Wind Energy Consultancy Update of Wind Energy Landscape Capacity and Cumulative Impact Study
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Wind Energy Consultancy Update of Wind Energy Landscape Capacity and Cumulative Impact Study IronsideFarrar 111 McDonald Road Edinburgh EH7 4NW November 2016 8558 Scottish Borders Council Update of Wind Energy Landscape Capacity and Cumulative Impact Study __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.2.1 Landscape Context 11 CONTENTS Page No 3.2.2 Landscape Character 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3.3 Landscape Designations 12 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 3.3.1 National Designations 12 1.1 Background 1 3.3.2 National Scenic Areas 12 1.2 Consultancy Appointment 2 3.3.3 Local Landscape Designations 12 1.3 National and Local Policy 2 3.3.4 Historic Gardens and Designed Landscapes 13 1.4 The Capacity Study 2 3.3.5 Wild Land Areas 13 1.5 Landscape Capacity and Cumulative Impacts 3 3.4 Other Designations 13 2.0 CUMULATIVE IMPACT AND CAPACITY ASSESSMENT METHOD 5 3.4.1 Countryside Around Towns 13 2.1 Purpose of Assessment 5 3.4.2 Regional Park 13 2.2 Study Stages 5 3.4.3 Historic and Cultural Designations 13 2.3 Scope of Assessment 6 3.4.4 Nature Conservation Designations 14 2.3.1 Area Covered 6 3.5 MOD Eskdalemuir Seismological Array 14 2.3.2 Wind Energy Development Types 6 4.0 VISUAL BASELINE 15 2.3.3 Use of Geographical Information Systems 6 4.1 Visual Receptors 15 2.4 Landscape and Visual Baseline 6 4.2 Visibility Analysis 15 2.5 Method for Determining Landscape Sensitivity and Capacity 6 4.2.1 Settlements 15 2.6 Defining Landscape Change and Cumulative Capacity 7 4.2.2 Routes 15 2.6.1 Cumulative Change 7 4.2.3 Viewpoints 16 2.6.2 Determining Acceptable Levels of Change 8 4.2.4 Analysis of Visibility 16 2.7 How to Use the Assessment Findings and Guidance 8 5.0 WIND TURBINES IN THE STUDY AREA 17 2.8 Detailed Guidance 9 5.1 Turbine Numbers and Distribution 17 2.9 Potential Opportunities and Constraints 9 5.2.1 Operating and Consented Wind Turbines 17 3.0 LANDSCAPE BASELINE 11 5.2.2 Proposed Windfarms 18 3.1 Study Area 11 5.3 Landscape Character of Turbine Locations 18 3.2 Baseline Landscape Character Assessment 11 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IronsideFarrar Contents 8558 / Nov 2016 Scottish Borders Council Update of Wind Energy Landscape Capacity and Cumulative Impact Study __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.0 ASSESSMENT OF LANDSCAPE CAPACITY AND CUMULATIVE CHANGE 21 REFERENCES 74 6.1 Assessment Purpose and Process 21 TABLES 6.2 Guidance 21 2.1 Turbine Size Categories 6 2.2 Description of Levels of Cumulative Wind Turbine Development 8 6.2.1 Turbine Size 22 3.1 Landscape Character Areas in Scottish Borders 12 6.2.2 Turbine Group Size 22 6.1 (i) – (vi) Summary of Landscape Capacity, Cumulative Effects and Guidance for 6.2.3 Separation between Turbine Groups 22 Future Wind Energy Development 27 - 61 6.2 Description and Guidance for Areas of Significant Cumulative Development 70 6.2.4 Other Factors which Influence Guidance 23 6.3 Landscape Capacity and Cumulative Development 62 6.3.1 Landscape Character, Sensitivity and Capacity 62 6.3.2 Midland Valley: Summary of Capacity and Cumulative Development 62 6.3.3 Lammermuir and Moorfoot Hills: Summary of Capacity and Cumulative Development 62 6.3.4 Central Southern Uplands Summary of Capacity and Cumulative Development. 64 6.3.5 Cheviot Hills: Summary of Capacity and Cumulative Development 65 6.3.6 Tweed Lowlands: Summary of Capacity and Cumulative Development 66 6.3.7 Coastal Zone: Summary of Capacity and Cumulative Development 66 6.4 Overall Assessment of Capacity and Cumulative Development 67 6.4.1 Scottish Borders Summary: Landscape Character, Sensitivity and Capacity 67 6.4.1 Areas with Highest Underlying Capacity. 