DOCSLIB.ORG

Synthesis and Characterizations of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-Loaded Chloramphenicol for Antibacterial Applications

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Synthesis and Characterizations of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-Loaded Chloramphenicol for Antibacterial Applications Hussein et al (2019): ZnO-nanoparticles for antibacterial use December 2019 Vol. 22 (12) Synthesis and Characterizations of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-Loaded Chloramphenicol for Antibacterial Applications 1Khalfa EF, 1Nafaee ZH, 1Abdullah FN, 1Bdair GS, 1Niema RM, 1Salman HD, 2*Hussein FH. 1College of Pharmacy/ University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq, 51002 2Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq *Corresponding author: Hussein F. H. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Background: Zinc oxidehas low toxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability making it a material of interest for biomedicine, widely used in antibacterial materials and in pro-ecological systems. The aim of current study was to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO) from Zn (NO3)2.4H2O by precipitation method. The study includes adsorption of chloramphenicol drugs on ZnO NPs to enhance the bioactivity of ZnO as topical antibacterial. Methods: Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a precipitated chemical method for antibacterial applications by Zn (NO3)2.4H2O as precursor. The synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles were also modified by loading biologically active compound which was chloramphenicol. The characterization of Zinc oxide nanoparticles wasinvestigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Chloramphenicol was adsorbed on ZnO nanoparticles at room temperature using 10%ethanol as solvent. The synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded with chloramphenicol were validated for antibacterial activity against S. aureus, Acinetobacter, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Results: Generally, Zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded with chloramphenicol (100mg/mL) had better response for S. aureus and Acinetobacter while MIC against P. aeruginosa and E. coli was 300mg/ml. On the contrary, K. pneumoniae was the most resistant bacteria in this test and didn’t exhibit any response to the action of (Zinc oxide nanoparticles at any concentration. Keywords: Biological Applications, Chloramphenicol, Zinc Oxide, Pathogenic bacteria, Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. How to cite this article: Hussein FH, Khalfa EF, et al (2019): Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles-loaded chloramphenicol for antibacterial applications , Ann Trop Med & Public Health; 22(IV): S383. DOI: http://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2019.221217 Introduction Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an inorganic compound. Itis a white powder and is widely used as an additive substance in numerous materials.Zinc oxide is a semiconductor material with high chemical stability and strong photosensitivity with a band gap of 3.3eV at room temperature (1). In addition, ZnO can be used as a sensor, converter, energy generator and photo catalyst in hydrogen production because of its piezo- and pyro-electric properties (2, 3). Zinc oxide was used as photo catalyst in degradation of textile dyeing waste water. Zinc oxide has photo decolorization activity because activating energy of zinc oxide in photo degradation was 24±1kJmol-1. However, the photo degradation involved a mixture of suspension of zinc oxide with titanium dioxide under ©Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health S383 Hussein et al (2019): ZnO-nanoparticles for antibacterial use December 2019 Vol. 22 (12) ultraviolet irradiation condition (4). It has low toxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability making ZnO a material of interest for biomedicine, widely used in antibacterial materials and in pro-ecological systems (5-7). Various synthetic methods have been reported in the literature for synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, classified into either chemical or physical methods; for example, physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition, spray conversion processing, sol-gel process and precipitation method (8, 9). These methods are to grow a variety of ZnO structures such as nanoparticles, nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes, nanobelts and other complex morphologies (10). Precipitation method is simple process for the synthesis of nanopowders of metal oxides, which are highly reactive in low temperature sintering (11). This method includes reducing the temperature of the reaction where homogenous mixtures of the reagents are precipitated. However, ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by ultrasound, microwave-assisted combustion method (12). Metal oxides such as ZnO have been studied extensively to explore their utility as potential pharmaceutical agents(11).There are differences between ordinary ZnO powder and ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) that have a large specific surface area and small size effect (10,11). The direct precipitated synthesized ZnO NPs were combined with sol-gel synthesized titanium dioxide to make evaluation of UV light photo catalytic activity. The photo catalytic degradation of ZnO NPs and titanium dioxide was carried out different RB5 concentrations at different light intensities (13).Nanoparticle can be involved in drug delivery, as the nanoparticle get entrapment of drugs, are either enhanced delivery to, or uptake by target cells and/or a reduction in the toxicity of the free drug to non-target organs (14). ZnO NPs have been reported to possess anti-microbial activity. These particles can significantly reduce skin infection, bacterial load and inflammation in mice, and also improve infected skin architecture (15). The mechanism of ZnO bioactivity is the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged bacterial cells and positively charged particles. This interaction is not only inhibitingbacterial growth but also induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation resulting in cell death (16-18). Similarly, it has been suggested that ZnO NPs have ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria due to disorganization of bacterial membranes, which increases membrane permeability leading to accumulation of nanoparticles in the bacterial membrane and cytoplasmic regions of the cells (19).The activity of ZnO NPs on the surface of bacteria or accumulation of NPs either in the cytoplasm or in the periplasmic region causes disruption of cellular function or disruption and disorganization of membranes (20, 21). It has been suggested that ZnO NPs can protect intestinal cells from bacterial infection by inhibiting adhesion and internalization of bacteria. This leads to prevent the increase of tight junction permeability and modulating cytokine (19). The antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs has been studied against various microorganisms (bacteria) such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli and Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtillis and Staphylococcus aureus (22). The aim of current study was to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO) from Zn(NO3)2.4H2O by precipitation method. The study includes adsorption of chloramphenicol drugs on ZnO NPs to enhance the bioactivity of ZnO as topical antibacterial. The ZnO NPs have tested against various types of bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter. Material and Methods Materials All chemicals used were analytical grade and without any further purification. The precursor chemicals are zinc nitrate tetrahydrate (Himedia, India), sodium hydroxide (Alpha chemika, India), Ethanol (VWR chemicals, ©Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health S383 Hussein et al (2019): ZnO-nanoparticles for antibacterial use December 2019 Vol. 22 (12) France), chloramphenicol (Jing Lu biotechnology, China). Other solvents included deionized water, and Di- methyl Sulphoxide (Vardaan house, Daryaganj, New Delhi India). Synthesis methods In this study, wet chemical method was used for the preparation of ZnO nanoparticles. About 20mg of Zn (NO3)2.4H2O was dissolved in 300ml of deionized water in a beaker with stirring for 10min using magnetic stirrer. Then, 50mL of 0.25M NaOH solution was added slowly drop by drop into the beaker containing the Zn(NO3)2.4H2O solution under stirring condition and controlled pH above 9.The resulting solution was heated under constant stirring, at atemperature of 70°C for 4hrs. Then, the white suspension was formed; this mixture was left at room temperature for 72hrs. The mixed solution was filtered bycentrifugation at 2500rpm for 10min, for further separation, the precipitate wasdried at 70°C for two days. Finally, the precipitate was calculated at 300°C for 5hrs in a muffle furnace. Preparation solution of the chloramphenicol A stock solution of 500μg/mL chloramphenicol was prepared by dissolving 50mg of chloramphenicol into 100mL of aqueous ethanol (10%). Then, five different diluted chloramphenicol solutions (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100)μg/mL were prepared via dilution from the chloramphenicol stock solution. Loading of ZnO nanoparticles on chloramphenicol The adsorption of chloramphenicol on both types of zinc particles (nano and non-nano)was done by taking twice25mL of each diluted chloramphenicol solutions separately (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100)μg/mL and transferring these solutions into five 100mL flask.Next, 50mg of zinc oxidenanoparticles and zinc oxide non-nanoparticles, respectively,were added for each diluted chloramphenicolsolutions separately.Then, 10 mixtures (chloramphenicol with both types of zinc oxide particles) were shaken at room temperature for two hrs. Finally, the mixtures were centrifuged at 6000rpm for five minutes, and then the 10 filtrates were scanned by UV-Vis spectrophotometer while the precipitates were dried for bacteria culture activities. Antibacterial activity Collection of specimens and bacterial identificationweredone
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Synthesis of Zinc Oxide, Titanium Dioxide and Magnesium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Their Prospective in Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological Applications
    Subject Area(s): TOXICOLOGY | BIOTECHNOLOGY MINI REVIEW Synthesis of Zinc Oxide, Titanium Dioxide and Magnesium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Their Prospective in Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological Applications Abhinav Shrivastava1, Ravi Kant Singh1, Pankaj Kumar Tyagi2* and Dilip Gore3 1Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Chhattisgarh, Raipur, C.G.-493225 2Department of Biotechnology, Noiwda Institute of Engineering & Technology, Gr. Noida, U.P.-201306 3Saibiosystems Pvt. Ltd., Nagpur, Maharashtra, India 440002 ABSTRACT *Corresponding author Pankaj Kumar Tyagi, Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering The use of nanoparticles for the therapeutic purpose is gaining pronounced importance. In the & Technology, Gr. Noida, U.P.201306, India last two decades, a number of nanomedicines received regulatory approval and several showed promises through clinical trials. In this content, it is important to synthesize nanoparticles from E-mail: [email protected] various sources and to check its effi ciency, especially its antibacterial activity. In today’s scenario DOI: 10.37871/jbres1180 number nanomedicines are proving useful to control multidrug resistance and since the mechanism of action of nanoparticles is totally different from the small molecules like antibiotics it obviates the Submitted: 08 December 2021 chances of drug resistance. In this review, we discussed three metal-based nanoparticles prepared Accepted: 08 January 2021 from various reducing sources namely Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle (ZnO NPs), Titanium Dioxide Published: 11 January 2021 Nanoparticle (TiO2 NPs) and Magnesium Dioxide Nanoparticle (MnO2 NPs). The focus also made towards the safety assessment of the several nanoparticles. In addition, the exact interaction of the Copyright: © 2021 Srivastava A, et al. Distributed nanoparticles with the bacterial cell surface and the resultant changes also been highlighted.
