in their resistance to erosion UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1966 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract___________________________________________ C1 Cumberland Plateau and Highland Rim as a system in Introduction_______________________________________ 1 equilibrium______________________________________ C7 General description of area___________________________ 1 Valleys and coves of the Cumberland Escarpment___ 7 Cumberland Plateau and Highland Rim as dissected and Surficial deposits of the Highland Rim____________ 10 deformed peneplains _____________________ ,... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 Elk River profile_______________________________ 12 Objections to the peneplain theory____________________ 5 Paint Rock Creek profile________________________ 14 Eastern Highland Rim Plateau as a modern peneplain__ 6 Conclusions________________________________________ 14 Equilibrium concept
    [Show full text]
  • Knoxville Area Per Capita Income Was $37,864, a 5.6 Percent Increase
    Income In 2012, Knox County’s per capita personal income (PCPI) was eighth highest in the state at $38,752, a decrease of less than one percent from 2011, while at the MSA level, Knoxville Area per capita income was $37,864, a 5.6 percent increase. In 2012, state PCPI grew 5.9 percent to $38,734. Th e 2003 to 2012 average annual growth rate of PCPI in Knox County was 3.0 percent. Taxes Residential property in Tennessee is assessed at 25 percent of appraised value, and commercial/industrial property is assessed at 40 percent. Th e current property tax rate Facts & Figures for Knox County residents is $2.32 per $100 assessed value. Th e assessment in the City of Knoxville is $2.39 per $100. City residents pay both property taxes. 2014 TRANSPORTATON State sales tax is 5.5 percent on food and food ingredients and Airlines ...............................................................6 7 percent on all other tangible Allegiant Air, American Eagle, Delta, personal property. Th e local rate, Frontier, United Express, USAirways Express Location and Climate Daily fl ights ........................over 140 per day applicable countywide, is 2.25 percent, bringing the total sales Founded in 1791 where the French Broad and Holston Rivers meet to form the Air Passengers ..............................1,676,374 tax in Knox County to 9.25 Tennessee River, Knoxville is the largest city in East Tennessee, ranking third percent. About 60 percent of the statewide with a metropolitan population of 852,715. Last year the Knoxville Air Services - 2013 local portion goes to the Knox County School system, the remainder dedicated to metropolitan statistical area, as defi ned by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 40. Appalachian Planation Surfaces
    Chapter 40 Appalachian Planation Surfaces The Appalachian region not only includes the mountains, but also the surrounding provinces. During the erosion episode (see Chapter 8 and Appendix 4), rocks of the Appalachians were sometimes planed into a flat or nearly flat planation surface, especially on the provinces east and west of the Blue Ridge Mountains (Figure 40.1). But planation surfaces are also found in the Appalachian Mountains, mainly on the mountaintops. Figure 40.1. Map of the Appalachian provinces and the two provinces to the west (from Aadland et al., 1992). Due to their rolling and dissected morphology, the Appalachian provinces are rarely called planation surfaces, but they would mostly be erosion surfaces. I will continue to use the more descriptive term, planation surface, with the understanding that many of these are erosion surfaces. The Appalachian provinces exhibit three possible planation surfaces, from east to west, they include: (1) the Piedmont Province, (2) the accordant mountaintops of the Valley and Ridge Province (part of the Appalachian Mountains), and (3) the Appalachian Plateau which is divided into the Allegheny Plateau in the north and the Cumberland Plateau in the south. I also will include the Interior Low Plateaus Province to the west of the Appalachian Plateau. Many articles have been published about the Appalachian planation surface. Their origin is controversial among secular geologists, but they can readily be explained by the runoff of the global Genesis Flood. Figure 40.2. Lake on the Piedmont near Parkersville, South Carolina, showing general flatness of the terrain. The Piedmont Planation Surface The Piedmont Province begins just east of the Blue Ridge Mountains from the Hudson River in the north to Alabama in the south.
