Ella Spira MBE ‘50 for 50’ Series 2021
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Establishing a Chronology for Holocene Climate and Environmental Change from Mleiha, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Adrian G
Establishing a chronology for Holocene climate and environmental change from Mleiha, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Adrian G. Parker, Frank Preusser, Joachim Eberle, Sabah Jasim and Hans-Peter Uerpmann Adrian Parker, Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxon, OX3 0BP Email: [email protected] The Holocene epoch has also been punctuated by a series of abrupt climatic events with several phases of hyper-aridity, which have coincided with changes observed in the archaeological record (Parker et al., 2006; Preston et al., 2012). To date, only a few fluvial or lacustrine records covering the early to mid-Holocene period from the region have been studied. Little or no information is available for the late Holocene from these geoarchive types (Parker and Goudie, 2008). The purpose of this ongoing study is to analyse sediments from geoarchives from the interior of SE Arabia in order to determine and build the past climatic context of the area against which the archaeology can be set. Key methods are being used to understand how changes in rainfall and aridity have varied over the time using physical, chemical and biological analyses. The Mleiha region of Sharjah Emirate provides a unique record for human occupation spanning the last 125,000 years from the Palaeolithic through to the modern day (Armitage et al., 2011; Uerpmann et al., 2013; Mouton, 1999). The Jebel Faya anticline forms a narrow, discontinuous bedrock ridge, which extends approximately 30 km from Jebel Buhais in the south, through Jabel Faya, Jebel Mleiha to Sha’biyyat As Saman, a few kilometres south-west of Dhaid. -
Seasonal and Diurnal Performance of Daily Forecasts with WRF V3.8.1 Over the United Arab Emirates
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1615–1637, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1615-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Seasonal and diurnal performance of daily forecasts with WRF V3.8.1 over the United Arab Emirates Oliver Branch1, Thomas Schwitalla1, Marouane Temimi2, Ricardo Fonseca3, Narendra Nelli3, Michael Weston3, Josipa Milovac4, and Volker Wulfmeyer1 1Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany 2Department of Civil, Environmental, and Ocean Engineering (CEOE), Stevens Institute of Technology, New Jersey, USA 3Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 4Meteorology Group, Instituto de Física de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain Correspondence: Oliver Branch ([email protected]) Received: 19 June 2020 – Discussion started: 1 September 2020 Revised: 10 February 2021 – Accepted: 11 February 2021 – Published: 19 March 2021 Abstract. Effective numerical weather forecasting is vital in T2 m bias and UV10 m bias, which may indicate issues in sim- arid regions like the United Arab Emirates (UAE) where ex- ulation of the daytime sea breeze. TD2 m biases tend to be treme events like heat waves, flash floods, and dust storms are more independent. severe. Hence, accurate forecasting of quantities like surface Studies such as these are vital for accurate assessment of temperatures and humidity is very important. To date, there WRF nowcasting performance and to identify model defi- have been few seasonal-to-annual scale verification studies ciencies. By combining sensitivity tests, process, and obser- with WRF at high spatial and temporal resolution. vational studies with seasonal verification, we can further im- This study employs a convection-permitting scale (2.7 km prove forecasting systems for the UAE. -
Hereby Offering an Ideal Place for Conversations About Tants As Well As the Vision of Its Leadership