    [Show full text]
  • Zno Nano-Particles Production Intensification by Means of A
    nanomaterials Article ZnO Nano-Particles Production Intensification by Means of a Spinning Disk Reactor Marco Stoller 1,* and Javier Miguel Ochando-Pulido 2 1 Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00136 Rome, Italy 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Granada University, 18071 Granada, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 9 May 2020; Accepted: 15 June 2020; Published: 5 July 2020 Abstract: Zinc Oxide is widely used in many industrial sectors, ranging from photocatalysis, rubber, ceramic, medicine, and pigment, to food and cream additive. The global market is estimated to be USD 3600M yearly, with a global production of 10 Mt. In novel applications, size and shape may sensibly increase the efficiency and a new nano-ZnO market is taking the lead (USD 2000M yearly with a capacity of 1 Mt and an expected Compound Annual Growth Rate of 20%/year). The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of producing zinc oxide nanoparticles by means of a spinning disk reactor (SDR). A lab-scale spinning disk reactor, previously used to produce other nanomaterials such as hydroxyapatite or titania, has been investigated with the aim of producing needle-shaped zinc oxide nanoparticles. At nanoscale and with this shape, the zinc oxide particles exhibit their greatest photoactivity and active area, both increasing the efficiency of photocatalysis and ultraviolet (UV) absorbance. Working at different operating conditions, such as at different disk rotational velocity, inlet distance from the disk center, initial concentration of Zn precursor and base solution, and inlet reagent solution flowrate, in certain conditions, a unimodal size distribution and an average dimension of approximately 56 nm was obtained.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiscale Optoelectronic Properties of Nanostructured Zinc Oxide Ultraviolet Photodetectors
    Multiscale Optoelectronic Properties of Nanostructured Zinc Oxide Ultraviolet Photodetectors By Brent K. Cook Submitted to the Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Judy Wu ________________________________ Dr. Hui Zhao ________________________________ Dr. Wai-Lun Chan Date Defended: 5 May 2017 The Thesis Committee for Brent K. Cook certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Multiscale Properties of Nanostructured Zinc Oxide Ultraviolet Photodetectors ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Judy Wu Date approved: 5 May 2017 ii Abstract Zinc oxide nanostructures, such as ZnO nanowires (NWs) and quantum dots (QDs) were fabricated via solution routes and incorporated with graphene to form high-performance ZnO/graphene nanohybrid ultraviolet optoelectronic devices. Structures such as vertically aligned ZnO-NWs/graphene heterojunction nanohybrids combine the superior sensitivity of crystalline ZnO-NWs with high charge mobility of graphene, allowing high device performance surpassing their conventional counterparts’. Controlling the ZnO nanostructure morphology and its interface with graphene is important to optimization of the optoelectronic processes including exciton dissociation, charge transfer and transport, which in turn affects the ZnO/graphene nanohybrids device performance. This thesis explored two types of ZnO/graphene nanohybrids: one with vertically aligned ZnO-NWs grown directly on graphene and the other, with porous ZnO printed on graphene. In the former, we have found that a ZnO seed layer facilitates growth of a dense array ZnO-NWs of radii approaching the Debye length (~20 nm) that is desired for optimal surface electron depletion effect.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Sesbania Grandiflora Leaf Extract As Reducing Agent
    Hindawi Journal of Nanoscience Volume 2017, Article ID 8348507, 7 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8348507 Research Article Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Sesbania grandiflora Leaf Extract as Reducing Agent Sorna Prema Rajendran and Kandasamy Sengodan Department of Food Technology, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai 638 052, India Correspondence should be addressed to Sorna Prema Rajendran; [email protected] Received 22 June 2016; Accepted 18 December 2016; Published 3 January 2017 Academic Editor: Sanjeeb K. Sahoo Copyright © 2017 S. P. Rajendran and K. Sengodan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The objectives of this present study are to synthesize iron oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles from different concentrations of Sesbania grandiflora leaf extract (5–20%) using zinc nitrate and ferrous chloride as precursor materials and synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectrometer, FTIR, X-ray diffraction, and SEM. The results showed that synthesized zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited UV-visible absorption peaks at 235 nm and 220 nm, respectively, which indicated that both nanoparticles were photosensitive and the XRD study confirmed that both nanoparticles were crystalline in nature. In addition, FTIR was also used to analyze the various functional groups present in the synthesized nanoparticles. The SEM results reveal that zinc oxide nanoparticles were spherical in shape and having the particle size range of 15 to 35 nm whereas the iron oxide nanoparticles were nonspherical in shape with the size range of 25 to 60 nm.
