DOCSLIB.ORG

Learner Guide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Learner Guide HLTAID001 Provide Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation HLTAID003 LearnerProvide first aid Guide HLTAID004 Provide an emergency first aid response in an education and care setting Version: 1.1 – October 2017 page 2 of 110 C O N T E N T S General Infor mat ion Welcome / Assessments ........................................................................................... Page 5 Background information prior to attending a course / Pre-reading ………..........Page 6 Provide Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation What is CPR / Consent / The Wrongs Act ...............................................................Page 7 Duty of Care / Codes of Practice ............................................................................Page 8 Ministerial Order 706 / Record Keeping ............................................................... Page 10 Legal and ethical Issues .......................................................................................... Page 11 Basic Human Anatomy............................................................................................ Page 13 Child psychological and anatomical / physiological considerations ........... Page 17 Infection Control....................................................................................................... Page 21 Barriers / Needle Stick Injuries ................................................................................. Page 22 First Aider Characteristics ........................................................................................ Page 23 Safe Manual Handling / Basic First Aid Kit............................................................ Page 24 Caring for the Unconscious .................................................................................... Page 25 Recovery Position ..................................................................................................... Page 26 Cardiac anatomy / physiology ............................................................................. Page 28 The Chain of Survival................................................................................................ Page 31 Basic Life Support Chart (CPR)............................................................................... Page 33 Basic Life Support (CPR) .......................................................................................... Page 34 Defibrillation (AED) ................................................................................................... Page 38 Post Incident Debriefing.......................................................................................... Page 43 Provide Basic Emergency Life Support Choking – Adult & Child .......................................................................................... Page 45 Shock .......................................................................................................................... Page 47 Bleeding ..................................................................................................................... Page 48 Asthma ....................................................................................................................... Page 53 Cardiac Problems..................................................................................................... Page 54 Angina ........................................................................................................................ Page 55 Anaphylaxis ............................................................................................................... Page 56 page 3 of 110 Provide First Ai d Provide an emergency first aid response in an education and care setting Human Brain .............................................................................................................. Page 63 Alcohol and illicit drugs ........................................................................................... Page 66 Projectile Objects ..................................................................................................... Page 68 Demonstrating appropriate treatment of a casualty ....................................... Page 69 Chemical exposure (Oleoresin Spray) Capsicum Spray .................................. Page 70 Positional Asphyxia ................................................................................................... Page 71 Fainting ....................................................................................................................... Page 72 Stroke .......................................................................................................................... Page 73 Seizures ....................................................................................................................... Page 75 Diabetes ..................................................................................................................... Page 77 Head Injuries .............................................................................................................. Page 79 Spinal Injuries ............................................................................................................. Page 80 Crush Injuries .............................................................................................................. Page 82 Abdominal Injuries .................................................................................................... Page 83 Poisoning .................................................................................................................... Page 84 Body Temperature.................................................................................................... Page 86 Heat Exposure ........................................................................................................... Page 87 Cold Exposure ........................................................................................................... Page 89 Respiratory Distress ................................................................................................... Page 90 Drowning .................................................................................................................... Page 90 The Musculoskeletal System ................................................................................... Page 91 Fractures..................................................................................................................... Page 92 Sprains & Strains ........................................................................................................ Page 95 Dislocations................................................................................................................ Page 97 Bites & Stings .............................................................................................................. Page 98 Pressure-immobilisation technique ..................................................................... Page 102 Skin............................................................................................................................. Page 103 Lymphatic System .................................................................................................. Page 104 Burns .......................................................................................................................... Page 105 Wound Management............................................................................................ Page 108 References............................................................................................................... Page 110 page 4 of 110 This workbook has been designed to assist you in developing your knowledge and skills that are required to provide Emergency Life Support to a casualty in the event of an emergency. Our trainers will ensure that your course is interesting, and relevant to the needs of your workplace, or your situation. All our trainers are fully qualified and experienced health care professionals, who have recent work experience within the health industry. Our trainers all hold Certificate IV in Training & Assessment, along with other qualifications relevant to the provision of First Aid. Reading of this workbook is a mandatory requirement prior to attending a first aid course, particularly if you have never held a first aid certificate previously, this book is an invaluable resource, be aware that you will be required to complete a mandatory pre- reading quiz at the course session, this quiz is based on information in this guide. Assessments To achieve competency in this unit of competency, you will be required to undertake a formal assessment that will look at your knowledge and skills. Your assessment will include • Short written test to validate your knowledge • Observation of first aid skills to validate your skills • Participation in scenarios All assessments will take place within the class times, and will follow the principles of assessment (valid, sufficient, current, authentic). As with all vocational training there is no such thing as PASS or FAIL so depending on your assessment you will be deemed as Competent or Not Yet Competent, should you be deemed not yet competent you will be given the opportunity to be re-assessed at no cost, should you require further training prior to re-assessment there may be a booking fee charged. Competent All students who are competent will receive a Nationally recognised Statement of Attainment. Not Yet Competent Achieving a Not Yet Competent result
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 22575VIC Course in Basic Oxygen Administration for First Aid
    22575VIC Course in Basic Oxygen Administration for First Aid This course has been accredited under Part 4.4 of the Education and Training Reform Act 2006 Version 1 Accredited for the period: 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2025 © State of Victoria (Department of Education and Training) 2021. Copyright of this material is reserved to the Crown in the right of the State of Victoria. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Australia licence (see Creative Commons for more information). You are free use, copy and distribute to anyone in its original form as long as you attribute Department of Education and Training as the author, and you license any derivative work you make available under the same licence. Disclaimer In compiling the information contained in and accessed through this resource, the Department of Education and Training (DET) has used its best endeavours to ensure that the information is correct and current at the time of publication but takes no responsibility for any error, omission or defect therein. To the extent permitted by law, DET, its employees, agents and consultants exclude all liability for any loss or damage (including indirect, special or consequential loss or damage) arising from the use of, or reliance on the information contained herein, whether caused or not by any negligent act or omission. If any law prohibits the exclusion of such liability, DET limits its liability to the extent permitted by law, for the resupply of the information. Third party sites This resource may contain links to third party websites and resources.
    [Show full text]
  • First Aid Management of Accidental Hypothermia and Cold Injuries - an Update of the Australian Resuscitation Council Guidelines
    First Aid Management of Accidental Hypothermia and Cold Injuries - an update of the Australian Resuscitation Council Guidelines Dr Rowena Christiansen ARC Representative Member Chair, Australian Ski Patrol Medical Advisory Committee All images are used solely for the purposes of education and information. Image credits may be found at the end of the presentation. 1 Affiliations • Medical Educator, University of Melbourne Medical • Chair, Associate Fellows Group, School Aerospace Medical Association • Director, Mars Society Australia • Board Member and SiG member, WADEM • Chair, Australian Ski Patrol Association Medical Advisory Committee • Inaugural Treasurer, Australasian Wilderness • Honorary Medical Officer, Mt Baw Baw Ski Patrol and Expedition Medicine Society (Victoria, Australia) • Member, Space Life Sciences Sub-Committee of • Representative Member, Australian Resuscitation Council the Australasian Society for Aerospace Medicine 2 Background • Australian Resuscitation Council (“ARC”) Guideline 9.3.3 “Hypothermia: First Aid Management” was published in February 2009; • Guideline 9.3.6 “Cold Injury” was published in March 2000; • A review of these Guidelines has been undertaken by the ARC First Aid task- force based on combination of a focused literature review and expert opinion (including from Australian surf life-saving and ski patrol organisations and the International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (the Medical Commission of the International Commission on Alpine Rescue - “ICAR MEDCOM”); and • It is intended to publish the revised Guidelines as a jointly-badged product of the Australian and New Zealand Committee on Resuscitation (“ANZCOR”). 3 Defining the scope of the Guidelines • The scope of practice: • The ‘pre-hospital’ or ‘out-of-hospital’ setting. • Who does this guideline apply to? • This guideline applies to adult and child victims.