SHARJAH ARCHITECTURE TRIENNIAL EDITION 1 SHARJAH VISITORS’ GUIDE RIGHTS OF FUTURE GENERATIONS ( NOV 9, 2019 - FEB 8,2020 ) https://www.sharjaharchitecture.org ABOUT SHARJAH Uniquely situated on both the Gulf and Indian Ocean coasts, the Sharjah is home to a diverse population with a strong Arab repre- Emirate of Sharjah—one of the seven that constitute the United sentation, and is embraced by its local and expatriate inhabitants Arab Emirates—is at the crossroads of millennia of exchange and alike. Architecturally, Sharjah reflects the diversity of its inhabi- mobility, thereby offering an ideal place for conversations about tants as well as the vision of its leadership. Restored vernacular architecture and urbanism. coral stone buildings with courtyards harken back to historical fishing and pearling societies. Expanding modern planned sub- Archaeological sites and the artifacts displayed at local museums urban neighborhoods for Emiratis extend to the multi-story urban reveal intimate links between inhabitants of the various settle- center that houses expatriate Arab and South Asian families. And ments that flourished in Sharjah and contemporaneous civiliza- neo-Islamic government and educational buildings reflect local tions, from the Mediterranean to the West, Mesopotamia to the pride in regional heritage. Sharjah’s architecture is a unique amal- north, and the Indus Valley to the east. gam that distinguishes it from other cities across the region. This long history as a node for transnational networks has per- This rich legacy of cultural encounters is further highlighted by mitted twentieth-century Sharjah to evolve into one of the most Sharjah’s numerous cultural initiatives. Since its inception in 1993, vibrant cities in the region, and a multiethnic trading port follow- the Sharjah Biennial has grown into one of the most influential ing the formation of the UAE in 1971. -
United Arab Emirates (Uae)
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: United Arab Emirates, July 2007 COUNTRY PROFILE: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE) July 2007 COUNTRY اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴّﺔ اﻟﻤﺘّﺤﺪة (Formal Name: United Arab Emirates (Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah Dubai , أﺑﻮ ﻇﺒﻲ (The seven emirates, in order of size, are: Abu Dhabi (Abu Zaby .اﻹﻣﺎرات Al ,ﻋﺠﻤﺎن Ajman , أ مّ اﻟﻘﻴﻮﻳﻦ Umm al Qaywayn , اﻟﺸﺎرﻗﺔ (Sharjah (Ash Shariqah ,دﺑﻲّ (Dubayy) .رأس اﻟﺨﻴﻤﺔ and Ras al Khaymah ,اﻟﻔﺠﻴﺮة Fajayrah Short Form: UAE. اﻣﺮاﺗﻰ .(Term for Citizen(s): Emirati(s أﺑﻮ ﻇﺒﻲ .Capital: Abu Dhabi City Major Cities: Al Ayn, capital of the Eastern Region, and Madinat Zayid, capital of the Western Region, are located in Abu Dhabi Emirate, the largest and most populous emirate. Dubai City is located in Dubai Emirate, the second largest emirate. Sharjah City and Khawr Fakkan are the major cities of the third largest emirate—Sharjah. Independence: The United Kingdom announced in 1968 and reaffirmed in 1971 that it would end its treaty relationships with the seven Trucial Coast states, which had been under British protection since 1892. Following the termination of all existing treaties with Britain, on December 2, 1971, six of the seven sheikhdoms formed the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The seventh sheikhdom, Ras al Khaymah, joined the UAE in 1972. Public holidays: Public holidays other than New Year’s Day and UAE National Day are dependent on the Islamic calendar and vary from year to year. For 2007, the holidays are: New Year’s Day (January 1); Muharram, Islamic New Year (January 20); Mouloud, Birth of Muhammad (March 31); Accession of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi—observed only in Abu Dhabi (August 6); Leilat al Meiraj, Ascension of Muhammad (August 10); first day of Ramadan (September 13); Eid al Fitr, end of Ramadan (October 13); UAE National Day (December 2); Eid al Adha, Feast of the Sacrifice (December 20); and Christmas Day (December 25). -
Before the Emirates: an Archaeological and Historical Account of Developments in the Region C
Before the Emirates: an Archaeological and Historical Account of Developments in the Region c. 5000 BC to 676 AD D.T. Potts Introduction In a little more than 40 years the territory of the former Trucial States and modern United Arab Emirates (UAE) has gone from being a blank on the archaeological map of Western Asia to being one of the most intensively studied regions in the entire area. The present chapter seeks to synthesize the data currently available which shed light on the lifestyles, industries and foreign relations of the earliest inhabitants of the UAE. Climate and Environment Within the confines of a relatively narrow area, the UAE straddles five