    [Show full text]
  • Topography Along the Virginia-Kentucky Border
    Preface: Topography along the Virginia-Kentucky border. It took a long time for the Appalachian Mountain range to attain its present appearance, but no one was counting. Outcrops found at the base of Pine Mountain are Devonian rock, dating back 400 million years. But the rocks picked off the ground around Lexington, Kentucky, are even older; this limestone is from the Cambrian period, about 600 million years old. It is the same type and age rock found near the bottom of the Grand Canyon in Colorado. Of course, a mountain range is not created in a year or two. It took them about 400 years to obtain their character, and the Appalachian range has a lot of character. Geologists tell us this range extends from Alabama into Canada, and separates the plains of the eastern seaboard from the low-lying valleys of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. Some subdivide the Appalachians into the Piedmont Province, the Blue Ridge, the Valley and Ridge area, and the Appalachian plateau. We also learn that during the Paleozoic era, the site of this mountain range was nothing more than a shallow sea; but during this time, as sediments built up, and the bottom of the sea sank. The hinge line between the area sinking, and the area being uplifted seems to have shifted gradually westward. At the end of the Paleozoric era, the earth movement are said to have reversed, at which time the horizontal layers of the rock were uplifted and folded, and for the next 200 million years the land was eroded, which provided material to cover the surrounding areas, including the coastal plain.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of the Estillville Sheet
    DESCRIPTION OF THE ESTILLVILLE SHEET. GEOGRAPHY. ward across the States of Illinois and Indiana. course to the Ohio. South of Chattanooga the ment among the high points on Wallin Ridge, the Its eastern boundary is sharply defined by the streams flow directly to the Gulf of Mexico. even crest of Stone Mountain, and the summit of General relations. The territory represented Alleghany front and ..the Cumberland escarp­ Topography of the Appalachian province. The Powell Mountain west of Slemp Gap. Beyond by the Estillville atlas sheet is one-quarter of a ment. The rocks of this division are almost different divisions of the province vary much in Big Black Mountain, with its irregular crest, is square degree of the earth's surface, extending entirely of sedimentary origin, and remain very character of topography, as do also different por­ the even summit of Pine Mountain, planed down from latitude 36° 30' on the south to 37° on the nearly horizontal. The character of the surface, tions of the same division. This variation of top­ to the general height of the valley ridges. The north, and from longitude 82° 30' on the east to which is dependent on the character and attitude ographic forms is due to several conditions, which peneplain was originally very nearly horizontal, 83° on the west. Its average width is 27.7 miles, of the rocks, is that of a plateau more or less com­ either prevail at present or have prevailed in the but it has been tilted, so that now it varies in ele­ its length is 34.5 miles, and its area is 956.6 pletely worn down.
    [Show full text]
  • May 9–13, 2017 Programming Schedule
    May 9–13, 2017 Programming Schedule *ALL SCHEDULES SUBJECT TO CHANGE* The FARMERS’ MARKET, WORKSHOPS, SEMINARS/PRESENTATIONS and OUTDOOR EXCURSION SIGN– UPS will take place at: LeConte Center at Pigeon Forge 2986 Teaster Lane Pigeon Forge, TN 37863 Wilderness Wildlife Week’s 2nd Appalachian Homecoming featuring storytelling, music, antique tractor show, non–profit picnic fundraiser and more will begin at 5 PM on Friday, May 12th at: Patriot Park 186 Old Mill Avenue Pigeon Forge, TN 37863 LeConte Center Hours Information Desk: Open Tuesday to Thursday, from 7 AM – 9 PM Information Desk: Open Friday, from 7 AM – 4:30 PM Information Desk: Open Saturday, from 7 AM – 8 PM Farmers’ Market Hours: Open Tuesday thru Saturday from 8:30 AM – 2:30 PM Pre–registration Desk: Open Tuesday thru Saturday from 8 AM – 3 PM Pre–registration for LIMITED! Sessions will take the morning of each day for that day’s sessions Vendor/Exhibit Hall: Open daily from 9 AM – 6 PM in LeConte Exhibit Hall *Note: Vendor Hall will close at 4 PM on Friday, May 12. Photography Exhibit opens Tuesday, May 9 from 2 PM to 6 PM. Hours for Wednesday, May 10 until Saturday, May 13 from 9 AM until 6 PM. Photography Exhibit Special Hours: Friday, May 12 from 9 AM until 4 PM. Education Stations located in LeConte Hall. 1 Tuesday, May 9 9 AM: Tuesday Outdoor Excursion Sign-ups – Greenbrier Hall A 9 – 10 AM: NEW! Guiding in the National Parks and Wilderness Areas of the United States: Chris Hoge – North 1 9 – 11 AM: NEW! LIMITED! Design Your Own Bird Greeting Cards: Louise Bales – North 3B Limit 10 Participants must preregister at Registration Table for all LIMITED! sessions.
