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Flora of Micronesia, 2: Casuarinaceae, Piperaceae, and Myricaceae

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Flora of Micronesia, 2: Casuarinaceae, Piperaceae, and Myricaceae SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY NUMBER 24 Flora of Micronesia, 2: Casuarinaceae, Piperaceae, and Myricaceae F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie- Helene Sachet SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1975 ABSTRACT Fosberg, F. Raymond, and Marie-Helene Sachet. Flora of Micronesia, 2: Casuari- naceae, Piperaceae, Myricaceae. Smitltsonian Contributions to Botany, number 24, 28 pages, 1 figure, 1975.-The second installment of the Flora of Micronesia gives systematic treatments, including descriptions, synonymy, pertinent literature references, keys, ethnobotany, citations, geographic records, and specimens ex- amined, of the families Casuarinaceae, Piperaceae, and Myricaceae. OFFICIALPUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report: Smilhsonian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER 5266. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicurn Siebold and Zuccarini. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Fosberg, Francis Raymond, 1908- Flora of Micronesia. (Smithsonian contributions to botany, no. 20, 24 Bibliography: v. 1, p. v. 2, p. Supt. of Docs. no.: SI 1.29:ZO Contents: 1. Gymnospermae. 2. Casuarinaceae, Piperaceae, and Myricaceae. 1. Botany-Micronesia, 2. Ethnobotany-Micronesia. I. Sachet, Marie-Helene, joint author. 11. Title. 111. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to botany, no. 20 [etc.] QKl.SZ747 no. 20, etc. [QK473.M5] 581'.08s [581.9'96'5] 74-11316 Contents Page Introduction .............................................. 1 Casuarinaceae .............................................. 1 Casuarina L. ................................................. 1 Piperaceae ................................................... 6 Peperomia Ruiz & Pav6n ................................. 6 Piper L. .............................................. 16 Synonyms and Excluded or Misapplied Names ................... 26 Myricaceae .................................................... 27 Myrica L. ................................................... 27 Literature Cited ............................................... 27 Index ................................................... 28 ... 111 Flora of Micronesia, 2: Casuarinaceae, Piperaceae, and Myricaceae F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie-elee Sachet Introduction bols are only cited for sheets actually studied, not for sheets that are known to be in other herbaria This second installment of the Flora of Micro- but not examined in this study. nesia follows essentially the same format as the first installment (Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 20). Treated in this installment are the CASUARINACEAE families Casuarinaceae, with one genus and one Trees with cylindrical, articulate, striated green Micronesian species; Piperaceae, with 2 genera, 15 branchlets which serve as leaves; the true leaves re- native and 4 introduced species, including a num- duced to whorls of minute scales at the nodes; ber of minor taxa; and Myricaceae, with one intm flowers monoecious or dioecious, much reduced, duced genus and one species. without perianth, arranged in aments, wind polli- More complete bibliographic references may be nated, the staminate aments cylindric, articulate; found in Sachet and Fosberg, Island Bibliographies pistillate aments capitate, developing into woody (1955), and Supplement (1971), with a complete cone-like structures formed from thickened indurate list of serial abbreviations. floral bracts; fruit a samara with a single wing. For details of the history and circumstances of A family of a single genus (by some regarded as the present flora, as well as an explanation of its two), principally Australasian. scope and arrangement, reference may be made to the introductory pages of the first installment. It may be useful to restate here that in citations Casuarinu L. of specimens the collector and number are italicized if the specimen has been examined by the authors. Caruarina L., Diss. Stickman, 12, 1954 [as Casaarina, sphalm.]; Herbarium symbols are according to the 5th edition Amoen. Acad., 4:143, 1759. of Index Herbariorum (Lanjouw and Stafleu, 1964), with the additions: “UH” for University of Hawaii, Characters of the family. “UG” for University of Guam, and “Fo” for speci- A small genus, principally Australian, with sev- mens still in possession of the authors. Such sym- eral species in New Caledonia, New Guinea, and Malesia, one widespread in the Indo-Pacific region, including the high islands of Micronesia, and gen- F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie-Heleneee Sachet, Department erally introduced in the tropics and subtropics. of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smith- There has been much uncertainty about the sonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. validity of publication of this generic name by Lin- 1 r I I 1 I 130' 135O I 40° 145' I 50° 91 200 500 8 0 100 300 400 Statute Miles RYUKYU 1 I I I I fik inawa - jima BON IN Ha ha -j imd I s L A N DS "Dait6-jima KI ?a-lo-jlma. I SLANDS 2 8" Iwo Jima, VOLCANO ISLANDS c / / ,:< Parece Vela *Urocar 200 :r$Iaug I Asuncion I f I f Saipon 15' I Tin 1 a ">kg a PHILIPPINE I #Rota #Guam ISLANDS I \ 'Santa Rosa Reef isamor I I .LU li t h i I YAR "'Fais Gaferui & I Mindonao I I s\p' I '50 I I -- -- cs d-- -- IE7. - MOLUCCAS Qrng@Q NEW GUINEA -50 130' 1 I I I k5O I600 165' I700 I750 I800 0' 30' FIGURE1.