67 6.4.2 Areas with Limited Underlying Capacity 68 6.4.3 Areas with Very Limited or No Underlying Capacity 69 6.4.3 Areas of Significant Cumulative Development 69 6.5 Capacity for Further Development 72 6.5.1 Areas with Most Remaining Capacity 72 6.5.2 Areas with Limited Remaining Capacity 72 6.5.3 Other Landscape Areas and Urban Areas 72 6.6 Existing Developments: Extensions and Repowering 72 6.7 Guidance for Single/Small Turbine Developments 73 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IronsideFarrar Contents 8558 / Nov 2016 Scottish Borders Council Update of Wind Energy Landscape Capacity and Cumulative Impact Study __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FIGURES 2.1 Cumulative Impact and Landscape Capacity Methodology Flowchart 3.1 Study Area 3.2 Topography 3.3 Regional Landscape Character Areas 3.4 Landscape Character Areas 3.5 Landscape Designations and Landscape Character Areas 3.6 Scottish Borders Relative Wildness Mapping 3.7 Natural & Cultural Heritage Designations 3.8 MOD EKA Seismological Array 4.1 Transport Routes, Settlements and Viewpoints 4.2 Tourism Infrastructure 4.3 (a-e) Visibility from Settlements 4.4 (a-e) Visibility from Routes 4.5 (a-e) Visibility from Viewpoints 5.1 Existing, Consented & Proposed Wind Turbines in Scottish Borders 5.2 Existing, Consented & Proposed Wind Turbines in Study Area 6.1 (a-e) Landscape Capacity 6.2 Current Wind Turbine Landscape Typology: Operational and Consented Wind Turbines 6.3 Wind Turbine Landscape Typology: Proposed Maximum Development Capacity 6.4 Wind Turbine Development Opportunities and Constraints APPENDICES Appendix 1: Current Policy and Guidance for Onshore Wind Energy Appendix 2: Cumulative Impact and Landscape Capacity Assessment Methodology Appendix 3: Visibility Analysis (Figures 4.3 to 4.5) Appendix 4: Factors Affecting Landscape and Visual Effects of Wind Turbines Appendix 5: Wind Turbines in Scottish Borders Appendix 6: Assessment of Landscape Capacity for Landscape Character Types __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IronsideFarrar Contents 8558 / Nov 2016 Scottish Borders Council Update of Wind Energy Landscape Capacity and Cumulative Impact Study __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IronsideFarrar Contents 8558 / Nov 2016 Scottish Borders Council Update of Wind Energy Landscape Capacity and Cumulative Impact Study __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Identifying areas most suitable for wind energy development and areas which are less suitable. Study Purpose and Objectives Identifying where remaining capacity for development lies The purpose of this study is to provide detailed technical assessment and guidance on landscape, visual and cumulative development matters for Scottish Borders’ Wind This strategic-level study is based on the premise that, given current renewable energy Energy Supplementary Guidance; part of the Borders Local Development Plan. This targets, there will be a need to both acknowledge and manage future landscape change study follows on from the Wind Energy Consultancy study of July 2013 which provided and effects on visual amenity resulting from wind energy development, and to identify detailed information on landscape and visual; economic and public opinion matters. where change is acceptable and where it is not acceptable. In applying the assessment Specifically, it updates the landscape, visual and cumulative situation in the context of process, the study has addressed a number of concepts and issues that affect the current wind energy development and changes to Scottish Planning Policy in 2014. perceived significance and acceptability of cumulative changes caused by multiple wind energy developments in the landscape. The main objectives of the study brief are: Landscape Character Updating the study to take cognisance of turbines approvals since January 2013, adopting new turbine size typology ranges as follows: 15m –<35m, 35m –<50m, Scottish Borders covers a large area of south east Scotland to the south of Edinburgh. At 50m –<80m, 80m –<120m, 120m+ to allow more detailed consideration of greater its core is a series of river valleys, including the River Tweed, flowing eastwards into a turbine heights which are becoming more prevalent. broad undulating lowland area that has the Lammermuir and Moorfoot Hills to the north Inclusion of a “How to Use this Guidance” at the front as a simple to follow guide of and northwest, the Central Southern Uplands to the west and south