    [Show full text]
  • East and Central Farming and Forest Region and Atlantic Basin Diversified Farming Region: 12 Lrrs N and S
    East and Central Farming and Forest Region and Atlantic Basin Diversified Farming Region: 12 LRRs N and S Brad D. Lee and John M. Kabrick 12.1 Introduction snowfall occurs annually in the Ozark Highlands, the Springfield Plateau, and the St. Francois Knobs and Basins The central, unglaciated US east of the Great Plains to the MLRAs. In the southern half of the region, snowfall is Atlantic coast corresponds to the area covered by LRR N uncommon. (East and Central Farming and Forest Region) and S (Atlantic Basin Diversified Farming Region). These regions roughly correspond to the Interior Highlands, Interior Plains, 12.2.2 Physiography Appalachian Highlands, and the Northern Coastal Plains. The topography of this region ranges from broad, gently rolling plains to steep mountains. In the northern portion of 12.2 The Interior Highlands this region, much of the Springfield Plateau and the Ozark Highlands is a dissected plateau that includes gently rolling The Interior Highlands occur within the western portion of plains to steeply sloping hills with narrow valleys. Karst LRR N and includes seven MLRAs including the Ozark topography is common and the region has numerous sink- Highlands (116A), the Springfield Plateau (116B), the St. holes, caves, dry stream valleys, and springs. The region also Francois Knobs and Basins (116C), the Boston Mountains includes many scenic spring-fed rivers and streams con- (117), Arkansas Valley and Ridges (118A and 118B), and taining clear, cold water (Fig. 12.2). The elevation ranges the Ouachita Mountains (119). This region comprises from 90 m in the southeastern side of the region and rises to 176,000 km2 in southern Missouri, northern and western over 520 m on the Springfield Plateau in the western portion Arkansas, and eastern Oklahoma (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • The Logan Plateau, a Young Physiographic Region in West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee
    The Logan Plateau, a Young Physiographic Region in West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1620 . II • r ,j • • ~1 =1 i1 .. ·~ II .I '1 .ill ~ I ... ... II 'II .fi :. I !~ ...1 . ~ !,~ .,~ 'I ~ J ·-=· ..I ·~ tJ 1;1 .. II "'"l ,,'\. d • .... ·~ I 3: ... • J ·~ •• I -' -\1 - I =,. The Logan Plateau, a Young Physiographic Region in West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee By WILLIAM F. OUTERBRIDGE A highly dissected plateau with narrow valleys, steep slopes, narrow crested ridges, and landslides developed on flat-lying Pennsylvanian shales and subgraywacke sandstone during the past 1.5 million years U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1620 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1987 For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Outerbridge, William F. The Logan Plateau, a young physiographic region in West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee. (U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1620) Bibliography: p. 18. Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.3:1620 1. Geomorphology-Logan Plateau. I. Title. II. Series. QE75.B9 no. 1620 557.3 s [551.4'34'0975] 84-600132 [GB566.L6] CONTENTS Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Methods of study 3 Geomorphology 4 Stratigraphy 9 Structure 11 Surficial deposits 11 Distribution of residuum 11 Depth of weathering 11 Soils 11 Landslides 11 Derivative maps of the Logan Plateau and surrounding area 12 History of drainage development since late Tertiary time 13 Summary and conclusions 17 References cited 18 PLATES [Plates are in pocket] 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Stream Runoff Trends in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont of Southeastern United States
    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Geosciences Theses Department of Geosciences 4-20-2009 Analysis of Stream Runoff Trends in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont of Southeastern United States Usha Kharel Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses Part of the Geography Commons, and the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Kharel, Usha, "Analysis of Stream Runoff Trends in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont of Southeastern United States." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2009. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses/15 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Geosciences at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Geosciences Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ANALYSIS OF STREAM RUNOFF TRENDS IN THE BLUE RIDGE AND PIEDMONT OF SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES by USHA KHAREL Under the Direction of Seth Rose ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to examine the temporal trends of three monthly variables: stream runoff, rainfall and air temperature and to find out if any correlation exists between rainfall and stream runoff in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont provinces of the southeast United States. Trend significance was determined using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test on a monthly and annual basis. GIS analysis was used to find and integrate the urban and non-urban stream gauging, rainfall and temperature stations in the study area. The Mann-Kendall test showed a statistically insignificant temporal trend for all three variables. The correlation of 0.4 was observed for runoff and rainfall, which showed that these two parameters are moderately correlated.
