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Mapping Greece's Network Infrastructure

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Mapping Greece's Network Infrastructure Mapping Greece’s Network Infrastructure Student Name: Xenakis Konstantinos SID: 3301130018 SCHOOL OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science (MSc) in Information and Communication Systems NOVEMBER 2014 THESSALONIKI – GREECE i Mapping Greece’s Network Infrastructure Student Name: Xenakis Konstantinos SID: 330110018 Supervisor: Prof. Nick Savage Supervising Committee Mem- Assoc. Prof. Name Surname bers: Assist. Prof. Name Surname SCHOOL OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science (MSc) in Information and Communication Systems NOVEMBER 2014 THESSALONIKI – GREECE ii Abstract This dissertation was written as a part of the MSc in ICT Systems at the International Hellenic University. This dissertation tries and succeeds to map Greece’s ISP Network Infrastructure with the use of a script that executes numerous traceroutes to Greek IP ranges. The script was hosted in a Linux-Based server located in International Hellenic University’s Infrastructure and was scheduled to run every three minutes for a period of three weeks. During this period the script executed 17376 traceroutes and managed to discover 38 different ISPs both Greek and European and 983 routers in total. Also discovered rout- ers and their connections are visualized as shown in chapter 5. For the visualization of the collected data, Gephi Software and Google Maps were used. Through the visualiza- tion and the collected data, it becomes easier for the reader to understand how Greece’s Internet Topology is designed, the role Greece plays to the World Wide Web and the Redundancy of Greece’s Network Infrastructure. Finally, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Nick Savage for his excellent guidance, patience and for helping me to deepen into the do- main of ISPs topologies. Last, I would like to thank my mother. She was always supporting me and en- couraging me with her best wishes. This dissertation is dedicated to the memory of my beloved father Col. Georgios K Xenakis. Thank you for everything. Konstantinos G. Xenakis 22/11/14 iii Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ iii 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... - 1 - 2. Background-Literature Review ............................................................................................. - 7 - 2.1 Internet Topology ............................................................................................................ - 7 - 2.1.1 Inter-Domain Topology ............................................................................................ - 8 - 2.1.2 Point of Presence (POP Level) ................................................................................. - 8 - 2.1.3 Router level topology ............................................................................................... - 9 - 2.1.4 Internet Routing Policies ........................................................................................ - 11 - 2.2 BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) ................................................................................... - 11 - 2.3 EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) ................................................................................. - 13 - 3. Related Work ....................................................................................................................... - 15 - 3.1 Routeviews Archive ...................................................................................................... - 15 - 3.2 Traceroute ...................................................................................................................... - 16 - 3.2.1 How traceroute works ............................................................................................ - 16 - 3.3 Related Traceroute based studies .................................................................................. - 18 - 3.4 Rocketfuel ..................................................................................................................... - 18 - 3.4.1 Path Reductions ...................................................................................................... - 19 - 3.4.2 Ingress Reduction ................................................................................................... - 20 - 3.4.3 Egress Reduction .................................................................................................... - 20 - 3.4.4 Next Hop AS Reduction ......................................................................................... - 20 - 3.4.5 Alias Resolution ..................................................................................................... - 21 - 3.5 AROMA ........................................................................................................................ - 22 - 3.5.1 Selection of Targeted IP Addresses ........................................................................ - 22 - 3.5.2 Probing Servers Selection ...................................................................................... - 24 - 3.5.3 Probing ................................................................................................................... - 24 - 3.5.4 AROMA’s Alias Resolution .................................................................................. - 25 - 3.6 Summary ....................................................................................................................... - 26 - 4. Methodology ....................................................................................................................... - 27 - 4.1 Traceroute ...................................................................................................................... - 27 - iv 4.1.1 Script ...................................................................................................................... - 28 - 4.2 Processing the data ........................................................................................................ - 29 - 4.3 Server ............................................................................................................................ - 30 - 4.4 Gephi ............................................................................................................................. - 31 - 4.4.1 Importing data ........................................................................................................ - 31 - 4.4 Autonomous Systems .................................................................................................... - 33 - 4.5 Geo Layout .................................................................................................................... - 34 - 4.6 Adding Map .................................................................................................................. - 36 - 4.7 Grouping ....................................................................................................................... - 38 - 5. Findings ............................................................................................................................... - 41 - 5.1 Internet Exchange Service ............................................................................................. - 41 - 5.2 Routers in numbers ....................................................................................................... - 43 - 5.3 Connectivity .................................................................................................................. - 44 - 5.4 Backbone Topologies .................................................................................................... - 45 - 5.5 POP findings ................................................................................................................. - 47 - 5.5.1 Summary ................................................................................................................ - 49 - 5.6 Router Findings ............................................................................................................. - 50 - 5.7 Redundancy ................................................................................................................... - 50 - 5.7.1 OTE SA Network ................................................................................................... - 50 - 5.7.2 GRNET Network Topology ................................................................................... - 52 - 5.7.3 Summary ................................................................................................................ - 54 - 5.8 Traffic Crossroad .......................................................................................................... - 55 - 6. Conclusions and future works ............................................................................................. - 57 - 6.1 Conclusions ................................................................................................................... - 57 - 6.1.1 Gathering of data .................................................................................................... - 57 - 6.1.2 Processing the data ................................................................................................. - 57 - 6.1.3 Visualization of data .............................................................................................
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