    [Show full text]
  • The “Best” Way to Breath
    Journal of Lung, Pulmonary & Respiratory Research Case Report Open Access The “Best” way to breath Abstract Volume 2 Issue 2 - 2015 A “best” way to breath is described resulting from discovering a pre-Heimlich method Samuel A Nigro of preventing choking. Because of four episodes in three months of terrifying complete laryngospasm, the physician-patient-writer, consistent with many medical discoveries Retired, Assistant Clinical Professor Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, USA in history, discovered a method of aborting the episodes. Breathing has always been taken for granted as spontaneously and naturally most efficient. To the contrary, Correspondence: Samuel A Nigro, Retired, Assistant Clinical nasal breathing is best with first closing the mouth which enhances oxygenation and Professor Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School trans-laryngeal respiration. Physiologic aspects are reviewed including nasal and oral of Medicine, 2517 Guilford Road, Cleveland Heights, Ohio respiratory distinctions, laryngeal musculature and structures, diaphragm control and 44118, USA, Tel (216) 932-0575, Email [email protected] neuro-functional speculations. Proposed is the SAM: Shut your mouth, Air in nose, and then Mouth cough (or exhale). Benefits include prevention of choking making the Received: January 07, 2015 | Published: January 26, 2015 Heimlich unnecessary; more efficient clearing of the throat and coughs; improving oxygenation at molecular level of likely benefit for pre-cardiac or pre-stroke anoxic crises; improving exertion endurance; and offering a psycho physiologic method for emotional crises as panics, rages, and obsessive-compulsive impulses. This is a simple universal public health technique needing universal promulgation for the integration of care for all work forces and everyone else.
    [Show full text]
  • Cert Disaster Medical Operations Guidelines & Treatment Protocol
    WALNUT CREEK, CA COMMUNITY EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAMS (CERT) CERT DISASTER MEDICAL OPERATIONS GUIDELINES & TREATMENT PROTOCOL TRAINING MANUAL October, 2013 Walnut Creek Community Emergency Response Teams (CERT) Disaster Medical Operations Guidelines & Treatment Protocol Training Manual CERT Disaster Medical Operations (CERT MED OPS) Mission Statement Mission: To provide the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Following a major disaster, CERT volunteers will be called upon to Triage and provide basic first aid care to members of the community that sustain injury of all types and levels of severity. Policy: CERT Medical Operations will function and provide care consistent with national CERT Training guidelines. The CERT Volunteers will function within these guidelines. Structure: CERT Medical Operations (CERT MED OPS) reports to Operations Section. CERT MED OPS Volunteer Requirements CERT MED OPS volunteers will Triage and assess each victim, as needed, according to the RPM & Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) techniques that they learned during CERT training. They will treat airway obstruction, bleeding, and shock by using START techniques. They will treat the victims according to the CERT training guidelines and CERT skills limitations. CERT MED OPS volunteers will also evaluate each victim by conducting a Head-To-Toe Assessment, and perform basic first aid in a safe and sanitary manner. CERT MED OPS volunteers will ensure that victim care is documented so information can be communicated to advanced medical care when and as it becomes available. CERT MED OPS volunteers understand that CPR is not initiated in Disaster Medical Operations e.g., mass casualty disaster situations. The utmost of care and compassion will be undertaken with family members to assist them with their grieving process.