    [Show full text]
  • The Physicochemical Properties and Cellular Toxicity Of
    THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND CELLULAR TOXICITY OF VARIABLY SYNTHESIZED ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES By Catherine Binns Anders A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biomolecular Sciences Boise State University December 2017 ©2017 Catherine Binns Anders ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COLLEGE DEFENSE COMMITTEE AND FINAL READING APPROVALS of the dissertation submitted by Catherine Binns Anders Dissertation Title: The Physicochemical Properties and Cellular Toxicity of Variably Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Date of Final Oral Examination: 08 December 2017 The following individuals read and discussed the dissertation submitted by student Catherine Binns Anders, and they evaluated her presentation and response to questions during the oral examination. They found the student passed the oral examination. Denise G. Wingett, Ph.D. Chair, Supervisory Committee Daniel Fologea, Ph.D. Member, Supervisory Committee Matthew L. Ferguson, Ph.D. Member, Supervisory Committee Dmitri Tenne, Ph.D. Member, Supervisory Committee Sam Lohse, Ph.D. External Examiner The final reading approval of the dissertation was granted by Denise G. Wingett, Ph.D., Chair, Supervisory Committee. The dissertation was approved by the Graduate College. DEDICATION I dedicate this in memory of Dr. Alex Punnoose. You were an incredible mentor, a gifted scientist, and an uncommonly kind and genuine person. The world is a better place because of you. vi ACKNOWLEGEMENTS This endeavor would never have been possible without the support of a multitude of people. First, I would like to thank Dr. Denise Wingett for her unending support and for being the best mentor a student could ever ask for.
    [Show full text]
  • Sol-Gel Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle at Three Different Temperatures and Its Characterization Via XRD, IR and EPR
    Sol-gel synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticle at three different temperatures and its characterization via XRD, IR and EPR Manuel Acosta-Humánez a, Luis Montes-Vides b & Ovidio Almanza-Montero c* a Departamento de Física. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá. Colombia. [email protected] bDepartamento de Geociencias. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá. Colombia. [email protected] cDepartamento de Física. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá. Colombia. [email protected] Received: May 25th, 2015. Received in revised form: September 11th, 2015. Accepted: September 21th, 2015. Abstract In this work, nanoparticles of zinc oxide were synthesized; they were formed using the sol-gel method (citrate route) at calcination temperatures (Tc) of 500, 550 and 600 °C. For all samples studied, IR spectroscopy showed the presence of the bands associated with water molecules present in the zinc oxide and carbon dioxide adsorbed on its surface. The formation of zinc oxide phase was confirmed by XRD, which showed that from 500 ºC it had this type of Wurtzite structure. However, samples calcinated at 600 ºC have higher crystallinity. Crystallite size was calculated using the Scherrer equation. The Rietveld method was used to obtain lattice parameters a and c for Wurtzite cell types as well as cell volume and the ratio c/a of each sample. These parameters do not show significant changes when they are compared with values obtained from samples with different calcination temperatures. Electron paramagnetic resonance showed the presence of defects in the zinc oxide. Three signals with g values of 1.96, 2.00 and 2.04 were associated with oxygen and zinc vacancies.