    [Show full text]
  • HIGH ALLEGHENY PLATEAU ECOREGIONAL PLAN: FIRST ITERATION Conservation Science Support—Northeast and Caribbean
    HIGH ALLEGHENY PLATEAU ECOREGIONAL PLAN: FIRST ITERATION Conservation Science Support—Northeast and Caribbean The High Allegheny Plan is a first iteration, a scientific assessment of the ecoregion. As part of the planning process, other aspects of the plan will be developed in future iterations, along with updates to the ecological assessment itself. These include fuller evaluations of threats to the ecoregion, constraints on conservation activities, and implementation strategies. CSS is now developing a standard template for ecoregional plans, which we have applied to the HAL first iteration draft report, distributed in 2002. Some of the HAL results have been edited or updated for this version. Click on the navigation pane to browse the report sections. What is the purpose of the report template? The purpose of creating a standard template for ecoregional plans in the Northeast is twofold: — to compile concise descriptions of methodologies developed and used for ecoregional assessment in the Northeast. These descriptions are meant to meet the needs of planning team members who need authoritative text to include in future plan documents, of science staff who need to respond to questions of methodology, and of program and state directors looking for material for general audience publications. — to create a modular resource whose pieces can be selected, incorporated in various formats, linked to in other documents, and updated easily. How does the template work? Methods are separated from results in this format, and the bulk of our work has gone into the standard methods sections. We have tried to make each methods section stand alone. Every section includes its own citation on the first page.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins of Camp Louise in the Settlement House Movement of Baltimore’S Jewish Community
    1 “Fresh Air and Cheer”: The Origins of Camp Louise in the Settlement House Movement of Baltimore’s Jewish Community by Barry Kessler One day in 1921, three Baltimoreans set out to visit a potential site for a summer retreat that would serve the city’s immigrant Jewish women. Ida Sharogrodsky, a social worker, and Lillie Straus, a philanthropist, had pleaded with Lillie’s husband, Aaron, one of Baltimore’s wealthiest merchants, to consider purchasing an old hotel in the Catoctin Mountains which they envisioned as an extension of the social service work they were doing in East Baltimore. Midway on the seventy‐mile trip, Aaron Straus seized on the pretext of a storm to turn back, but the ladies were undeterred, and once they arrived, the enchanting view of forested hills and fertile valleys overcame his reluctance. 1 The story of the three founders’ trip has served as the origin myth of Camp Louise, which matured from a vacation spot for working women to a traditional Jewish girls’ summer camp and is still operating almost a hundred years later. It’s a charming tale, retold over generations by camp alumnae and counselors, staff and community leaders. But the actual history of how Camp Louise emerged from Baltimore’s Progressive era efforts to aid, acculturate, and assimilate immigrants is more complex and in many ways more interesting. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Baltimore faced the twin pressures of industrialization and immigration, which gave rise to enormous challenges as well as critical opportunities for the city, and for its Jewish community in particular.
    [Show full text]
  • Scenic Landforms of Virginia
    Vol. 34 August 1988 No. 3 SCENIC LANDFORMS OF VIRGINIA Harry Webb . Virginia has a wide variety of scenic landforms, such State Highway, SR - State Road, GWNF.R(T) - George as mountains, waterfalls, gorges, islands, water and Washington National Forest Road (Trail), JNFR(T) - wind gaps, caves, valleys, hills, and cliffs. These land- Jefferson National Forest Road (Trail), BRPMP - Blue forms, some with interesting names such as Hanging Ridge Parkway mile post, and SNPMP - Shenandoah Rock, Devils Backbone, Striped Rock, and Lovers Leap, National Park mile post. range in elevation from Mt. Rogers at 5729 feet to As- This listing is primarily of those landforms named on sateague and Tangier islands near sea level. Two nat- topographic maps. It is hoped that the reader will advise ural lakes occur in Virginia, Mountain Lake in Giles the Division of other noteworthy landforms in the st& County and Lake Drummond in the City of Chesapeake. that are not mentioned. For those features on private Gaps through the mountains were important routes for land always obtain the owner's permission before vis- early settlers and positions for military movements dur- iting. Some particularly interesting features are de- ing the Civil War. Today, many gaps are still important scribed in more detail below. locations of roads and highways. For this report, landforms are listed alphabetically Dismal Swamp (see Chesapeake, City of) by county or city. Features along county lines are de- The Dismal Swamp, located in southeastern Virginia, scribed in only one county with references in other ap- is about 10 to 11 miles wide and 15 miles long, and propriate counties.
    [Show full text]