different topographic zones. Moving from west to east, these are (1) the sandy Gulf coast and its intermittent sabkha; (2) the desert foreland; (3) the gravel plains of the interior; (4) the Hajar mountain range; and (5) the eastern mountain piedmont and coastal plain which represents the northern extension of the Batinah of Oman. Each of these zones is characterized by a wide range of exploitable natural resources (Table 1) capable of sustaining human groups practising a variety of different subsistence strategies, such as hunting, horticulture, agriculture and pastoralism. Tables 2–6 summarize the chronological distribution of those terrestrial faunal, avifaunal, floral, marine, and molluscan species which we know to have been exploited in antiquity, based on the study of faunal and botanical remains from excavated archaeological sites in the UAE. Unfortunately, at the time of writing the number of sites from which the inventories of faunal and botanical remains have been published remains minimal. -
Bridging the Gulf.Indd
1 Archaeology of Indo-Gulf Relations in the Early Historic Period: e Ceramic Evidence ANJANA L. REDDY INTRODUCTION e countries connected with the Indian Ocean form a series of relationships based on sea communication. ese are reflected above all in trade. e Indian Ocean is one of the world’s most ancient trading systems. Its existence as a cultural entity was first defined by K.N. Chaudhuri in his book titled Trade and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean: An Economic History from the Rise of Islam to 1750. He recognized that the Indian Ocean has a unity of civilization that is equivalent to that perceived of the Mediterranean by Fernand Braudel (Chaudhuri, 1985). Of all the seas, the Indian Ocean is perhaps a late entrant in historical studies. One reason for this may be the complexity of the subject, owing to the diversity of cultures prevailing in the Indian Ocean, which would make it a subject of study for many lives of many historians (Kejariwal, 2006). is is what Chaudhuri (1990: 11) explains has led to . the specialist historians of Asia, each examining his own narrow chronology and field, are often unable to see the structural totality of economic and social life and are inclined to treat the experience of their own regions as unique or special . historians of Asia, whether working on the Middle East, India, China, or Japan, seem to be much more interested in comparing the course of their history with that of Western Europe rather than with other regions of Asia. Subsequently, Indian Ocean studies relating to the Early Historic period have focused on the Early Roman ‘India Trade’ with emphasis particularly on the role of the Red Sea, East African and South Arabian ports. -
14-Q-1610052-TIC Contents
14-Q-1610052-TIC Contents Ajman and the UAE Diverse Landscapes Engaging Activities Thriving Economy Defining Traditions Investment Opportunities Dedicated Tourism Department 14-Q-1610052-TIC Ajman & UAE 14-Q-1610052-TIC Seven Emirates United United Arab Emirates Established Capital Population 1971 Abu Dhabi 9.6 million Government type Language Currency Area Constitutional Arabic AED 1 83,600 km2 monarchy English = USD 0.27 = EUR 0.25 4 14-Q-1610052-TIC Central to East and West Locally founded International carriers 5 14-Q-1610052-TIC Ajman Al Zoura National Reserve Ajman Marina Al Zorah Golf Course Ajman Museum Ajman Corniche Ajman Free Zone Ajman Boulevard Container Restaurants & Sports Park Ajman Fish Market City Centre Mall Al Tallah Camel Race Course Ruler Population GDP Area His Highness 373,000 AED 16.4 billion 260 km2 Sheikh Humaid (USD 4.46 billion) bin Rashid Al Nuaimi 6 14-Q-1610052-TIC Conveniently Connected Close to five international airports From Ajman to airport in: Ajman Sharjah - Highway E11 to E88 Dubai - Highway E11 Ras Al Khaimah - Highway E11 to Al Shohadaa Rd. Fujairah - Highway E611 to E102 to E84 Abu Dhabi - Highway E11 7 14-Q-1610052-TIC Diverse Landscapes 14-Q-1610052-TIC Discover the treasures of Ajman City • Open-air souks • Bustling markets selling fresh fruits, vegetables and fish • Authentic Arab cuisine • Waterfront shops, restaurants and cafes • Urban historical and cultural sites 9 14-Q-1610052-TIC Swim the warm waters of the Arabian Gulf • 16 km of shoreline • Average water temperature ranges from 20° -