    [Show full text]
  • (Bio)Polymer/Zno Nanocomposites for Packaging Applications: a Review of Gas Barrier and Mechanical Properties
    nanomaterials Review (Bio)polymer/ZnO Nanocomposites for Packaging Applications: A Review of Gas Barrier and Mechanical Properties Mohsin Abbas 1,*, Mieke Buntinx 1 , Wim Deferme 2,3 and Roos Peeters 1 1 Packaging Technology Center, IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 27, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; [email protected] (M.A.); [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (R.P.) 2 Functional Materials Engineering Group, IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; [email protected] 3 IMEC vzw-Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 5 September 2019; Accepted: 15 October 2019; Published: 19 October 2019 Abstract: Nanotechnology is playing a pivotal role in improving quality of life due to its versatile applications in many areas of research. In this regard, nanoparticles have gained significant importance. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) amongst other nanoparticles are being used in producing nanocomposites. Methods like solvent casting, solution casting, solvent volatilization, twin-screw extrusion, melt compounding and extrusion blow molding have been applied to produce ZnO NPs based (bio)polymer composites. These composites are of great interest in the research area of food packaging materials due to their improved multifunctional characteristics like their mechanical, barrier and antimicrobial properties. This paper gives an overview of the main methods to synthesize ZnO NPs, methods to incorporate ZnO NPs in (bio)polymers, and finally, the gas barrier and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. As a conclusion, a maximum decline in oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor permeability was reported as 66%, 17% and 38% respectively, while tensile strength and young’s modulus were observed to increase by 32% and 57% respectively, for different (bio)polymer/ZnO nanocomposites.
    [Show full text]
  • Production and Characterization of Superhydrophobic And
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Production and Characterization of Superhydrophobic and Antibacterial Coated Fabrics Received: 3 July 2017 Accepted: 21 February 2018 Utilizing ZnO Nanocatalyst Published: xx xx xxxx Mohamed Shaban 1, Fatma Mohamed1,2 & Semsem Abdallah1,2 Dirt and microorganisms are the major problems in textiles which can generate unpleasant odor during their growth. Here, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method were loaded on the cotton fabrics using spin coating technique to enhance their antimicrobial properties and water repellency. The efects of ZnO precursor concentration, precursor solution pH, number of coating runs, and Mg doping percent on the structures, morphologies, and water contact angles (WCA) of the ZnO- coated fabrics were addressed. At 0.5 M concentration and pH7, more homogeneous and smaller ZnO nanoparticles were grown along the preferred (0 0 2) direction and uniformly distributed on the fabric with a crystallite size 17.98 nm and dislocation density 3.09 × 10−3 dislocation/nm2. The substitution of Zn2+ with Mg2+ ions slightly shifted the (002) peak position to a higher angle. Also, the zeta potential and particle size distribution were measured for ZnO nanoparticle suspension. A superhydrophobic WCA = 154° was measured for the fabric that coated at 0.5 M precursor solution, pH 7, 20 runs and 0% Mg doping. Moreover, the antibacterial activities of the ZnO-coated fabric were investigated against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis. For textile industry, there are growing attempts to develop textile materials with more proper properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Review on the Safety of Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Sunscreens Scientific Review Report
    Literature Review on the safety of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreens Scientific review report Version 1.1, August 2016 Therapeutic Goods Administration Copyright © Commonwealth of Australia 2016 This work is copyright. You may reproduce the whole or part of this work in unaltered form for your own personal use or, if you are part of an organisation, for internal use within your organisation, but only if you or your organisation do not use the reproduction for any commercial purpose and retain this copyright notice and all disclaimer notices as part of that reproduction. Apart from rights to use as permitted by the Copyright Act 1968 or allowed by this copyright notice, all other rights are reserved and you are not allowed to reproduce the whole or any part of this work in any way (electronic or otherwise) without first being given specific written permission from the Commonwealth to do so. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights are to be sent to the TGA Copyright Officer, Therapeutic Goods Administration, PO Box 100, Woden ACT 2606 or emailed to <[email protected]>. Literature Review on the safety of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreens Page 2 of 24 V1.1 August 2016 Therapeutic Goods Administration Contents Summary _____________________________________ 4 1. Introduction _________________________________ 4 2. Nanoparticle characteristics ___________________ 5 3. Dermal exposure _____________________________ 5 3.1 Skin irritation/sensitisation ______________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Subchronic Effects of Different Doses of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle on Reproductive Organs of Female Rats: an Experimental Study,” Int J Reprod Biomed 2019; 17: 107–118