    [Show full text]
  • First Aid for Diving Emergencies.FH9
    First Aid for Diving Emergencies - Does the Diagnosis Matter? Dr Michael Davis, MD, FRCA, FANZCA, Dip DHM Medical Director, Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Christchurch Hospital Diving emergencies develop out of the blue according to Murphy's Law - when least expected and at the Figure 1. FIRST AID ALGORITHM worst possible moment. They are invariably the result of a chain reaction of circumstance that breaks This decision flow chart has been used in several versions by the author since 1978 for teaching diving through the loose-knit but nevertheless effective safeguards built into scuba diving, and are rarely caused first aid management. It was first published in the South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal by any one factor alone. 1981; 11 (Suppl): 63-67. This is a harrowing moment for a group of divers faced with sudden chaos and a motley of non-specific symptoms and signs in the victim (Table 1). The circumstances may provide sufficient clues to what is happening (eg. oxygen toxicity is hardly likely in someone in difficulties on the surface prior to an air dive, but near drowning is a strong bet). Table 1 START HERE DO NOT PANIC The possible presence or absence of 15 symptoms & signs in 8 potentially serious diving-related conditions. or RE-ENTER Note that there is not a single condition/presentation combination that is diagnostic. ENDANGER SELF (DCI-Decompression Illness) Common DCI Pneumo- Ear baro Marine Near Hypo- Myocard- Trauma signs/ thorax - trauma Sting Drowning thermia Infarct symptoms CONTROL MASSIVE EXTERNAL BLEEDING Pain Limb + - - + - + + SPEED IS VITAL+ Pain Chest + + - + + - + + Headache + + + + + + + + Fatigue + + + + + + + + Shivers + + + + + +/-+ + UNCONSCIOUS? Nausea & Vomitting + + + + + + + + Short of Breath + + - + + + + + Cyanosis + + - + + + + + Tinnitus + - + - - CLEAR AIRWAY -YES - NO OBSERVE+ Motor Loss + - - + - - + + Sensory Loss + - - + - - + BREATHING? + INJURY? Convulse + + - + + - + + Loss of Consc.
    [Show full text]
  • First Aid Drowning Drowning Is the Lack of Oxygen Because the Body Is Submerged in Water
    First aid drowning Drowning is the lack of oxygen because the body is submerged in water. One statistic that about four fifths of drowning cases in which lung water and fifth left lung drowning but no water. The sink in water but not stuffy provincial time saved is called a near drowning. The reason for that condition in the lungs of drowning without water is not due to an unexpected swim under water, causing the victim to panic disorder to reflect the body was submerged, reflex muscle contraction epiglottis airways and closed again as the victim is not breathing hypoxic brain and lead to unconsciousness. Epiglottis is closed due to water entering the lungs is not. It is also called dry drowning. Emergency drowning victims: - When you see a panicky hurry on the water for them anything that can help them cling and float up. If only one and two hands, if not an emergency personnel are experienced swim out and rescue personnel is very risky even a good swimmer because of extreme panic, victims often tend to struggle, cling very tightly making it difficult for the emergency and the risk of drowning is always both. Should throw the victim a float before the victim clinging to, then the victim clinging to the savor. - After bringing the victim to shore, quickly call the emergency number 115 and carry out artificial respiration by means of mouth through the mouth because it is the most effective method. The human brain will be damaged or killed if the victim stops breathing for 4-6 minutes.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Laryngeal Foreign Bodies in Children
    150 Sharma, Sharma PREVENTION 3 Haake DA, Zakowski PC, Haake DL, et al. Early treatment with acyclovir for varicella pneumonia in otherwise healthy The US National Center for Infectious Dis- Rev adults: retrospective controlled study and review. Infect J Accid Emerg Med: first published as 10.1136/emj.16.2.150 on 1 March 1999. Downloaded from eases received reports of three adult deaths due Dis 1990;12:788-98. 4 Wallace MR, Bowler WA, Murray NB, et al. Treatment of to chickenpox in the first three months of 1997, adult varicella with oral acyclovir. A randomised, placebo- including two cases of pneumonia in previously controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:358-63. 5 Joseph CA, Noah ND. Epidemiology of chickenpox in Eng- healthy non-pregnant adults.28 Three control land and Wales, 1976-85. BMJ 1988;296:673-6. strategies were recommended, including uni- 6 Fairley CK, Miller E. Varicella-zoster virus epidemiology-a changing scene ?JIlnfect Dis 1996;174(suppl 3):S314-19. versal vaccination against varicella in children 7 Mermelstein RH, Freireich AW. Varicella pneumonia. Ann aged over 12 months and non-immune adults, Intern Med 1961;55:456-63. 8 Knyvett AF. The pulmonary lesions of chickenpox. QJ'Med after antibody testing in doubtful cases. The 1966;139:313-23. vaccine was developed in Japan in 1972 and has 9 Ellis ME, Neal KR, Webb AK. Is smoking a risk factor for been available in North America since March pneumonia in adults with chickenpox ? BMJ 1987;294: 1002-3. 1995. It is a live, attenuated virus preparation 10 Rose RM, Wasserman AS, Wyser WY, et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Near Drowning