The Future Is Now from Glittering New Developments to the Digital Revolution – Sharjah Is 21St-Century Ready 2 Introduction Introduction 3
COUNTRY REPORT A woman’s worth Leading the way in female empowerment BUSINESS PROPERTY CULTURE TRAVEL A hot spot for innovation: how the Sharjah’s flourishing property sector The creative use of heritage Why Sharjah’s careful preservation state, universities and private sector is welcoming a raft of developments buildings to house its collection of of its natural assets – beaches, desert, nurture entrepreneurs and start-ups that will usher in a new chapter for contemporary Arab art has won wadis and mangroves – sets the from concept to product P4 real estate in the emirate P10-11 Sharjah international plaudits P17 emirate apart from its neighbours P18 The future is now From glittering new developments to the digital revolution – Sharjah is 21st-century ready 2 Introduction Introduction 3 OMAN The Al Noor (Central) Mosque commands a view A SHEIKHA over the Khalid Lagoon in Giant leaps Sharjah’s commercial centre RAS – one step READY AL-KHAIMAH DIBBA AL-HISN UMM FUJAIRAH at a time TO SCALE AL- QUWAIN AJMAN KHOR FAKKAN The ruler’s wife SHARJAH CITY leads the way THE DIZZY SHARJAH AL DHAID FUJAIRAH for the emirate’s SIR ABU NU’AYR ISLAND women, writes HEIGHTS AL BEDAYER KALBA DUBAI Mitya Underwood RAS Meet the mountain- AL-KHAIMAH climbing mother who ABU DHABI f the seven emirates in the is transforming the OMAN UAE, Sharjah has one of the O strongest records when it cultural and physical comes to female empowerment. The Sharjah Art Foundation is landscape of Sharjah. led by an Emirati woman, as is Building a brighter future the Sharjah Family Development Karen Attwood reports Centre. -
Hdrogeological and Geophysical Studies on Al-Jaww Plain, Al-Ain
WSTA 8 Th Gulf Water Conference, 3-6 March 2008 , Manama, Bahrain ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY IMAGING FOR QUATERNARY AQUIFER IN WADI MURAYKHAT AND WADI SA’A, AL AIN AREA, UAE. By: Ahmed. El-Mahmoudi KFU University, Water Studies Centre, KSA WSTA 8 Th Gulf Water Conference, 3-6 March 2008 , Manama, Bahrain Figure (#) Map of Al Jaww Plain and locations of Wadi Muraykhat and Wadi Sa’a (modified from Warrak, 1986). WSTA 8 Th Gulf Water Conference, 3-6 March 2008 , Manama, Bahrain Objectives These wadis originate from the Oman Mountains range and form the catchment and feeding area of the water resources. So, From the hydrogeological point of view, subsurface investigation of these wadies is very important for better understanding of the Quaternary aquifer system. To Map the subsurface conditions of the Quaternary alluvial aquifer system at Wadi Muraykhat & Wadi Sa’a , Al Jaww Plain through (2-D) electrical Resistivity tomography survey. WSTA 8 Th Gulf Water Conference, 3-6 March 2008 , Manama, Bahrain To achieve these Objectives Reviewing the Geology of study area. A series of data including: Borehole data Geophysical Investigations (2-D Resistivity, TEM Data WSTA 8 Th Gulf Water Conference, 3-6 March 2008 , Manama, Bahrain GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS Th WSTA 8 Gulf Water Conference, 3-6 March 2008 , Manama, Bahrain 25 320 000 E 340 000 E 360 000 E 380 000 E 2740 000 N 2740 000 N N Northern A-Geomorphology 2720 000 N Dunes 2720 000 N IV OMAN MOUNTAINS 2700 000 N 2700 000 N I 2680 000 N 2680 000 N III II AL AIN 2660 000 N 2660 000 N Jabal AL JAWW Hafit PLAIN I 2640 000 N 2640 000 N IV OMAN Southern MOUNTAINS Dunes 2620 000 N I I. -
United Arab Emirates & Oman
Big Five Presents United Arab Emirates & Oman UAE & Oman offer an unexpected cornucopia of contrasts that when taken together mean an unforgettable vacation experience. From the dazzling gem of sophistication that is Dubai, to the cosmopolitan capital city of Abu Dhabi, to Umm al-Qaiwain’s long sweeps of beautiful beaches, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has quickly become a star in the realm of luxury destinations. Seven emirates – Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al-Qaiwain, Ras al-Khaimah and Fujairah – joined together in 1971 to form a constitutional federation. Although most of the country is desert, it still offers vividly contrasting landscapes, from the Empty Quarter, the largest sand desert in the world, to lush