    International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine Volume 17, Issue no. 2, DOI 10.18502/ijrm.v17i2.3988 Production and Hosting by Knowledge E Research Article Subchronic effects of different doses of Zinc oxide nanoparticle on reproductive organs of female rats: An experimental study Seyed Mohammad Hosseini1 Ph.D., Amir Hossein Moshrefi2 DVM, Reza Amani2 DVM, Seyed Vahid Razavimehr2 DVM, Mohammad Hasan Aghajanikhah2 DVM, Zahra Sokouti3 M.Sc., Behnam Babaei Holari2 DVM 1Department of Pathology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran. 2Young Researchers and Elite Club, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran. 3Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran. Abstract Background: Zinc performs many biochemical and physiological functions; however, toxicological studies demonstrate that Nano-zinc oxide has harmful effects on human health and environmental species in high concentrations. Corresponding Author: Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of zinc oxide Seyed Mohammad Hosseini; nanoparticles on reproductive tissues of female rat. email: Materials and Methods: Eighty female Wistar adult rats weighing 180–200 gr, divided [email protected] Tel: +989122316192 into eight groups (n= 10 in each group) including control, sham (treated with saline), Postal Code: 4747137381 and six groups injected with different doses of zinc oxide nanoparticle with 10–30 nanometer size (4, 8, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) twice a week for four weeks. At Received 12 March 2018 the end of the study, the rats were bled and slaughtered; the Ovary and Uterus were Revised 10 June 2018 taken for histopathology studies and blood samples were transferred to the laboratory Accepted 12 September 2018 for biochemical analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparation and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Sambucus Ebulus
    applied sciences Article Preparation and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Sambucus ebulus Sanaz Alamdari 1,* , Morteza Sasani Ghamsari 2 , Chan Lee 3, Wooje Han 3, Hyung-Ho Park 3,* , Majid Jafar Tafreshi 4, Hosein Afarideh 5 and Mohammad Hosein Majles Ara 6 1 Faculty of Physics, Semnan University, P.O. Box 35195-363, Semnan, Iran 2 Photonics & Quantum Technologies Research School, Nuclear Science, and Technology Research Institute, Tehran 11155-3486, Iran; [email protected] 3 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (W.H.) 4 Department of Physics, Semnan University, P.O. Box 35195-363, Semnan, Iran; [email protected] 5 Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran; [email protected] 6 Applied Science Research Center(ASRC), Kharazmi University, Tehran 31979-37551, Iran; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (H.-H.P); Tel.: +98-31533221 (S.A.); +82-21232853 (H.-H.P); Fax: +98-23-33654081 (S.A.); +82-2-3125375 (H.-H.P.) Received: 26 March 2020; Accepted: 19 May 2020; Published: 23 May 2020 Abstract: Plants are one of the best sources to obtain a variety of natural surfactants in the field of green synthesizing material. Sambucus ebulus, which has unique natural properties, has been considered a promising material in traditional Asian medicine. In this context, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were prepared using S.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental and Physico-Chemical Comparison of Zno Nanoparticles’ Activity for Photocatalytic Applications in Wastewater Treatment
    catalysts Article Experimental and Physico-Chemical Comparison of ZnO Nanoparticles’ Activity for Photocatalytic Applications in Wastewater Treatment Stefano Alberti * , Irene Basciu, Marco Vocciante and Maurizio Ferretti Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy; [email protected] (I.B.); [email protected] (M.V.); [email protected] (M.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-010-3358737 Abstract: In this contribution, the photoactivity upon activation by simulated sunlight of zinc oxide (ZnO) obtained from two different synthetic pathways (Acetate and Nitrate) is investigated for water purification. Different reagents and processes were exploited to obtain ZnO nanoparticles. Products have been characterized by means of X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy along with Energy Dispersive Spectrometer, Dynamic Light Scattering, and Diffuse Reflectance Measurements, to highlight the different outcomes ascribable to each synthesis. A comparison of characteristics and performances was also carried out with respect to commercial ZnO. Nanoparticles of this semiconductor can be obtained as aggregates with different degrees of purity, porosity, and shape, and their physical-chemical properties have been addressed to the specific use in wastewater treatment, testing their effectiveness on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) Citation: Alberti, S.; Basciu, I.; as a model pollutant. Excluding the commercial sample, experimental results evidenced a better Vocciante, M.; Ferretti, M. photocatalytic behavior for the ZnO Nitrate sample annealed at 500 ◦C, which was found to be Experimental and Physico-Chemical pure and stable in water, suggesting that ZnO could be effectively exploited as a heterogeneous Comparison of ZnO Nanoparticles’ Activity for Photocatalytic photocatalyst for the degradation of emerging pollutants in water, provided that thermal treatment is Applications in Wastewater included in the synthetic process.
    [Show full text]