    Near Drowning McHenry Western Lake County EMS Definition • Near drowning means the person almost died from not being able to breathe under water. Near Drownings • Defined as: Survival of Victim for more than 24* following submission in a fluid medium. • Leading cause of death in children 1-4 years of age. • Second leading cause of death in children 1-14 years of age. • 85 % are caused from falls into pools or natural bodies of water. • Male/Female ratio is 4-1 Near Drowning • Submersion injury occurs when a person is submerged in water, attempts to breathe, and either aspirates water (wet) or has laryngospasm (dry). Response • If a person has been rescued from a near drowning situation, quick first aid and medical attention are extremely important. Statistics • 6,000 to 8,000 people drown each year. Most of them are within a short distance of shore. • A person who is drowning can not shout for help. • Watch for uneven swimming motions that indicate swimmer is getting tired Statistics • Children can drown in only a few inches of water. • Suspect an accident if you see someone fully clothed • If the person is a cold water drowning, you may be able to revive them. Near Drowning Risk Factor by Age 600 500 400 300 Male Female 200 100 0 0-4 yr 5-9 yr 10-14 yr 15-19 Ref: Paul A. Checchia, MD - Loma Linda University Children’s Hospital Near Drowning • “Tragically 90% of all fatal submersion incidents occur within ten yards of safety.” Robinson, Ped Emer Care; 1987 Causes • Leaving small children unattended around bath tubs and pools • Drinking
    [Show full text]
  • Abc of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
    ABC OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL This ABC covers all the major areas of occupational and environmental ABC medicine that the non-specialist will want to know about. It updates the OF material in ABC of W ork Related Disorders and most of the chapters have been rewritten and expanded. New information is provided on a range of environmental issues, yet the book maintains its practical approach, giving guidance on the diagnosis and day to day management of the main occupational disorders. OCCUPATIONAL AND Contents include ¥ Hazards of work ¥ Occupational health practice and investigating the workplace ENVIRONMENTAL ¥ Legal aspects and fitness for work ¥ Musculoskeletal disorders AL MEDICINE ¥ Psychological factors ¥ Human factors ¥ Physical agents MEDICINE ¥ Infectious and respiratory diseases ¥ Cancers and skin disease ¥ Genetics and reproduction Ð SECOND EDITION ¥ Global issues and pollution SECOND EDITION ¥ New occupational and environmental diseases Written by leading specialists in the field, this ABC is a valuable reference for students of occupational and environmental medicine, general practitioners, and others who want to know more about this increasingly important subject. Related titles from BMJ Books ABC of Allergies ABC of Dermatology Epidemiology of Work Related Diseases General medicine Snashall and Patel www.bmjbooks.com Edited by David Snashall and Dipti Patel SNAS-FM.qxd 6/28/03 11:38 AM Page i ABC OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE Second Edition SNAS-FM.qxd 6/28/03 11:38 AM Page ii SNAS-FM.qxd 6/28/03 11:38 AM Page iii ABC OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE Second Edition Edited by DAVID SNASHALL Head of Occupational Health Services, Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospital NHS Trust, London Chief Medical Adviser, Health and Safety Executive, London DIPTI PATEL Consultant Occupational Physician, British Broadcasting Corporation, London SNAS-FM.qxd 6/28/03 11:38 AM Page iv © BMJ Publishing Group 1997, 2003 All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Hypothermia Hyperthermia Normothemic