-Micronesia. 250 2 00. \ IF Wake '1 J \ I5O, 18 Po ka k I I I I I I 100. I I I I I 50. I Marakei A ba iang y'Taf a a I ISLANDS M~ iana :Ka pingamarangi t; I K r a.+,:i..:vr A bern a ma .Nauru Aranu ka I 00. No n ou t i?, Banah. Beru (Ocean) Tabiteued4 '1 ---- --- Onotoa" Nikunaul --z- Tamana' AAroroi -z , -- 5-- --d SOLOMON E LLlCE 50. ISLANDS 165O 170' 17507 .ir 180' I I I +' I 4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY naeus, as it is not accompanied by a description. Indo-Pacific region from East Africa to the So- However, under the International Code, the refer- ciety and Marquesas Islands, north to the Bonins ence to an earlier description and plate of the (probably introduced) and Ryukyus. In Micronesia type-species by Rumphius (1 743: 86, pl. 57) serves in the Marianas: Maug, Agrigan, Pagan, Alamagan, to validate it, since it was a monotypic genus as Anatahan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota, Guam. Carolines: treated by Linnaeus. The same application of Arti- Palau, Mapia, Yap, Namonuito, Truk, Satawan, cle 42 of the International Code of Botanical Ponape, Mokil. Marshalls: Kwajalein, Likiep, Nomenclature makes it necessary to accept the Jaluit. Nauru. Gilberts: Butaritari, Tarawa. In the binomial Casuarina Zitorea in place of the widely atolls and probably Nauru it is regarded as intro- familiar C. equisetifolia. This situation will be dis- duced. What was probably this species was reported cussed at length in another paper. from Tinian as “Red-Wood-Tree” or “Iron Wood” by Thomas (1745:168), who visited the island with Casuarina litorea L. Anson in 1742. Found on strands, cliffs, and other open habitats, Casuarina litoren [Rumphius] L., Diss. Stickman, 12, 1754 [as becoming established as a pioneer on mineral soil, Casuarina litorea, sphalm.] [type Rumphius, vol. 3, pl. 571. either of limestone or volcanic origin, or even on equisetifolia L., Amoen. Acad., 4:143, 1759 [as Casuarina fresh lava or voIcanic ash, apparently able to in- equisejolia, sphalm.1.-Thomas, Jour. Voy. South Seas 168, 1745.-Chamisso, Remarks and Opinions, 77, 1821.-Miquel vade grassland, persisting for a long time in forests in de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2) :339, 1868.-Kubary, Ethn. but not invading closed woody vegetation. Under Beitr. Kenntn. Karol. Arch., 101-102, 1895.-Schumann and a stand of Casuarina, in relatively dry or well- Lauterbach, F1. Deutsche Schutzg. Suds., 254, 1901.-Fritz, drained areas, few plants of any kind become estab- Mitt. Deutsch. Schutzg., 15:96-118, 1902.--Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:220, 1905.-von Prowazek, Deutschen lished, apparently because of the thick accumulation Marianen, 115, 1913.-Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:71, of fallen branchlets or “needles”; but in wetter 1914.4orte [transl.], Guam Recorder, 3:158, 330, 1926 areas these decompose more rapidly and many [repr. 19721.-Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 45:274, 1931; F1. plants grow in the resulting humus layers. Char- Micr., 80, 1933.-U.S.D.A., Ann. Rept. Guam Agr. Expt. acteristic complex-branching nodules on the Casu- Sta., 1932:17, 1933.-Hosokawa, Kudoa, 2: 107-1 13, 1934.- ILanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 303, 1935.-Okabe, Jour. arina roots are apparently related to the Anthrop. SOC.Nippon, 56:423, 1941; Nankyo, 2:18, 1943.- demonstrated nitrogen-fixing ability of the genus. Okabe, Settai Sangyo Kenkyu.sho iho, 5:2, 1940.-Tuyama, On Guam, when the savannas are protected from Kagaku Nanyo, 4:16, 1941.-Bryan, Plants of Guam fire, they tend to grow up to Casuarina forests. [unpub,. 1946?].-Thompson, Guam and Its People, ed. 3, USES.-The wood is heavy, strong and very hard, 200, 1947.-Burcham, Contr. US. Nat. Herb., 30:430, 1948.- Guillaumin, Bull. SOC.Bot. France, 99:39, 1952.-Glassman, but in Guam it is scarcely at all utilized as it is Bishop Mus. Bull., 209:79, 1952.-Glassman, Pac. Sci., 7:295, hard to work (Safford, 1905). Used for abortions 1953.-Catala, Atoll Res. Bull., 59:88, 1957.-Stone, Pac. Sci., (Thompson, 1947:ZOO). “Roots are used in a 13:100, 1959.-Fosberg, Atoll Res. Bull., 67:11, 1959.- medicinal tea. Roots and trunk (?) ‘without bark’ Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull., 92: 14, 1962.--U‘hiting, are used in a douche, reputedly as an abortifacient. m.s.,
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