oases, rocky mountains and fertile plains. UAE occupies a large sweep of land along the southeastern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, with Qatar to the west, Saudi Arabia to the south and west, and Oman to the north and east. The capital and the largest city of the federation, Abu Dhabi, is located in the emirate of the same name. Although UAE is known widely for its oil, wealth, shopping and sophistication, the country also has a quieter side that can be experienced in the desert of the Bedouin or the centuries-old neighborhoods, mosques and markets of Dubai. The cultural capital of the country is Sharjah, where visitors gain a glimpse of the past and discover opportunities for authentic interactions with people from fish markets to date souqs. The Sultanate of Oman on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula shares a border with the UAE as well as Saudi Arabia and Yemen to the southwest. -
OE Threat Assessment: United Arab Emirates (UAE)
DEC 2012 OE Threat Assessment: United Arab Emirates (UAE) TRADOC G-2 Intelligence Support Activity (TRISA) Complex Operational Environment and Threat Integration Directorate (CTID) [Type the author name] United States Army 6/1/2012 OE Threat Assessment: UAE Introduction The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is important because of its location near the Strait of Hormuz and its willingness to work with Western nations. The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow body of water that separates the Persian Gulf from the Gulf of Oman, through which 20% of the world’s oil passes annually. The UAE, seven emirates that work under a federalist structure, also is an important hydrocarbon producer in its own right with the world’s seventh largest known oil reserves and the eleventh largest known natural gas fields. The UAE allows both the U.S. and France to operate military bases in the country from where the two countries support their military activities in Afghanistan and elsewhere in the Middle East. Political Seven former members of what was known in the 19th century as the Trucial or Pirate Coast currently comprise the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In order of size, the emirates are: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Umm al Qaywayn, Ajman, Al Fajayrah, and Ras al Khaymah. Ras al Khaymah joined the UAE in February 1972 after the other six states agreed on a federal constitution the year before. The UAE, with its capital in Abu Dhabi, is a federation with specified powers delegated to the central government and all other powers reserved to the emirates. Due to the prosperity of the country, most of its inhabitants are content with the current political system. -
The Iron Age Culture in the United Arab Emirates, Between 1100 BC and 250 BC
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kanazawa University Repository for Academic Resources Bulletin of Archaeology, Kanazawa Univ. 29 2008, 31-41. The Iron Age Culture in the United Arab Emirates,between 1100BC and 250BC The Iron Age Culture in the United Arab Emirates, between 1100 BC and 250 BC Benoist Anne United Arab Emirates are part of Eastern Arabia, bordered inappropriate for naming this period, as no iron was used to the north-west by the Persian Gulf, to the east by the or produced in the region during that time, excepted on Oman sea, part of the Indian Ocean, and to the west by one site (Muwailah), where it probably was imported from the Rub al Khali, the desert of central Arabia. The western other regions of the Middle East. Thus, this appellation part of U.A.E. is covered by sand dunes. The eastern part must be considered as purely formal and referring to is covered by a range of mountains oriented North-west / nearby cultures (Iranian Iron Age) more than to any local south-east, locally called Hajjar mountains. They form a historical reality. half-circle 700 km long for 50 to 150 km wide, separating the western region from the eastern coast. The central The Iron Age period includes three main phases1: part of these mountains is formed by ophiolithic and - Iron Age I (1200 – 1000 BC), which appears as metamorphic rocks, such as chlorite or diorite, which have a transitional period between the Late Bronze Age and the been exploited during antiquity for making vessels.