    Means normal body temperature. Normal body core temperature ranges from 99.7ºF to 99.5ºF. A fever is a Normothemic body temperature of 99.5 to 100.9ºF and above. Humans are warm-blooded mammals who maintain a constant body temperature (euthermia). Temperature regulation is controlled by the hypothalamus in the base of the brain. The hypothalamus functions as a thermostat for the body. Temperature receptors (thermoreceptors) are located in the skin, certain mucous membranes, and in the deeper tissues of the body. When an increase in body temperature is detected, the hypothalamus shuts off body mechanisms that generate heat (for example, shivering). When a decrease in body temperature is detected, the hypothalamus shuts off body mechanisms designed to cool the body (for example, sweating). The body continuously adjusts the metabolic rate in order to maintain a constant CORE Hypothermia Core body temperatures of 95ºF and lower is considered hypothermic can cause the heart and nervous system to begin to malfunction and can, in many instances, lead to severe heart, respiratory and other problems that can result in organ damage and death.Hannibal lost nearly half of his troops while crossing the Pyrenees Alps in 218 B.C. from hypothermia; and only 4,000 of Napoleon Bonaparte’s 100,000 men survived the march back from Russia in the winter of 1812 - most dying of starvation and hypothermia. During the sinking of the Titanic most people who entered the 28°F water died within 15–30 minutes. Symptoms: First Aid : Mild hypothermia: As the body temperature drops below 97°F there is Call 911 or emergency medical assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Advice on Positional Asphyxia
    POSITIONAL (OR RESTRAINT) ASPHYXIA FACTSHEET This factsheet should be provided to anyone undergoing physical intervention training. Its contents should be emphasised during training to remind learners of the dangers of certain kinds of restraint and signs of impending asphyxiation. INTRODUCTION Although uncommon, deaths can and do occur following the restraint. A particular risk occurs in certain kinds of restraint. These deaths have frequently been attributed to positional or restraint asphyxia. Staff who use physical interventions must be trained and made aware of the: ● mechanism of restraint ● potential dangers associated with certain restraints ● adverse effects of restraints ● early warning signs of potential harm WHAT IS POSITIONAL OR RESTRAINT ASPHYXIA? Positional or restraint asphyxia is where the subject’s body position during the restraint causes asphyxiation. There are a number of adverse effects, the more common of which include: ● inability or difficulty in breathing ● feeling sick or being sick ● developing swelling to the face and neck areas ● developing pinpoint-sized haemorrhages (small blood spots) to the head, neck and chest areas brought about by asphyxiation (petechiae) RESTRAINT AND BREATHING Being able to expand one’s chest is essential to breathing as this serves to draw air into the lungs. Minimal chest movement is needed during periods of inactivity or rest. However, following exertion or upset the body requires a great deal more oxygen and both the rate and depth of breathing increases so as to cater for this additional oxygen requirement. Increased lung inflation is achieved by way of increased muscle activity in the chest wall and abdomen as well as in the shoulders and neck.
    [Show full text]
  • ANZCOR Guideline 9.3.4 – Heat Induced Illness (Hyperthermia)
    ANZCOR Guideline 9.3.4 – Heat Induced Illness (Hyperthermia) Summary Who does this guideline apply to? This guideline applies to adults, children and infants. Who is the audience for this guideline? This guideline is for use by bystanders, first aiders and first aid training providers. Recommendations The ANZCOR recommends that: • First aiders send for an ambulance early in the treatment of heat induced illness (ungraded, good practice statement). • First aiders cool the person by the best means available whilst waiting for more advanced care (strong recommendation, weak level of evidence). • Give cool/cold water to drink if fully conscious and able to swallow. For exertional dehydration, ANZCOR suggest a 3-8% carbohydrate electrolyte fluid (e.g. any commercially available “sports drink”) (weak recommendation, very low quality evidence). ANZCOR Guideline 9.3.4 September 2020 Page 1 of 5 Guideline 1 Introduction Heat induced illness may be caused by: • excessive heat absorption from a hot environment • excessive heat production from metabolic activity • failure of the body’s cooling mechanisms • an alteration in the body’s set temperature. Mild elevation in body temperature is normally controlled with sweating, which allows cooling by evaporation. Once the individual becomes too dehydrated to sweat, body temperature can rise rapidly and dramatically. Factors which may contribute to heat induced illness include: • excessive physical exertion • hot climatic conditions with high humidity • inadequate fluid intake • infection • persons who are overweight or obese • unsuitable environments (e.g. unventilated hot buildings, parked motor vehicles) • wearing unsuitably heavy, dark clothing on hot days • drugs which affect heat regulation. The very young1, 2, 3 and very old4 are more prone to heat induced illness.
    [Show full text]